Hélène Delisle - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Hélène Delisle
... By contrast, intensive peri-urban agriculture, as practised in many large cities of Asia, can... more ... By contrast, intensive peri-urban agriculture, as practised in many large cities of Asia, can provide a ... This is more an issue in cities, as it is a well known fact that food ... Such an approach has been successfully field tested in Mexico and the National Institute of Consumers is now ...
Salud Publica De Mexico, Apr 1, 2007
Global Health Promotion, Mar 1, 2013
Nutrition Journal, Apr 19, 2011
Oxford University Press eBooks, Oct 1, 2015
World Health Organization eBooks, 2002
Public Health Nutrition, Jan 25, 2021
Médecine des Maladies Métaboliques, Mar 1, 2016
Cahiers Agricultures, Mar 1, 1995
Cahiers d'études et de recherches francophones / Santé, Dec 1, 2005
Le cumul de la malnutrition proteino-energetique (MPE) des enfants et du surpoids des meres au se... more Le cumul de la malnutrition proteino-energetique (MPE) des enfants et du surpoids des meres au sein des memes menages est un phenomene associe a une transition nutritionnelle acceleree dans les pays en developpement (PED). L’objectif de l’etude etait de determiner, en zone urbaine pauvre du Benin, la prevalence de ce cumul, puis de cerner les differences avec des menages d’autres phenotypes nutritionnels, quant aux conditions socio-economiques et a la qualite de l’alimentation. Des donnees anthropometriques ont ete recueillies aupres des meres et enfants de 148 menages choisis de maniere aleatoire et comportant au moins deux enfants de la meme mere, dont un âge de 6 a 59 mois et l’autre, de 5 a 11 ans. Les autres parametres ont ete evalues au moyen d’un questionnaire administre a une partie des meres (n = 126), incluant la frequence de consommation de 13 groupes alimentaires pour evaluer la diversite comme indice de qualite alimentaire. La prevalence du cumul etait de 16,2 %. Sur les 79 menages avec MPE, 30,4 % avaient une mere en surpoids, alors que 41,4 % des menages a surpoids maternel (n = 58) comprenaient au moins un enfant malnutri. Les enfants de 5 a 11 ans presentaient un bon moins etat nutritionnel que ceux de moins de 5 ans (41 % et 30 % de MPE chronique ou aigue, respectivement). Chez les meres, 39,2 % accusaient un surpoids, incluant 15,5 % d’obesite. D’apres les analyses de regression logistique, un statut socio-economique relativement eleve favorisait le cumul surtout parmi les menages avec MPE, alors que l’insalubrite de l’habitat augmentait le risque de cumul chez les menages a surpoids maternel. Une plus grande diversite alimentaire protegeait les differents types de menages contre le cumul. L’etude permet de conclure qu’en milieu urbain pauvre de PED a faible revenu, le fardeau nutritionnel n’est pas a negliger et que pour la prevention, des actions pour la diversification alimentaire et pour l’assainissement sont indiquees.
PubMed, Apr 12, 2002
Intrauterine growth retardation, which reflects in large part maternal malnutrition in poorer com... more Intrauterine growth retardation, which reflects in large part maternal malnutrition in poorer communities, contributes to chronic disease risk through foetal programming, according to the early origins hypothesis of Barker. Foetal programming implies that during critical periods of prenatal growth, permanent changes in metabolism or structures result from adverse intrauterine conditions. Observational studies first showed an association between lower birth weights and higher rates of coronary disease in the 80s, in England and Scandinavia. The link between low birth weights, or other indicators of small birth size, and cardiovascular disease was later confirmed in many epidemiological studies, including in the USA and in India. Similarly, a reverse relationship of birth weight and systolic blood pressure was shown in men and women, in developed as well as developing countries, and in all age groups, although it was less consistent in adolescents. Insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes have also been found to be independently related to small size at birth in several studies around the world. Insulin resistance associated with small size at birth was frequently shown to be present at a young age. The association of small birth size with chronic disease tends to increase with catch-up growth and obesity, and usually persists after adjusting for confounding factors such as age, family history, and socio-economic status. Several, but not all, twin studies lend support to the hypothesis. There is a tendency for lighter members of twin pairs to have a higher blood pressure, and more diabetes. Observations in people exposed to the Dutch famine while in utero also tend to corroborate the hypothesis. Those who were exposed early in their intrauterine life did not have lower birth weights, but they were prone to becoming obese later on. In contrast, those exposed towards the end of gestation had lower birth weights, and showed a higher rate of impaired glucose tolerance, while having a lower risk of obesity. Dietary manipulations in animal models provide further support and mechanistic explanations, in particular protein deficiency in pregnant rats, which elevates blood pressure, impairs glucose tolerance, and increases the likelihood of obesity in the progeny. Although there are still controversial areas, there is at present sufficient scientific evidence for foetal programming to be regarded as an additional risk factor for chronic disease, in interaction with genetic and lifestyle risk factors. The fact that intrauterine growth retardation may predispose to nutrition-related chronic disease has serious implications for developing countries, particularly those undergoing rapid nutritional transition, as it may further increase the rates of obesity, cardiovascular disease and diabetes when diets and lifestyles are in themselves "atherogenic". The challenge is for programmes to simultaneously combat apparently opposite nutrition problems, malnutrition and "over-nutrition". Improving the nutrition of women is even more imperative when considering that it may contribute to preventing chronic diseases in the next generation, in addition to enhancing health and survival of mothers and children.
PubMed, 1993
Objective: To assess and compare the prevalence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM... more Objective: To assess and compare the prevalence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in two native Indian communities. Design: Population-based study. Setting: Two Algonquin communities in Quebec: River Desert and Lac Simon. Participants: All native Indian residents aged at least 15 years were eligible; 621 (59%) of them volunteered to enroll in the study. The participation rate was 49% in River Desert and 76% in Lac Simon. Main outcome measures: Fasting blood glucose level and serum glucose level 2 hours after 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, as described by the World Health Organization, in all subjects except those with confirmed diabetes. Other measures included body mass index (BMI), fat distribution and blood pressure. Main results: The age-sex standardized prevalence rate of NIDDM was 19% in Lac Simon (95% confidence interval [CI] 16% to 21%); this was more than twice the rate of 9% in River Desert (95% CI 7% to 11%). The IGT rates were comparable in the two communities (River Desert 5%, Lac Simon 6%). NIDDM and IGT were uncommon under the age of 35 years. Only in Lac Simon was the NIDDM prevalence rate significantly higher among the women than among the men (23% v. 14%); almost half of the women aged 35 years or more had diabetes. In Lac Simon the rate of marked obesity (BMI greater than 30) was significantly higher among the women than among the men (37% v. 19%; p < 0.001); this sex-related difference was not found in River Desert (rates 31% and 23% respectively). Previously undiagnosed NIDDM accounted for 25% of all the cases. NIDDM and IGT were significantly associated with high BMI, sum of skinfold thicknesses and waist:hip circumference ratio (p < 0.001). The subscapular:triceps skinfold ratio, however, did not display such an association, nor did the age-adjusted systolic blood pressure. Conclusions: The prevalence of NIDDM is high in Algonquin communities and may vary markedly between communities. Although widespread, particularly in women, obesity cannot entirely explain the much higher rate of NIDDM in Lac Simon. Family and lifestyle risk factors, in particular diet and activity patterns, are being analysed in the two communities.
PubMed, Feb 16, 2006
The coexistence of child malnutrition and maternal overweight in the same households typifies rap... more The coexistence of child malnutrition and maternal overweight in the same households typifies rapid nutrition transition in developing countries (DCs). It is reportedly less common in Africa than in Latin America or Asia, but the phenomenon is still little documented. The purpose of our study in poor urban neighbourhoods of the capital city of Benin (West Africa) was to assess the magnitude of the overlap of child protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) and maternal overweight within households, and to compare these households with other nutritional phenotypes in terms of socio-economic circumstances and diet quality. Our hypothesis was that both child PEM and maternal overweight could stem from poor socio-economic conditions, including lack of sanitation, and poor diet quality. Food diversity was used as an index of diet quality, or the qualitative dimension of food security. A random sample of 148 households that included a least the biological mother, one child between 6 and 59 months of age and a second one between 5 and 11 years was selected in two poor neighbourhoods of the capital city of Cotonou to assess the prevalence of "double burden" households and of other nutritional phenotypes of households: with PEM only in at least one child; with maternal overweight only; and without PEM or overweight. Body weights and heights of mothers and of the two targeted children were measured. As long as one child had low weight-for-height or height-for-age (z-score <-2.0), the household came under the "PEM" type. In mothers, overweight was defined as body mass index (BMI) > or = 25, obesity > or = 30 and chronic energy deficiency <18.5. We retained 126 households for interviews with mothers on socio-economic circumstances and food diversity. A socio-economic status (SES) score was constructed on the basis of household amenities and maternal education. Food insecurity was based on reported shortage of food in the last year in the household. Based on the frequency of consumption of 13 different food groups in the previous week, a food diversity score was computed. Overall 35.5% of children were malnourished, and school-age children had a worse nutritional status than under-5 children: 41% and 30% PEM (chronic or acute or both), respectively. The rate of maternal overweight was 39.1% including 15.5% of obesity. Child PEM coexisted with maternal overweight or obesity in 16.2% of the households; 27.7% of households had PEM only, 23% overweight only, 20.3% showed no malnutrition or overweight, and 12.8% had an underweight mother. Maternal BMI status was significantly associated with both children's weight-for-height z-score, particularly the elder one. The rate of child malnutrition, particularly wasting, was significantly higher among underweight mothers and lower in overweight mothers . Underweight mothers were merged with mothers with BMI < or = 25 for the remaining analyses. Households with overweight mothers tended to enjoy relatively better socio-economic conditions--higher SES, higher maternal education, less food insecurity, better household sanitation; they also tended to have a more diversified diet. This is in contrast with PEM households. Dual burden households shared several socio-economic features with the PEM households, except for a higher (not significant) SES score. Dual burden households also had the lowest food diversity score of all household types. Logistical regression models revealed that a relatively higher SES level was associated with a higher likelihood of maternal overweight in PEM households, whereas poor household sanitation increased the odds of PEM among maternal overweight households. Food diversity appeared significantly associated with a lower likelihood of dual burden in all types of households. The study highlights the importance of addressing the double burden of malnutrition and overweight even in poor areas of low income countries of West Africa. It suggests that prevention efforts should be aimed at improving diet quality and sanitation in poor urban households.
Nutrition Journal, Jan 23, 2009
Burleigh Dodds series in agricultural science, Mar 19, 2018
Global Health Promotion, Jan 16, 2019
Food and Nutrition Bulletin, Dec 1, 1992
Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 1999
A range of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) visual tools were used in two Malawian villages to... more A range of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) visual tools were used in two Malawian villages to determine how the villagers perceived their food security problems and what solutions they sought. In both villages, 94% of households were considered food insecure by villagers, who based their assessment on number and composition of meals, size of maize stores, and ownership of cattle in one village. Reported coping strategies were primarily connected with small trade (beer, firewood, vegetables). Means of improving soil fertility were seen as promising solutions. In this study, the PRA tools displayed the possibility of collecting location‐specific and action‐geared information on household food security in a short time. This approach, however, may need to be pursued longer to confirm its empowering effect.
... By contrast, intensive peri-urban agriculture, as practised in many large cities of Asia, can... more ... By contrast, intensive peri-urban agriculture, as practised in many large cities of Asia, can provide a ... This is more an issue in cities, as it is a well known fact that food ... Such an approach has been successfully field tested in Mexico and the National Institute of Consumers is now ...
Salud Publica De Mexico, Apr 1, 2007
Global Health Promotion, Mar 1, 2013
Nutrition Journal, Apr 19, 2011
Oxford University Press eBooks, Oct 1, 2015
World Health Organization eBooks, 2002
Public Health Nutrition, Jan 25, 2021
Médecine des Maladies Métaboliques, Mar 1, 2016
Cahiers Agricultures, Mar 1, 1995
Cahiers d'études et de recherches francophones / Santé, Dec 1, 2005
Le cumul de la malnutrition proteino-energetique (MPE) des enfants et du surpoids des meres au se... more Le cumul de la malnutrition proteino-energetique (MPE) des enfants et du surpoids des meres au sein des memes menages est un phenomene associe a une transition nutritionnelle acceleree dans les pays en developpement (PED). L’objectif de l’etude etait de determiner, en zone urbaine pauvre du Benin, la prevalence de ce cumul, puis de cerner les differences avec des menages d’autres phenotypes nutritionnels, quant aux conditions socio-economiques et a la qualite de l’alimentation. Des donnees anthropometriques ont ete recueillies aupres des meres et enfants de 148 menages choisis de maniere aleatoire et comportant au moins deux enfants de la meme mere, dont un âge de 6 a 59 mois et l’autre, de 5 a 11 ans. Les autres parametres ont ete evalues au moyen d’un questionnaire administre a une partie des meres (n = 126), incluant la frequence de consommation de 13 groupes alimentaires pour evaluer la diversite comme indice de qualite alimentaire. La prevalence du cumul etait de 16,2 %. Sur les 79 menages avec MPE, 30,4 % avaient une mere en surpoids, alors que 41,4 % des menages a surpoids maternel (n = 58) comprenaient au moins un enfant malnutri. Les enfants de 5 a 11 ans presentaient un bon moins etat nutritionnel que ceux de moins de 5 ans (41 % et 30 % de MPE chronique ou aigue, respectivement). Chez les meres, 39,2 % accusaient un surpoids, incluant 15,5 % d’obesite. D’apres les analyses de regression logistique, un statut socio-economique relativement eleve favorisait le cumul surtout parmi les menages avec MPE, alors que l’insalubrite de l’habitat augmentait le risque de cumul chez les menages a surpoids maternel. Une plus grande diversite alimentaire protegeait les differents types de menages contre le cumul. L’etude permet de conclure qu’en milieu urbain pauvre de PED a faible revenu, le fardeau nutritionnel n’est pas a negliger et que pour la prevention, des actions pour la diversification alimentaire et pour l’assainissement sont indiquees.
PubMed, Apr 12, 2002
Intrauterine growth retardation, which reflects in large part maternal malnutrition in poorer com... more Intrauterine growth retardation, which reflects in large part maternal malnutrition in poorer communities, contributes to chronic disease risk through foetal programming, according to the early origins hypothesis of Barker. Foetal programming implies that during critical periods of prenatal growth, permanent changes in metabolism or structures result from adverse intrauterine conditions. Observational studies first showed an association between lower birth weights and higher rates of coronary disease in the 80s, in England and Scandinavia. The link between low birth weights, or other indicators of small birth size, and cardiovascular disease was later confirmed in many epidemiological studies, including in the USA and in India. Similarly, a reverse relationship of birth weight and systolic blood pressure was shown in men and women, in developed as well as developing countries, and in all age groups, although it was less consistent in adolescents. Insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes have also been found to be independently related to small size at birth in several studies around the world. Insulin resistance associated with small size at birth was frequently shown to be present at a young age. The association of small birth size with chronic disease tends to increase with catch-up growth and obesity, and usually persists after adjusting for confounding factors such as age, family history, and socio-economic status. Several, but not all, twin studies lend support to the hypothesis. There is a tendency for lighter members of twin pairs to have a higher blood pressure, and more diabetes. Observations in people exposed to the Dutch famine while in utero also tend to corroborate the hypothesis. Those who were exposed early in their intrauterine life did not have lower birth weights, but they were prone to becoming obese later on. In contrast, those exposed towards the end of gestation had lower birth weights, and showed a higher rate of impaired glucose tolerance, while having a lower risk of obesity. Dietary manipulations in animal models provide further support and mechanistic explanations, in particular protein deficiency in pregnant rats, which elevates blood pressure, impairs glucose tolerance, and increases the likelihood of obesity in the progeny. Although there are still controversial areas, there is at present sufficient scientific evidence for foetal programming to be regarded as an additional risk factor for chronic disease, in interaction with genetic and lifestyle risk factors. The fact that intrauterine growth retardation may predispose to nutrition-related chronic disease has serious implications for developing countries, particularly those undergoing rapid nutritional transition, as it may further increase the rates of obesity, cardiovascular disease and diabetes when diets and lifestyles are in themselves "atherogenic". The challenge is for programmes to simultaneously combat apparently opposite nutrition problems, malnutrition and "over-nutrition". Improving the nutrition of women is even more imperative when considering that it may contribute to preventing chronic diseases in the next generation, in addition to enhancing health and survival of mothers and children.
PubMed, 1993
Objective: To assess and compare the prevalence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM... more Objective: To assess and compare the prevalence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in two native Indian communities. Design: Population-based study. Setting: Two Algonquin communities in Quebec: River Desert and Lac Simon. Participants: All native Indian residents aged at least 15 years were eligible; 621 (59%) of them volunteered to enroll in the study. The participation rate was 49% in River Desert and 76% in Lac Simon. Main outcome measures: Fasting blood glucose level and serum glucose level 2 hours after 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, as described by the World Health Organization, in all subjects except those with confirmed diabetes. Other measures included body mass index (BMI), fat distribution and blood pressure. Main results: The age-sex standardized prevalence rate of NIDDM was 19% in Lac Simon (95% confidence interval [CI] 16% to 21%); this was more than twice the rate of 9% in River Desert (95% CI 7% to 11%). The IGT rates were comparable in the two communities (River Desert 5%, Lac Simon 6%). NIDDM and IGT were uncommon under the age of 35 years. Only in Lac Simon was the NIDDM prevalence rate significantly higher among the women than among the men (23% v. 14%); almost half of the women aged 35 years or more had diabetes. In Lac Simon the rate of marked obesity (BMI greater than 30) was significantly higher among the women than among the men (37% v. 19%; p < 0.001); this sex-related difference was not found in River Desert (rates 31% and 23% respectively). Previously undiagnosed NIDDM accounted for 25% of all the cases. NIDDM and IGT were significantly associated with high BMI, sum of skinfold thicknesses and waist:hip circumference ratio (p < 0.001). The subscapular:triceps skinfold ratio, however, did not display such an association, nor did the age-adjusted systolic blood pressure. Conclusions: The prevalence of NIDDM is high in Algonquin communities and may vary markedly between communities. Although widespread, particularly in women, obesity cannot entirely explain the much higher rate of NIDDM in Lac Simon. Family and lifestyle risk factors, in particular diet and activity patterns, are being analysed in the two communities.
PubMed, Feb 16, 2006
The coexistence of child malnutrition and maternal overweight in the same households typifies rap... more The coexistence of child malnutrition and maternal overweight in the same households typifies rapid nutrition transition in developing countries (DCs). It is reportedly less common in Africa than in Latin America or Asia, but the phenomenon is still little documented. The purpose of our study in poor urban neighbourhoods of the capital city of Benin (West Africa) was to assess the magnitude of the overlap of child protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) and maternal overweight within households, and to compare these households with other nutritional phenotypes in terms of socio-economic circumstances and diet quality. Our hypothesis was that both child PEM and maternal overweight could stem from poor socio-economic conditions, including lack of sanitation, and poor diet quality. Food diversity was used as an index of diet quality, or the qualitative dimension of food security. A random sample of 148 households that included a least the biological mother, one child between 6 and 59 months of age and a second one between 5 and 11 years was selected in two poor neighbourhoods of the capital city of Cotonou to assess the prevalence of "double burden" households and of other nutritional phenotypes of households: with PEM only in at least one child; with maternal overweight only; and without PEM or overweight. Body weights and heights of mothers and of the two targeted children were measured. As long as one child had low weight-for-height or height-for-age (z-score <-2.0), the household came under the "PEM" type. In mothers, overweight was defined as body mass index (BMI) > or = 25, obesity > or = 30 and chronic energy deficiency <18.5. We retained 126 households for interviews with mothers on socio-economic circumstances and food diversity. A socio-economic status (SES) score was constructed on the basis of household amenities and maternal education. Food insecurity was based on reported shortage of food in the last year in the household. Based on the frequency of consumption of 13 different food groups in the previous week, a food diversity score was computed. Overall 35.5% of children were malnourished, and school-age children had a worse nutritional status than under-5 children: 41% and 30% PEM (chronic or acute or both), respectively. The rate of maternal overweight was 39.1% including 15.5% of obesity. Child PEM coexisted with maternal overweight or obesity in 16.2% of the households; 27.7% of households had PEM only, 23% overweight only, 20.3% showed no malnutrition or overweight, and 12.8% had an underweight mother. Maternal BMI status was significantly associated with both children's weight-for-height z-score, particularly the elder one. The rate of child malnutrition, particularly wasting, was significantly higher among underweight mothers and lower in overweight mothers . Underweight mothers were merged with mothers with BMI < or = 25 for the remaining analyses. Households with overweight mothers tended to enjoy relatively better socio-economic conditions--higher SES, higher maternal education, less food insecurity, better household sanitation; they also tended to have a more diversified diet. This is in contrast with PEM households. Dual burden households shared several socio-economic features with the PEM households, except for a higher (not significant) SES score. Dual burden households also had the lowest food diversity score of all household types. Logistical regression models revealed that a relatively higher SES level was associated with a higher likelihood of maternal overweight in PEM households, whereas poor household sanitation increased the odds of PEM among maternal overweight households. Food diversity appeared significantly associated with a lower likelihood of dual burden in all types of households. The study highlights the importance of addressing the double burden of malnutrition and overweight even in poor areas of low income countries of West Africa. It suggests that prevention efforts should be aimed at improving diet quality and sanitation in poor urban households.
Nutrition Journal, Jan 23, 2009
Burleigh Dodds series in agricultural science, Mar 19, 2018
Global Health Promotion, Jan 16, 2019
Food and Nutrition Bulletin, Dec 1, 1992
Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 1999
A range of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) visual tools were used in two Malawian villages to... more A range of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) visual tools were used in two Malawian villages to determine how the villagers perceived their food security problems and what solutions they sought. In both villages, 94% of households were considered food insecure by villagers, who based their assessment on number and composition of meals, size of maize stores, and ownership of cattle in one village. Reported coping strategies were primarily connected with small trade (beer, firewood, vegetables). Means of improving soil fertility were seen as promising solutions. In this study, the PRA tools displayed the possibility of collecting location‐specific and action‐geared information on household food security in a short time. This approach, however, may need to be pursued longer to confirm its empowering effect.