Demerval Gonçalves - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Demerval Gonçalves
The knowledge of urban flood risk areas associated with the rural environmental register database... more The knowledge of urban flood risk areas associated with the rural environmental register database allows to identify where small rivers begins. This article combines and assesses the risk prone areas with headwaters and proposes actions. The goal of this work was to evaluate the relationships between flood risk and the environmental conditions of headwaters (both in preserved, consolidated areas and to be reforested) of 10 municipalities in the Paraiba Valley, previously mapped by the Institute of Technological Research (IPT). The results showed that, for the municipalities evaluated, 10,324 headwaters were registered and, for all municipalities the quantity of preserved areas is higher in comparison with the consolidated areas. Furthermore, there is a lack of vegetation restoration project in rivers that causes flooding in the studied municipalities, even after changes in the Brazilian Forest Code. These results provide valuable information to the local institutions that conduct ac...
Sustainability in Debate, 2021
The São Paulo Macro Metropolis (MMP) is a geographical arrangement that brings together the most ... more The São Paulo Macro Metropolis (MMP) is a geographical arrangement that brings together the most significant Brazilian socioeconomic figures and faces numerous challenges, such as heavy pressure on natural resources. Through compilation, spatialization and cross-referencing of data, this work assessed time series of land use and land cover of the last decades, the water supply status in an urban environment and climate data projection for MMP. Municipalities with different profiles were identified: those with positive final balances and those with negative final balances about the maintenance of their natural areas. Furthermore, more than half of the municipalities of the MMP have low water supply assurance, which can be aggravated due to climate change, as predicted in several climate models. The characterization of municipalities based on this information allowed identifying which of them are the most vulnerable, and these results indicate paths for coordinated actions at local an...
Sustentabilidade em Debate, 2020
As políticas públicas de auxílio financeiro para ações de resposta a desastres são um tema pouco ... more As políticas públicas de auxílio financeiro para ações de resposta a desastres são um tema pouco estudado. Neste artigo analisaram-se informações extraídas das bases de dados dos decretos de Situação de Emergência e Estado de Calamidade Pública e dos custos de socorro e resposta a desastres no Brasil, no período 2013-2017, a partir de suas distribuições espaço-temporal. Os custos de socorro e resposta a desastres são também utilizados em uma análise cruzada com indicadores municipais, como o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDHM) e o Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) per capita. Identificou-se que os gastos excederam R$ 800 milhões. As defesas civis estaduais responderam pela maior parte dos recursos utilizados (76,4%). Em um universo de 564 municípios que utilizaram o auxílio financeiro via Cartão de Pagamento de Defesa Civil, constatou-se a concentração de 40% dos recursos em 30 defesas civis municipais, algumas das quais em municípios com alto IDHM e PIB per capita.
Sustainability, 2020
The São Paulo Macro Metropolis (SPMM) is one of the richest and most inequitable regions of the G... more The São Paulo Macro Metropolis (SPMM) is one of the richest and most inequitable regions of the Global South and is already experiencing the impacts of severe climate events. This study analyzes climate risk assessments and policy responses for this territory as well as its vulnerabilities. The Index of Vulnerability to Natural Disasters related to Droughts in the Context of Climate Change (IVDNS—acronym in Portuguese) was used to identify and select the most vulnerable municipalities in the SPMM. Following vulnerability analysis, the municipalities were subjected to risk analysis in the context of existing Brazilian legislation. The results indicate that, despite having positive capacities to respond to climate change, the analyzed municipalities are far from advancing from the status quo or taking the actions that are necessary to face future challenges in a climate emergency scenario. The results indicate that, despite being the most vulnerable to droughts and natural disasters, ...
Ambiente & Sociedade, 2020
This article addresses regional inequalities about critical healthcare infrastructure for coping ... more This article addresses regional inequalities about critical healthcare infrastructure for coping with the COVID-19, based on geospatial analysis and compartmental modeling (SEIR). The study sites were the São Paulo Macro Metropolis (MMP) and the Metropolitan Region of Vale do Paraíba/Litoral Norte (RMVPLN). The results indicated the absence of ICU beds in more than 2/3 of the municipalities, in addition to the concentration in regional hubs, for which the migration of COVID-19 cases from neighboring municipalities should be considered. The analysis with the SEIR model, performed for scenarios with and without social isolation, showed that the isolation adopted in the regions was able to postpone the collapse of the health infrastructure, reducing the reproduction rate of the disease. The simulations indicated a reproduction rate of 0.95 in order to avoid collapse in the health infrastructure for RMVPLN in the analyzed period. In addition, for future resilience, it is essential to ad...
Ambiente & Sociedade, 2020
One of the benefits of forest and reforestation is linked to the erosion control and reduction of... more One of the benefits of forest and reforestation is linked to the erosion control and reduction of the amount of sediments suspended in water. This study proposes a methodology for Payments for Ecosystem Services associated to these benefits in 24 water supply watersheds, under influence of the Paraíba do Sul River Basin Environmental Protected Area, in Brazil. In order to estimate the water resources protection through the reforestation, the current scenario was compared to a hypothetical scenario, in which degraded pasture are replaced by forest. The avoided soil erosion could reach around 40t.ha-1.yr-1. Reforestation can avoid expenditures in water treatment, sludge disposal and dredging around USD 7.8 million per year. Annual values for PES range from USD 6 to 3,014 per hectare of reforested area. The results highlight the importance of valuing the benefits of the ecosystem services rescued.
urbe. Revista Brasileira de Gestão Urbana, 2018
Resumo A partir do conhecimento das áreas de risco de inundação urbana e do banco de dados do cad... more Resumo A partir do conhecimento das áreas de risco de inundação urbana e do banco de dados do cadastro ambiental rural, que permite conhecer a localização das nascentes de cursos d’água, o artigo associa e avalia as áreas de risco e nascentes, propondo ações no âmbito das informações geradas. O estudo abrangeu 10 municípios da região do Vale do Paraíba, mapeados pelo Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas (IPT), com risco de inundação e a situação das nascentes (áreas preservadas, consolidadas e a serem recompostas). Os resultados revelaram, para os municípios avaliados, que 10.324 nascentes foram cadastradas e, para todos os municípios, a quantidade de áreas preservadas é superior em relação às consolidadas. Além disso, há carência de projeto de recomposição da vegetação em nascentes de cursos d’água causadores de inundação nos municípios estudados, mesmo após alterações no Código Florestal. Tais informações podem ser utilizadas para subsidiar instituições locais, que atuam na reveget...
Revista Percursos, 2017
Áreas verdes e risco de desastres nas eleições municipais de 2016: propostas de candidatos em mun... more Áreas verdes e risco de desastres nas eleições municipais de 2016: propostas de candidatos em municípios paulistas e catarinenses Resumo A manutenção da vegetação no âmbito municipal é fundamental para a redução de riscos de desastres e para a manutenção do equilíbrio ambiental. Nesse contexto, avaliamos propostas de candidatos que concorreram às eleições municipais de 2016, em municípios dos estados de São Paulo e Santa Catarina monitorados quanto ao risco de desastres socioambientais. Para tanto, verificamos se os candidatos de dez municípios (cinco de cada estado), consideraram em suas propostas os seguintes temas: i) importância das áreas verdes na melhoria das condições ambientais das cidades; ii) interesse em fiscalizar áreas de risco; iii) regularização urbana, no contexto da redução de risco e conservação de áreas verdes municipais. Os resultados mostram que os candidatos reconhecem a importância da vegetação, a exemplo do aumento da permeabilidade do solo e proteção dos recursos hídricos. Por outro lado, a fiscalização, para evitar a formação de áreas de risco e a degradação da vegetação, foi apresentada em menos da metade das propostas. A regularização de áreas continua a ser um problema, pois a maior parte dos candidatos pretende realizá-la, independente dos riscos e problemas futuros que possa causar aos moradores e ao poder público. Além disso, há escassa participação de mulheres nos pleitos eleitorais municipais analisados.
2013 Fifth International Conference on Geo-Information Technologies for Natural Disaster Management, 2013
Population growth in urban areas drives people vulnerability to natural disasters, especially in ... more Population growth in urban areas drives people vulnerability to natural disasters, especially in emergent economies like Brazil. The existing automatic pluviometric network is insufficient to provide enough information to monitor and prevent deaths due to landslides and floods in 821 municipalities defined as priority ones in the Brazilian National Plan of Risk Management and Response to Natural Disasters, implemented in 2012. Therefore, aiming to support early warning and monitoring systems and make available near-real time rain data, the National Early Warning and Monitoring Centre of Natural Disasters (Cemaden) has carried out an integrative institutional project to acquire and identify optimal places to install 1400 automatic pluviometers in risk areas of landslides and/or floods, already mapped in more than 350 Brazilian municipalities where existing network is scarce. Using geo-information techniques, the methodology included a deficit analysis to estimate the needed number of pluviometers per municipality. These estimates were used in a cooperative action between Cemaden and institutions at state and municipality levels, especially municipality governments and their civil defenses. A number of technical meetings and fieldwork training were done in 14 from the 27 Brazilian Federal Units in several municipalities to promote the project. Cemaden developed a dedicated web database where the institutions' representatives were able to supply detailed information of suitable sites to install pluviometers inside or nearby risk areas, based on their empirical knowledge of local characteristics. The results so far are very promising as 1, 500 locations have been filled since March 2013, and around 600 were chosen as optimal installation sites using spatial analysis. As the pluviometers installations take place, we expect a significant improvement on the efficiency and confidence of early warnings of landslides and floods as well as more commitment of local governments and communities to respond to warnings.
FLORESTA, 2010
O Centro-Oeste brasileiro era extensivamente coberto por fitofisionomias de Savanas até o final d... more O Centro-Oeste brasileiro era extensivamente coberto por fitofisionomias de Savanas até o final da década de 1970, quando se iniciaram amplas transformações, devido à expansão da fronteira agrícola e modernização da agricultura, que promoveram desmatamento intensivo e rápido. A vegetação que resta hoje se encontra na forma de fragmentos, os quais podem sofrer vários efeitos que podem levar à diminuição ou desaparecimento de espécies. As mudanças ocorridas em uma paisagem podem ser estudadas pelos métodos da Ecologia da Paisagem, por meio da avaliação de índices ou métricas para caracterização quantitativa, permitindo também comparar paisagens, identificar diferenças e determinar relações entre os processos funcionais e os padrões dessas paisagens. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a estrutura da paisagem na alta bacia do rio Araguaia, em cinco épocas (1977, 1989, 1997, 2002 e 2006) para avaliar o seu padrão de fragmentação ao longo do tempo após desmatamento intenso. Os resulta...
Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Management of Emergent Digital EcoSystems - MEDES '13, 2013
ABSTRACT The increasing figures of natural disasters and related human and material losses repres... more ABSTRACT The increasing figures of natural disasters and related human and material losses represent a major challenge to be faced by the Brazilian government, the scientific community and civil society all together. Landslides and floods resulting from climatic extremes have been associated not only to global climatic changes, but mostly due to the increase of population vulnerability and the lack of effective mitigation actions. Core governmental responses to mitigate such losses include the creation of operational centers for disaster monitoring and management -- Cemaden (National Early Warning and Monitoring Centre of Natural Disasters) and CENAD (Centro Nacional de Gerenciamento de Riscos e Desastres). The establishment of these institutions associated with investments to map risky areas are key to implement landslides and floods monitoring systems. Despite significant investments, the implementation of such natural disaster monitoring systems depend much on cooperative actions among organizations and entities from different sectors of the society. The main objective of this work is to present the challenges and perspectives of innovative digital ecosystems designed to effectively monitor, warn and respond to natural disasters related to landslides and floods in Brazil. The several methodologies adopted make use of technical, scientific and empirical knowledge to establish a rain gauge network of 1400 automatic pluviometers and 1100 semiautomatic pluviometers, distributed in more than 800 municipalities defined as priority ones by the Brazilian National Plan of Risk Management and Response to Natural Disasters. Pilot projects of landslides monitoring systems are also included in the methodology in key municipalities where the number of human losses has been significant in recent disasters. In order to develop such challenging methodologies, Cemaden has worked together with the Center for Information Technology Renato Archer (CTI), CENAD, a number of research institutions, the private sector, local and regional governments and non-governmental organizations as well as the civil society. The combination of different types of knowledge, technological approaches and levels of interaction to population under risk of such a variety of organizations shall configure a collective intelligence able to improve the efficiency and confidence of early warnings of landslides and floods, as well as to promote further commitment of local governments and communities to respond to warnings.
Este trabalho apresenta a metodologia de processamento de imagens-NDVI e fatiamento-utilizada na ... more Este trabalho apresenta a metodologia de processamento de imagens-NDVI e fatiamento-utilizada na identificação e delimitação de áreas queimadas em uma região do Pantanal, município de Corumbá. A partir do processamento de imagens CCD-CBERS foram estabelecidos os principais fatores que possibilitam a discriminação de queimadas em relação a outros tipos de alterações na região. O método empregado mostrou-se satisfatório, apontando uma área queimada de 6018 hectares entre os dias 18/07/2006 e 13/08/2006. O modelo apresentou uma dificuldade maior de discriminação quando o alvo imageado é água, necessitando de ajustes a partir de outras fontes de informação.
marte.dpi.inpe.br
This paper describes the results from the analysis of two systematic data sources on land use and... more This paper describes the results from the analysis of two systematic data sources on land use and coverage in order to use as input in LUCC modeling. Data from MODIS Global Land Cover and PRODES Digital (Amazon Monitoring Project) were analysed under their parameters which are interesting to dynamic spatial modeling. Due to the variability of MODIS data and its low concordance (Kappa test) to PRODES data-which were confirmed in ground truth survey-the second one showed to be better as input data to dynamic spatial models on Amazon.
Anais XII Simpósio …, 2005
In this article we discuss the utilization of aerial survey as alternative to high resolution sat... more In this article we discuss the utilization of aerial survey as alternative to high resolution satellite images for the identification of permanent preservation areas. An aerial survey carried on a 16 km2, in Mineiros, Goiás, Brazil, was used to evaluate the efficiency of the material for detailed description of riparian areas. It proved to be a useful tool for preliminary identification, especially when costs are limiting. Distortions on the final mosaic were observed. Mosaic interpretation was used to build a GIS with land use, ownership, and permanent preservation area information.
Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento de fotografias aéreas de baixa altitude... more Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento de fotografias aéreas de baixa altitude e pequeno formato (FAPF) em regiões previamente selecionadas dentro estado do Mato Grosso, em outubro de 2007, visando registrar a ocorrência de queimadas e criar um catálogo digital dessas fotografias. As fotografias foram coletadas com a aeronave do INPE, e posteriormente catalogadas, e estão disponíveis na Internet (http://pirandira.cptec.inpe.br/queimadas/catalogo/catalogo.htm). Do total de 1373 fotografias, 1180 apresentam informações úteis que podem ser aplicadas diretamente nos estudos de validação. A continuação do trabalho deverá contemplar o mosaico e georreferenciamento dessas fotografias, e as análises de validação dos focos de queimadas produzidos pelo INPE. ABSTRACT: The objective of this work was to survey areas with occurrences of vegetation fires using small-format low-altitude aerial photography of previously selected regions in the state of Mato Grosso, in order to cr...
The knowledge of urban flood risk areas associated with the rural environmental register database... more The knowledge of urban flood risk areas associated with the rural environmental register database allows to identify where small rivers begins. This article combines and assesses the risk prone areas with headwaters and proposes actions. The goal of this work was to evaluate the relationships between flood risk and the environmental conditions of headwaters (both in preserved, consolidated areas and to be reforested) of 10 municipalities in the Paraiba Valley, previously mapped by the Institute of Technological Research (IPT). The results showed that, for the municipalities evaluated, 10,324 headwaters were registered and, for all municipalities the quantity of preserved areas is higher in comparison with the consolidated areas. Furthermore, there is a lack of vegetation restoration project in rivers that causes flooding in the studied municipalities, even after changes in the Brazilian Forest Code. These results provide valuable information to the local institutions that conduct ac...
Sustainability in Debate, 2021
The São Paulo Macro Metropolis (MMP) is a geographical arrangement that brings together the most ... more The São Paulo Macro Metropolis (MMP) is a geographical arrangement that brings together the most significant Brazilian socioeconomic figures and faces numerous challenges, such as heavy pressure on natural resources. Through compilation, spatialization and cross-referencing of data, this work assessed time series of land use and land cover of the last decades, the water supply status in an urban environment and climate data projection for MMP. Municipalities with different profiles were identified: those with positive final balances and those with negative final balances about the maintenance of their natural areas. Furthermore, more than half of the municipalities of the MMP have low water supply assurance, which can be aggravated due to climate change, as predicted in several climate models. The characterization of municipalities based on this information allowed identifying which of them are the most vulnerable, and these results indicate paths for coordinated actions at local an...
Sustentabilidade em Debate, 2020
As políticas públicas de auxílio financeiro para ações de resposta a desastres são um tema pouco ... more As políticas públicas de auxílio financeiro para ações de resposta a desastres são um tema pouco estudado. Neste artigo analisaram-se informações extraídas das bases de dados dos decretos de Situação de Emergência e Estado de Calamidade Pública e dos custos de socorro e resposta a desastres no Brasil, no período 2013-2017, a partir de suas distribuições espaço-temporal. Os custos de socorro e resposta a desastres são também utilizados em uma análise cruzada com indicadores municipais, como o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDHM) e o Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) per capita. Identificou-se que os gastos excederam R$ 800 milhões. As defesas civis estaduais responderam pela maior parte dos recursos utilizados (76,4%). Em um universo de 564 municípios que utilizaram o auxílio financeiro via Cartão de Pagamento de Defesa Civil, constatou-se a concentração de 40% dos recursos em 30 defesas civis municipais, algumas das quais em municípios com alto IDHM e PIB per capita.
Sustainability, 2020
The São Paulo Macro Metropolis (SPMM) is one of the richest and most inequitable regions of the G... more The São Paulo Macro Metropolis (SPMM) is one of the richest and most inequitable regions of the Global South and is already experiencing the impacts of severe climate events. This study analyzes climate risk assessments and policy responses for this territory as well as its vulnerabilities. The Index of Vulnerability to Natural Disasters related to Droughts in the Context of Climate Change (IVDNS—acronym in Portuguese) was used to identify and select the most vulnerable municipalities in the SPMM. Following vulnerability analysis, the municipalities were subjected to risk analysis in the context of existing Brazilian legislation. The results indicate that, despite having positive capacities to respond to climate change, the analyzed municipalities are far from advancing from the status quo or taking the actions that are necessary to face future challenges in a climate emergency scenario. The results indicate that, despite being the most vulnerable to droughts and natural disasters, ...
Ambiente & Sociedade, 2020
This article addresses regional inequalities about critical healthcare infrastructure for coping ... more This article addresses regional inequalities about critical healthcare infrastructure for coping with the COVID-19, based on geospatial analysis and compartmental modeling (SEIR). The study sites were the São Paulo Macro Metropolis (MMP) and the Metropolitan Region of Vale do Paraíba/Litoral Norte (RMVPLN). The results indicated the absence of ICU beds in more than 2/3 of the municipalities, in addition to the concentration in regional hubs, for which the migration of COVID-19 cases from neighboring municipalities should be considered. The analysis with the SEIR model, performed for scenarios with and without social isolation, showed that the isolation adopted in the regions was able to postpone the collapse of the health infrastructure, reducing the reproduction rate of the disease. The simulations indicated a reproduction rate of 0.95 in order to avoid collapse in the health infrastructure for RMVPLN in the analyzed period. In addition, for future resilience, it is essential to ad...
Ambiente & Sociedade, 2020
One of the benefits of forest and reforestation is linked to the erosion control and reduction of... more One of the benefits of forest and reforestation is linked to the erosion control and reduction of the amount of sediments suspended in water. This study proposes a methodology for Payments for Ecosystem Services associated to these benefits in 24 water supply watersheds, under influence of the Paraíba do Sul River Basin Environmental Protected Area, in Brazil. In order to estimate the water resources protection through the reforestation, the current scenario was compared to a hypothetical scenario, in which degraded pasture are replaced by forest. The avoided soil erosion could reach around 40t.ha-1.yr-1. Reforestation can avoid expenditures in water treatment, sludge disposal and dredging around USD 7.8 million per year. Annual values for PES range from USD 6 to 3,014 per hectare of reforested area. The results highlight the importance of valuing the benefits of the ecosystem services rescued.
urbe. Revista Brasileira de Gestão Urbana, 2018
Resumo A partir do conhecimento das áreas de risco de inundação urbana e do banco de dados do cad... more Resumo A partir do conhecimento das áreas de risco de inundação urbana e do banco de dados do cadastro ambiental rural, que permite conhecer a localização das nascentes de cursos d’água, o artigo associa e avalia as áreas de risco e nascentes, propondo ações no âmbito das informações geradas. O estudo abrangeu 10 municípios da região do Vale do Paraíba, mapeados pelo Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas (IPT), com risco de inundação e a situação das nascentes (áreas preservadas, consolidadas e a serem recompostas). Os resultados revelaram, para os municípios avaliados, que 10.324 nascentes foram cadastradas e, para todos os municípios, a quantidade de áreas preservadas é superior em relação às consolidadas. Além disso, há carência de projeto de recomposição da vegetação em nascentes de cursos d’água causadores de inundação nos municípios estudados, mesmo após alterações no Código Florestal. Tais informações podem ser utilizadas para subsidiar instituições locais, que atuam na reveget...
Revista Percursos, 2017
Áreas verdes e risco de desastres nas eleições municipais de 2016: propostas de candidatos em mun... more Áreas verdes e risco de desastres nas eleições municipais de 2016: propostas de candidatos em municípios paulistas e catarinenses Resumo A manutenção da vegetação no âmbito municipal é fundamental para a redução de riscos de desastres e para a manutenção do equilíbrio ambiental. Nesse contexto, avaliamos propostas de candidatos que concorreram às eleições municipais de 2016, em municípios dos estados de São Paulo e Santa Catarina monitorados quanto ao risco de desastres socioambientais. Para tanto, verificamos se os candidatos de dez municípios (cinco de cada estado), consideraram em suas propostas os seguintes temas: i) importância das áreas verdes na melhoria das condições ambientais das cidades; ii) interesse em fiscalizar áreas de risco; iii) regularização urbana, no contexto da redução de risco e conservação de áreas verdes municipais. Os resultados mostram que os candidatos reconhecem a importância da vegetação, a exemplo do aumento da permeabilidade do solo e proteção dos recursos hídricos. Por outro lado, a fiscalização, para evitar a formação de áreas de risco e a degradação da vegetação, foi apresentada em menos da metade das propostas. A regularização de áreas continua a ser um problema, pois a maior parte dos candidatos pretende realizá-la, independente dos riscos e problemas futuros que possa causar aos moradores e ao poder público. Além disso, há escassa participação de mulheres nos pleitos eleitorais municipais analisados.
2013 Fifth International Conference on Geo-Information Technologies for Natural Disaster Management, 2013
Population growth in urban areas drives people vulnerability to natural disasters, especially in ... more Population growth in urban areas drives people vulnerability to natural disasters, especially in emergent economies like Brazil. The existing automatic pluviometric network is insufficient to provide enough information to monitor and prevent deaths due to landslides and floods in 821 municipalities defined as priority ones in the Brazilian National Plan of Risk Management and Response to Natural Disasters, implemented in 2012. Therefore, aiming to support early warning and monitoring systems and make available near-real time rain data, the National Early Warning and Monitoring Centre of Natural Disasters (Cemaden) has carried out an integrative institutional project to acquire and identify optimal places to install 1400 automatic pluviometers in risk areas of landslides and/or floods, already mapped in more than 350 Brazilian municipalities where existing network is scarce. Using geo-information techniques, the methodology included a deficit analysis to estimate the needed number of pluviometers per municipality. These estimates were used in a cooperative action between Cemaden and institutions at state and municipality levels, especially municipality governments and their civil defenses. A number of technical meetings and fieldwork training were done in 14 from the 27 Brazilian Federal Units in several municipalities to promote the project. Cemaden developed a dedicated web database where the institutions' representatives were able to supply detailed information of suitable sites to install pluviometers inside or nearby risk areas, based on their empirical knowledge of local characteristics. The results so far are very promising as 1, 500 locations have been filled since March 2013, and around 600 were chosen as optimal installation sites using spatial analysis. As the pluviometers installations take place, we expect a significant improvement on the efficiency and confidence of early warnings of landslides and floods as well as more commitment of local governments and communities to respond to warnings.
FLORESTA, 2010
O Centro-Oeste brasileiro era extensivamente coberto por fitofisionomias de Savanas até o final d... more O Centro-Oeste brasileiro era extensivamente coberto por fitofisionomias de Savanas até o final da década de 1970, quando se iniciaram amplas transformações, devido à expansão da fronteira agrícola e modernização da agricultura, que promoveram desmatamento intensivo e rápido. A vegetação que resta hoje se encontra na forma de fragmentos, os quais podem sofrer vários efeitos que podem levar à diminuição ou desaparecimento de espécies. As mudanças ocorridas em uma paisagem podem ser estudadas pelos métodos da Ecologia da Paisagem, por meio da avaliação de índices ou métricas para caracterização quantitativa, permitindo também comparar paisagens, identificar diferenças e determinar relações entre os processos funcionais e os padrões dessas paisagens. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a estrutura da paisagem na alta bacia do rio Araguaia, em cinco épocas (1977, 1989, 1997, 2002 e 2006) para avaliar o seu padrão de fragmentação ao longo do tempo após desmatamento intenso. Os resulta...
Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Management of Emergent Digital EcoSystems - MEDES '13, 2013
ABSTRACT The increasing figures of natural disasters and related human and material losses repres... more ABSTRACT The increasing figures of natural disasters and related human and material losses represent a major challenge to be faced by the Brazilian government, the scientific community and civil society all together. Landslides and floods resulting from climatic extremes have been associated not only to global climatic changes, but mostly due to the increase of population vulnerability and the lack of effective mitigation actions. Core governmental responses to mitigate such losses include the creation of operational centers for disaster monitoring and management -- Cemaden (National Early Warning and Monitoring Centre of Natural Disasters) and CENAD (Centro Nacional de Gerenciamento de Riscos e Desastres). The establishment of these institutions associated with investments to map risky areas are key to implement landslides and floods monitoring systems. Despite significant investments, the implementation of such natural disaster monitoring systems depend much on cooperative actions among organizations and entities from different sectors of the society. The main objective of this work is to present the challenges and perspectives of innovative digital ecosystems designed to effectively monitor, warn and respond to natural disasters related to landslides and floods in Brazil. The several methodologies adopted make use of technical, scientific and empirical knowledge to establish a rain gauge network of 1400 automatic pluviometers and 1100 semiautomatic pluviometers, distributed in more than 800 municipalities defined as priority ones by the Brazilian National Plan of Risk Management and Response to Natural Disasters. Pilot projects of landslides monitoring systems are also included in the methodology in key municipalities where the number of human losses has been significant in recent disasters. In order to develop such challenging methodologies, Cemaden has worked together with the Center for Information Technology Renato Archer (CTI), CENAD, a number of research institutions, the private sector, local and regional governments and non-governmental organizations as well as the civil society. The combination of different types of knowledge, technological approaches and levels of interaction to population under risk of such a variety of organizations shall configure a collective intelligence able to improve the efficiency and confidence of early warnings of landslides and floods, as well as to promote further commitment of local governments and communities to respond to warnings.
Este trabalho apresenta a metodologia de processamento de imagens-NDVI e fatiamento-utilizada na ... more Este trabalho apresenta a metodologia de processamento de imagens-NDVI e fatiamento-utilizada na identificação e delimitação de áreas queimadas em uma região do Pantanal, município de Corumbá. A partir do processamento de imagens CCD-CBERS foram estabelecidos os principais fatores que possibilitam a discriminação de queimadas em relação a outros tipos de alterações na região. O método empregado mostrou-se satisfatório, apontando uma área queimada de 6018 hectares entre os dias 18/07/2006 e 13/08/2006. O modelo apresentou uma dificuldade maior de discriminação quando o alvo imageado é água, necessitando de ajustes a partir de outras fontes de informação.
marte.dpi.inpe.br
This paper describes the results from the analysis of two systematic data sources on land use and... more This paper describes the results from the analysis of two systematic data sources on land use and coverage in order to use as input in LUCC modeling. Data from MODIS Global Land Cover and PRODES Digital (Amazon Monitoring Project) were analysed under their parameters which are interesting to dynamic spatial modeling. Due to the variability of MODIS data and its low concordance (Kappa test) to PRODES data-which were confirmed in ground truth survey-the second one showed to be better as input data to dynamic spatial models on Amazon.
Anais XII Simpósio …, 2005
In this article we discuss the utilization of aerial survey as alternative to high resolution sat... more In this article we discuss the utilization of aerial survey as alternative to high resolution satellite images for the identification of permanent preservation areas. An aerial survey carried on a 16 km2, in Mineiros, Goiás, Brazil, was used to evaluate the efficiency of the material for detailed description of riparian areas. It proved to be a useful tool for preliminary identification, especially when costs are limiting. Distortions on the final mosaic were observed. Mosaic interpretation was used to build a GIS with land use, ownership, and permanent preservation area information.
Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento de fotografias aéreas de baixa altitude... more Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento de fotografias aéreas de baixa altitude e pequeno formato (FAPF) em regiões previamente selecionadas dentro estado do Mato Grosso, em outubro de 2007, visando registrar a ocorrência de queimadas e criar um catálogo digital dessas fotografias. As fotografias foram coletadas com a aeronave do INPE, e posteriormente catalogadas, e estão disponíveis na Internet (http://pirandira.cptec.inpe.br/queimadas/catalogo/catalogo.htm). Do total de 1373 fotografias, 1180 apresentam informações úteis que podem ser aplicadas diretamente nos estudos de validação. A continuação do trabalho deverá contemplar o mosaico e georreferenciamento dessas fotografias, e as análises de validação dos focos de queimadas produzidos pelo INPE. ABSTRACT: The objective of this work was to survey areas with occurrences of vegetation fires using small-format low-altitude aerial photography of previously selected regions in the state of Mato Grosso, in order to cr...