Demetrios Lekkas - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Demetrios Lekkas
Epistēmēs Metron Logos, Jan 24, 2023
Epistēmēs Metron Logos
This paper follows an interdisciplinary approach through at least three disciplines, i.e. logic, ... more This paper follows an interdisciplinary approach through at least three disciplines, i.e. logic, ontology and sociology (of expertise). Its aim is to provide a useful tool for the fields related to the study of expertise to demarcate the various scientific fields. In the process several issues are also addressed; issues such as causation and negation that are equally important for this discussion but current literature does not and maybe cannot cover.
Arhe, Mar 3, 2022
Is "science" the corresponding concept of its Greek progenitor, epistēmē? Traditionally, they wer... more Is "science" the corresponding concept of its Greek progenitor, epistēmē? Traditionally, they were thought of as identical concepts. They are not, in more than one way, and the reader is called to evaluate them not based on their chronological order but on the specific systemic characteristics presented here. The crucial difference between the epistemonic (from epistēmē) method and the scientific method will also be presented. One of the main differences that will be discussed is related to logic, both as a concept and as a theory. What the authors present here is by no means a synthesis of past ideas; we do acknowledge that some similar ideas might have appeared in the past but never in the form presented here or within the system proposed in what follows. This work is not about who did not say whatever we propose or who might have some similar thoughts within some irrelevant context. All ideas here stem from original work done solely by us and the ensuing system is unique and of utmost important being also an external critiquethe only truly external critiqueto the institution of modern science and to the grave inconsistencies "scientists" cannot (for whatever reason) notice in it anymore.
Epistēmēs Metron Logos, 2022
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the natural appropriateness of the English-drilled an... more The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the natural appropriateness of the English-drilled and fingered recorder for playing and teaching the basic archetypal movable intervallic structures of Byzantine chant and Islamic art music. The approach lies in the following steps: i. reference to key epistemological features of the research conducted in this quest, ii. historical and functional identification of the said basic structures, by tracing their common central primary diatonic modal cell: the “spondeiac hexachord”; this is achieved by combining historical and systemic considerations; iii. direct attribution of their genesis to the drilling of primary flutes; iv. integral structural synthesis and exposition of both systems and their primary evolution as generated by the spondeiac hexachord; v. identification of the precise drilling and fingering scheme involved, with special focus on the Islamic nāy and the English recorder; vi. arguments underlining the superiority of the mode...
Arhe
The study of expertise has focused on the concept of specialization and specialists, both from a ... more The study of expertise has focused on the concept of specialization and specialists, both from a sociological and a biological perspective. It has been taken for granted that expertise concerns only specialization; even an individual characterized as a “polymath” or homo universalis is considered to be an expert specialist in many fields. Can expert specialists in many fields exist today? This question is deceitful or irrelevant since it cannot accommodate the concept of individuals who are neither specialists nor “poly-specialists”, but have knowledge of a different level: not analytic, but, rather, synthetic and abstract stemming out from general surveillance, not from specific experience. Here, a new type of expert is proposed: a contributory expert generalist. Their necessity stems from the methodology of epistēmē proper. Their characteristics will be identified and discussed, some empirical examples will be given and their expert status is going to be discussed using various th...
Epistēmēs Metron Logos
In this paper we attempt a good unearthing, sound tackling and effective pointing out of the crit... more In this paper we attempt a good unearthing, sound tackling and effective pointing out of the critical key features permeating one of the two cornerstones supporting the total coordination and interplay underlying the complex epistemonic and scientific method: and that would be the constituent methodology concisely known under the cover name “analytic method”. In this attempt, however, it becomes evident very soon that the direct similarities, reciprocities and complementarities to the other cornerstone, concisely known as “abstractive method”, must also be laid out concurrently; the two share the same needs and behaviours, while they must also be mutually disambiguated and framed in inner consistencies and mutual contrast, to assert proper theoretical coverage, fruitful application and mutual impermeability overall.Thus, both of them end up being discussed in parallel. To that end, simple and intuitively appealing proposals are sought, expressed and projected, regarding their key at...
Epistēmēs Metron Logos
The paper starts with an ultra-compact deposition on the two ubiquitouscomplementary dual pairwis... more The paper starts with an ultra-compact deposition on the two ubiquitouscomplementary dual pairwise organized methodological proceduresof episteme, i.e. the analytic method (analysis – synthesis)& the abstract process (abstraction – structure). Next, the authors examinesome ground rules and concepts pervading causality and inference andtheir junctions, attempting to discriminate between information flow inempiricism and theoretical causality of proof; only then is a connectionbetween them attempted and investigated. In the authors’ effort to establisha consistent theoretical outlook, if not approach, the technique of logicalinversions is also used as a partial yet powerful guide elucidating how successfultheir attempts were. Apart from clarifying some opaque concepts inlogic, in set theory and in the staple empiricism of science, this paper alsosets the stage for questioning whether some grave flaws could be locatedin traditional, save ill-founded, notions in hardcore science, on occ...
Epistēmēs Metron Logos
Summary In 1670, the new ballet comedy The middle-class gentleman (Le bourgeoisgentilhomme) premi... more Summary In 1670, the new ballet comedy The middle-class gentleman (Le bourgeoisgentilhomme) premiered at the theatre of the French palace before “theSun King” Louis XIV, on a text by Molière with music by Lully, hispermanent collaborator. Both were acting on stage. Since then, no one hasraised the question who is the real punching bag of the play’s aggression.The present author decided to research towards understanding it, in orderto compose new music responsibly for a performance at the MunicipalRegional Theatre of Crete, an island paradoxically connected directly withthe initial impetus behind the play’s composition. By studying historicalsources, events, linking the circumstances and analyzing in depth the textfrom a fresh viewpoint with emphasis on certain scenes, he concludedthat the target of the playwright’s merciless hard satire was the originalcomposer of the music for the play, because the two of them had entereda period of deep clash for personal, financial and legal diff...
Epistēmēs Metron Logos
The purpose of this paper is to study the theoretical outcome of an aliquot equidistant fingering... more The purpose of this paper is to study the theoretical outcome of an aliquot equidistant fingering / fretting pattern on a string, within standard formality, a. by stating and proving a theorem expressing the exact resulting intervallic structure mathematically –a set of interval ratios between adjacent terms of a mirrored arithmetic sequence, b. by pursuing the complete mathematical properties of this structure, c. by discussing its various applications, with emphasis put on drillings on flutes, d. by calling upon practice in order to spot actual historical manifestations of the theorem and its discussion, e. by hypothesizing the rôle of the particular conditions implicit in the theorem towards the historical emergence and evolution of two primeval prototypes of the most prominent and universally disseminated intonational systems / “ur-scales”: an anhemitonic pentatonic one ([C, D, E¼↑, G, A+]) and the lower fifth of a “smooth” heptatonic one ([D, E¼↓, F+, G, A+]).
Epistēmēs Metron Logos
In this work, we undertake the task of laying out some basic considerations towards straightening... more In this work, we undertake the task of laying out some basic considerations towards straightening out the foundations of an abstract logical system. We venture to explain what theory is as well as what is not theory, to discriminate between the roles of truth in theory and in reality, as well as to open the road towards clarifying the relationship between theory and the real world. Etymological, cultural and conceptual analyses of truth are brought forth in order to reveal problems in modern approaches and to set the stage for more consistent solutions. One such problem addressed here is related to negation per se, to its asymmetry towards affirmative statements and to the essential ramifications of this duality with respect to the common perceptual and linguistic aspects of words indicating concepts akin to truth in various languages and to attitudes reflected and perpetuated in them and to their consequent use in attempted informal or formal logic and its understanding. Finally, a...
Epistēmēs Metron Logos
In this work, we undertake the task of laying out some basic considerations towards straightening... more In this work, we undertake the task of laying out some basic considerations towards straightening out the foundations of an abstract logical system. We venture to explain what theory is as well as what is not theory, to discriminate between the roles of truth in theory and in reality, as well as to open the road towards clarifying the relationship between theory and the real world. Etymological, cultural and conceptual analyses of truth are brought forth in order to reveal problems in modern approaches and to set the stage for more consistent solutions. One such problem addressed here is related to negation per se, to its asymmetry towards affirmative statements and to the essential ramifications of this duality with respect to the common perceptual and linguistic aspects of words indicating concepts akin to truth in various languages and to attitudes reflected and perpetuated in them and to their consequent use in attempted informal or formal logic and its understanding. Finally, a...
Other materials by Demetrios Lekkas
The forthcoming special issue of Epistēmēs Metron Logos will be dedicated to the study of the sou... more The forthcoming special issue of Epistēmēs Metron Logos will be dedicated to the study of the sounds of language in ancient Greece (ca. 1200 B.C. ‒ ca. A.D. 500), in all its aspects: pronunciation and enunciation, phonetics and phonology, prosody and duration, pitch and accents, musical aspects, intonation, orality and the representation of sounds in script. Emphasis will be given to questions of methodology and epistemology, such as research tools, theories, and experimental techniques for the reconstruction and analysis of Greek pronunciation in antiquity; the history of scholarship on the sound of Greek; different tendencies and schools of research and their approaches; and the practical use of methods and theories to elucidate particular questions posed by empirical data, or to fill the gaps left by the lack of materials. Papers which combine theoretical background with the examination of case studies will be most welcome.
In particular, the questions treated in the papers of the issue may include the following (but note that the list is neither exhaustive nor restrictive):
‒ The reconstruction of the sounds of Greek in antiquity: phonetics and phonology, pitch, melodic and dynamic accents, intonation, duration and prosody, orality and aurality.
‒ Poetic and musical exploitation of the sound of language: metres and verses, music and melody, sound effects, echomimesis.
‒ Regional and dialectical variation: different dialects of Greek in antiquity and their peculiar phonetics. “Geography” of phonologies, groupings of kindred phonologies in adjacent areas, regional dichotomies (“north-south”, “east-west”, “mainland-islands” etc.) in the distribution of the various phonologies over the Greek landscape.
‒ The relation of language sound and script. Different versions of the Greek alphabet and the conventions used for the transcription of phonemes. Fidelity and infidelity of the alphabetic scripts as to the representation of sounds. Written signs with multiple phonetic values, phonemes represented by more than one sign.
‒ The use of present-day Greek pronunciation for the reconstruction of Greek phonetics in antiquity. In particular, the value of the modern dialects and their peculiar phonologies for the study of the ancient material. Relations between the modern and the ancient distribution of phonological/dialectical peculiarities.
‒ Comparative issues: the value of other languages as parallel/comparative material for the study and analysis of Greek phonetics and prosody. Indo-European heritage, local pre-Hellenic substrata, and their contribution to the formation of the soundscape of Greek in antiquity.
‒ Experimental methods and tools for the study of the phonetics and prosody of Greek in antiquity. Use of computer technology, sound laboratories, statistics, acoustics and psycho-acoustics, and their epistemological value.
‒ History of scholarship and practice. Different ways of pronouncing Classical Greek that are used in the modern world; Erasmian, Byzantine and present-day Greek, and other approaches, their history, rationale, and principles, their status by comparison to ascertainable linguistic reality.
See the full call for papers in https://ejournals.epublishing.ekt.gr/index.php/episteme/announcement/view/284.
Epistēmēs Metron Logos, Jan 24, 2023
Epistēmēs Metron Logos
This paper follows an interdisciplinary approach through at least three disciplines, i.e. logic, ... more This paper follows an interdisciplinary approach through at least three disciplines, i.e. logic, ontology and sociology (of expertise). Its aim is to provide a useful tool for the fields related to the study of expertise to demarcate the various scientific fields. In the process several issues are also addressed; issues such as causation and negation that are equally important for this discussion but current literature does not and maybe cannot cover.
Arhe, Mar 3, 2022
Is "science" the corresponding concept of its Greek progenitor, epistēmē? Traditionally, they wer... more Is "science" the corresponding concept of its Greek progenitor, epistēmē? Traditionally, they were thought of as identical concepts. They are not, in more than one way, and the reader is called to evaluate them not based on their chronological order but on the specific systemic characteristics presented here. The crucial difference between the epistemonic (from epistēmē) method and the scientific method will also be presented. One of the main differences that will be discussed is related to logic, both as a concept and as a theory. What the authors present here is by no means a synthesis of past ideas; we do acknowledge that some similar ideas might have appeared in the past but never in the form presented here or within the system proposed in what follows. This work is not about who did not say whatever we propose or who might have some similar thoughts within some irrelevant context. All ideas here stem from original work done solely by us and the ensuing system is unique and of utmost important being also an external critiquethe only truly external critiqueto the institution of modern science and to the grave inconsistencies "scientists" cannot (for whatever reason) notice in it anymore.
Epistēmēs Metron Logos, 2022
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the natural appropriateness of the English-drilled an... more The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the natural appropriateness of the English-drilled and fingered recorder for playing and teaching the basic archetypal movable intervallic structures of Byzantine chant and Islamic art music. The approach lies in the following steps: i. reference to key epistemological features of the research conducted in this quest, ii. historical and functional identification of the said basic structures, by tracing their common central primary diatonic modal cell: the “spondeiac hexachord”; this is achieved by combining historical and systemic considerations; iii. direct attribution of their genesis to the drilling of primary flutes; iv. integral structural synthesis and exposition of both systems and their primary evolution as generated by the spondeiac hexachord; v. identification of the precise drilling and fingering scheme involved, with special focus on the Islamic nāy and the English recorder; vi. arguments underlining the superiority of the mode...
Arhe
The study of expertise has focused on the concept of specialization and specialists, both from a ... more The study of expertise has focused on the concept of specialization and specialists, both from a sociological and a biological perspective. It has been taken for granted that expertise concerns only specialization; even an individual characterized as a “polymath” or homo universalis is considered to be an expert specialist in many fields. Can expert specialists in many fields exist today? This question is deceitful or irrelevant since it cannot accommodate the concept of individuals who are neither specialists nor “poly-specialists”, but have knowledge of a different level: not analytic, but, rather, synthetic and abstract stemming out from general surveillance, not from specific experience. Here, a new type of expert is proposed: a contributory expert generalist. Their necessity stems from the methodology of epistēmē proper. Their characteristics will be identified and discussed, some empirical examples will be given and their expert status is going to be discussed using various th...
Epistēmēs Metron Logos
In this paper we attempt a good unearthing, sound tackling and effective pointing out of the crit... more In this paper we attempt a good unearthing, sound tackling and effective pointing out of the critical key features permeating one of the two cornerstones supporting the total coordination and interplay underlying the complex epistemonic and scientific method: and that would be the constituent methodology concisely known under the cover name “analytic method”. In this attempt, however, it becomes evident very soon that the direct similarities, reciprocities and complementarities to the other cornerstone, concisely known as “abstractive method”, must also be laid out concurrently; the two share the same needs and behaviours, while they must also be mutually disambiguated and framed in inner consistencies and mutual contrast, to assert proper theoretical coverage, fruitful application and mutual impermeability overall.Thus, both of them end up being discussed in parallel. To that end, simple and intuitively appealing proposals are sought, expressed and projected, regarding their key at...
Epistēmēs Metron Logos
The paper starts with an ultra-compact deposition on the two ubiquitouscomplementary dual pairwis... more The paper starts with an ultra-compact deposition on the two ubiquitouscomplementary dual pairwise organized methodological proceduresof episteme, i.e. the analytic method (analysis – synthesis)& the abstract process (abstraction – structure). Next, the authors examinesome ground rules and concepts pervading causality and inference andtheir junctions, attempting to discriminate between information flow inempiricism and theoretical causality of proof; only then is a connectionbetween them attempted and investigated. In the authors’ effort to establisha consistent theoretical outlook, if not approach, the technique of logicalinversions is also used as a partial yet powerful guide elucidating how successfultheir attempts were. Apart from clarifying some opaque concepts inlogic, in set theory and in the staple empiricism of science, this paper alsosets the stage for questioning whether some grave flaws could be locatedin traditional, save ill-founded, notions in hardcore science, on occ...
Epistēmēs Metron Logos
Summary In 1670, the new ballet comedy The middle-class gentleman (Le bourgeoisgentilhomme) premi... more Summary In 1670, the new ballet comedy The middle-class gentleman (Le bourgeoisgentilhomme) premiered at the theatre of the French palace before “theSun King” Louis XIV, on a text by Molière with music by Lully, hispermanent collaborator. Both were acting on stage. Since then, no one hasraised the question who is the real punching bag of the play’s aggression.The present author decided to research towards understanding it, in orderto compose new music responsibly for a performance at the MunicipalRegional Theatre of Crete, an island paradoxically connected directly withthe initial impetus behind the play’s composition. By studying historicalsources, events, linking the circumstances and analyzing in depth the textfrom a fresh viewpoint with emphasis on certain scenes, he concludedthat the target of the playwright’s merciless hard satire was the originalcomposer of the music for the play, because the two of them had entereda period of deep clash for personal, financial and legal diff...
Epistēmēs Metron Logos
The purpose of this paper is to study the theoretical outcome of an aliquot equidistant fingering... more The purpose of this paper is to study the theoretical outcome of an aliquot equidistant fingering / fretting pattern on a string, within standard formality, a. by stating and proving a theorem expressing the exact resulting intervallic structure mathematically –a set of interval ratios between adjacent terms of a mirrored arithmetic sequence, b. by pursuing the complete mathematical properties of this structure, c. by discussing its various applications, with emphasis put on drillings on flutes, d. by calling upon practice in order to spot actual historical manifestations of the theorem and its discussion, e. by hypothesizing the rôle of the particular conditions implicit in the theorem towards the historical emergence and evolution of two primeval prototypes of the most prominent and universally disseminated intonational systems / “ur-scales”: an anhemitonic pentatonic one ([C, D, E¼↑, G, A+]) and the lower fifth of a “smooth” heptatonic one ([D, E¼↓, F+, G, A+]).
Epistēmēs Metron Logos
In this work, we undertake the task of laying out some basic considerations towards straightening... more In this work, we undertake the task of laying out some basic considerations towards straightening out the foundations of an abstract logical system. We venture to explain what theory is as well as what is not theory, to discriminate between the roles of truth in theory and in reality, as well as to open the road towards clarifying the relationship between theory and the real world. Etymological, cultural and conceptual analyses of truth are brought forth in order to reveal problems in modern approaches and to set the stage for more consistent solutions. One such problem addressed here is related to negation per se, to its asymmetry towards affirmative statements and to the essential ramifications of this duality with respect to the common perceptual and linguistic aspects of words indicating concepts akin to truth in various languages and to attitudes reflected and perpetuated in them and to their consequent use in attempted informal or formal logic and its understanding. Finally, a...
Epistēmēs Metron Logos
In this work, we undertake the task of laying out some basic considerations towards straightening... more In this work, we undertake the task of laying out some basic considerations towards straightening out the foundations of an abstract logical system. We venture to explain what theory is as well as what is not theory, to discriminate between the roles of truth in theory and in reality, as well as to open the road towards clarifying the relationship between theory and the real world. Etymological, cultural and conceptual analyses of truth are brought forth in order to reveal problems in modern approaches and to set the stage for more consistent solutions. One such problem addressed here is related to negation per se, to its asymmetry towards affirmative statements and to the essential ramifications of this duality with respect to the common perceptual and linguistic aspects of words indicating concepts akin to truth in various languages and to attitudes reflected and perpetuated in them and to their consequent use in attempted informal or formal logic and its understanding. Finally, a...
The forthcoming special issue of Epistēmēs Metron Logos will be dedicated to the study of the sou... more The forthcoming special issue of Epistēmēs Metron Logos will be dedicated to the study of the sounds of language in ancient Greece (ca. 1200 B.C. ‒ ca. A.D. 500), in all its aspects: pronunciation and enunciation, phonetics and phonology, prosody and duration, pitch and accents, musical aspects, intonation, orality and the representation of sounds in script. Emphasis will be given to questions of methodology and epistemology, such as research tools, theories, and experimental techniques for the reconstruction and analysis of Greek pronunciation in antiquity; the history of scholarship on the sound of Greek; different tendencies and schools of research and their approaches; and the practical use of methods and theories to elucidate particular questions posed by empirical data, or to fill the gaps left by the lack of materials. Papers which combine theoretical background with the examination of case studies will be most welcome.
In particular, the questions treated in the papers of the issue may include the following (but note that the list is neither exhaustive nor restrictive):
‒ The reconstruction of the sounds of Greek in antiquity: phonetics and phonology, pitch, melodic and dynamic accents, intonation, duration and prosody, orality and aurality.
‒ Poetic and musical exploitation of the sound of language: metres and verses, music and melody, sound effects, echomimesis.
‒ Regional and dialectical variation: different dialects of Greek in antiquity and their peculiar phonetics. “Geography” of phonologies, groupings of kindred phonologies in adjacent areas, regional dichotomies (“north-south”, “east-west”, “mainland-islands” etc.) in the distribution of the various phonologies over the Greek landscape.
‒ The relation of language sound and script. Different versions of the Greek alphabet and the conventions used for the transcription of phonemes. Fidelity and infidelity of the alphabetic scripts as to the representation of sounds. Written signs with multiple phonetic values, phonemes represented by more than one sign.
‒ The use of present-day Greek pronunciation for the reconstruction of Greek phonetics in antiquity. In particular, the value of the modern dialects and their peculiar phonologies for the study of the ancient material. Relations between the modern and the ancient distribution of phonological/dialectical peculiarities.
‒ Comparative issues: the value of other languages as parallel/comparative material for the study and analysis of Greek phonetics and prosody. Indo-European heritage, local pre-Hellenic substrata, and their contribution to the formation of the soundscape of Greek in antiquity.
‒ Experimental methods and tools for the study of the phonetics and prosody of Greek in antiquity. Use of computer technology, sound laboratories, statistics, acoustics and psycho-acoustics, and their epistemological value.
‒ History of scholarship and practice. Different ways of pronouncing Classical Greek that are used in the modern world; Erasmian, Byzantine and present-day Greek, and other approaches, their history, rationale, and principles, their status by comparison to ascertainable linguistic reality.
See the full call for papers in https://ejournals.epublishing.ekt.gr/index.php/episteme/announcement/view/284.