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Papers by Demissie Fenta

Research paper thumbnail of Pattern of Metabolic Syndrome in Relation to Gender among Type-II DM Patients in Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia

Health Science Journal, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of Journal of AIDS and HIV Research Change in serum lipid profiles and glucose after switching from stavudine/lamivudine to zidovudine/lamivudine in non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors based anti-retroviral regimens in Southern Ethiopia

Data concerning any difference in serum lipid profiles and glucose level after patients switched ... more Data concerning any difference in serum lipid profiles and glucose level after patients switched from stavudine to zidovudine in Ethiopia is very limited. Seventy eight adults receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) that included stavudine/lamivudine with either of efavirenz or nevirapine during ART initiation were enrolled. Of these patients, 53 were switched to zidovudine/lamivudine/nevirapine (NVP-group) and the rest 25 were switched to zidovudine/lamivudine/efavirenz (EFV-group). Serum lipid profiles and glucose were determined after overnight fasting. Dyslipidemia and dysglycaemia were assessed according to the United State National Cholesterol Education program-III guideline. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 20. Of the 78 patients, 39.7% were males and 60.3% were females. At the end of the study follow-up, the prevalence of TC ≥ 200 mg/dl, LDL-c ≥ 130 mg/dl, TG ≥ 150 mg/dl, HDL-c < 40 mg/dl and glucose ≥ 110 mg/dl wer...

Research paper thumbnail of High Gastrointestinal Colonization Rate of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci among Hospitalized Patients: Potential Source for Resistant Gene

International Journal of Microbiology, Jan 7, 2024

Research paper thumbnail of Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at Hawassa University comprehensive specialized and Yirgalem General Hospitals, in Southern Ethiopia

BMC Infectious Diseases, Dec 1, 2019

Background: Toxoplasmosis is caused by infection with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. I... more Background: Toxoplasmosis is caused by infection with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. It is acquired by consumption of raw or undercooked meat containing tissue cyst, food or water contaminated with oocyst and congenital infection through the placenta leading to serious congenital abnormalities in the fetus like miscarriage, stillbirth, intrauterine death and neurologic defects. Therefore; this study was aimed to determine the prevalence of toxoplasmosis infection and its possible risk factors associated with pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Hawassa and Yiregalem Hospitals, Southern Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2016 to May 2017. The study was done in antenatal care clinics of Hawassa and Yiregalem Hospitals in Southern, Ethiopia. Five hundred pregnant women were interviewed with a pretested structured questionnaire to collect risk factors and socio-demographic data. Blood samples were collected and serum was separated and tested for anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies using ELISA (Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical software. The risk factors were tested for significance using Bivariate and multivariate analysis. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The weighted prevalence of this study was 81.8% for the anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibody. Almost all participants (99.6%) had no information about the disease. A significant association was observed between seroprevalence and contact with domestic cats (OR = 1.206, 95% CI (1.627-2.206, P = 0.043), consumption of raw meat (OR = 0.848, 95% CI: 1.517-2.941, P = 0.019) and unpasteurized milk (OR = 0.871, 95% CI 1.531-2.221, P = 0.032). A significant association was not observed between seroprevalence and age, history of abortion, and blood transfusion. Conclusions: The findings of this study demonstrated a relatively higher prevalence of seropositivity than studies reported from other countries. Existence of domestic cats at home, consumption of undercooked meat and unpasteurized milk were identified as risk factors for T. gondii infection. Therefore, a health education program to increase the mother's knowledge about toxoplasmosis towards avoiding eating undercooked meat, contact with cats and consumption of unpasteurized milk during pregnancy is recommended. Furthermore, our results suggested that the implementation of newborn screening and follow-up testing can lead to reducing of toxoplasmosis associated complications.

Research paper thumbnail of Magnitude and Factors Associated with Cytopenia Among Children on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy at Hawassa University College of Medicine and Health Science, Sidama Region, Southern Ethiopia

HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care

The most common abnormality in HIV-infected children is cytopenia, a hematological complication c... more The most common abnormality in HIV-infected children is cytopenia, a hematological complication characterized by a decline in any of the blood cell lines. It is associated with a higher risk of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of cytopenia among HIV-positive children on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Methods: Hospital-based cross-sectional study design was conducted on HIV-positive children on HAART from July to September 2020. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the study participants' data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Hematological parameters from the blood sample were analyzed using Ruby Cell-Dyne 300 hematology auto-analyzer. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Logistic regression was used to assess the predictors of cytopenia among the study participants. P-values of less than 0.05 are considered statistically significant. Results: Two hundred seventy-three HAART-experienced children were enrolled in this study, and 50.9% were females. At baseline, 40.7% of children were anemic. The overall magnitude of cytopenia among the study participants was 26.7%. The prevalence of anemia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia and neutropenia among children was 11.4%, 4.0%, 14.3%, and 18.3%, respectively. Patients with an undetectable viral load (AOR = 0.5, CI = 0.3-0.9) are 50% less likely to report cytopenia. HAART-experienced children living in rural areas are more likely to develop cytopenia (AOR = 2.6, CI = 1.3-5.2) than those living in urban areas. Conclusion: Hematologic abnormalities are common problems among children on highly active antiretroviral therapy. Therefore, routine investigation of hematological and immunological changes following appropriate therapeutic interventions is recommended.

Research paper thumbnail of Bacterial etiology and risk factors among newborns suspected of sepsis at Hawassa, Ethiopia

Scientific Reports, Nov 23, 2022

Neonatal sepsis is a systemic infection that occurs at an early age. Its etiology varies from one... more Neonatal sepsis is a systemic infection that occurs at an early age. Its etiology varies from one region to the other. The contribution of sepsis to neonatal mortality and morbidity is significant in resourcelimited countries; however, there is limited information about the etiology of sepsis in Sidama Regional State, Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of bacterial caused newborn sepsis, associated factors, and the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of bacteria. A hospitalbased prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 392 sepsis suspected newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from March 2021 to November 2021. Blood specimens were collected and bacteria were isolated using the standard culture method. The drug resistance profile of bacteria was evaluated using the disk diffusion method. The socio-demographic and clinical parameters of participants were gathered using a questionnaire. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the determinants of sepsis. A variable with a p < 0.05 was considered a significant determinant of neonatal sepsis with a 95% confidence level. The prevalence of sepsis caused by bacteria among newborns was 143 (36.5%); 95% CI (31.3-41.4). The predominant bacteria was Klebsiella species (n = 61; 42.65%), followed by non-lactose fermenting Gram-negative bacteria (n = 27; 18.88%) and Enterococcus species (n = 26; 18.18%). The overall proportions of antimicrobial resistance of Gram-negative bacteria range from 10.2 to 99.1%. All Klebsiella species were resistant to ceftriaxone. Ppremature rupture of membrane [AOR = 12.7 (95% CI 6.430-25.106)], absence of respiratory support [AOR = 3.53 (95% CI 1.840-6.759)], sex of newborns [AOR = 2.10 (1.214-3.560)] and reason for admission [AOR = 3.17 (95% CI 1.278-7.859)] were significantly associated with culture-confirmed neonatal sepsis. This study indicated the contribution of bacteria in causing sepsis among newborns; the majority of them were Gram-negative bacteria. Most recovered bacteria were resistant to commonly used antibiotics. Pre-term, mode of delivery and types of respiratory support were significantly associated with the occurrence of sepsis caused by bacteria. Abbreviations EOS Early onset sepsis LOS Late onset sepsis HUCSH Hawassa university comprehensive specialized hospital NICU Neonatal intensive care unit Neonatal sepsis is a systemic infection that occurs during the first ages of life 1. It is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide accounting for about 26% 2. Neonatal sepsis is broadly divided into two types according to the age of onset: Early-onset sepsis if signs and symptoms of sepsis appeared within the first seven days of life and classified as late-onset sepsis if clinical features of sepsis are presented between 7 and 90 days of age 3. In developing countries, 30-50% of neonatal mortality is attributed to sepsis. In spite of recent advances in health care, late identification and inappropriate treatment remain crucial factors causing high neonatal mortality 4. The neonatal period is the most vulnerable time for children's survival because of the immature immune system. Globally, every year about 4 million children die in the first 4 weeks of life, of which 99% of the deaths occur in low-and middle-income countries 1. Factors such as asphyxia, low birth weight, prematurity,

Research paper thumbnail of Additional file 1 of Features of Streptococcus agalactiae strains recovered from pregnant women and newborns attending different hospitals in Ethiopia

Additional file 1: Supplemental Table S1. WGS NCBI accession numbers and bioinformatics pipeline ... more Additional file 1: Supplemental Table S1. WGS NCBI accession numbers and bioinformatics pipeline details

Research paper thumbnail of Long-Term Immunological and Virological Outcomes in Children Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy at Hawassa University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Southern Ethiopia

Journal of Immunology Research, 2021

Purpose To determine immunological and virological failure and associated factors among children ... more Purpose To determine immunological and virological failure and associated factors among children infected with human immunodeficiency virus receiving antiretroviral treatments at Hawassa University Hospital, Southern Ethiopia. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 273 HIV-infected children from July 1 to December 1, 2019. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and review of patient records. Blood samples for viral load and CD4 count were collected. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Significance group comparison was done by the Kaplan-Meier log-rank test. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to select significant factors of the variability between groups. Results A total of 273 children, between the age ranges of 1 to 14 years, were included. Of these, 139 (50.9%) and 134 (49.1%) were males and females, respectively. Children from the rural area were almost five times more vulnerable for virological and immunological failure th...

Research paper thumbnail of Group B streptococci carriage rate and serotype distribution among mother newborn dyads attending Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia

Ethiopian Medical Journal, 2020

Background: Group B streptococcus (GBS) was identified as the leading cause of neonatal disease i... more Background: Group B streptococcus (GBS) was identified as the leading cause of neonatal disease in developed countries. The surrogate for early onset neonatal disease caused by GBS is rectovaginal colonization of pregnant women before delivery. In this study we sought to determine colonization rate of GBS among pregnant women and their new born, vertical transmission rate and serotype distribution at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH).Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at TASH from March 2015 to August 2015. 280 pregnant women and their newborn were screened for GBS. Isolated GBS were serotyped by using serotype specific antisera. Structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and obstetric data. Logistic regression was used to compare colonization rate obtained from pregnant women and their newborn with different risk factors. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Result: Maternal, newborn GBS colonization rate and verti...

Research paper thumbnail of Group B Streptococcus colonization rate and serotype distribution among pregnant women and their newborns at Adama Hospital Medical College, Ethiopia

Scientific Reports, 2020

Rectovaginal area of pregnant women can be colonized transiently with group B Streptococcus (GBS)... more Rectovaginal area of pregnant women can be colonized transiently with group B Streptococcus (GBS) without causing disease. The bacteria can be transmitted to the newborn before and during birth and cause early-onset neonatal disease. In this study, we aimed to determine the GBS colonization rate among pregnant women before delivery and their newborns and serotypes distribution of GBS. Two hundred-eighty pregnant women along with their newborns were screened for GBS colonization from June 2014 to October 2014 at Adama Hospital Medical College. Rectovaginal swabs from pregnant women before delivery and specimen from nasal area, external ear, umbilical cord and throat of newborns were collected and cultured. The serotyping of GBS was performed by using serotype-specific antisera. To collect sociodemographic and clinical data we employed a structured questionnaire. GBS colonization among pregnant women and their newborns were 13.2% 95% CI (8.9–17.5) and 7.4% 95% CI (4.6–10.6). Out of 37...

Research paper thumbnail of Features of Streptococcus agalactiae strains recovered from pregnant women and newborns attending different hospitals in Ethiopia

BMC Infectious Diseases, 2020

BackgroundStreptococcus agalactiae(Group B Streptococcus, GBS) serotypes, sequence types, and ant... more BackgroundStreptococcus agalactiae(Group B Streptococcus, GBS) serotypes, sequence types, and antimicrobial resistance profile vary across different geographic locations affecting disease patterns in newborns. These differences are important considerations for vaccine development efforts and data from large countries in Africa is limited. The aim of this study was to determine serotypes and genotypes of GBS isolates from pregnant women and their newborns in Ethiopia.MethodsA hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted at three hospitals in Ethiopia from June 2014 to September 2015. Out of 225 GBS isolates, 121 GBS were recovered, confirmed and characterized at CDC’s Streptococcus Laboratory using conventional microbiology methods and whole genome sequencing.ResultsOf the 121 isolates, 87 were from rectovaginal samples of pregnant women, 32 from different body parts of their newborns and 2 from blood of newborns with suspected sepsis. There were 25 mother-infant pairs and 24 p...

Research paper thumbnail of Factors Affecting Quality of Laboratory Result During Ordering, Handling, and Testing of the Patient’s Specimen at Hawassa University College of Medicine and Health Science Comprehensive Specialized Hospital

Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 2020

Background: The increase of medical laboratory test errors represents the increase of all defects... more Background: The increase of medical laboratory test errors represents the increase of all defects within the process. An error can be any defect during the entire process, from ordering to reporting. It may have negative effects on patient care, by contributing to inappropriate treatment, an increase in lengths of hospital stay, and dissatisfaction with healthcare services. Therefore, this study aimed to determine factors affecting the quality of laboratory results through the entire process. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Hawassa University hospital from October 2018 to May 2019. Data were collected by using structured questionnaires and checklist and entered and analyzed using SPSS version 21. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 455 individuals participated in this study. During the actual observational assessment, 72.5% of laboratory professionals identify their patients correctly and 62.5% of them label the sample before collection. In multivariate logistic regression, labeling of sample before collection (AOR=1.357, 95% CI=1.09, 1.58, P-0.017), use of unmixed (AOR=4.364, 95% CI=1.950, 20.036, P-0.049) and hemolyzed blood for testing (AOR=1.403, 95% CI=1.096, 1.692 P-0.021) were associated with laboratory test errors. The clinical service providers who requested the test believed, lack of efficient laboratory service (P=0.005), unable to use manuals (P=0.025), and incorrect interpretation of reference booklets were associated with laboratory errors. Patient residence and frequency of first and second visits of the hospital were statistically associated with laboratory errors. Conclusion: The occurrence of laboratory errors in our study was demonstrated by the distribution pattern, the preanalytical, analytical, and post-analytical steps. But changes have occurred in the types and frequencies of errors in these phases of testing by laboratory professionals, clinicians, and patients in the current study. Therefore, the hospital administrations, laboratory professionals and clinicians should work harder and closer to solve the identified problems.

Research paper thumbnail of Anemia and Related Factors Among Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Experienced Children in Hawassa Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southern Ethiopia: Emphasis on Patient Management

Drug, Healthcare and Patient Safety, 2020

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and its therapy cause a variety of hematological a... more Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and its therapy cause a variety of hematological abnormalities that have been known to be one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in HIV-positive children. One of the commonly observed hematologic manifestations in HIV-positive children is anemia and it has a multifactorial source. We intended to assess the prevalence, as well as its related factors of anemia among Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), experienced children. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was employed at Hawassa comprehensive specialized hospital from February 15-June 15, 2018. Overall, 273 HAART-practiced children were included in the study. Socio-demographic variables and clinical data were collected using a standard and pretested questionnaire. Medical records were reviewed for each study participant using a standard checklist. Blood specimens were collected and examined for complete blood count, CD4 cell count and blood film for hemoparasites and morphological classification of anemia, whereas stool specimens were collected and examined for intestinal parasites. Data were entered into Epidata and transferred to SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) version 20 software. Descriptive analysis was done for prevalence and binary and multivariate logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with anemia. Statistical significance was stated at P-value<0.05. Results: The overall prevalence of anemia in this study was 11.4%. Morphologically the predominant anemia was Normocytic Normochromic anemia which accounted for 64.5%. In the current study, children within the age group of <7years (AOR: 3, CI: 1.2-7.5, P=0.02), those who were rural residents (AOR: 2.6, CI: 1.0-6.6, P=0.042) and those with viral load >150 copies/mL (AOR: 3.4, CI: 1.36-8.3, P=0.009) were found to be significantly associated with anemia. Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia in this study was 11.4%. It was significantly associated with different factors such as age, residence and viral load. Therefore, regular follow-up management should be emphasized for HAART-experienced children. Hence, there is a need for a longitudinal study to be conducted further to explore the causes of anemia due to HIV and the pattern of hemoglobin changes with HAART-experienced children will be very important.

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of group B streptococcus among pregnant women and newborns at Hawassa University comprehensive specialized hospital, Hawassa, Ethiopia

BMC Infectious Diseases, 2019

Background: Group B streptococcus (GBS) is reported as the leading cause of neonatal sepsis and m... more Background: Group B streptococcus (GBS) is reported as the leading cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis. Newborns from GBS colonized pregnant women are at high risk of infection. Method: A Hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from November 05, 2014 to March 25, 2015. A total of 280 pregnant women along with their newborns were screened for GBS using standard method recommended by Center of Disease Control and Prevention. GBS strains were serotyped by using serotype specific antisera. A structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic, obstetrics and clinical data of pregnant women and newborns. Data was analyzed by using chi-square and logistic regression to determine factors associated with prevalence of GBS among pregnant women and newborns. Descriptive statistics was used to determine prevalence of GBS among pregnant women and newborns. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: Prevalence of GBS among pregnant women, newborns and vertical transmission rate at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital were 44(15.7%), 26(8.9%) and 59.1% respectively. Among 26 GBS colonized newborns one developed sign and symptoms of early onset disease. Serotype distribution of GBS isolates collected from pregnant women and newborns was Ia 13(18.6%), Ib 9(12.9%), II 24(34.3%), III 8(11.4%), V 14(20%), and NT 2 (2.9%). Conclusion: In our study we found relatively high prevalence of GBS among pregnant women and vertical transmission rate. The most prevalent GBS serotypes identified in this study were serotype II followed by V, Ia and Ib. Therefore, appropriate prevention strategies such as intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis and vaccine development should be considered.

Research paper thumbnail of Hematological and CD4+ T- cell count reference interval for pregnant women attending antenatal care at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa Southern Ethiopia

PLOS ONE

Background Pregnancy is a state characterized by physiological, hematological, and immunological ... more Background Pregnancy is a state characterized by physiological, hematological, and immunological changes. However, the reference intervals (RI) being used in clinical practice in Ethiopia are derived from non-local general populations. Therefore; this study was aimed to determine the reference interval of hematological and immunological profiles among healthy pregnant mothers attending Hawassa University Hospital. Methods A cross-sectional study in a total of 360 healthy pregnant women was enrolled from January to April 2019, at Hawassa University hospital. Sociodemographic and obstetric data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Blood samples collected from each participant were used to define the hematological parameters. The median and 95% intervals were calculated for the immunological and hematological profiles. P-value 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result A total of 360 healthy pregnant women were enrolled in this study. The age range of the partici...

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence, determinants, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Campylobacter infection among under-five children with diarrhea at Governmental Hospitals in Hawassa city, Sidama, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study

PLOS ONE

Background Campylobacteriosis, is a zoonotic bacterial disease observed with a rising worldwide. ... more Background Campylobacteriosis, is a zoonotic bacterial disease observed with a rising worldwide. It is becoming the most commonly recognized cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in under-five mortality in recent years. This study was done to determine the prevalence and determinants of Campylobacter infection among under-fives with acute watery diarrhea. Methods This institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted at governmental and private health institutions in Hawassa city. All outpatient under-five children who met the inclusion criteria from April 2021 to August 2021 were enrolled in this study. Demographic and clinical data were obtained using a standardized data collection tool. Stool samples were collected from each participant with a sterile container and inoculated on a campylobacter agar media. The isolates were identified by using biochemical tests and a disc diffusion technique was performed to determine the antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of the isolates. Dat...

Research paper thumbnail of Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus and Associated Factors among Health Professionals in University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

Advances in Preventive Medicine, 2019

Introduction. Hepatitis B virus infection is one of the commonest occupational risks in healthcar... more Introduction. Hepatitis B virus infection is one of the commonest occupational risks in healthcare workers. However; there is limited evidence regarding the prevalence of hepatitis in health professionals in Ethiopia. Objective. This study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of hepatitis B and associated factors in health professionals. Methods. Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among health professionals at University of Gondar Hospital from January to February, 2015. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic variables and blood sample was also taken to determine hepatitis B virus sero-status. Chi square test with 95% confidence interval (CI) was computed to assess the associations of different factors with hepatitis B infection. Result. A total of 332 health professionals (with a response rate of 92.2%) participated in the study. Most (98.5%) of health professionals were not vaccinated for hepatitis B. The prevalence of hepatitis B ...

Research paper thumbnail of The economic significance of using bagasse as a source of raw material for pulp manufacturing: a case of Ethiopia

Research paper thumbnail of Trends of Immuno-virological Response Among HIV-Infected Patients Receiving Highly Active Anti-retroviral Therapy at Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia

Clinical Medicine Research, 2015

Background: Immunological and virological response evaluation is one of a critical tool for asses... more Background: Immunological and virological response evaluation is one of a critical tool for assessing treatment outcome, regimen change and patient's management. However, data concerning any change in immunological and virological response in HIV infected patients using anti-retroviral treatment (ART) is scarce in Ethiopia. Method: This retrospective cohort study was conducted from April 2010-September 2013 at ART clinic of Hawassa University referral hospital. A total of 86 HIV-infected patients receiving Tenofovir, Stavudine and Zidovudine based regimen with either of Efavirenz or Nevirapine during ART initiation. Lamivudine is common for all. Adequate immune-virological response for most patients under treatment is defined as an increase in CD4 cells of 50-150/µl per year and viral load (VL) drops to undetectable level (<150 copies/ml) after ≥ 6 months of ART. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 20. Results: mean CD4+ cells count shows significant increment at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after ART treatment among patients having VL <5 (log10) compared to those VL ≥5 (p=0.04; 0.002; < 0.0001; 0.001) respectively. Female have insignificantly better Mean CD4+ cells throughout 24 months. Also patients over 50 years of age do show an immune response after ART initiation. But, in relative to younger patients, their CD4 cells recovery is insignificantly sluggish. CD4+ cells and body weight of concordant positive responders show significant rising trend at 6, 12, 18, 24 months when compared to discordant responders + concordant non-responders (0.

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Associated Factors among HIV Positive Adults Attending ART Clinic at Hawassa Referral Hospital, SNNPR, Ethiopia

OALib, 2015

Background: Hepatitis B and HIV infections are serious global public health problems. Among the e... more Background: Hepatitis B and HIV infections are serious global public health problems. Among the estimated 40 million persons infected with HIV worldwide, an estimated 2-4 million (5%-15%) have chronic hepatitis B virus. This co-infection is common due to shared transmission routes of the agents. In Ethiopia, even though, HBV infection is more common in HIV infected individuals, only little is known about the distribution as well as factors associated with the infection. Objective: To assess the prevalence of hepatitis B infection and associated factors among HIV positive adults attending ART clinic at

Research paper thumbnail of Pattern of Metabolic Syndrome in Relation to Gender among Type-II DM Patients in Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia

Health Science Journal, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of Journal of AIDS and HIV Research Change in serum lipid profiles and glucose after switching from stavudine/lamivudine to zidovudine/lamivudine in non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors based anti-retroviral regimens in Southern Ethiopia

Data concerning any difference in serum lipid profiles and glucose level after patients switched ... more Data concerning any difference in serum lipid profiles and glucose level after patients switched from stavudine to zidovudine in Ethiopia is very limited. Seventy eight adults receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) that included stavudine/lamivudine with either of efavirenz or nevirapine during ART initiation were enrolled. Of these patients, 53 were switched to zidovudine/lamivudine/nevirapine (NVP-group) and the rest 25 were switched to zidovudine/lamivudine/efavirenz (EFV-group). Serum lipid profiles and glucose were determined after overnight fasting. Dyslipidemia and dysglycaemia were assessed according to the United State National Cholesterol Education program-III guideline. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 20. Of the 78 patients, 39.7% were males and 60.3% were females. At the end of the study follow-up, the prevalence of TC ≥ 200 mg/dl, LDL-c ≥ 130 mg/dl, TG ≥ 150 mg/dl, HDL-c < 40 mg/dl and glucose ≥ 110 mg/dl wer...

Research paper thumbnail of High Gastrointestinal Colonization Rate of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci among Hospitalized Patients: Potential Source for Resistant Gene

International Journal of Microbiology, Jan 7, 2024

Research paper thumbnail of Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at Hawassa University comprehensive specialized and Yirgalem General Hospitals, in Southern Ethiopia

BMC Infectious Diseases, Dec 1, 2019

Background: Toxoplasmosis is caused by infection with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. I... more Background: Toxoplasmosis is caused by infection with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. It is acquired by consumption of raw or undercooked meat containing tissue cyst, food or water contaminated with oocyst and congenital infection through the placenta leading to serious congenital abnormalities in the fetus like miscarriage, stillbirth, intrauterine death and neurologic defects. Therefore; this study was aimed to determine the prevalence of toxoplasmosis infection and its possible risk factors associated with pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Hawassa and Yiregalem Hospitals, Southern Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2016 to May 2017. The study was done in antenatal care clinics of Hawassa and Yiregalem Hospitals in Southern, Ethiopia. Five hundred pregnant women were interviewed with a pretested structured questionnaire to collect risk factors and socio-demographic data. Blood samples were collected and serum was separated and tested for anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies using ELISA (Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical software. The risk factors were tested for significance using Bivariate and multivariate analysis. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The weighted prevalence of this study was 81.8% for the anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibody. Almost all participants (99.6%) had no information about the disease. A significant association was observed between seroprevalence and contact with domestic cats (OR = 1.206, 95% CI (1.627-2.206, P = 0.043), consumption of raw meat (OR = 0.848, 95% CI: 1.517-2.941, P = 0.019) and unpasteurized milk (OR = 0.871, 95% CI 1.531-2.221, P = 0.032). A significant association was not observed between seroprevalence and age, history of abortion, and blood transfusion. Conclusions: The findings of this study demonstrated a relatively higher prevalence of seropositivity than studies reported from other countries. Existence of domestic cats at home, consumption of undercooked meat and unpasteurized milk were identified as risk factors for T. gondii infection. Therefore, a health education program to increase the mother's knowledge about toxoplasmosis towards avoiding eating undercooked meat, contact with cats and consumption of unpasteurized milk during pregnancy is recommended. Furthermore, our results suggested that the implementation of newborn screening and follow-up testing can lead to reducing of toxoplasmosis associated complications.

Research paper thumbnail of Magnitude and Factors Associated with Cytopenia Among Children on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy at Hawassa University College of Medicine and Health Science, Sidama Region, Southern Ethiopia

HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care

The most common abnormality in HIV-infected children is cytopenia, a hematological complication c... more The most common abnormality in HIV-infected children is cytopenia, a hematological complication characterized by a decline in any of the blood cell lines. It is associated with a higher risk of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of cytopenia among HIV-positive children on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Methods: Hospital-based cross-sectional study design was conducted on HIV-positive children on HAART from July to September 2020. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the study participants' data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Hematological parameters from the blood sample were analyzed using Ruby Cell-Dyne 300 hematology auto-analyzer. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Logistic regression was used to assess the predictors of cytopenia among the study participants. P-values of less than 0.05 are considered statistically significant. Results: Two hundred seventy-three HAART-experienced children were enrolled in this study, and 50.9% were females. At baseline, 40.7% of children were anemic. The overall magnitude of cytopenia among the study participants was 26.7%. The prevalence of anemia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia and neutropenia among children was 11.4%, 4.0%, 14.3%, and 18.3%, respectively. Patients with an undetectable viral load (AOR = 0.5, CI = 0.3-0.9) are 50% less likely to report cytopenia. HAART-experienced children living in rural areas are more likely to develop cytopenia (AOR = 2.6, CI = 1.3-5.2) than those living in urban areas. Conclusion: Hematologic abnormalities are common problems among children on highly active antiretroviral therapy. Therefore, routine investigation of hematological and immunological changes following appropriate therapeutic interventions is recommended.

Research paper thumbnail of Bacterial etiology and risk factors among newborns suspected of sepsis at Hawassa, Ethiopia

Scientific Reports, Nov 23, 2022

Neonatal sepsis is a systemic infection that occurs at an early age. Its etiology varies from one... more Neonatal sepsis is a systemic infection that occurs at an early age. Its etiology varies from one region to the other. The contribution of sepsis to neonatal mortality and morbidity is significant in resourcelimited countries; however, there is limited information about the etiology of sepsis in Sidama Regional State, Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of bacterial caused newborn sepsis, associated factors, and the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of bacteria. A hospitalbased prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 392 sepsis suspected newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from March 2021 to November 2021. Blood specimens were collected and bacteria were isolated using the standard culture method. The drug resistance profile of bacteria was evaluated using the disk diffusion method. The socio-demographic and clinical parameters of participants were gathered using a questionnaire. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the determinants of sepsis. A variable with a p < 0.05 was considered a significant determinant of neonatal sepsis with a 95% confidence level. The prevalence of sepsis caused by bacteria among newborns was 143 (36.5%); 95% CI (31.3-41.4). The predominant bacteria was Klebsiella species (n = 61; 42.65%), followed by non-lactose fermenting Gram-negative bacteria (n = 27; 18.88%) and Enterococcus species (n = 26; 18.18%). The overall proportions of antimicrobial resistance of Gram-negative bacteria range from 10.2 to 99.1%. All Klebsiella species were resistant to ceftriaxone. Ppremature rupture of membrane [AOR = 12.7 (95% CI 6.430-25.106)], absence of respiratory support [AOR = 3.53 (95% CI 1.840-6.759)], sex of newborns [AOR = 2.10 (1.214-3.560)] and reason for admission [AOR = 3.17 (95% CI 1.278-7.859)] were significantly associated with culture-confirmed neonatal sepsis. This study indicated the contribution of bacteria in causing sepsis among newborns; the majority of them were Gram-negative bacteria. Most recovered bacteria were resistant to commonly used antibiotics. Pre-term, mode of delivery and types of respiratory support were significantly associated with the occurrence of sepsis caused by bacteria. Abbreviations EOS Early onset sepsis LOS Late onset sepsis HUCSH Hawassa university comprehensive specialized hospital NICU Neonatal intensive care unit Neonatal sepsis is a systemic infection that occurs during the first ages of life 1. It is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide accounting for about 26% 2. Neonatal sepsis is broadly divided into two types according to the age of onset: Early-onset sepsis if signs and symptoms of sepsis appeared within the first seven days of life and classified as late-onset sepsis if clinical features of sepsis are presented between 7 and 90 days of age 3. In developing countries, 30-50% of neonatal mortality is attributed to sepsis. In spite of recent advances in health care, late identification and inappropriate treatment remain crucial factors causing high neonatal mortality 4. The neonatal period is the most vulnerable time for children's survival because of the immature immune system. Globally, every year about 4 million children die in the first 4 weeks of life, of which 99% of the deaths occur in low-and middle-income countries 1. Factors such as asphyxia, low birth weight, prematurity,

Research paper thumbnail of Additional file 1 of Features of Streptococcus agalactiae strains recovered from pregnant women and newborns attending different hospitals in Ethiopia

Additional file 1: Supplemental Table S1. WGS NCBI accession numbers and bioinformatics pipeline ... more Additional file 1: Supplemental Table S1. WGS NCBI accession numbers and bioinformatics pipeline details

Research paper thumbnail of Long-Term Immunological and Virological Outcomes in Children Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy at Hawassa University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Southern Ethiopia

Journal of Immunology Research, 2021

Purpose To determine immunological and virological failure and associated factors among children ... more Purpose To determine immunological and virological failure and associated factors among children infected with human immunodeficiency virus receiving antiretroviral treatments at Hawassa University Hospital, Southern Ethiopia. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 273 HIV-infected children from July 1 to December 1, 2019. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and review of patient records. Blood samples for viral load and CD4 count were collected. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Significance group comparison was done by the Kaplan-Meier log-rank test. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to select significant factors of the variability between groups. Results A total of 273 children, between the age ranges of 1 to 14 years, were included. Of these, 139 (50.9%) and 134 (49.1%) were males and females, respectively. Children from the rural area were almost five times more vulnerable for virological and immunological failure th...

Research paper thumbnail of Group B streptococci carriage rate and serotype distribution among mother newborn dyads attending Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia

Ethiopian Medical Journal, 2020

Background: Group B streptococcus (GBS) was identified as the leading cause of neonatal disease i... more Background: Group B streptococcus (GBS) was identified as the leading cause of neonatal disease in developed countries. The surrogate for early onset neonatal disease caused by GBS is rectovaginal colonization of pregnant women before delivery. In this study we sought to determine colonization rate of GBS among pregnant women and their new born, vertical transmission rate and serotype distribution at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH).Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at TASH from March 2015 to August 2015. 280 pregnant women and their newborn were screened for GBS. Isolated GBS were serotyped by using serotype specific antisera. Structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and obstetric data. Logistic regression was used to compare colonization rate obtained from pregnant women and their newborn with different risk factors. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Result: Maternal, newborn GBS colonization rate and verti...

Research paper thumbnail of Group B Streptococcus colonization rate and serotype distribution among pregnant women and their newborns at Adama Hospital Medical College, Ethiopia

Scientific Reports, 2020

Rectovaginal area of pregnant women can be colonized transiently with group B Streptococcus (GBS)... more Rectovaginal area of pregnant women can be colonized transiently with group B Streptococcus (GBS) without causing disease. The bacteria can be transmitted to the newborn before and during birth and cause early-onset neonatal disease. In this study, we aimed to determine the GBS colonization rate among pregnant women before delivery and their newborns and serotypes distribution of GBS. Two hundred-eighty pregnant women along with their newborns were screened for GBS colonization from June 2014 to October 2014 at Adama Hospital Medical College. Rectovaginal swabs from pregnant women before delivery and specimen from nasal area, external ear, umbilical cord and throat of newborns were collected and cultured. The serotyping of GBS was performed by using serotype-specific antisera. To collect sociodemographic and clinical data we employed a structured questionnaire. GBS colonization among pregnant women and their newborns were 13.2% 95% CI (8.9–17.5) and 7.4% 95% CI (4.6–10.6). Out of 37...

Research paper thumbnail of Features of Streptococcus agalactiae strains recovered from pregnant women and newborns attending different hospitals in Ethiopia

BMC Infectious Diseases, 2020

BackgroundStreptococcus agalactiae(Group B Streptococcus, GBS) serotypes, sequence types, and ant... more BackgroundStreptococcus agalactiae(Group B Streptococcus, GBS) serotypes, sequence types, and antimicrobial resistance profile vary across different geographic locations affecting disease patterns in newborns. These differences are important considerations for vaccine development efforts and data from large countries in Africa is limited. The aim of this study was to determine serotypes and genotypes of GBS isolates from pregnant women and their newborns in Ethiopia.MethodsA hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted at three hospitals in Ethiopia from June 2014 to September 2015. Out of 225 GBS isolates, 121 GBS were recovered, confirmed and characterized at CDC’s Streptococcus Laboratory using conventional microbiology methods and whole genome sequencing.ResultsOf the 121 isolates, 87 were from rectovaginal samples of pregnant women, 32 from different body parts of their newborns and 2 from blood of newborns with suspected sepsis. There were 25 mother-infant pairs and 24 p...

Research paper thumbnail of Factors Affecting Quality of Laboratory Result During Ordering, Handling, and Testing of the Patient’s Specimen at Hawassa University College of Medicine and Health Science Comprehensive Specialized Hospital

Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 2020

Background: The increase of medical laboratory test errors represents the increase of all defects... more Background: The increase of medical laboratory test errors represents the increase of all defects within the process. An error can be any defect during the entire process, from ordering to reporting. It may have negative effects on patient care, by contributing to inappropriate treatment, an increase in lengths of hospital stay, and dissatisfaction with healthcare services. Therefore, this study aimed to determine factors affecting the quality of laboratory results through the entire process. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Hawassa University hospital from October 2018 to May 2019. Data were collected by using structured questionnaires and checklist and entered and analyzed using SPSS version 21. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 455 individuals participated in this study. During the actual observational assessment, 72.5% of laboratory professionals identify their patients correctly and 62.5% of them label the sample before collection. In multivariate logistic regression, labeling of sample before collection (AOR=1.357, 95% CI=1.09, 1.58, P-0.017), use of unmixed (AOR=4.364, 95% CI=1.950, 20.036, P-0.049) and hemolyzed blood for testing (AOR=1.403, 95% CI=1.096, 1.692 P-0.021) were associated with laboratory test errors. The clinical service providers who requested the test believed, lack of efficient laboratory service (P=0.005), unable to use manuals (P=0.025), and incorrect interpretation of reference booklets were associated with laboratory errors. Patient residence and frequency of first and second visits of the hospital were statistically associated with laboratory errors. Conclusion: The occurrence of laboratory errors in our study was demonstrated by the distribution pattern, the preanalytical, analytical, and post-analytical steps. But changes have occurred in the types and frequencies of errors in these phases of testing by laboratory professionals, clinicians, and patients in the current study. Therefore, the hospital administrations, laboratory professionals and clinicians should work harder and closer to solve the identified problems.

Research paper thumbnail of Anemia and Related Factors Among Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Experienced Children in Hawassa Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southern Ethiopia: Emphasis on Patient Management

Drug, Healthcare and Patient Safety, 2020

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and its therapy cause a variety of hematological a... more Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and its therapy cause a variety of hematological abnormalities that have been known to be one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in HIV-positive children. One of the commonly observed hematologic manifestations in HIV-positive children is anemia and it has a multifactorial source. We intended to assess the prevalence, as well as its related factors of anemia among Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), experienced children. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was employed at Hawassa comprehensive specialized hospital from February 15-June 15, 2018. Overall, 273 HAART-practiced children were included in the study. Socio-demographic variables and clinical data were collected using a standard and pretested questionnaire. Medical records were reviewed for each study participant using a standard checklist. Blood specimens were collected and examined for complete blood count, CD4 cell count and blood film for hemoparasites and morphological classification of anemia, whereas stool specimens were collected and examined for intestinal parasites. Data were entered into Epidata and transferred to SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) version 20 software. Descriptive analysis was done for prevalence and binary and multivariate logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with anemia. Statistical significance was stated at P-value<0.05. Results: The overall prevalence of anemia in this study was 11.4%. Morphologically the predominant anemia was Normocytic Normochromic anemia which accounted for 64.5%. In the current study, children within the age group of <7years (AOR: 3, CI: 1.2-7.5, P=0.02), those who were rural residents (AOR: 2.6, CI: 1.0-6.6, P=0.042) and those with viral load >150 copies/mL (AOR: 3.4, CI: 1.36-8.3, P=0.009) were found to be significantly associated with anemia. Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia in this study was 11.4%. It was significantly associated with different factors such as age, residence and viral load. Therefore, regular follow-up management should be emphasized for HAART-experienced children. Hence, there is a need for a longitudinal study to be conducted further to explore the causes of anemia due to HIV and the pattern of hemoglobin changes with HAART-experienced children will be very important.

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of group B streptococcus among pregnant women and newborns at Hawassa University comprehensive specialized hospital, Hawassa, Ethiopia

BMC Infectious Diseases, 2019

Background: Group B streptococcus (GBS) is reported as the leading cause of neonatal sepsis and m... more Background: Group B streptococcus (GBS) is reported as the leading cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis. Newborns from GBS colonized pregnant women are at high risk of infection. Method: A Hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from November 05, 2014 to March 25, 2015. A total of 280 pregnant women along with their newborns were screened for GBS using standard method recommended by Center of Disease Control and Prevention. GBS strains were serotyped by using serotype specific antisera. A structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic, obstetrics and clinical data of pregnant women and newborns. Data was analyzed by using chi-square and logistic regression to determine factors associated with prevalence of GBS among pregnant women and newborns. Descriptive statistics was used to determine prevalence of GBS among pregnant women and newborns. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: Prevalence of GBS among pregnant women, newborns and vertical transmission rate at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital were 44(15.7%), 26(8.9%) and 59.1% respectively. Among 26 GBS colonized newborns one developed sign and symptoms of early onset disease. Serotype distribution of GBS isolates collected from pregnant women and newborns was Ia 13(18.6%), Ib 9(12.9%), II 24(34.3%), III 8(11.4%), V 14(20%), and NT 2 (2.9%). Conclusion: In our study we found relatively high prevalence of GBS among pregnant women and vertical transmission rate. The most prevalent GBS serotypes identified in this study were serotype II followed by V, Ia and Ib. Therefore, appropriate prevention strategies such as intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis and vaccine development should be considered.

Research paper thumbnail of Hematological and CD4+ T- cell count reference interval for pregnant women attending antenatal care at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa Southern Ethiopia

PLOS ONE

Background Pregnancy is a state characterized by physiological, hematological, and immunological ... more Background Pregnancy is a state characterized by physiological, hematological, and immunological changes. However, the reference intervals (RI) being used in clinical practice in Ethiopia are derived from non-local general populations. Therefore; this study was aimed to determine the reference interval of hematological and immunological profiles among healthy pregnant mothers attending Hawassa University Hospital. Methods A cross-sectional study in a total of 360 healthy pregnant women was enrolled from January to April 2019, at Hawassa University hospital. Sociodemographic and obstetric data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Blood samples collected from each participant were used to define the hematological parameters. The median and 95% intervals were calculated for the immunological and hematological profiles. P-value 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result A total of 360 healthy pregnant women were enrolled in this study. The age range of the partici...

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence, determinants, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Campylobacter infection among under-five children with diarrhea at Governmental Hospitals in Hawassa city, Sidama, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study

PLOS ONE

Background Campylobacteriosis, is a zoonotic bacterial disease observed with a rising worldwide. ... more Background Campylobacteriosis, is a zoonotic bacterial disease observed with a rising worldwide. It is becoming the most commonly recognized cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in under-five mortality in recent years. This study was done to determine the prevalence and determinants of Campylobacter infection among under-fives with acute watery diarrhea. Methods This institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted at governmental and private health institutions in Hawassa city. All outpatient under-five children who met the inclusion criteria from April 2021 to August 2021 were enrolled in this study. Demographic and clinical data were obtained using a standardized data collection tool. Stool samples were collected from each participant with a sterile container and inoculated on a campylobacter agar media. The isolates were identified by using biochemical tests and a disc diffusion technique was performed to determine the antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of the isolates. Dat...

Research paper thumbnail of Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus and Associated Factors among Health Professionals in University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

Advances in Preventive Medicine, 2019

Introduction. Hepatitis B virus infection is one of the commonest occupational risks in healthcar... more Introduction. Hepatitis B virus infection is one of the commonest occupational risks in healthcare workers. However; there is limited evidence regarding the prevalence of hepatitis in health professionals in Ethiopia. Objective. This study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of hepatitis B and associated factors in health professionals. Methods. Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among health professionals at University of Gondar Hospital from January to February, 2015. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic variables and blood sample was also taken to determine hepatitis B virus sero-status. Chi square test with 95% confidence interval (CI) was computed to assess the associations of different factors with hepatitis B infection. Result. A total of 332 health professionals (with a response rate of 92.2%) participated in the study. Most (98.5%) of health professionals were not vaccinated for hepatitis B. The prevalence of hepatitis B ...

Research paper thumbnail of The economic significance of using bagasse as a source of raw material for pulp manufacturing: a case of Ethiopia

Research paper thumbnail of Trends of Immuno-virological Response Among HIV-Infected Patients Receiving Highly Active Anti-retroviral Therapy at Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia

Clinical Medicine Research, 2015

Background: Immunological and virological response evaluation is one of a critical tool for asses... more Background: Immunological and virological response evaluation is one of a critical tool for assessing treatment outcome, regimen change and patient's management. However, data concerning any change in immunological and virological response in HIV infected patients using anti-retroviral treatment (ART) is scarce in Ethiopia. Method: This retrospective cohort study was conducted from April 2010-September 2013 at ART clinic of Hawassa University referral hospital. A total of 86 HIV-infected patients receiving Tenofovir, Stavudine and Zidovudine based regimen with either of Efavirenz or Nevirapine during ART initiation. Lamivudine is common for all. Adequate immune-virological response for most patients under treatment is defined as an increase in CD4 cells of 50-150/µl per year and viral load (VL) drops to undetectable level (<150 copies/ml) after ≥ 6 months of ART. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 20. Results: mean CD4+ cells count shows significant increment at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after ART treatment among patients having VL <5 (log10) compared to those VL ≥5 (p=0.04; 0.002; < 0.0001; 0.001) respectively. Female have insignificantly better Mean CD4+ cells throughout 24 months. Also patients over 50 years of age do show an immune response after ART initiation. But, in relative to younger patients, their CD4 cells recovery is insignificantly sluggish. CD4+ cells and body weight of concordant positive responders show significant rising trend at 6, 12, 18, 24 months when compared to discordant responders + concordant non-responders (0.

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Associated Factors among HIV Positive Adults Attending ART Clinic at Hawassa Referral Hospital, SNNPR, Ethiopia

OALib, 2015

Background: Hepatitis B and HIV infections are serious global public health problems. Among the e... more Background: Hepatitis B and HIV infections are serious global public health problems. Among the estimated 40 million persons infected with HIV worldwide, an estimated 2-4 million (5%-15%) have chronic hepatitis B virus. This co-infection is common due to shared transmission routes of the agents. In Ethiopia, even though, HBV infection is more common in HIV infected individuals, only little is known about the distribution as well as factors associated with the infection. Objective: To assess the prevalence of hepatitis B infection and associated factors among HIV positive adults attending ART clinic at