Demisu Zenbaba - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Demisu Zenbaba

International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2019

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) accounts for almost 90% of all pregnancies compli... more Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) accounts for almost 90% of all pregnancies complicated by diabetes. Its prevalence in the Indian population ranges from 5.5% to 11.5 %.Methods: The present study was undertaken to assess the incidence of GDM among antenatal mothers admitted in Goa Medical College for a period of 18 months and also to study the risk factors associated with GDM amongst such cases.Results: Present study revealed that among 7717 antenatal mothers who were admitted and delivered in our Hospital, 424 women were diagnosed with GDM. Of these women diagnosed with GDM, almost one third were in the age group of 31- 35 years (35.8%); 56.2 % of these women were multigravidas. Advancing maternal age, rising parity, obesity, family history of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and past history of GDM were among the risk factors found to be significantly associated with GDM.Conclusions: The incidence of GDM in present study population was 5.49%. Advancing maternal age, maternal o...

Background: Hand washing remains a key measure for intercepting the dispatch of the Coronavirus d... more Background: Hand washing remains a key measure for intercepting the dispatch of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). However, hand washing must be perpetuated properly using soap and water for at least 20 seconds. In response to the current COVID-19 pandemic, various hospitals have imposed mandatory hand washing to everyone prior entering the facilities, and when leaving. This study aimed to assess the hand washing compliance among visitors of a university referral hospital. Methods: A non-participatory observational study was conducted in the main entrance of the hospital from April 27 to May 3, 2020, to measure hand washing compliance of its visitors. The quality of hand washing was assessed via direct observation for compliance with the recommended World Health Organization (WHO) core steps. Data were collected using Open Data Kit (ODK) mobile application. Results: A total of 1,282 hospital visitors were observed, of which 874(68.2%) were males. Full hand washing compliances were ...

BackgroundUnsafe disposal of children’s stool makes children susceptible to fecal-oral diseases a... more BackgroundUnsafe disposal of children’s stool makes children susceptible to fecal-oral diseases and children remain vulnerable till the stools of all children are disposed of safely. There is a paucity of data on spatial distribution and factors associated with unsafe child stool disposal in Ethiopia. Previous estimates, however, do not include information regarding individual and community-level factors associated with unsafe child stool disposal. Hence, the current study aimed (i) to explore the spatial distribution and (ii) to identify factors associated with unsafe child stool disposal in Ethiopia.MethodsA secondary data analysis was conducted using the recent 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey data. A total of 4145 children aged 0–23 months with their mother were included in this analysis. The Getis-Ord spatial statistical tool was used to identify high and low hotspots areas of unsafe child stool disposal. The Bernoulli model was applied using Kilduff SaTScan version...

INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing, 2021

Facility-based delivery service is recognized as intermediation to reduce complications during de... more Facility-based delivery service is recognized as intermediation to reduce complications during delivery. Current struggles to reduce maternal mortality in low-and-middle income countries, including Ethiopia, primarily focus on deploying skilled birth attendants and upgrading emergency obstetric care services. This study was designed to assess utilization of health facility–based delivery service and associated factors among mothers who gave birth in the past 2 years in Gindhir District, Southeast Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted in Gindhir District from March 1 to 30, 2020, among 736 randomly selected mothers who gave birth in the past 2 years. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the study participants and a pretested, structured questionnaire was used to collect data through face-to-face interviews. The collected data were managed and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Of the 736 mothers interviewed, 609 (82.7%), 95% CI: 80.1, 85.5%...

Journal of Parasitology Research

Background. Globally, around 1.9 million people were dying due to food-borne diseases annually, a... more Background. Globally, around 1.9 million people were dying due to food-borne diseases annually, and intestinal parasites infected one-third of the population, according to estimates and more prevalent in developing countries due to poverty. This study assessed predictors of intestinal parasites among food handlers working in Goba towns. Methods. A laboratory-based cross-sectional study was conducted from October to December 2020. Clean, dry, and leak-proof stool cups were used to collect the samples. The SPSS version 20 computer software was used to enter and clean the data, code it, and analyze it. The researchers performed binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses, with a p value of 0.05 considered significant. Result. A total of 98 (34%) of the 288 food workers tested positive for various intestinal parasites. Giardia lamblia was the most common parasite, with 42 (14.6%), followed by Entamoeba histolytica/dispar with 31 (10.8%), Ascaris lumbricoides with 8 (2.8%), Tae...

HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care, 2022

Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen failure is linked to an increased risk of diseas... more Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen failure is linked to an increased risk of disease progression and death, while early detection of ART failure can help to prevent the development of resistance. This study aimed to evaluate virological and immunological ART failure and predictors among HIV-positive adult and adolescent clients in southeast Ethiopia. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was implemented from January 2016 to November 30, 2020; all HIV-positive nave patients on follow-up during the study period from four hospitals were included. Virological and immunological treatment failure was the primary outcome of the study. Cox proportional hazards regression models were employed for analysis. Hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals were reported and variables with p-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant predictors of treatment failure. Results: A total of 641 HIV patients' charts were reviewed, 62.6% of the study participants were females. Of the total study participants, 18.4% and 15% developed virological and immunological ART regimen treatment failure respectively. The median time to virological failure was 40 months. WHO stage IV [AHR = 4.616; 95%

Tropical Medicine and Health, 2021

Introduction The new coronavirus disease 2019 is an emerging respiratory disease caused by the hi... more Introduction The new coronavirus disease 2019 is an emerging respiratory disease caused by the highly contagious novel coronavirus which has currently overwhelmed the world. Realizing a comprehensive set of infection prevention measures is a key to minimize the spread of this virus and its impacts in all healthcare settings. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the compliance towards COVID-19 preventive measures and associated factors among health professionals in selected public hospitals, southeast Ethiopia. Methods A descriptive hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 660 health professionals in public hospitals of southeast Ethiopia from October 1 to 31, 2020. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were collected by interview using structured and pretested questionnaires. Ordinary logistic regression modeling was used to estimate the crude and adjusted odds ratio. To declare the statistical significance of factors as...

Risk Management and Healthcare Policy

Background: Incomplete vaccination can put children at greater risk of acquiring vaccinepreventab... more Background: Incomplete vaccination can put children at greater risk of acquiring vaccinepreventable diseases. In Ethiopia, vaccination coverage against vaccine-preventable diseases is still a significant and persistent public health challenge. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the determinants of incomplete childhood vaccination among children aged 12-23 months in Gindhir District, Southeast Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based unmatched case-control design was employed among children aged 12-23 months from 1 to 28 February 2020. A total of 254 cases and 508 controls were included using the stratified random sampling technique. Cases included children aged 12-23 months who missed at least one dose of the routine vaccination, and controls were the children with complete vaccination with all required doses. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify the independent factors for children's incomplete vaccination status. Results: Of all assessed determinants, maternal knowledge about vaccination (AOR=0.50, 95% CI: 0.31, 0.80), educational status (AOR=2.61, 95% CI: 1.19, 5.67), average monthly income (AOR=0.33, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.77), model family (AOR = 2.50, 95% CI: 1.51, 4.14), taking TT vaccine (AOR= 0.45 95% CI: 0.29, 0.78), number of under five children (AOR= 4.90 95% CI: 1.72, 13.93) and birth order (AOR= 6.33, 95% CI: 1.89, 14.87) were found to have statistically significant association with childhood incomplete vaccination. Conclusion: In this study, the mother's education, model family, birth order, average monthly income, and knowledge were some of the independent determinants of incomplete childhood vaccination. Improving maternal knowledge, income, and educational status should be the expectable measure to reduce incomplete vaccination.

The Scientific World Journal

Background. In this globalized and high-tech era, the computer has become an integral part of dai... more Background. In this globalized and high-tech era, the computer has become an integral part of daily life. A constant use of computer for 3 hours and more per day can cause computer vision syndrome (CVS), which is one of the leading occupational hazards of the 21st century. The visual difficulties are the most common health problems associated with excessive computer use. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of CVS among instructors working in Ethiopian universities. Methods. A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 university instructors in Ethiopia from February 02 to March 24, 2021. A structured and self-administered questionnaire prepared by Google Forms was shared among instructors through their e-mail addresses, Facebook, and Telegram accounts. Data cleanup and cross-checking were done before analysis using SPSS version 23. A multivariable logistic regression was applied to identify factors associated with CVS using p valu...

BMJ Open

ObjectivesIn order to maximise the prevention of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) and antimicr... more ObjectivesIn order to maximise the prevention of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial resistance, data on the incidence of HAIs are crucial. In Ethiopia, data about the occurrence of HAIs among hospitalised paediatric patients are lacking. We aim to determine the incidence and risk factors of HAIs among paediatric patients in Ethiopia.DesignA prospective cohort study.SettingA teaching hospital in southeast Ethiopia.Participants448 hospitalised paediatric patients admitted between 1 November 2018 and 30 June 2019.Primary and secondary outcome measuresIncidence and risk factors of hospital-acquired infections.ResultsA total of 448 paediatric patients were followed for 3227 patient days. The median age of the patients was 8 months (IQR: 2–26 months). The incidence rate of HAIs was 17.7 per 1000 paediatric days of follow-up; while the overall cumulative incidence was 12.7% (95% CI 9.8% to 15.8%) over 8 months. Children who stayed greater than 6 days in the hospital (med...

Advances in Public Health

Introduction. In Ethiopia, infection prevention to protect patients, healthcare workers, and visi... more Introduction. In Ethiopia, infection prevention to protect patients, healthcare workers, and visitors from healthcare-acquired infections is one of a number of nationwide transformational initiatives to ensure the provision of quality healthcare services. The aim of this research was to assess the practice of healthcare workers regarding infection prevention and its associated factors in Bale zone Hospitals. Methods. A cross-sectional study targeted 402 healthcare workers using simple random sampling to learn about their practices related to infection prevention. Data were collected in interviews using pretested, structured questionnaires. Returned questionnaires were checked for completeness and then data were entered into a database and analyzed using SPSS Version 20. Adjusted odd ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval was calculated to determine the strength of association, and variables with a p value <0.05 in the final model were considered as statistically significant. ...

Original Article , 2021

BACkgRounD: Childhood diarrhea is the major contributor to the deaths of children under the age o... more BACkgRounD: Childhood diarrhea is the major contributor to the deaths of children under the age of 5 years in Ethiopia, but evidence at the national level to identify the contributing factors associated with diarrhea by considering the clustering effects is limited. Hence, this study aimed to identify factors associated with childhood diarrhea at the individual and community levels. METhoDS: A secondary data analysis was conducted using the 2011 and 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data. A total of 23 321 children with their mothers were included in this study, and multilevel logistic regression models were applied for the data analysis. RESulTS: The odds of diarrhea among female children were 13% lower (AOR = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.79-0.94) compared with male children. The odds of diarrhea among children aged between 13 and 24 months were 31% higher than (AOR = 1.31; 95% CI: 1.17-1.47) their younger counter parts. Children aged ⩾25 months (AOR = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.45-0.56), those whose mothers were unemployed (AOR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.73-0.87), and children live in households between 2 and 3 under-5 children (AOR = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.79-0.96) were associated with lower odds of experiencing diarrhea. The odds of diarrhea among children whose mother had no formal education were 49% higher than (AOR = 1.49; 95% CI: 1.08-2.07) their counterparts. Besides, children residing in city administrations (AOR = 0.69; 95% CI: 0.58-0.82) had lower odds of experiencing diarrhea than children living in agrarian regions. Conclusions: At the individual level (sex and age of the child, mother's employment status, and educational level, and the number of under-5 children) and the community-level (contextual region) were found to be significant factors associated with childhood diarrhea in Ethiopia.

Introduction: Diarrhea remains the second leading cause of mortality among under-five children in... more Introduction: Diarrhea remains the second leading cause of mortality among under-five children in Ethiopia, spreads more easily in homes with dirt floors. Even though the determinants of diarrheal illness is widely recognized at the global level, there is a limited number of studies that identified the individual and community-level factors solely among children residing in households with sub-optimal flooring (i.e. earth, mud or sand, and dung). Therefore, this study aims to identify individual and community-level factors associated with childhood diarrhea in households with sub-optimal flooring in Ethiopia.Methods: Data from the fourth round of the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) conducted in 2016 is used to carry out the analysis. The EDHS was large, cross-sectional by design, and nationally representative. A total of 9,097 under-five children living in households with sub-optimal floors and 645 community clusters were included in the current analysis. A multi-leve...

Environmental Health Insights

Background: Childhood diarrhea is the major contributor to the deaths of children under the age o... more Background: Childhood diarrhea is the major contributor to the deaths of children under the age of 5 years in Ethiopia, but evidence at the national level to identify the contributing factors associated with diarrhea by considering the clustering effects is limited. Hence, this study aimed to identify factors associated with childhood diarrhea at the individual and community levels. Methods: A secondary data analysis was conducted using the 2011 and 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data. A total of 23 321 children with their mothers were included in this study, and multilevel logistic regression models were applied for the data analysis. Results: The odds of diarrhea among female children were 13% lower (AOR = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.79-0.94) compared with male children. The odds of diarrhea among children aged between 13 and 24 months were 31% higher than (AOR = 1.31; 95% CI: 1.17-1.47) their younger counter parts. Children aged ⩾25 months (AOR = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.45-0.56)...

Global Pediatric Health

Background. The ability to accurately predict hospital length of stay (LOS) or time to discharge ... more Background. The ability to accurately predict hospital length of stay (LOS) or time to discharge could aid in resource planning, stimulate quality improvement activities, and provide evidence for future research and medical practice. This study aimed to determine the predictive factors of time to discharge among patients admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and pediatric ward in Goba referral hospital, Ethiopia. Methods. A facility-based prospective follow up study was conducted for 8 months among 438 patients. Survival analyses were carried out using the Kaplan Meier statistics and Cox regression model. Results. The median length of hospital stay was 7 days (95% confidence interval (CI): 6.45-7.54) and 6 days (95% CI: 5.21-6.78) for patients admitted to NICU and pediatric ward, respectively. In the multivariable Cox regression, the hazard of neonatal patients with less than 37 weeks of gestational age, low birth weight, and those who develop hospital-acquired infecti...