Denys Nizalov - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Denys Nizalov

Risk and uncertainty over the results of agricultural production were always considered as impedi... more Risk and uncertainty over the results of agricultural production were always considered as impediments for the development of agricultural sector and rural areas. Besides traditional weather and market related sources of uncertainty, agriculture in transition economies is facing one more major factor of risk – changes in the institutional protection of property rights. This paper illustrates how such institutional uncertainty affects the land use and crop mix patterns in Ukraine. Ukraine is a country with some of the richest arable land in the world and is among the largest agricultural producers. Land reform started in Ukraine in 1990. It transfers land from state to private ownership. However, a market for land sales has not been established yet. Moreover, its establishment has been postponed several times since 2001. Thus, the design of this institution remains unknown, which brings uncertainty about the rights of owners, state, tenants and investors. To test if unsecured propert...

THE IMPACT OF INTERNET BANKING ON THE USE OF BANKING SERVICES

Review of Regional Studies, 2005

Economic Development Quarterly, 2007

This article analyzes the relationship between local economic growth and the distribution of busi... more This article analyzes the relationship between local economic growth and the distribution of businesses across size categories. The distribution is measured by the employment share in businesses of various sizes and by a business distribution index. The index provides a measure of the extent to which the local economy deviates from an equal employment share in each of nine business-size categories. The authors find strong links between a county's business-size distribution and its economic growth rate and also a difference between the optimal income and job growth-enhancing distributions. In addition, the results indicate that the optimal growth-enhancing distribution of employment has a higher share of the smallest businesses (with one to four employees) than the current average. The results support increased policy emphasis on encouraging small business start-ups and development; however, the optimal development strategy depends on the initial distribution of businesses within...

The state role in economic development policy has increased as the federal government has devolve... more The state role in economic development policy has increased as the federal government has devolved se-lected programs to balance growth and incomes

With farms cultivating tens or hundreds of thousands of hectares, Ukraine is often used to demons... more With farms cultivating tens or hundreds of thousands of hectares, Ukraine is often used to demonstrate the existence of economies of scale in modern grain production. Panel data analysis for all the country’s farms with more than 200 hectares in 2001–2011 suggests that higher yields and profits are due to unobserved factors at rayon (district) and farm level rather than economies of scale. Productivity growth was driven not by farm expansion but by exit of unproductive and entry of more efficient farms. Higher initial shares of area under farms with more than 3,000 or 5,000 hectares at the rayon level significantly reduce subsequent exit, suggesting that land concentration reduces productivity growth. The paper draws implications for global evolution of farm structures. This paper is a product of the Agriculture and Rural Development Team, Development Research Group. It is part of a larger effort by the World Bank to provide open access to its research and make a contribution to dev...

There is a wide range of economic development tools used by practitioners to facilitate growth on... more There is a wide range of economic development tools used by practitioners to facilitate growth on regional and municipal level. One of such tools is a strategic planning process. It helps local governments to set goals and priorities for community development and to coordinate activities in different areas of community life. It also helps to establish partnership among stakeholders and interest groups. This enables communities to mobilize public and private resources, to consolidate efforts of various groups and, by these means, to streamline economic development. Despite a large number of applications, there is a lack of rigorous evaluation results. This lack is related to two major difficulties: 1) The planning procedure differs greatly in the implementation details from case to case. That makes the comparison complicated (if at all possible). 2) The decision to start the planning process in most cases is thought to be predetermined by growth outcomes. Cities that are more likely ...

Many studies in regional development and economic geography are focused on factors that determine... more Many studies in regional development and economic geography are focused on factors that determine regional growth. In this paper a review of existing studies of regional growth is presented. The explanation power of the most recent studies is tested using the case of Michigan economy. In particular, the impact of high-tech industries, social attractiveness factors and regional economic development policies on the per capita income growth rate for Michigan counties is studied. Finally, the difference in effect of the policy and other factors in rural and metropolitan areas is assessed. The results of this work might be helpful in setting priorities using different development policy instruments.

We analyze the impact of Michigan economic development policies and highway infrastructure improv... more We analyze the impact of Michigan economic development policies and highway infrastructure improvements on per capita income and job growth in 1990s using fixed effect estimation procedure. We also improve measurement of policy treatment while accounting for possible spillover effect. The policies considered for analysis have significant impact on growth outcomes. However this effect is non-linear. The size of this impact changes over time and the path of change varies by type of policy. Policy impacts are different between metro and non-metropolitan areas. Also, cross-policy effects are found. The results can assist decision makers in targeting policies.

The World Bank Economic Review, 2016

Journal of Comparative Economics, 2015

Policy Research Working Papers, 2013

Transition to agricultural market economies: the future of Kazakhstan, Russia and Ukraine, 2015

Multiple economic and institutional factors drive change in the mix of agricultural commodities p... more Multiple economic and institutional factors drive change in the mix of agricultural commodities produced over time in any country. We examine grain, fruit and vegetable markets in Ukraine since 2004, with a focus on the evolution of property rights and their impact on planting decisions. Institutional uncertainty about property rights impacts both the use of land in agriculture and crop mix, and leads to underinvestment in crops with a longer investment cycle and higher value added. As an alternative to land sales, a well-developed rental market has emerged. The rental market requires minimal upfront investment in land acquisition but limits incentives for long-term investments. Farm-level data from the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine on 21,000 farms between 2004 and 2011 show that despite higher revenue per hectare, the share of fruit crops has remained virtually unchanged since 2004 (State Statistics, 2013). In contrast, the share of oilseeds produced has doubled over the sa...

Risk and uncertainty over the results of agricultural production were always considered as impedi... more Risk and uncertainty over the results of agricultural production were always considered as impediments for the development of agricultural sector and rural areas. Besides traditional weather and market related sources of uncertainty, agriculture in transition economies is facing one more major factor of risk – changes in the institutional protection of property rights. This paper illustrates how such institutional uncertainty affects the land use and crop mix patterns in Ukraine. Ukraine is a country with some of the richest arable land in the world and is among the largest agricultural producers. Land reform started in Ukraine in 1990. It transfers land from state to private ownership. However, a market for land sales has not been established yet. Moreover, its establishment has been postponed several times since 2001. Thus, the design of this institution remains unknown, which brings uncertainty about the rights of owners, state, tenants and investors. To test if unsecured propert...

THE IMPACT OF INTERNET BANKING ON THE USE OF BANKING SERVICES

Review of Regional Studies, 2005

Economic Development Quarterly, 2007

This article analyzes the relationship between local economic growth and the distribution of busi... more This article analyzes the relationship between local economic growth and the distribution of businesses across size categories. The distribution is measured by the employment share in businesses of various sizes and by a business distribution index. The index provides a measure of the extent to which the local economy deviates from an equal employment share in each of nine business-size categories. The authors find strong links between a county's business-size distribution and its economic growth rate and also a difference between the optimal income and job growth-enhancing distributions. In addition, the results indicate that the optimal growth-enhancing distribution of employment has a higher share of the smallest businesses (with one to four employees) than the current average. The results support increased policy emphasis on encouraging small business start-ups and development; however, the optimal development strategy depends on the initial distribution of businesses within...

The state role in economic development policy has increased as the federal government has devolve... more The state role in economic development policy has increased as the federal government has devolved se-lected programs to balance growth and incomes

With farms cultivating tens or hundreds of thousands of hectares, Ukraine is often used to demons... more With farms cultivating tens or hundreds of thousands of hectares, Ukraine is often used to demonstrate the existence of economies of scale in modern grain production. Panel data analysis for all the country’s farms with more than 200 hectares in 2001–2011 suggests that higher yields and profits are due to unobserved factors at rayon (district) and farm level rather than economies of scale. Productivity growth was driven not by farm expansion but by exit of unproductive and entry of more efficient farms. Higher initial shares of area under farms with more than 3,000 or 5,000 hectares at the rayon level significantly reduce subsequent exit, suggesting that land concentration reduces productivity growth. The paper draws implications for global evolution of farm structures. This paper is a product of the Agriculture and Rural Development Team, Development Research Group. It is part of a larger effort by the World Bank to provide open access to its research and make a contribution to dev...

There is a wide range of economic development tools used by practitioners to facilitate growth on... more There is a wide range of economic development tools used by practitioners to facilitate growth on regional and municipal level. One of such tools is a strategic planning process. It helps local governments to set goals and priorities for community development and to coordinate activities in different areas of community life. It also helps to establish partnership among stakeholders and interest groups. This enables communities to mobilize public and private resources, to consolidate efforts of various groups and, by these means, to streamline economic development. Despite a large number of applications, there is a lack of rigorous evaluation results. This lack is related to two major difficulties: 1) The planning procedure differs greatly in the implementation details from case to case. That makes the comparison complicated (if at all possible). 2) The decision to start the planning process in most cases is thought to be predetermined by growth outcomes. Cities that are more likely ...

Many studies in regional development and economic geography are focused on factors that determine... more Many studies in regional development and economic geography are focused on factors that determine regional growth. In this paper a review of existing studies of regional growth is presented. The explanation power of the most recent studies is tested using the case of Michigan economy. In particular, the impact of high-tech industries, social attractiveness factors and regional economic development policies on the per capita income growth rate for Michigan counties is studied. Finally, the difference in effect of the policy and other factors in rural and metropolitan areas is assessed. The results of this work might be helpful in setting priorities using different development policy instruments.

We analyze the impact of Michigan economic development policies and highway infrastructure improv... more We analyze the impact of Michigan economic development policies and highway infrastructure improvements on per capita income and job growth in 1990s using fixed effect estimation procedure. We also improve measurement of policy treatment while accounting for possible spillover effect. The policies considered for analysis have significant impact on growth outcomes. However this effect is non-linear. The size of this impact changes over time and the path of change varies by type of policy. Policy impacts are different between metro and non-metropolitan areas. Also, cross-policy effects are found. The results can assist decision makers in targeting policies.

The World Bank Economic Review, 2016

Journal of Comparative Economics, 2015

Policy Research Working Papers, 2013

Transition to agricultural market economies: the future of Kazakhstan, Russia and Ukraine, 2015

Multiple economic and institutional factors drive change in the mix of agricultural commodities p... more Multiple economic and institutional factors drive change in the mix of agricultural commodities produced over time in any country. We examine grain, fruit and vegetable markets in Ukraine since 2004, with a focus on the evolution of property rights and their impact on planting decisions. Institutional uncertainty about property rights impacts both the use of land in agriculture and crop mix, and leads to underinvestment in crops with a longer investment cycle and higher value added. As an alternative to land sales, a well-developed rental market has emerged. The rental market requires minimal upfront investment in land acquisition but limits incentives for long-term investments. Farm-level data from the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine on 21,000 farms between 2004 and 2011 show that despite higher revenue per hectare, the share of fruit crops has remained virtually unchanged since 2004 (State Statistics, 2013). In contrast, the share of oilseeds produced has doubled over the sa...