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Papers by Derviş Fikret ÜNAL

Since the beginning of the new millennium, various initiatives have been taken to promote EU-Russ... more Since the beginning of the new millennium, various initiatives have been taken to promote EU-Russian relations. In this context, a triangle centered around the capitals of Berlin, Paris and Moscow may be of particular interest as a driving force for the evolution of EU-Russian relations. The initiatives have also been criticized for going too far in accommodating Russian interests while neglecting the interests of other EU-partners. The first triangle meeting of this kind took place in 2003 with German Chancellor Schroder, French President Chirac and Russian President Putin airing criticism of the US war in Iraq. This meeting was criticized on both sides of the Atlantic. It was followed by further triangle meetings in 2004 and 2006. Leadership changes in all three countries, the fallout of the Russo-Georgian war in 2008 and Western critique on growing authoritarianism in Russia have put further activities on hold. All the more surprising was a new meeting of the Berlin-Paris-Moscow ...

BJU International, 2007

Objective To investigate the value of three-dimensional contrast-enhanced power Doppler ultrasono... more Objective To investigate the value of three-dimensional contrast-enhanced power Doppler ultrasonography (3D-CE-PDU) in the diagnosis of prostate cancer and to compare 3D-CE-PDU with digital rectal examination (DRE), prostate-speci®c antigen (PSA) levels, greyscale ultrasonography (GSU) and PDU. Patients and methods The study comprised 30 patients with localized prostate cancer scheduled to undergo radical prostatectomy and 29 with clinical BPH scheduled to undergo transurethral microwave thermotherapy. The 3D-CE-PDU examinations were carried out using 2.5 g of microbubble ultrasound contrast medium; the images were stored digitally to allow off-line analysis. All the reconstructed 3D images of the prostate were evaluated blindly in random order by two investigators (one expert and one novice). The images were scored according to asymmetry (0±2) and vessel distribution (0±3). Marked asymmetry (2) and/or a focal increase in vascularity (>2) were considered as suspicious for prostate malignancy. Diagnostic predictions using the DRE, PSA level, GSU, PDU, 3D-CE-PDU and their combinations were investigated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results True-positive and true-negative rates of the 3D-CE-PDU were 87% (26/30) and 79% (23/29), respectively, for the expert observer. The sensitivity of 3D-CE-PDU was higher than that of DRE, GSU and PDU, but not PSA level, and the speci®city was lower, again except for PSA level. However, when compared with those of the other modalities in single-test evaluations, 3D-CE-PDU, and a combination of 3D-CE-PDU and PSA level, had the largest area under the ROC curve (0.830 and 0.933, respectively). The diagnostic agreement between the examiners was 76% (Cohen kappa statistic, 0.5). Conclusion In this selected group of patients, 3D-CE-PDU alone was a better diagnostic tool than the DRE, PSA level, GSU or PDU alone. The most suitable diagnostic predictor for prostate cancer was a combination of 3D-CE-PDU and PSA level.

WE, THE CITIZENS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, through our legitimate political representatives which ha... more WE, THE CITIZENS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, through our legitimate political representatives which have been lawfully appointed in accordance with respective constitutional requirements of all the Member States, DRAWING INSPIRATION from the cultural, religious and humanist inheritance of Europe, from which the inviolable and inalienable rights of the human person, freedom, democracy, social justice, equality and the rule of law have been irreversibly established, BELIEVING that Europe, reunited after bitter experiences, intends to continue along the path of civilization and prosperity for the good of all its inhabitants, including the weakest and the most deprived; and that it wishes to remain a continent open to culture, learning and social progress; and to strive for peace, justice and solidarity throughout the world, DETERMINED, while remaining proud of our own national identities and history, to transcend our former divisions and, united ever more closely, to forge a common destiny, DESIRING to form a more perfect Union, which shall continue and improve the work accomplished within the framework of the Treaties establishing the European Communities and the Treaty on European Union, by ensuring the continuity of the Community acquis, strengthening the protection of human rights, providing for a more democratic and transparent public life, a single voice in international relations and a common defence, HEREBY adopt the following: TREATY ESTABLISHING A CONSTITUTION FOR EUROPE "Realistic" Group 8 PART I-BASIC PROVISIONS Article 1 Establishment of the Union Reflecting the will of the citizens and States of Europe to build a common future, this Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe (hereinafter referred to as the 'Constitution') establishes the European Union, on which the Member States confer competences to attain objectives they have in common. The Union shall coordinate the policies by which the Member States aim to achieve these objectives, and shall exercise on a Community basis the competences they confer on it. The Union shall be open to all European States, which respect its values and are committed to promoting them together. Article 2 The Union's Values The Union is founded on the values of respect for human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, the rule of law and respect for human rights, including the rights of persons belonging to minorities. These values are common to the Member States in a society in which pluralism, non-discrimination, tolerance, justice, solidarity, equality between woman and man and respect for cultural, religious and racial diversities prevail. Article 3 The Union's objectives 1. The Union's aim is to promote peace, its values and the well being of its peoples.

iii I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in acc... more iii I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name: Derviş Fikret Ünal Signature : iv ABSTRACT TURKEY'S RELATIONS WITH ISRAEL IN THE 2000s: A CONSTRUCTIVIST PERSPECTIVE The main aim of this dissertation is to understand Turkey's relations with Israel in the 2000s from the perspective of Turkey's state identity. The research question of this dissertation is whether or not the concept of "state identity" is relevant to the Turkish-Israeli relations, and if so, to what extent. This dissertation also studies if there is continuity or change in Turkey's state identity in the 2000s. To that end, the dissertation compares and contrasts the situation before and after the Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi) term from a theoretical perspective in order to reach a final analysis. This dissertation assumes that the change in the Turkish-Israeli relations in the 2000s from the strategic relations to crises can be explained by the change in Turkey's state identity from the pro-Western stance to the Middle Easternized Central Country / Heir of the Ottoman Empire stance.

This paper is a contribution to the ongoing constitutional debate of 31 Master Fellows of 17 diff... more This paper is a contribution to the ongoing constitutional debate of 31 Master Fellows of 17 different nationalities currently completing a Master Programme in European Studies at the Centre for European Integration Studies (ZEI) in Bonn. As part of a course on the history of European integration held by Professor Dr. Ludger Kühnhardt, Director at ZEI, Master Fellows decided to take on the academic endeavour in proposing an alternative constitution for Europe. This resulted in a “split” of the Master Fellows into two basic groups dealing with two different approaches to a brave new constitutional project – one relying on the current draft of the Constitutional Treaty, the other one going beyond it.

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The end of the Cold War has brought uneven and continuous transition process which has been gener... more The end of the Cold War has brought uneven and continuous transition process which has been generally resulted in unsuccessful experiences in the former members of the Soviet camp except for some success stories such as the Baltic States which became members of both the EU and NATO. Following the demise of the socialist bloc, the international order had been deeply influenced, and the discussions on the future of the global system still have been made among the actors of international relations. Parallel, Russia which has an assertive position to maintain its global player status has had to revise its policies on many important issues. On this point, the relations with China, which is a permanent member of the UN Security Council, the most crowded country in the world and the second biggest economy, is a primary issue on the Russian foreign policy agenda. Hence, this article examines the Russo-Chinese relations under Vladimir Putin's ruling covering a variety of issues which have been effective on the bilateral relations so far. In the methodology of the article, the theoretical framework of the arguments formulized by the scholars is given a priority to provide different perspectives on the relations. Particularly, this article includes three main articles which are supported by other scholars not only in terms of theoretical context, but also in providing examples and facts strengthening the main claims put in the three articles. In addition, these articles are chosen on the theoretical basis of realist and liberal thought of schools which have different forms within themselves. Two of the articles provide classical, neoclassical and structural realist type of approaches. The second article which presents a liberal stance incorporates commercial liberalism, interdependence and neoliberal institutional sorts of liberal thought of school. Moreover, I do argue in this article that the evolutionary processes of the Russo-Chinese relations in the presidency of Vladimir Putin. There is historical background which cannot be ignored in the progress of current issues. Through taking the key facts in the Russo-Chinese relations into account, the article does offer different theoretical perceptions to understand ongoing relations largely affected by the policies defined in Putin's term. On this point, the formulation of this article is pursued in accordance with a critical academic stance, and an objective position is taken to define the dynamics of the relations. So, the literary survey was made in consistent with the core argument of the article.

BJU International, 2007