Deyana Vankova - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Deyana Vankova
Scripta scientifica medica, May 12, 2021
INTRODUCTION: Nowadays Gla-rich protein (GRP) is recognized as a novel biomarker playing a pivota... more INTRODUCTION: Nowadays Gla-rich protein (GRP) is recognized as a novel biomarker playing a pivotal role in the crosstalk between chronic inflammation and vascular calcification. AIM: The aim of this article is to study the link between circulating GRP, cardiovascular pathology, and the degree of arterial calcification evaluated by the coronary arterial calcium score (CACS) in a Bulgarian population sample. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult participants (n=81) of both genders were divided into: controls (n=41)-subjects with estimated moderate-to-high risk without known cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and a combined CVD group (n=40)-patients with paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation in sinus rhythm, and heart failure subjects with preserved ejection fraction. A structured interview was carried out for evaluation of the classical CVD risk factors. CACS was determined by multislice computed tomography. Routine laboratory parameters were extracted from medical records. Serum levels of total GRP, matrix Gla protein, and osteocalcin were estimated by commercial ELISA kits. Standard statistical methods (descriptive statistics, Student's t-test and Spearman's correlation) were applied. Statistical significance was considered at p<0.05. RESULTS: Significantly lower GRP levels were established in patients with coronary calcium compared to those without calcium deposits. Clear tendency for decreased levels of GRP was observed in the combined CVD group vs controls. Circulating GRP significantly correlates with uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein. An association between serum GRP, CRP, and low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) was demonstrated. CONCLUSION: This study adds new information regarding the role of circulating GRP as a new player in calcification inhibition. Our findings illuminate the link between total circulating GRP, CVD pathology, and the degree of coronary calcification.
Scripta Scientifica Pharmaceutica, Aug 22, 2017
Scripta Scientifica Vox Studentium, Apr 12, 2018
Introduction: Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder characterized by disconnectiv... more Introduction: Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder characterized by disconnectivity among distributed brain regions. A schizophrenic has trouble recognizing reality and deception notwithstanding when wakeful. Although schizophrenia is less common than other mental illnesses, the symptoms can be extremely disabling. As polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are the major constituents of cell membrane phospholipids and take part in the receptors’ signalling, they are considered as essential for neurodevelopment and brain functions. The aim of this report is to briefly present the role of diets rich in omega-3 PUFAs in treating the symptoms associated with schizophrenia. Materials and methods: The presented review is a result of the gathering and analysing of information from more than 20 articles published in scientific databases – PubMed, Research&Reviews and ScienceDirect. Results: The findings in this study revealed that schizophrenia is a disease that typically begins in early adulthood. Schizophrenic people often have high levels of inflammatory cytokines but low levels of omega-3s. The latter play a powerful anti-inflammatory role believed to be responsible for some of their therapeutic effects on mental health. Many randomized controlled clinical trials report that supplementation with omega-3s could lead to significant improvement in symptoms and quality of life. Some of them reported positive effect on primary efficacy, as well as a possibility to prevent full-blown schizophrenia in youngsters having the earliest symptoms. However, other revealed at least some beneficial effect on secondary outcomes, while a single study found no evidence that omega-3s could be a suitable alternative to maintenance antipsychotic treatment in relapse of schizophrenia. Conclusion: Schizophrenia is a multidimensional disorder that prevents people from having a normal life. However, the efficacy of omega-3s is not sufficiently proven yet, hence more scientific data is needed to clarify their role as a promising supplement relieving symptoms of schizophrenia.
Scripta scientifica medica, Jun 20, 2013
Biological Markers in Fundamental and Clinical Medicine, Nov 15, 2018
biopsy and patohistological assessment). Immediately after rectal examination a sample of urine w... more biopsy and patohistological assessment). Immediately after rectal examination a sample of urine was collected into sterile tubes in the amount not less than 35 ml. Since mRNA is rather unstable molecule susceptible to degradation, the sample was transported to the Laboratory of human genetics of the Institute of genetic engineering and biotechnology within 12 hours after collection. When it was not possible to observe the procedure, a sample was stored refrigerated at temperature of 4˚C until processing. Total RNA was extracted using NucleoSpin ® RNA isolation kit, according to the protocol recommended by manufacturer (Macherey-Nagel GmbH & Co., Duren, Germany). Extracted RNA was quantitated by fluorometry using Qubit FS RNA Assay kit and Qubit ® 2.0 fluorometer (Invitrogen, Life Technologies, Oregon, USA). Reverse transcription reaction was done using GeneAmp ® Gold RNA PCR Core Kit (Applied Biosystems, USA) on an Eppendorf Mastercycler Gradient PCR unit. After checking successfulness of reverse transcription, the cDNA was used as a matrix in the Real time PCR in the quantitative amplification of KLK3 gene by using the SYBR green chemistry (" Applied Biosystems", Ca., USA). All samples were amplified in triplicate with chosen genes. Cycle threshold (Ct), as a basic number parameter of quantitative PCR is used as a measure of amlificability of cDNA template. Results. RNA was isolated from 133 out of 162 collected urine samples which makes 82% success rate for RNA extraction from urine. The average concentration of total RNA was 4,60 ng/ul with highest concentration of 96 ng/ul. Reverse transcription reaction was done for RNA samples with minimum concentration of 1 and maximum concentration of 96 ng/μl. GAPDH had a minimum Ct value of 15, the average Ct value was 24, and the maximum measured Ct value was 33. Taking into consideration possible instability of RNA molecule which is high even in the samples of blood and tissue samples which are considered to be ideal, possibility of successful extraction of 82% can be considered as high. Urine, as a byproduct of many physiological reaction, is a very demanding materials for this type of isolation due to the presence of a large number of various compounds affecting RNA degradation. Conclusions. Although the extraction of total RNA from the urine obtain relatively low concentration, it is possible by reverse transcription to get quality enough cDNA to contend with different types of analysis. According to our estimates, critical step in extraction of total mRNA from urine is quick transport to the laboratory where extraction will be carried. Also, equally important factor is the stabilization of the urine sample in the laboratory for what we used PBS buffer and centrifugation step prior to extraction. Selected kits for RNA extraction (NucleoSpin ® RNA isolation kit, Macherey-Nagel GmbH & Co., Duren, Germany) and reverse transcription kit (GeneAmp ® Gold RNA PCR Core Kit, Applied Biosystems, Ca., USA) proved to be good enough to from a relatively small amount of extracted starting material synthesized quality material for further work and analysis.
Homeopathy, Oct 11, 2021
Background Ferrum phosphoricum (FP) is prescribed as a homeopathic remedy to treat the early stag... more Background Ferrum phosphoricum (FP) is prescribed as a homeopathic remedy to treat the early stages of fever and inflammation in cases of colds or flu, muscle fatigue and anemia. We aimed to analyze the molecular mechanisms of action of FP D12 on cell proliferation and mRNA expression of iron metabolism, antioxidant defense and inflammation-related genes in mouse J774A.1 macrophages. Methods Cell proliferation was examined using the MTT test. RT-qPCR analyses were performed to estimate gene expression changes. Relative gene expression levels were calculated using the 2–ΔΔCt method. The effect of treatment using FP D12 tablets was compared with that using placebo tablets (PT). Results FP D12 in low concentrations (0.0125 mg/mL to 0.025 mg/mL) significantly stimulated proliferation of J774A.1 cells by up to 11% (p < 0.01) versus control untreated cells and by up to 40% (p < 0.01) versus PT-treated cells in the respective concentration. FP D12 versus PT induced a significant increase in mRNA expression of ferritin light chain (Ftl1) (by 8-fold, p < 0.01), β-2-microglobulin (B2m) (by 2.5-fold, p < 0.05) and iron-responsive element binding protein 2 (Ireb2) (by 4-fold, p < 0.05), and induced a slight decrease in myosin IE (Myo1e) mRNA expression levels (by 0.4-fold, p < 0.01) in macrophages. A highly significant (r2 = 0.99, p < 0.05) correlation was observed between Ireb2 and B2m transcription levels. Significant stimulation of antioxidant enzyme Gpx-1 (by 1.27-fold, p < 0.01) in cells by 0.025 mg/mL FP D12, but a slight decrease (by 0.12-fold, p < 0.05) in 0.0125 mg/mL-treated cells, was observed. A significant increase in the gene expression of IL-1β (by 3.5-fold, р < 0.05) in macrophages was also detected. Conclusion Ferrum phosphoricum in D12 dilution potentially exhibits iron retention, antioxidant and immunomodulation activities, possibly by modulating transcription levels of related genes in non-stimulated mouse macrophages.
Folia Medica, Oct 31, 2022
Introduction: Elevated plasma levels of uric acid (UA) are considered an independent risk factor ... more Introduction: Elevated plasma levels of uric acid (UA) are considered an independent risk factor for hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, endothelial and vascular damage, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Even physiological concentrations of soluble UA have been proved to induce gene expression of macrophage-secreted inflammatory cytokines and stimulate production of reactive oxygen species in mature adipocytes. UA is also described as a powerful endogenous plasma antioxidant, which reveals a paradox of duality for this parameter. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of UA on expression of antioxidant defense related enzymes in cultured J744A.1 macrophage cell line. Materials and methods: Mouse macrophage J744A.1 cells were treated with uric acid at increasing concentrations of 200 to 800 μM. Changes in expression levels of genes related to the metabolism of glutathione-glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit (GCLc), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione synthetase (GS) were analyzed. Gene expression levels were calculated using the 2-ΔΔCt method. Results: When UA is applied in concentrations of 200 µM and 400 µM, cell viability did not change significantly. Higher, pathophysiological concentrations of 600 μM, 800 μM UA, and 1000 μM of UA caused significant decrease in cell viability to 95.81% (p<0.01), 76.22% (p<0.001), and 18.01% (p<0.001), respectively. UA treatment in concentrations of 200 μM, 400 μM, 500 μM, and 800 μM induced significant transcription levels of glutathione reductase-8.14 (p<0.05), 7.15 (p<0.01), 22.07 (p<0.001), and 27.77 (p<0.01), respectively, and of glutathione synthetase-13.71 (p<0.01), 13.05 (p<0.05), 18 (p<0.01), and 48.60 (p<0.01) folds, respectively. GCLc and GPx1 genes were transcriptionally activated by higher (500 μM and 800 μM) concentrations of UA. For these UA concentrations the measured levels of mRNA were 7.51 (p<0.05) and 12 fold (p<0.05) higher than the non-treated control for GCLc and 1.90 (p<0.05) and 1.93 (p<0.01) for GPx1. Significant difference in the GCLc expression was found between the 200 μM and 500 μM (p<0.05) and 800 μM (p<0.01) treated cells. mRNA levels were significantly different between 400 μM and 800 μM (p<0.05) for both GCLc and GR genes. Very strong correlation was found between GCLc and GR (0.974, p=0.005) and GS (0.935, p=0.020) expression and between GS and GR (0.886, p=0.045) expression levels. Conclusions: It appears that 500 μM and pathophysiological concentrations (800 μM) of UA induce antioxidant cell response in J744A.1 macrophages proved by the indicative elevation GCL, GPx1, GR, and GS transcription. GR and GS can be stimulated even by lower concentrations (200 μM and 400 μM) indicating that glutathione metabolism in macrophages is tightly regulated in order to keep adequate GSH levels.
Oxidative stress is implicated in a number of diseases and pathologic conditions. Expression of a... more Oxidative stress is implicated in a number of diseases and pathologic conditions. Expression of antioxidant enzymes may be infl uenced by a variety of substances, including antioxidants and plant polyphenols. The aim of the study was to assess the expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase and glutathione peroxidase in cell culture model upon treatment with Agrimonia eupatoria extract in standard conditions and in oxidatively stimulated cells. Incubation of 3T3-L1 cells with the extract resulted in signifi cant increase in mRNA levels of glutamate-cysteine ligase. No signifi cant change in transcriptional level of glutathione peroxidase was detected. Tert-butyl-hydroperoxide signifi cantly upregulated expression of both enzymes. Pretreatment of cells with extract signifi cantly reduced the stimulatory effect of the oxidizing agent on gene expression.
Scripta Scientifica Pharmaceutica, Jun 30, 2016
Repeated episodes and prolonged periods of hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia or hyperinsulinemi... more Repeated episodes and prolonged periods of hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia or hyperinsulinemia may play an important role in the initiation and progression of certain states such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, etc. Postprandial periods are characterized also by higher oxidation rates in the body which in turn may induce
Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, Jul 3, 2020
Context: Circulating uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein (ucMGP) is possibly related to coronary ar... more Context: Circulating uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein (ucMGP) is possibly related to coronary arterial calcification (CAC) in cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients.Objective: We aimed to evaluate the relationships between circulating ucMGP, CVD pathology and CAC and its interplay with CVD risk factors.Materials and methods: ucMGP was measured in 99 CVD-patients. CAC score was determined by multislice computed tomography. Circulating ucMGP, uncarboxylated (ucOC) and carboxylated osteocalcin (cOC) were assayed by ELISA kits. Vitamin-K status was evaluated by ucOC/cOC ratio.Results: A tendency for decreased ucMGP was observed for CAC ≥ 100 AU vs. CAC = 1-99 AU after exclusion of the patients on vitamin K-antagonist anticoagulants. Significant inverse correlations between ucMGP and vitamin-K status were indicated for the entire cohort and according to CAC score. Significant associations were found between ucMGP and risk factors for CVD.Conclusion: Circulating ucMGP may reflect certain stages of CVD and CAC. Future studies are needed to clarify its role as potential biomarker.
IntechOpen eBooks, Feb 3, 2021
Cyanoprokaryotes are distributed worldwide and they produce various bioactive compounds, includin... more Cyanoprokaryotes are distributed worldwide and they produce various bioactive compounds, including cyanotoxins. The major route of human exposure to cyanotoxins is the oral intake by using contaminated drinking water, by incidental intake of contaminated water during recreational and professional activities, and by consuming contaminated food or dietary supplements prepared from cyanobacteria. The prolonged chronic exposure to low concentrations of cyanotoxins provokes cell damage and may increase the risk for cancer development. Due to the variety of cyanotoxin chemical structures, different mechanisms of their toxic effects are known. At the same time, some of the natural compounds produced by cyanoprokaryotes have anticancer potential and are promising sources for the development of novel drugs. This chapter is dedicated to the target mechanisms behind the effects of the widely distributed cyanotoxins with an impact on human health, microcystins, nodularins, and cylindrospermopsin.
Folia Medica
Introduction: Elevated plasma levels of uric acid (UA) are considered an independent risk factor ... more Introduction: Elevated plasma levels of uric acid (UA) are considered an independent risk factor for hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, endothelial and vascular damage, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Even physiological concentrations of soluble UA have been proved to induce gene expression of macrophage-secreted inflammatory cytokines and stimulate production of reactive oxygen species in mature adipocytes. UA is also described as a powerful endogenous plasma antioxidant, which reveals a paradox of duality for this parameter. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of UA on expression of antioxidant defense related enzymes in cultured J744A.1 macrophage cell line. Materials and methods: Mouse macrophage J744A.1 cells were treated with uric acid at increasing concentrations of 200 to 800 μM. Changes in expression levels of genes related to the metabolism of glutathione – glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit (GCLc), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx...
Scripta Scientifica Pharmaceutica, Aug 22, 2017
Introduction: Over the last decades obesity became a serious problem all over the world both in d... more Introduction: Over the last decades obesity became a serious problem all over the world both in developed and in developing countries. Obesity is a multifactoral origin disease resulting from the interaction between social, behavioral, psychological, as well as genetic, cellular, molecular and metabolic factors. Nowadays obesity is related to increased prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, colon cancer and even mortality. Aim: The present study aims to investigate the contribution of nutritional habits, physical activity and certain socio-demographic factors to the manifestation of obesity in Bulgarian sample. Study subjects and methods: The study involved 182 adults of Bulgarian origin. Anthropometric characterisation included height, weight, waist and hip circumferences, body mass index (BMI) and waist/hip ratio. Obesity-associated clinical indices were determined: levels of plasma glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and blood pressure (systolic/diastolic). Respondents filled in questionnaires including their diet habits, physical activity, educational and social status. Results: Statistically significant difference in all clinical parameters between the two groups-normal weight and obese subjects was established. In agreement with previously known data it was found that regular consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables was related to lower BMI, while juces rich in sugar had a negative impact. In contrast to most published research reports, the consumption of salty foods was not prevalent in overweight people but rather in those with normal weight. Similar monitoring result has been reported only about Greece, close in culture, diet and physical activity to the population of Bulgaria. In accordance to other studies, the level of physical activity had significantly positive impact on BMI. A positive correlation between BMI and age, hypertension, and marital status, and a negative correlation between BMI and employment was found. Conclusions: Some features specific to the Balkan area were established for the Bulgarian sample. Data obtained in this study may serve in creating adequate recommendations for a healthy lifestyle to optimize national strategies for obesity prevention.
BACKGROUND The disturbed pleiotropic functions of vitamin D are related to numerous chronic non-s... more BACKGROUND The disturbed pleiotropic functions of vitamin D are related to numerous chronic non-skeletal diseases. The role of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is controversial. Therefore, the aim was to study the vitamin D status in CVD patients and to reveal possible relationships with CVD risk factors. METHODS This prospective study includes 93 individuals devided into two groups - patients with CVD (n = 49) and patients at risk for CVD (n = 44) served as controls. The CVD-patients were stratified into AF-group - with paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation and HF-group - with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, in sinus rhythm. Vitamin D status was assessed by measurement of serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25OHD) using liquid chromatography with mass detection. Gene expression of the regulatory enzyme of vitamin D metabolism, 1-alfa-hydroxylase (CYP27B1), was evaluated by two-step real-time qPCR. Coronary artery calcium scans were ...
Introduction: Over the last decades obesity became a serious problem all over the world both in d... more Introduction: Over the last decades obesity became a serious problem all over the world both in developed and in developing countries. Obesity is a multifactoral origin disease resulting from the interaction between social, behavioral, psychological, as well as genetic, cellular, molecular and metabolic factors. Nowadays obesity is related to increased prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, colon cancer and even mortality. Aim: The present study aims to investigate the contribution of nutritional habits, physical activity and certain socio-demographic factors to the manifestation of obesity in Bulgarian sample.
Yoga includes many components for a healthy lifestyle such as physical exercises, abstaining from... more Yoga includes many components for a healthy lifestyle such as physical exercises, abstaining from tobacco, stress management and a low-fat diet. The aim of this study was to assess the nutrition of yoga practitioners and to compare it with international guidelines for a healthy diet. This study comprised 89 female yoga practitioners from Bulgaria. The nutrient intake was assessed by using a food frequency questionnaire based on the USDA National Nutrient Database. The relative intake of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, energy contribution of each nutrient, and the total daily energy intake and relative energy intake were calculated. The BMI of the yoga practitioners was near the lower normal limit (18.5 kg/m2). Only 3 practitioners were overweight. The yoga practitioners consumed small amounts of pork and beef and ~60% did not consume any meat at all. They consumed an average of 600 g of fruits and vegetables per day, which complies with the 400 g recommended by the WHO. Practising yo...
Diet, lifestyle and Obesity in Bulgarian sample, 2012
Introduction: Over the last decades obesity became a serious problem all over the world both in d... more Introduction: Over the last decades obesity became a serious problem all over the world both in developed and in developing countries. Obesity is a multifactoral origin disease resulting from the interaction between social, behavioral, psychological, as well as genetic, cellular, molecular and metabolic factors. Nowadays obesity is related to increased prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, colon cancer and even mortality. Aim: The present study aims to investigate the contribution of nutritional habits, physical activity and certain socio-demographic factors to the manifestation of obesity in Bulgarian sample. Study subjects and methods: The study involved 182 adults of Bulgarian origin. Anthropometric characterisation included height, weight, waist and hip circumferences, body mass index (BMI) and waist/hip ratio. Obesity-associated clinical indices were determined: levels of plasma glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein chole...
The allele frequencies of four SNPs in FTO, ADIPOQ and ADIPOR2 genes were investigated for the fi... more The allele frequencies of four SNPs in FTO, ADIPOQ and ADIPOR2 genes were investigated for the first time in a sample of Bulgarian population. The distribution of genotypes for the rs9939609, rs1501299, rs822391 and rs16928662 polymorphisms was in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and correlated with genotype data for other populations A case-control association study among normal control subjects and subjects with adult obesity according to the waist/hip circumferences ratio was performed and relationship to metabolic syndrome was explored. A direct and convincing linkage between obesity or metabolic syndrome risk and the studied SNP genotypes in Bulgarian population has not been established. One reason could be the small sample size. Also environmental impact and metabolic flexibility possibly play greater role in health status than the simplified causative relationship between genotype and obesity and metabolic syndrome related diseases.
Scripta scientifica medica, May 12, 2021
INTRODUCTION: Nowadays Gla-rich protein (GRP) is recognized as a novel biomarker playing a pivota... more INTRODUCTION: Nowadays Gla-rich protein (GRP) is recognized as a novel biomarker playing a pivotal role in the crosstalk between chronic inflammation and vascular calcification. AIM: The aim of this article is to study the link between circulating GRP, cardiovascular pathology, and the degree of arterial calcification evaluated by the coronary arterial calcium score (CACS) in a Bulgarian population sample. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult participants (n=81) of both genders were divided into: controls (n=41)-subjects with estimated moderate-to-high risk without known cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and a combined CVD group (n=40)-patients with paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation in sinus rhythm, and heart failure subjects with preserved ejection fraction. A structured interview was carried out for evaluation of the classical CVD risk factors. CACS was determined by multislice computed tomography. Routine laboratory parameters were extracted from medical records. Serum levels of total GRP, matrix Gla protein, and osteocalcin were estimated by commercial ELISA kits. Standard statistical methods (descriptive statistics, Student's t-test and Spearman's correlation) were applied. Statistical significance was considered at p<0.05. RESULTS: Significantly lower GRP levels were established in patients with coronary calcium compared to those without calcium deposits. Clear tendency for decreased levels of GRP was observed in the combined CVD group vs controls. Circulating GRP significantly correlates with uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein. An association between serum GRP, CRP, and low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) was demonstrated. CONCLUSION: This study adds new information regarding the role of circulating GRP as a new player in calcification inhibition. Our findings illuminate the link between total circulating GRP, CVD pathology, and the degree of coronary calcification.
Scripta Scientifica Pharmaceutica, Aug 22, 2017
Scripta Scientifica Vox Studentium, Apr 12, 2018
Introduction: Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder characterized by disconnectiv... more Introduction: Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder characterized by disconnectivity among distributed brain regions. A schizophrenic has trouble recognizing reality and deception notwithstanding when wakeful. Although schizophrenia is less common than other mental illnesses, the symptoms can be extremely disabling. As polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are the major constituents of cell membrane phospholipids and take part in the receptors’ signalling, they are considered as essential for neurodevelopment and brain functions. The aim of this report is to briefly present the role of diets rich in omega-3 PUFAs in treating the symptoms associated with schizophrenia. Materials and methods: The presented review is a result of the gathering and analysing of information from more than 20 articles published in scientific databases – PubMed, Research&Reviews and ScienceDirect. Results: The findings in this study revealed that schizophrenia is a disease that typically begins in early adulthood. Schizophrenic people often have high levels of inflammatory cytokines but low levels of omega-3s. The latter play a powerful anti-inflammatory role believed to be responsible for some of their therapeutic effects on mental health. Many randomized controlled clinical trials report that supplementation with omega-3s could lead to significant improvement in symptoms and quality of life. Some of them reported positive effect on primary efficacy, as well as a possibility to prevent full-blown schizophrenia in youngsters having the earliest symptoms. However, other revealed at least some beneficial effect on secondary outcomes, while a single study found no evidence that omega-3s could be a suitable alternative to maintenance antipsychotic treatment in relapse of schizophrenia. Conclusion: Schizophrenia is a multidimensional disorder that prevents people from having a normal life. However, the efficacy of omega-3s is not sufficiently proven yet, hence more scientific data is needed to clarify their role as a promising supplement relieving symptoms of schizophrenia.
Scripta scientifica medica, Jun 20, 2013
Biological Markers in Fundamental and Clinical Medicine, Nov 15, 2018
biopsy and patohistological assessment). Immediately after rectal examination a sample of urine w... more biopsy and patohistological assessment). Immediately after rectal examination a sample of urine was collected into sterile tubes in the amount not less than 35 ml. Since mRNA is rather unstable molecule susceptible to degradation, the sample was transported to the Laboratory of human genetics of the Institute of genetic engineering and biotechnology within 12 hours after collection. When it was not possible to observe the procedure, a sample was stored refrigerated at temperature of 4˚C until processing. Total RNA was extracted using NucleoSpin ® RNA isolation kit, according to the protocol recommended by manufacturer (Macherey-Nagel GmbH & Co., Duren, Germany). Extracted RNA was quantitated by fluorometry using Qubit FS RNA Assay kit and Qubit ® 2.0 fluorometer (Invitrogen, Life Technologies, Oregon, USA). Reverse transcription reaction was done using GeneAmp ® Gold RNA PCR Core Kit (Applied Biosystems, USA) on an Eppendorf Mastercycler Gradient PCR unit. After checking successfulness of reverse transcription, the cDNA was used as a matrix in the Real time PCR in the quantitative amplification of KLK3 gene by using the SYBR green chemistry (" Applied Biosystems", Ca., USA). All samples were amplified in triplicate with chosen genes. Cycle threshold (Ct), as a basic number parameter of quantitative PCR is used as a measure of amlificability of cDNA template. Results. RNA was isolated from 133 out of 162 collected urine samples which makes 82% success rate for RNA extraction from urine. The average concentration of total RNA was 4,60 ng/ul with highest concentration of 96 ng/ul. Reverse transcription reaction was done for RNA samples with minimum concentration of 1 and maximum concentration of 96 ng/μl. GAPDH had a minimum Ct value of 15, the average Ct value was 24, and the maximum measured Ct value was 33. Taking into consideration possible instability of RNA molecule which is high even in the samples of blood and tissue samples which are considered to be ideal, possibility of successful extraction of 82% can be considered as high. Urine, as a byproduct of many physiological reaction, is a very demanding materials for this type of isolation due to the presence of a large number of various compounds affecting RNA degradation. Conclusions. Although the extraction of total RNA from the urine obtain relatively low concentration, it is possible by reverse transcription to get quality enough cDNA to contend with different types of analysis. According to our estimates, critical step in extraction of total mRNA from urine is quick transport to the laboratory where extraction will be carried. Also, equally important factor is the stabilization of the urine sample in the laboratory for what we used PBS buffer and centrifugation step prior to extraction. Selected kits for RNA extraction (NucleoSpin ® RNA isolation kit, Macherey-Nagel GmbH & Co., Duren, Germany) and reverse transcription kit (GeneAmp ® Gold RNA PCR Core Kit, Applied Biosystems, Ca., USA) proved to be good enough to from a relatively small amount of extracted starting material synthesized quality material for further work and analysis.
Homeopathy, Oct 11, 2021
Background Ferrum phosphoricum (FP) is prescribed as a homeopathic remedy to treat the early stag... more Background Ferrum phosphoricum (FP) is prescribed as a homeopathic remedy to treat the early stages of fever and inflammation in cases of colds or flu, muscle fatigue and anemia. We aimed to analyze the molecular mechanisms of action of FP D12 on cell proliferation and mRNA expression of iron metabolism, antioxidant defense and inflammation-related genes in mouse J774A.1 macrophages. Methods Cell proliferation was examined using the MTT test. RT-qPCR analyses were performed to estimate gene expression changes. Relative gene expression levels were calculated using the 2–ΔΔCt method. The effect of treatment using FP D12 tablets was compared with that using placebo tablets (PT). Results FP D12 in low concentrations (0.0125 mg/mL to 0.025 mg/mL) significantly stimulated proliferation of J774A.1 cells by up to 11% (p < 0.01) versus control untreated cells and by up to 40% (p < 0.01) versus PT-treated cells in the respective concentration. FP D12 versus PT induced a significant increase in mRNA expression of ferritin light chain (Ftl1) (by 8-fold, p < 0.01), β-2-microglobulin (B2m) (by 2.5-fold, p < 0.05) and iron-responsive element binding protein 2 (Ireb2) (by 4-fold, p < 0.05), and induced a slight decrease in myosin IE (Myo1e) mRNA expression levels (by 0.4-fold, p < 0.01) in macrophages. A highly significant (r2 = 0.99, p < 0.05) correlation was observed between Ireb2 and B2m transcription levels. Significant stimulation of antioxidant enzyme Gpx-1 (by 1.27-fold, p < 0.01) in cells by 0.025 mg/mL FP D12, but a slight decrease (by 0.12-fold, p < 0.05) in 0.0125 mg/mL-treated cells, was observed. A significant increase in the gene expression of IL-1β (by 3.5-fold, р < 0.05) in macrophages was also detected. Conclusion Ferrum phosphoricum in D12 dilution potentially exhibits iron retention, antioxidant and immunomodulation activities, possibly by modulating transcription levels of related genes in non-stimulated mouse macrophages.
Folia Medica, Oct 31, 2022
Introduction: Elevated plasma levels of uric acid (UA) are considered an independent risk factor ... more Introduction: Elevated plasma levels of uric acid (UA) are considered an independent risk factor for hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, endothelial and vascular damage, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Even physiological concentrations of soluble UA have been proved to induce gene expression of macrophage-secreted inflammatory cytokines and stimulate production of reactive oxygen species in mature adipocytes. UA is also described as a powerful endogenous plasma antioxidant, which reveals a paradox of duality for this parameter. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of UA on expression of antioxidant defense related enzymes in cultured J744A.1 macrophage cell line. Materials and methods: Mouse macrophage J744A.1 cells were treated with uric acid at increasing concentrations of 200 to 800 μM. Changes in expression levels of genes related to the metabolism of glutathione-glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit (GCLc), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione synthetase (GS) were analyzed. Gene expression levels were calculated using the 2-ΔΔCt method. Results: When UA is applied in concentrations of 200 µM and 400 µM, cell viability did not change significantly. Higher, pathophysiological concentrations of 600 μM, 800 μM UA, and 1000 μM of UA caused significant decrease in cell viability to 95.81% (p<0.01), 76.22% (p<0.001), and 18.01% (p<0.001), respectively. UA treatment in concentrations of 200 μM, 400 μM, 500 μM, and 800 μM induced significant transcription levels of glutathione reductase-8.14 (p<0.05), 7.15 (p<0.01), 22.07 (p<0.001), and 27.77 (p<0.01), respectively, and of glutathione synthetase-13.71 (p<0.01), 13.05 (p<0.05), 18 (p<0.01), and 48.60 (p<0.01) folds, respectively. GCLc and GPx1 genes were transcriptionally activated by higher (500 μM and 800 μM) concentrations of UA. For these UA concentrations the measured levels of mRNA were 7.51 (p<0.05) and 12 fold (p<0.05) higher than the non-treated control for GCLc and 1.90 (p<0.05) and 1.93 (p<0.01) for GPx1. Significant difference in the GCLc expression was found between the 200 μM and 500 μM (p<0.05) and 800 μM (p<0.01) treated cells. mRNA levels were significantly different between 400 μM and 800 μM (p<0.05) for both GCLc and GR genes. Very strong correlation was found between GCLc and GR (0.974, p=0.005) and GS (0.935, p=0.020) expression and between GS and GR (0.886, p=0.045) expression levels. Conclusions: It appears that 500 μM and pathophysiological concentrations (800 μM) of UA induce antioxidant cell response in J744A.1 macrophages proved by the indicative elevation GCL, GPx1, GR, and GS transcription. GR and GS can be stimulated even by lower concentrations (200 μM and 400 μM) indicating that glutathione metabolism in macrophages is tightly regulated in order to keep adequate GSH levels.
Oxidative stress is implicated in a number of diseases and pathologic conditions. Expression of a... more Oxidative stress is implicated in a number of diseases and pathologic conditions. Expression of antioxidant enzymes may be infl uenced by a variety of substances, including antioxidants and plant polyphenols. The aim of the study was to assess the expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase and glutathione peroxidase in cell culture model upon treatment with Agrimonia eupatoria extract in standard conditions and in oxidatively stimulated cells. Incubation of 3T3-L1 cells with the extract resulted in signifi cant increase in mRNA levels of glutamate-cysteine ligase. No signifi cant change in transcriptional level of glutathione peroxidase was detected. Tert-butyl-hydroperoxide signifi cantly upregulated expression of both enzymes. Pretreatment of cells with extract signifi cantly reduced the stimulatory effect of the oxidizing agent on gene expression.
Scripta Scientifica Pharmaceutica, Jun 30, 2016
Repeated episodes and prolonged periods of hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia or hyperinsulinemi... more Repeated episodes and prolonged periods of hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia or hyperinsulinemia may play an important role in the initiation and progression of certain states such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, etc. Postprandial periods are characterized also by higher oxidation rates in the body which in turn may induce
Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, Jul 3, 2020
Context: Circulating uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein (ucMGP) is possibly related to coronary ar... more Context: Circulating uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein (ucMGP) is possibly related to coronary arterial calcification (CAC) in cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients.Objective: We aimed to evaluate the relationships between circulating ucMGP, CVD pathology and CAC and its interplay with CVD risk factors.Materials and methods: ucMGP was measured in 99 CVD-patients. CAC score was determined by multislice computed tomography. Circulating ucMGP, uncarboxylated (ucOC) and carboxylated osteocalcin (cOC) were assayed by ELISA kits. Vitamin-K status was evaluated by ucOC/cOC ratio.Results: A tendency for decreased ucMGP was observed for CAC ≥ 100 AU vs. CAC = 1-99 AU after exclusion of the patients on vitamin K-antagonist anticoagulants. Significant inverse correlations between ucMGP and vitamin-K status were indicated for the entire cohort and according to CAC score. Significant associations were found between ucMGP and risk factors for CVD.Conclusion: Circulating ucMGP may reflect certain stages of CVD and CAC. Future studies are needed to clarify its role as potential biomarker.
IntechOpen eBooks, Feb 3, 2021
Cyanoprokaryotes are distributed worldwide and they produce various bioactive compounds, includin... more Cyanoprokaryotes are distributed worldwide and they produce various bioactive compounds, including cyanotoxins. The major route of human exposure to cyanotoxins is the oral intake by using contaminated drinking water, by incidental intake of contaminated water during recreational and professional activities, and by consuming contaminated food or dietary supplements prepared from cyanobacteria. The prolonged chronic exposure to low concentrations of cyanotoxins provokes cell damage and may increase the risk for cancer development. Due to the variety of cyanotoxin chemical structures, different mechanisms of their toxic effects are known. At the same time, some of the natural compounds produced by cyanoprokaryotes have anticancer potential and are promising sources for the development of novel drugs. This chapter is dedicated to the target mechanisms behind the effects of the widely distributed cyanotoxins with an impact on human health, microcystins, nodularins, and cylindrospermopsin.
Folia Medica
Introduction: Elevated plasma levels of uric acid (UA) are considered an independent risk factor ... more Introduction: Elevated plasma levels of uric acid (UA) are considered an independent risk factor for hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, endothelial and vascular damage, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Even physiological concentrations of soluble UA have been proved to induce gene expression of macrophage-secreted inflammatory cytokines and stimulate production of reactive oxygen species in mature adipocytes. UA is also described as a powerful endogenous plasma antioxidant, which reveals a paradox of duality for this parameter. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of UA on expression of antioxidant defense related enzymes in cultured J744A.1 macrophage cell line. Materials and methods: Mouse macrophage J744A.1 cells were treated with uric acid at increasing concentrations of 200 to 800 μM. Changes in expression levels of genes related to the metabolism of glutathione – glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit (GCLc), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx...
Scripta Scientifica Pharmaceutica, Aug 22, 2017
Introduction: Over the last decades obesity became a serious problem all over the world both in d... more Introduction: Over the last decades obesity became a serious problem all over the world both in developed and in developing countries. Obesity is a multifactoral origin disease resulting from the interaction between social, behavioral, psychological, as well as genetic, cellular, molecular and metabolic factors. Nowadays obesity is related to increased prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, colon cancer and even mortality. Aim: The present study aims to investigate the contribution of nutritional habits, physical activity and certain socio-demographic factors to the manifestation of obesity in Bulgarian sample. Study subjects and methods: The study involved 182 adults of Bulgarian origin. Anthropometric characterisation included height, weight, waist and hip circumferences, body mass index (BMI) and waist/hip ratio. Obesity-associated clinical indices were determined: levels of plasma glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and blood pressure (systolic/diastolic). Respondents filled in questionnaires including their diet habits, physical activity, educational and social status. Results: Statistically significant difference in all clinical parameters between the two groups-normal weight and obese subjects was established. In agreement with previously known data it was found that regular consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables was related to lower BMI, while juces rich in sugar had a negative impact. In contrast to most published research reports, the consumption of salty foods was not prevalent in overweight people but rather in those with normal weight. Similar monitoring result has been reported only about Greece, close in culture, diet and physical activity to the population of Bulgaria. In accordance to other studies, the level of physical activity had significantly positive impact on BMI. A positive correlation between BMI and age, hypertension, and marital status, and a negative correlation between BMI and employment was found. Conclusions: Some features specific to the Balkan area were established for the Bulgarian sample. Data obtained in this study may serve in creating adequate recommendations for a healthy lifestyle to optimize national strategies for obesity prevention.
BACKGROUND The disturbed pleiotropic functions of vitamin D are related to numerous chronic non-s... more BACKGROUND The disturbed pleiotropic functions of vitamin D are related to numerous chronic non-skeletal diseases. The role of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is controversial. Therefore, the aim was to study the vitamin D status in CVD patients and to reveal possible relationships with CVD risk factors. METHODS This prospective study includes 93 individuals devided into two groups - patients with CVD (n = 49) and patients at risk for CVD (n = 44) served as controls. The CVD-patients were stratified into AF-group - with paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation and HF-group - with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, in sinus rhythm. Vitamin D status was assessed by measurement of serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25OHD) using liquid chromatography with mass detection. Gene expression of the regulatory enzyme of vitamin D metabolism, 1-alfa-hydroxylase (CYP27B1), was evaluated by two-step real-time qPCR. Coronary artery calcium scans were ...
Introduction: Over the last decades obesity became a serious problem all over the world both in d... more Introduction: Over the last decades obesity became a serious problem all over the world both in developed and in developing countries. Obesity is a multifactoral origin disease resulting from the interaction between social, behavioral, psychological, as well as genetic, cellular, molecular and metabolic factors. Nowadays obesity is related to increased prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, colon cancer and even mortality. Aim: The present study aims to investigate the contribution of nutritional habits, physical activity and certain socio-demographic factors to the manifestation of obesity in Bulgarian sample.
Yoga includes many components for a healthy lifestyle such as physical exercises, abstaining from... more Yoga includes many components for a healthy lifestyle such as physical exercises, abstaining from tobacco, stress management and a low-fat diet. The aim of this study was to assess the nutrition of yoga practitioners and to compare it with international guidelines for a healthy diet. This study comprised 89 female yoga practitioners from Bulgaria. The nutrient intake was assessed by using a food frequency questionnaire based on the USDA National Nutrient Database. The relative intake of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, energy contribution of each nutrient, and the total daily energy intake and relative energy intake were calculated. The BMI of the yoga practitioners was near the lower normal limit (18.5 kg/m2). Only 3 practitioners were overweight. The yoga practitioners consumed small amounts of pork and beef and ~60% did not consume any meat at all. They consumed an average of 600 g of fruits and vegetables per day, which complies with the 400 g recommended by the WHO. Practising yo...
Diet, lifestyle and Obesity in Bulgarian sample, 2012
Introduction: Over the last decades obesity became a serious problem all over the world both in d... more Introduction: Over the last decades obesity became a serious problem all over the world both in developed and in developing countries. Obesity is a multifactoral origin disease resulting from the interaction between social, behavioral, psychological, as well as genetic, cellular, molecular and metabolic factors. Nowadays obesity is related to increased prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, colon cancer and even mortality. Aim: The present study aims to investigate the contribution of nutritional habits, physical activity and certain socio-demographic factors to the manifestation of obesity in Bulgarian sample. Study subjects and methods: The study involved 182 adults of Bulgarian origin. Anthropometric characterisation included height, weight, waist and hip circumferences, body mass index (BMI) and waist/hip ratio. Obesity-associated clinical indices were determined: levels of plasma glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein chole...
The allele frequencies of four SNPs in FTO, ADIPOQ and ADIPOR2 genes were investigated for the fi... more The allele frequencies of four SNPs in FTO, ADIPOQ and ADIPOR2 genes were investigated for the first time in a sample of Bulgarian population. The distribution of genotypes for the rs9939609, rs1501299, rs822391 and rs16928662 polymorphisms was in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and correlated with genotype data for other populations A case-control association study among normal control subjects and subjects with adult obesity according to the waist/hip circumferences ratio was performed and relationship to metabolic syndrome was explored. A direct and convincing linkage between obesity or metabolic syndrome risk and the studied SNP genotypes in Bulgarian population has not been established. One reason could be the small sample size. Also environmental impact and metabolic flexibility possibly play greater role in health status than the simplified causative relationship between genotype and obesity and metabolic syndrome related diseases.