Dhananjay Bhatt - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Drafts by Dhananjay Bhatt

Post Covid-19 pandemic situation has resulted lacs of job losses in Bharat. Authors have put effo... more Post Covid-19 pandemic situation has resulted lacs of job losses in Bharat.
Authors have put efforts to create new ways of jobs creation to improve real productivity of MSME and government sectors without significant impact on cost.The identified nos of jobs in tune of approx 5 crores+ in government sectors and 10 crores+ in MSME sectors.The main benifits are improved better utilization of available idle resources with better services to common man.

Papers by Dhananjay Bhatt

Proceedings of the World Congress on …, 2009

I C engines are the largest energy converting units for the mobile application across the globe a... more I C engines are the largest energy converting units for the mobile application across the globe and millions of litres of oil is converted into mechanical energy using these engines every day. It has been recognized that a large amount of energy is lost in the friction between Piston ring-Cylinder assembly. Hence this area has been the interest of research for decades. Oil film thickness formed between the piston ring and the liner has a major impact on reduction of power loss due to friction. A micro review on prediction of Oil Film Thickness in piston ring-cylinder assembly has been presented in order to have an over view of the research going on in this area. An attempt has been made to incorporate the research work of leading researchers and to focus light on the major parameters affecting OFT and their impact on the OFT. This review may be helpful for new upcoming researchers to identify the areas for future research.

Indian small and medium enterprises need to build and maintain competitiveness against the challe... more Indian small and medium enterprises need to build and maintain competitiveness against the challenges posed by globalization. To achieve a sustainable growth, the ministry of MSME, government of India has launched lean manufacturing competiveness scheme (LMCS). Under it, a cluster of 8 to10 MSMEs are formed to implement various lean principles. National Productivity Council has reported only 58% success rate for pilot phase implementations but on the ground, the sustention rate is much lower. The investigation has been made in such a cluster to evaluate the existing scenario of maintenance management and to present contextual issues for execution and sustention of maintenance management strategy. 10 cases were undertaken with methodology of structured questionnaire and semi structured interviews. The SPSS software was utilized to perform the required statistical analysis of collected data. This research would present the insight of Indian SMEs with new data and findings not only on ...

Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering

Titanium alloys are widely used in many applications such as Aerospace, Automotive, Biomedical, M... more Titanium alloys are widely used in many applications such as Aerospace, Automotive, Biomedical, Marine, Mining and Oil Industries. Titanium elucidates many engineering challenges for its effective utilization. The tool wear, material removal rate, surface finish and overall cost in titanium machining are major challenges. In order to meet these challenges conventional high speed machining may be one of the solutions to produce more durable and quality products. The present paper discusses to find the most efficient combination of tool, machining parameters, milling strategy, workpiece materials, etc. for the particular application. The work carried out by various researchers is studied in the field of conventional machining of titanium alloys considering only turning and milling operation and important findings are narrated.

The slurry erosion wear behaviour of coal bottom ash handling pipeline was investigated with an e... more The slurry erosion wear behaviour of coal bottom ash handling pipeline was investigated with an effect of operating parameters under water-based slurry, through a slurry pot test rig. Mild steel (MS) has been selected for test sample material as representative of coal ash slurry handling pipeline material. The solid–liquid mixture is prepared using coal bottom ash by mixing with tap water. The sieve analysis was performed to designate the particles size. The average mass loss of the two specimens has been used to evaluate the erosion rate in g/g of solids. Experiments were conducted in four different sets with at 4 and 5 m/s velocity, 550 and 1500 µm particle size and 10 and 30% by weight concentration for impact angle range 7.5°–90°. A mass loss of the wear specimen is measured on an electronic balance with precision having least count (L.C.) of 0.1 mg. The variation of erosion rate with impact angle for MS has shown the increase in erosion wear rate with increase in impact angle t...

In developing country like India, SMEs are still struggling for a suitable model for maintenance ... more In developing country like India, SMEs are still struggling for a suitable model for maintenance management. An effort has been made to prepare the pragmatic model of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) in context of Indian SMEs as they are working with many inherent limitations. 10 companies (participants of Lean Manufacturing Competitiveness Scheme - LMCS project by Ministry of MSME, India) have undertaken for this research with qualitative and qualitative data. Based on prima-facie research, 7 hypotheses were formulated and evaluated by questionnaire instrument. The SPSS 22.0 is utilized for Reliability test, One way ANOVA, Tukey Simultaneous, Cross Tabulation Chi-Square test and other descriptive statistics. Here, in this paper, the brief statistical interpretation and discussion are presented to evaluate the odds related to TPM implementation in Indian SMEs. The number of companies interested to participate in the study was poor, as a majority of SMEs could not find compatibilit...

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering

In presented paper through experimental investigation is carried out with fiber laser system so a... more In presented paper through experimental investigation is carried out with fiber laser system so as to evaluate the effects of laser surface hardening process parameters on the microhardness (width and depth) of the laser treated En24 steel using a Taguchi method. The optical microscope and microhardness tester is used to examine the microstructure, microhardness (width and depth) of the laser hardened samples across the heat affected zone. The selected process parameters were laser beam power (210, 225 and 300 W), laser scanning speed (1.0, 5.5 and 10.0 mm/s) and standoff distance (175, 200 and 225 mm) respectively. The laser treated hardened surface layer has a microhardness of 728.1 HV0.3 and reached a microhardness depth of 2471.44 µm, which is twice as high as untreated samples of En24 steel. From this study, it can be summarized that the microhardness of laser treated samples is maximized by controlling laser beam power, laser scanning speed and standoff distance, which improve...

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering

Laser hardening is one of the reasonable procedures utilized to improve surface mechanical and we... more Laser hardening is one of the reasonable procedures utilized to improve surface mechanical and wear resistance of target materials. This process is easy to use for improving surface properties of complex shape components with minimum time requirement. The beauty of this process is that it is possible to improve only selective surface properties without altering the remaining surface properties of bulk material. Ck45 steel has various important properties like hardness, superior wear resistance and frictional performance etc. These properties are useful in various industrial applications. The existing study is an attempt to analyse results on surface properties with the aid of process parameters of a laser hardening process on hardness depth and microstructure of laser hardened Ck45 steel the use of a design of experimental approach. From this analysis, it can be summarized that the depth of the surface layer hardness is maximized by controlling the laser beam power, laser scan speed...

International Journal of Precision Technology

Engineering Failure Analysis

Abstract This paper presents the case study of failure analysis of coal ash slurry handling pipel... more Abstract This paper presents the case study of failure analysis of coal ash slurry handling pipeline used in the thermal power plant. The failure was identified at the bottom portion of the pipeline. Cracks (Hole) and deep pits were observed at the bottom inner surface of the pipeline. Visual examination, dimensional analysis, SEM and EDS analysis of failure pipeline was done in the present failure case. Also, coal bottom ash was analysed using particle size and weight analysis, ultimate, proximate, SEM, EDS and solid concentration analysis for the present failure case. The analysis results have shown that the failure occurs due to the coal ash solid particle impact and deposited corrosion at the inner bottom surface of the pipeline i.e. solid particle slurry erosion wear. The slurry pipeline was made of mild steel.

Procedia CIRP

Abstract Titanium and its alloys are used in many applications like bio-medical, marine, automoti... more Abstract Titanium and its alloys are used in many applications like bio-medical, marine, automotive and aerospace. Inorder to achieve desired surface finish without traditional coolants, investigation of micro end mills wear analysis in high speed micro end milling process is essential. Micro end mill performance while machining can be evaluated using cutting force analysis. In this paper tool wear investigation of uncoated & PVD coated AlTiN, TiAlN tungsten carbide end mills in high-speed micro end milling of Titanium Alloy - Grade 12 (Near Alpha) - Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni- under dry cutting conditions was presented. The present investigation was also supported by the cutting force analysis. Tool wear observation was done by SEM analysis. EDX analysis was performed to know the material constituents and wear mechanisms on the cutting tool tip. It is found that diffusion, oxidation, adhesive and abrasive wear mechanisms were the major phenomena taking place on the cutting edge of micro end mills. From the comparison of cutting tools for machining Titanium Alloy-Grade 12, it was found that uncoated tools performed better than AlTiN and TiAlN tungsten carbide tools.

Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals

A356 alloy is used in pump impeller, casing and pipes in power plant, naval, petrochemical and ot... more A356 alloy is used in pump impeller, casing and pipes in power plant, naval, petrochemical and other applications where slurry erosion occurs. A356 hypoeutectic Al–Si Mg alloy has excellent castability and weldability with good resistance to wear and corrosion properties. The present study focuses on the effect of microstructure and hardness on slurry erosion wear behaviour of A356 alloy. The experiments were carried out on unalloyed A356 without stirring (WS), with stirring A356 (STIR) and the addition of strontium-modified A356 (SR) surface using slurry pot test rig. The indigenous-made laboratory-scale developed test rig was used for present investigation. Experiments were conducted at a constant velocity and constant concentration of solid particles of sample slurry under the impact angle ranging from 15° to 90° with high increment. A high-precision electronic weight balance was used to measure mass loss of the wear sample. The metallographic and material removal analyses were studied by using an optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. It was found that A356 (STIR and SR) alloys exhibited improved properties in terms of hardness and slurry erosion wear resistances than the A356 WS alloy.

Materials Today: Proceedings

Abstract The laser cladding is one of the efficient surfaces coating technique used for erosion w... more Abstract The laser cladding is one of the efficient surfaces coating technique used for erosion wear resistance. Due to spontaneity of this effect coupled with diversified applications, laser coating has remained a topic of various research studies among the scientific community. To begin with the research study, it is essential for an investigator to familiar with previous investigations carried out in the relevant area. Hence the present study is focused on explore the various effect of input parameters on laser cladding process for the good quality of clad layer like machining parameters, characteristics of cladding material, characteristics of laser beam, and characteristics of product. Also focused on previous research related to erosion wear response mainly slurry erosion wear. Finally, some inference drowns from the overview and concludes future research scope that will be helpful to a new researcher in the field of laser cladding as erosion resistive technique.

ChemistrySelect

In the present investigation, the waste utilization approach has been followed for the bioenergy ... more In the present investigation, the waste utilization approach has been followed for the bioenergy production. The focus is on the fly ash utilization for the development of heterogeneous catalyst synthesis under solvent‐free conditions. The fly ash is one of the environmental pollutant and unwanted material in thermal power plants. The sulfated fly ash (SFA) catalyst is synthesized by the sulfonation of waste fly ash. This catalyst has been characterized by various analysis such as elemental, thermal, spectral, surface area, acidity and basicity etc. The catalyst has been found to exhibit various phases such as Quartz, Mullite, Hematite, Lime etc. and thermally stable upto 550 °C. The results obtained from NH3‐TPD and CO2‐TPD analysis, confirms the presence of acid (0.401 mmol / g) and basic (0.197 mmol / g) sites in the SFA catalyst. Further, the utility of SFA catalyst has been demonstrated in the biodiesel production via esterification reaction from maize acid oil (MAO) feedstock containing high free fatty acid (FFA) (127.21 mg KOH / g). The maize acid oil is one of the biowaste feedstock, mainly a by‐product obtained from the refining of crude maize oil. Taguchi method and Box‐Behnken Design (BBD) have been applied to investigate the effect of different reaction parameters on the biodiesel production. The use of SFA catalyst has been found to be advantageous especially, in the biodiesel production from feedstock with high FFA content.

Titanium Alloys - Novel Aspects of Their Processing [Working Title]

Green technology is one of the major aspects in order to reduce the global pollution content from... more Green technology is one of the major aspects in order to reduce the global pollution content from manufacturing industries. There is a need to investigate the different available tools for high-speed micromilling process of advanced alloys to achieve desired surface finish without traditional coolants. In this chapter, tool wear investigation of uncoated and PVD-coated AlTiN, TiAlN tungsten carbide end mills in high-speed micro-end milling of alpha + beta Ti-6Al-4V ELI titanium alloy (Grade 23) under dry cutting conditions was presented. A comparison for machining performance with the three tools is reported. Cutting force analysis was done under the considered machining input parameters for evaluating the tool condition. Tool wear observation was done by SEM analysis. EDX analysis was performed to know the material constituents and wear mechanisms on the cutting tool tip. It is found that diffusion, oxidation, adhesive and abrasive wear mechanisms were the major phenomena taking place on the cutting edge of micro end mills. From the comparison of cutting tools for machining Grade 23 titanium alloy, it was found that TiAlN tools performed better than AlTiN and uncoated tungsten carbide tools.

Materials Today: Proceedings

Abstract Material loss due to erosion wear is a serious problem associated with flow of solid-liq... more Abstract Material loss due to erosion wear is a serious problem associated with flow of solid-liquid mixtures. Slurry erosion limits the useful life of equipment and is therefore a critical parameter for design, selection and operation of the hydraulic transportation system. Engineering interest is to estimate the service life of equipment / components subjected to slurry erosion and to investigate the possibilities of enhancement of their life. To being with the research work, it is essential for a researcher to get acquainted with previous investigation carried out in the relevant domain. Hence, present overview is intended to put forward the various type of test rig used for the experimental work by various researchers. Also explore the effect of tribological parameters on erosion wear mainly slurry erosion like target material, erodent material, impact angle, impact velocity, particle size and solid concentration. Finally, some inference drowns from an overview and concludes future research scope that will be helpful to a new researcher in the field of slurry erosion wear.

Materials Today: Proceedings

Abstract Study of laboratory simulated conditions of tribological behavior of sugar mill roller s... more Abstract Study of laboratory simulated conditions of tribological behavior of sugar mill roller shaft has shown that the cracks initiated on the surface were consequences from the tribological phenomenon at the sliding interface. The contaminated interface with sugar cane juice and dried waste called bagasse resulted in a tribofilm which played important role in the sliding behavior. The work was undertaken to characterize wear debris formed and study the tribochemical reactions during sliding wear of shaft material EN8 against E52100 steel under different sliding conditions. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) was used for understanding of physical and chemical changes of shaft material caused by friction. Debris analysis suggests that the compositional changes within the wear particles accelerate the wear.

Post Covid-19 pandemic situation has resulted lacs of job losses in Bharat. Authors have put effo... more Post Covid-19 pandemic situation has resulted lacs of job losses in Bharat.
Authors have put efforts to create new ways of jobs creation to improve real productivity of MSME and government sectors without significant impact on cost.The identified nos of jobs in tune of approx 5 crores+ in government sectors and 10 crores+ in MSME sectors.The main benifits are improved better utilization of available idle resources with better services to common man.

Proceedings of the World Congress on …, 2009

I C engines are the largest energy converting units for the mobile application across the globe a... more I C engines are the largest energy converting units for the mobile application across the globe and millions of litres of oil is converted into mechanical energy using these engines every day. It has been recognized that a large amount of energy is lost in the friction between Piston ring-Cylinder assembly. Hence this area has been the interest of research for decades. Oil film thickness formed between the piston ring and the liner has a major impact on reduction of power loss due to friction. A micro review on prediction of Oil Film Thickness in piston ring-cylinder assembly has been presented in order to have an over view of the research going on in this area. An attempt has been made to incorporate the research work of leading researchers and to focus light on the major parameters affecting OFT and their impact on the OFT. This review may be helpful for new upcoming researchers to identify the areas for future research.

Indian small and medium enterprises need to build and maintain competitiveness against the challe... more Indian small and medium enterprises need to build and maintain competitiveness against the challenges posed by globalization. To achieve a sustainable growth, the ministry of MSME, government of India has launched lean manufacturing competiveness scheme (LMCS). Under it, a cluster of 8 to10 MSMEs are formed to implement various lean principles. National Productivity Council has reported only 58% success rate for pilot phase implementations but on the ground, the sustention rate is much lower. The investigation has been made in such a cluster to evaluate the existing scenario of maintenance management and to present contextual issues for execution and sustention of maintenance management strategy. 10 cases were undertaken with methodology of structured questionnaire and semi structured interviews. The SPSS software was utilized to perform the required statistical analysis of collected data. This research would present the insight of Indian SMEs with new data and findings not only on ...

Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering

Titanium alloys are widely used in many applications such as Aerospace, Automotive, Biomedical, M... more Titanium alloys are widely used in many applications such as Aerospace, Automotive, Biomedical, Marine, Mining and Oil Industries. Titanium elucidates many engineering challenges for its effective utilization. The tool wear, material removal rate, surface finish and overall cost in titanium machining are major challenges. In order to meet these challenges conventional high speed machining may be one of the solutions to produce more durable and quality products. The present paper discusses to find the most efficient combination of tool, machining parameters, milling strategy, workpiece materials, etc. for the particular application. The work carried out by various researchers is studied in the field of conventional machining of titanium alloys considering only turning and milling operation and important findings are narrated.

The slurry erosion wear behaviour of coal bottom ash handling pipeline was investigated with an e... more The slurry erosion wear behaviour of coal bottom ash handling pipeline was investigated with an effect of operating parameters under water-based slurry, through a slurry pot test rig. Mild steel (MS) has been selected for test sample material as representative of coal ash slurry handling pipeline material. The solid–liquid mixture is prepared using coal bottom ash by mixing with tap water. The sieve analysis was performed to designate the particles size. The average mass loss of the two specimens has been used to evaluate the erosion rate in g/g of solids. Experiments were conducted in four different sets with at 4 and 5 m/s velocity, 550 and 1500 µm particle size and 10 and 30% by weight concentration for impact angle range 7.5°–90°. A mass loss of the wear specimen is measured on an electronic balance with precision having least count (L.C.) of 0.1 mg. The variation of erosion rate with impact angle for MS has shown the increase in erosion wear rate with increase in impact angle t...

In developing country like India, SMEs are still struggling for a suitable model for maintenance ... more In developing country like India, SMEs are still struggling for a suitable model for maintenance management. An effort has been made to prepare the pragmatic model of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) in context of Indian SMEs as they are working with many inherent limitations. 10 companies (participants of Lean Manufacturing Competitiveness Scheme - LMCS project by Ministry of MSME, India) have undertaken for this research with qualitative and qualitative data. Based on prima-facie research, 7 hypotheses were formulated and evaluated by questionnaire instrument. The SPSS 22.0 is utilized for Reliability test, One way ANOVA, Tukey Simultaneous, Cross Tabulation Chi-Square test and other descriptive statistics. Here, in this paper, the brief statistical interpretation and discussion are presented to evaluate the odds related to TPM implementation in Indian SMEs. The number of companies interested to participate in the study was poor, as a majority of SMEs could not find compatibilit...

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering

In presented paper through experimental investigation is carried out with fiber laser system so a... more In presented paper through experimental investigation is carried out with fiber laser system so as to evaluate the effects of laser surface hardening process parameters on the microhardness (width and depth) of the laser treated En24 steel using a Taguchi method. The optical microscope and microhardness tester is used to examine the microstructure, microhardness (width and depth) of the laser hardened samples across the heat affected zone. The selected process parameters were laser beam power (210, 225 and 300 W), laser scanning speed (1.0, 5.5 and 10.0 mm/s) and standoff distance (175, 200 and 225 mm) respectively. The laser treated hardened surface layer has a microhardness of 728.1 HV0.3 and reached a microhardness depth of 2471.44 µm, which is twice as high as untreated samples of En24 steel. From this study, it can be summarized that the microhardness of laser treated samples is maximized by controlling laser beam power, laser scanning speed and standoff distance, which improve...

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering

Laser hardening is one of the reasonable procedures utilized to improve surface mechanical and we... more Laser hardening is one of the reasonable procedures utilized to improve surface mechanical and wear resistance of target materials. This process is easy to use for improving surface properties of complex shape components with minimum time requirement. The beauty of this process is that it is possible to improve only selective surface properties without altering the remaining surface properties of bulk material. Ck45 steel has various important properties like hardness, superior wear resistance and frictional performance etc. These properties are useful in various industrial applications. The existing study is an attempt to analyse results on surface properties with the aid of process parameters of a laser hardening process on hardness depth and microstructure of laser hardened Ck45 steel the use of a design of experimental approach. From this analysis, it can be summarized that the depth of the surface layer hardness is maximized by controlling the laser beam power, laser scan speed...

International Journal of Precision Technology

Engineering Failure Analysis

Abstract This paper presents the case study of failure analysis of coal ash slurry handling pipel... more Abstract This paper presents the case study of failure analysis of coal ash slurry handling pipeline used in the thermal power plant. The failure was identified at the bottom portion of the pipeline. Cracks (Hole) and deep pits were observed at the bottom inner surface of the pipeline. Visual examination, dimensional analysis, SEM and EDS analysis of failure pipeline was done in the present failure case. Also, coal bottom ash was analysed using particle size and weight analysis, ultimate, proximate, SEM, EDS and solid concentration analysis for the present failure case. The analysis results have shown that the failure occurs due to the coal ash solid particle impact and deposited corrosion at the inner bottom surface of the pipeline i.e. solid particle slurry erosion wear. The slurry pipeline was made of mild steel.

Procedia CIRP

Abstract Titanium and its alloys are used in many applications like bio-medical, marine, automoti... more Abstract Titanium and its alloys are used in many applications like bio-medical, marine, automotive and aerospace. Inorder to achieve desired surface finish without traditional coolants, investigation of micro end mills wear analysis in high speed micro end milling process is essential. Micro end mill performance while machining can be evaluated using cutting force analysis. In this paper tool wear investigation of uncoated & PVD coated AlTiN, TiAlN tungsten carbide end mills in high-speed micro end milling of Titanium Alloy - Grade 12 (Near Alpha) - Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni- under dry cutting conditions was presented. The present investigation was also supported by the cutting force analysis. Tool wear observation was done by SEM analysis. EDX analysis was performed to know the material constituents and wear mechanisms on the cutting tool tip. It is found that diffusion, oxidation, adhesive and abrasive wear mechanisms were the major phenomena taking place on the cutting edge of micro end mills. From the comparison of cutting tools for machining Titanium Alloy-Grade 12, it was found that uncoated tools performed better than AlTiN and TiAlN tungsten carbide tools.

Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals

A356 alloy is used in pump impeller, casing and pipes in power plant, naval, petrochemical and ot... more A356 alloy is used in pump impeller, casing and pipes in power plant, naval, petrochemical and other applications where slurry erosion occurs. A356 hypoeutectic Al–Si Mg alloy has excellent castability and weldability with good resistance to wear and corrosion properties. The present study focuses on the effect of microstructure and hardness on slurry erosion wear behaviour of A356 alloy. The experiments were carried out on unalloyed A356 without stirring (WS), with stirring A356 (STIR) and the addition of strontium-modified A356 (SR) surface using slurry pot test rig. The indigenous-made laboratory-scale developed test rig was used for present investigation. Experiments were conducted at a constant velocity and constant concentration of solid particles of sample slurry under the impact angle ranging from 15° to 90° with high increment. A high-precision electronic weight balance was used to measure mass loss of the wear sample. The metallographic and material removal analyses were studied by using an optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. It was found that A356 (STIR and SR) alloys exhibited improved properties in terms of hardness and slurry erosion wear resistances than the A356 WS alloy.

Materials Today: Proceedings

Abstract The laser cladding is one of the efficient surfaces coating technique used for erosion w... more Abstract The laser cladding is one of the efficient surfaces coating technique used for erosion wear resistance. Due to spontaneity of this effect coupled with diversified applications, laser coating has remained a topic of various research studies among the scientific community. To begin with the research study, it is essential for an investigator to familiar with previous investigations carried out in the relevant area. Hence the present study is focused on explore the various effect of input parameters on laser cladding process for the good quality of clad layer like machining parameters, characteristics of cladding material, characteristics of laser beam, and characteristics of product. Also focused on previous research related to erosion wear response mainly slurry erosion wear. Finally, some inference drowns from the overview and concludes future research scope that will be helpful to a new researcher in the field of laser cladding as erosion resistive technique.

ChemistrySelect

In the present investigation, the waste utilization approach has been followed for the bioenergy ... more In the present investigation, the waste utilization approach has been followed for the bioenergy production. The focus is on the fly ash utilization for the development of heterogeneous catalyst synthesis under solvent‐free conditions. The fly ash is one of the environmental pollutant and unwanted material in thermal power plants. The sulfated fly ash (SFA) catalyst is synthesized by the sulfonation of waste fly ash. This catalyst has been characterized by various analysis such as elemental, thermal, spectral, surface area, acidity and basicity etc. The catalyst has been found to exhibit various phases such as Quartz, Mullite, Hematite, Lime etc. and thermally stable upto 550 °C. The results obtained from NH3‐TPD and CO2‐TPD analysis, confirms the presence of acid (0.401 mmol / g) and basic (0.197 mmol / g) sites in the SFA catalyst. Further, the utility of SFA catalyst has been demonstrated in the biodiesel production via esterification reaction from maize acid oil (MAO) feedstock containing high free fatty acid (FFA) (127.21 mg KOH / g). The maize acid oil is one of the biowaste feedstock, mainly a by‐product obtained from the refining of crude maize oil. Taguchi method and Box‐Behnken Design (BBD) have been applied to investigate the effect of different reaction parameters on the biodiesel production. The use of SFA catalyst has been found to be advantageous especially, in the biodiesel production from feedstock with high FFA content.

Titanium Alloys - Novel Aspects of Their Processing [Working Title]

Green technology is one of the major aspects in order to reduce the global pollution content from... more Green technology is one of the major aspects in order to reduce the global pollution content from manufacturing industries. There is a need to investigate the different available tools for high-speed micromilling process of advanced alloys to achieve desired surface finish without traditional coolants. In this chapter, tool wear investigation of uncoated and PVD-coated AlTiN, TiAlN tungsten carbide end mills in high-speed micro-end milling of alpha + beta Ti-6Al-4V ELI titanium alloy (Grade 23) under dry cutting conditions was presented. A comparison for machining performance with the three tools is reported. Cutting force analysis was done under the considered machining input parameters for evaluating the tool condition. Tool wear observation was done by SEM analysis. EDX analysis was performed to know the material constituents and wear mechanisms on the cutting tool tip. It is found that diffusion, oxidation, adhesive and abrasive wear mechanisms were the major phenomena taking place on the cutting edge of micro end mills. From the comparison of cutting tools for machining Grade 23 titanium alloy, it was found that TiAlN tools performed better than AlTiN and uncoated tungsten carbide tools.

Materials Today: Proceedings

Abstract Material loss due to erosion wear is a serious problem associated with flow of solid-liq... more Abstract Material loss due to erosion wear is a serious problem associated with flow of solid-liquid mixtures. Slurry erosion limits the useful life of equipment and is therefore a critical parameter for design, selection and operation of the hydraulic transportation system. Engineering interest is to estimate the service life of equipment / components subjected to slurry erosion and to investigate the possibilities of enhancement of their life. To being with the research work, it is essential for a researcher to get acquainted with previous investigation carried out in the relevant domain. Hence, present overview is intended to put forward the various type of test rig used for the experimental work by various researchers. Also explore the effect of tribological parameters on erosion wear mainly slurry erosion like target material, erodent material, impact angle, impact velocity, particle size and solid concentration. Finally, some inference drowns from an overview and concludes future research scope that will be helpful to a new researcher in the field of slurry erosion wear.

Materials Today: Proceedings

Abstract Study of laboratory simulated conditions of tribological behavior of sugar mill roller s... more Abstract Study of laboratory simulated conditions of tribological behavior of sugar mill roller shaft has shown that the cracks initiated on the surface were consequences from the tribological phenomenon at the sliding interface. The contaminated interface with sugar cane juice and dried waste called bagasse resulted in a tribofilm which played important role in the sliding behavior. The work was undertaken to characterize wear debris formed and study the tribochemical reactions during sliding wear of shaft material EN8 against E52100 steel under different sliding conditions. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) was used for understanding of physical and chemical changes of shaft material caused by friction. Debris analysis suggests that the compositional changes within the wear particles accelerate the wear.

Titanium alloys are widely used in many applications such as Aerospace, Automotive, Biomedical, M... more Titanium alloys are widely used in many applications such as Aerospace, Automotive, Biomedical, Marine, Mining and Oil Industries. Titanium elucidates many engineering challenges for its effective utilization. The tool wear, material removal rate, surface finish and overall cost in titanium machining are major challenges. In order to meet these challenges conventional high speed machining may be one of the solutions to produce more durable and quality products. The present paper discusses to find the most efficient combination of tool, machining parameters, milling strategy, workpiece materials, etc. for the particular application. The work carried out by various researchers is studied in the field of conventional machining of titanium alloys considering only turning and milling operation and important findings are narrated.