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Papers by Dharmendra Jain

Genetic Testing and Molecular Biomarkers, 2010

Karyotyping was done in 100 children suspected of having chromosomal abnormalities of genetically... more Karyotyping was done in 100 children suspected of having chromosomal abnormalities of genetically uncertain syndromes, multiple congenital anomalies, short stature, dysmorphic features, unclassified mental retardation, and Down syndrome. A total of 56 patients had an abnormal karyotype: ring chromosome of 13 was seen in 1 patient (1.78%), and trisomy 21 was seen in 29 patients (51.78%) who were diagnosed as Down syndrome patients. Among them, 9 were male patients (31.03%) (47,XY+21) and 18 were female patients (47,XX+21) (62.06%); 2 patients showed 47,XY+21/46,XY (mosaicism) (6.89%). Chromosomal rearrangements involving chromosome numbers 13, 14, and 21 were seen in three patients. Among them, one patient had t(13;21) [45,XX,t(13;21)] and two patients had 45,XY,t(14;21). Trisomy 22 was seen in three patients (5.3%), marker chromosome was seen in two patients (3.57%), 46,XY,16qh variant was seen in one patient (1.78%), 46,XX,der(2) was seen in one patient (1.78%), 46,XX,14ps+ was seen in two patients (3.57%), and 46,XY,r(18) was seen in three patients (5.37%). Apart from this, 11 patients (19.64%) had sex chromosome aberrations: 45,XO was seen in 3 patients (27.7%), 4 patients were mosaic for Turner syndrome (45,XO/46,XX) (36.36%), and 4 patients had 46,Xi(Xp) (36.36%), and the remaining 44 patients had normal karyotypes. All of them showed phenotypic-cytogenetic heterogeneity. These findings suggest that cytogenetic analysis is useful in the investigation of children with genetic disorders of unknown origin to confirm clinical diagnosis and to allow for proper genetic counseling.

Biotechnology Letters, 2008

Growth of Streptococcus zooepidemicus in a 10 l bioreactor with 50 g sucrose/l and 10 g casein hy... more Growth of Streptococcus zooepidemicus in a 10 l bioreactor with 50 g sucrose/l and 10 g casein hydrolysate/l gave 5–6 g hyaluronic acid/l after 24–28 h. Purification of hyaluronic acid gave a recovery of 65% with the final material having an Mr of ∼4 × 106 Da with less than 0.1% protein.

Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2008

Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) polymers with three different molecular weights were prepared, ... more Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) polymers with three different molecular weights were prepared, and microparticles were produced by spray drying and water-in-oil-water (w/o/w) double emulsion techniques to encapsulate 86% of doxycycline (DXY), an antibiotic drug, for the use of periodontitis. Placebo and drug-loaded microspheres and pristine DXY were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, which indicated no chemical interactions between DXY and PLGA. X-ray diffraction of drug-loaded microspheres confirmed the molecular level dispersion of DXY in PLGA. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed spherical nature and smooth surfaces of the microspheres. Mean particle size as measured by laser light scattering technique ranged between 10 and 25 μm. In vitro release of DXY performed in 7.4 pH media continued up to 72 h and depended on molecular weight of PLGA and extent of DXY loading. Antimicrobial studies performed on one formulation and placebo microspheres suggested that drug concentrations during in vitro release are above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Staphylococcus aureus growth. Overall, the release studies depended on the molecular weight of PLGA, extent of drug loading, and the method used to prepare microspheres. Statistical analyses of release data performed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) method agreed well with experimental observations. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008

Genetic Testing and Molecular Biomarkers, 2010

Karyotyping was done in 100 children suspected of having chromosomal abnormalities of genetically... more Karyotyping was done in 100 children suspected of having chromosomal abnormalities of genetically uncertain syndromes, multiple congenital anomalies, short stature, dysmorphic features, unclassified mental retardation, and Down syndrome. A total of 56 patients had an abnormal karyotype: ring chromosome of 13 was seen in 1 patient (1.78%), and trisomy 21 was seen in 29 patients (51.78%) who were diagnosed as Down syndrome patients. Among them, 9 were male patients (31.03%) (47,XY+21) and 18 were female patients (47,XX+21) (62.06%); 2 patients showed 47,XY+21/46,XY (mosaicism) (6.89%). Chromosomal rearrangements involving chromosome numbers 13, 14, and 21 were seen in three patients. Among them, one patient had t(13;21) [45,XX,t(13;21)] and two patients had 45,XY,t(14;21). Trisomy 22 was seen in three patients (5.3%), marker chromosome was seen in two patients (3.57%), 46,XY,16qh variant was seen in one patient (1.78%), 46,XX,der(2) was seen in one patient (1.78%), 46,XX,14ps+ was seen in two patients (3.57%), and 46,XY,r(18) was seen in three patients (5.37%). Apart from this, 11 patients (19.64%) had sex chromosome aberrations: 45,XO was seen in 3 patients (27.7%), 4 patients were mosaic for Turner syndrome (45,XO/46,XX) (36.36%), and 4 patients had 46,Xi(Xp) (36.36%), and the remaining 44 patients had normal karyotypes. All of them showed phenotypic-cytogenetic heterogeneity. These findings suggest that cytogenetic analysis is useful in the investigation of children with genetic disorders of unknown origin to confirm clinical diagnosis and to allow for proper genetic counseling.

Biotechnology Letters, 2008

Growth of Streptococcus zooepidemicus in a 10 l bioreactor with 50 g sucrose/l and 10 g casein hy... more Growth of Streptococcus zooepidemicus in a 10 l bioreactor with 50 g sucrose/l and 10 g casein hydrolysate/l gave 5–6 g hyaluronic acid/l after 24–28 h. Purification of hyaluronic acid gave a recovery of 65% with the final material having an Mr of ∼4 × 106 Da with less than 0.1% protein.

Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2008

Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) polymers with three different molecular weights were prepared, ... more Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) polymers with three different molecular weights were prepared, and microparticles were produced by spray drying and water-in-oil-water (w/o/w) double emulsion techniques to encapsulate 86% of doxycycline (DXY), an antibiotic drug, for the use of periodontitis. Placebo and drug-loaded microspheres and pristine DXY were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, which indicated no chemical interactions between DXY and PLGA. X-ray diffraction of drug-loaded microspheres confirmed the molecular level dispersion of DXY in PLGA. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed spherical nature and smooth surfaces of the microspheres. Mean particle size as measured by laser light scattering technique ranged between 10 and 25 μm. In vitro release of DXY performed in 7.4 pH media continued up to 72 h and depended on molecular weight of PLGA and extent of DXY loading. Antimicrobial studies performed on one formulation and placebo microspheres suggested that drug concentrations during in vitro release are above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Staphylococcus aureus growth. Overall, the release studies depended on the molecular weight of PLGA, extent of drug loading, and the method used to prepare microspheres. Statistical analyses of release data performed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) method agreed well with experimental observations. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008