Dhruba Ghimire - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Dhruba Ghimire
PLOS Global Public Health
Birth registration, an essential component of the civil registration system, is expected to be co... more Birth registration, an essential component of the civil registration system, is expected to be complete and universal. This study assesses the progress made in recent years and identifies gaps in birth registration in Nepal. Data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys undertaken in 2014 and 2019 are used for the analysis. The two surveys included a total of 12,007 children under five years of age living with their mothers at the time of the surveys. The survey respondents were 11,821 mothers and 186 caretakers (in the case of those without mothers) of the children. The variations in the proportion of births registered among various subgroups of the children are assessed by performing bivariate analysis and binary logistic regression. Birth registration increased considerably, from 58% (95% CI: 57–59%) in 2014 to 77% (95% CI: 76–78%) in 2019. Several of the disparities between and among the various population subgroups that were evident in the 2014 survey had been considerably r...
Within the geographic data processing domain, a broad range of problems exists that are not or on... more Within the geographic data processing domain, a broad range of problems exists that are not or only insufficiently solvable using existing local computational resources. With the continuous set up of international spatial data infrastructures, the problem of intensive data exchange grows. Whereas network capacities have reached enormous scales in the industrial countries, the exchange of large XML encoded geographic data sets is still an obstacle in large parts of Asia, Africa, and South- and Central America. Today, more and more complex chains are used to extract valid information out of raw data sets. Workflow description languages are under development allowing a dynamic set up of complex chains, implying multiple steps of data accessing, data processing, and data visualization. Each step causes network traffic. If we measure the distance a single date has to cover before being delivered to the final user in number of geographically dispersed Web Services, it could be certified t...
FIG Working Week 2005 and GSDI-8, 2005
Within the geographic data processing domain, a broad range of problems exists that are not or on... more Within the geographic data processing domain, a broad range of problems exists that are not or only insufficiently solvable using existing local computational resources. With the continuous set up of international spatial data infrastructures, the problem of intensive data exchange grows. Whereas network capacities have reached enormous scales in the industrial countries, the exchange of large XML encoded geographic data sets is still an obstacle in large parts of Asia, Africa, and South- and Central America. Today, more and more complex chains are used to extract valid information out of raw data sets. Workflow description languages are under development allowing a dynamic set up of complex chains, implying multiple steps of data accessing, data processing, and data visualization. Each step causes network traffic. If we measure the distance a single date has to cover before being delivered to the final user in number of geographically dispersed Web Services, it could be certified t...
ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands, 2005
I would like to express special gratitude to my first Supervisor, Dr. A. Wytzisk for his scientif... more I would like to express special gratitude to my first Supervisor, Dr. A. Wytzisk for his scientific guidance, great understanding, and for his critical reviews during the compilations of this thesis. His guidance has made a very useful expository impact on me during the work. I also wish to appreciate my second Supervisor, Ir. R. L G. Lemmens for his additional insight and very useful comments from the beginning of this study, which helped me to organize this study. I would like to thank ITC for giving me this opportunity to increase my knowledge. My sincere gratitude goes to GFM Program Director, G.C. Huurneman, and student advisor, Dr. V.A. (Valentyn) Tolpekin for their encouragement and guidance. I also thank all teachers and staff of ITC for their diligence and cooperation during the period of my stay at ITC.
The purpose of this chapter is to analyse disparity in Nepal’s Higher Education sector along gend... more The purpose of this chapter is to analyse disparity in Nepal’s Higher Education sector along gender, geographical and economic dimensions. The inequality in education is analysed for indicators that relate to both access and quality of higher education. The analysis is done for two time periods for observing trends in the indicators of higher education. The chapter analyses both demand side and supply side elements of access to higher education such as availability of higher education institutions (HEIs), government budget and scholarships. Through analysis of both demand side and supply side initiatives, we show that Nepal has made impressive achievements in increasing higher education enrolment; however, this level of gross enrolment rate (GER) is not enough to graduate to middle income status by 2030. The quality of higher education is poor in terms of providing input as well as teaching/learning processes. Teachers, students, university management and politicians should take res...
SUMMARY Within the geographic data processing domain, a broad range of problems exists that are n... more SUMMARY Within the geographic data processing domain, a broad range of problems exists that are not or only insufficiently solvable using existing local computational resources. With the continuous set up of international spatial data infrastructures, the problem of intensive data exchange grows. Whereas network capacities have reached enormous scales in the industrial countries, the exchange of large XML encoded geographic data sets is still an obstacle in large parts of Asia, Africa, and South- and Central America. Today, more and more complex chains are used to extract valid information out of raw data sets. Workflow description languages are under development allowing a dynamic set up of complex chains, implying multiple steps of data accessing, data processing, and data visualization. Each step causes network traffic. If we measure the distance a single date has to cover before being delivered to the final user in number of geographically dispersed Web Services, it could be certified that it extends continuously. The Grid provides an approach for sharing geographically and organizationally dispersed heterogeneous computational resources. Grid technology has been used in many disciplines, although very few exist in the geographic domain. Merged with agent-based technologies Grid services can dynamically move within a network and perform their tasks at those locations where the best performance is guaranteed respectively the network traffic can be minimized. This paper will describe how the three approaches, standardized Web-based Geo- Information Services, agent-based services and Grid could be integrated.
There is wide variation of family planning services use among ethnic groups in Nepal. Despite thr... more There is wide variation of family planning services use among ethnic groups in Nepal. Despite three decades of implementation the need for family planning services is substantially unmet (25%), and there have been no systematic studies evaluating the impact of the family planning program. This study pooled data from nationally representative surveys conducted in 1996, 2001, and 2006. Multilevel logistic regression analysis of 23,381 married women of reproductive age nested within 764 clusters indicated that Muslims, Janjatis, and Dalits were significantly less likely to use contraceptives than Brahmins and Chhetries (OR=0.27, 0.88 and 0.82 respectively). The odds of using contraceptives by the Newar were higher than the odds for Brahmins and Chhetries, although it was not significant. Exposure of women to family planning messages through health facilities, family planning workers, radio, and television increased the odds of using modern contraceptives. However, the impact of family planning information on contraceptive use varied according to ethnicity. We also found that modern contraceptive use varied significantly across the clusters, and the clusterlevel indicators, such as mean age at marriage, mean household asset score, percentage of women with secondary education, and percentage of women working away from home, were important in explaining this.
PLOS Global Public Health
Birth registration, an essential component of the civil registration system, is expected to be co... more Birth registration, an essential component of the civil registration system, is expected to be complete and universal. This study assesses the progress made in recent years and identifies gaps in birth registration in Nepal. Data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys undertaken in 2014 and 2019 are used for the analysis. The two surveys included a total of 12,007 children under five years of age living with their mothers at the time of the surveys. The survey respondents were 11,821 mothers and 186 caretakers (in the case of those without mothers) of the children. The variations in the proportion of births registered among various subgroups of the children are assessed by performing bivariate analysis and binary logistic regression. Birth registration increased considerably, from 58% (95% CI: 57–59%) in 2014 to 77% (95% CI: 76–78%) in 2019. Several of the disparities between and among the various population subgroups that were evident in the 2014 survey had been considerably r...
Within the geographic data processing domain, a broad range of problems exists that are not or on... more Within the geographic data processing domain, a broad range of problems exists that are not or only insufficiently solvable using existing local computational resources. With the continuous set up of international spatial data infrastructures, the problem of intensive data exchange grows. Whereas network capacities have reached enormous scales in the industrial countries, the exchange of large XML encoded geographic data sets is still an obstacle in large parts of Asia, Africa, and South- and Central America. Today, more and more complex chains are used to extract valid information out of raw data sets. Workflow description languages are under development allowing a dynamic set up of complex chains, implying multiple steps of data accessing, data processing, and data visualization. Each step causes network traffic. If we measure the distance a single date has to cover before being delivered to the final user in number of geographically dispersed Web Services, it could be certified t...
FIG Working Week 2005 and GSDI-8, 2005
Within the geographic data processing domain, a broad range of problems exists that are not or on... more Within the geographic data processing domain, a broad range of problems exists that are not or only insufficiently solvable using existing local computational resources. With the continuous set up of international spatial data infrastructures, the problem of intensive data exchange grows. Whereas network capacities have reached enormous scales in the industrial countries, the exchange of large XML encoded geographic data sets is still an obstacle in large parts of Asia, Africa, and South- and Central America. Today, more and more complex chains are used to extract valid information out of raw data sets. Workflow description languages are under development allowing a dynamic set up of complex chains, implying multiple steps of data accessing, data processing, and data visualization. Each step causes network traffic. If we measure the distance a single date has to cover before being delivered to the final user in number of geographically dispersed Web Services, it could be certified t...
ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands, 2005
I would like to express special gratitude to my first Supervisor, Dr. A. Wytzisk for his scientif... more I would like to express special gratitude to my first Supervisor, Dr. A. Wytzisk for his scientific guidance, great understanding, and for his critical reviews during the compilations of this thesis. His guidance has made a very useful expository impact on me during the work. I also wish to appreciate my second Supervisor, Ir. R. L G. Lemmens for his additional insight and very useful comments from the beginning of this study, which helped me to organize this study. I would like to thank ITC for giving me this opportunity to increase my knowledge. My sincere gratitude goes to GFM Program Director, G.C. Huurneman, and student advisor, Dr. V.A. (Valentyn) Tolpekin for their encouragement and guidance. I also thank all teachers and staff of ITC for their diligence and cooperation during the period of my stay at ITC.
The purpose of this chapter is to analyse disparity in Nepal’s Higher Education sector along gend... more The purpose of this chapter is to analyse disparity in Nepal’s Higher Education sector along gender, geographical and economic dimensions. The inequality in education is analysed for indicators that relate to both access and quality of higher education. The analysis is done for two time periods for observing trends in the indicators of higher education. The chapter analyses both demand side and supply side elements of access to higher education such as availability of higher education institutions (HEIs), government budget and scholarships. Through analysis of both demand side and supply side initiatives, we show that Nepal has made impressive achievements in increasing higher education enrolment; however, this level of gross enrolment rate (GER) is not enough to graduate to middle income status by 2030. The quality of higher education is poor in terms of providing input as well as teaching/learning processes. Teachers, students, university management and politicians should take res...
SUMMARY Within the geographic data processing domain, a broad range of problems exists that are n... more SUMMARY Within the geographic data processing domain, a broad range of problems exists that are not or only insufficiently solvable using existing local computational resources. With the continuous set up of international spatial data infrastructures, the problem of intensive data exchange grows. Whereas network capacities have reached enormous scales in the industrial countries, the exchange of large XML encoded geographic data sets is still an obstacle in large parts of Asia, Africa, and South- and Central America. Today, more and more complex chains are used to extract valid information out of raw data sets. Workflow description languages are under development allowing a dynamic set up of complex chains, implying multiple steps of data accessing, data processing, and data visualization. Each step causes network traffic. If we measure the distance a single date has to cover before being delivered to the final user in number of geographically dispersed Web Services, it could be certified that it extends continuously. The Grid provides an approach for sharing geographically and organizationally dispersed heterogeneous computational resources. Grid technology has been used in many disciplines, although very few exist in the geographic domain. Merged with agent-based technologies Grid services can dynamically move within a network and perform their tasks at those locations where the best performance is guaranteed respectively the network traffic can be minimized. This paper will describe how the three approaches, standardized Web-based Geo- Information Services, agent-based services and Grid could be integrated.
There is wide variation of family planning services use among ethnic groups in Nepal. Despite thr... more There is wide variation of family planning services use among ethnic groups in Nepal. Despite three decades of implementation the need for family planning services is substantially unmet (25%), and there have been no systematic studies evaluating the impact of the family planning program. This study pooled data from nationally representative surveys conducted in 1996, 2001, and 2006. Multilevel logistic regression analysis of 23,381 married women of reproductive age nested within 764 clusters indicated that Muslims, Janjatis, and Dalits were significantly less likely to use contraceptives than Brahmins and Chhetries (OR=0.27, 0.88 and 0.82 respectively). The odds of using contraceptives by the Newar were higher than the odds for Brahmins and Chhetries, although it was not significant. Exposure of women to family planning messages through health facilities, family planning workers, radio, and television increased the odds of using modern contraceptives. However, the impact of family planning information on contraceptive use varied according to ethnicity. We also found that modern contraceptive use varied significantly across the clusters, and the clusterlevel indicators, such as mean age at marriage, mean household asset score, percentage of women with secondary education, and percentage of women working away from home, were important in explaining this.