Diann Eley - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Diann Eley

The oral health profession is often perceived publicly as stressed, depressed and prone to suicid... more The oral health profession is often perceived publicly as stressed, depressed and prone to suicide. Oral health students during their training are faced with a large theoretical workload, while simultaneously learning fine motor laboratory and patient centred clinical skills. The transactional stress theory describes stress as neither the result of the individual or the environment, but the relationship between them. Currently, very little is known about the personality of oral health students and how they might cope in their university environments. This study aims to investigate the wellbeing of oral health students in Australia and New Zealand.

PsycEXTRA Dataset, 2013

Objective. The health and well being of medical doctors is vital to their longevity and safe prac... more Objective. The health and well being of medical doctors is vital to their longevity and safe practice. The concept of resilience is recognised as a key component of well being and is an important factor in medical training to help doctors learn to cope with challenge, stress, and adversity. This study examined the relationship of resilience to personality traits and resilience in doctors in order to identify the key traits that promote or impair resilience. Methods. A cross sectional cohort of 479 family practitioners in practice across Australia was studied. The Temperament and Character Inventory measured levels of the seven basic dimensions of personality and the Resilience Scale provided an overall measure of resilience. The associations between resilience and personality were examined by Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients, controlling for age and gender (α = 0.05 with an accompanying 95% confidence level) and multiple regression analyses. Results. Strong to medium positive correlations were found between Resilience and Self-directedness (r = .614, p < .01), Persistence (r = .498, p < .01), and Cooperativeness (r = .363, p < .01) and negative with Harm Avoidance (r =. − 555, p < .01). Individual differences in personality explained 39% of the variance in resilience [F(7,460) = 38.40, p < .001]. The three traits which contributed significantly to this variance were Self-directedness (β = .33, p < .001), Persistence (β = .22, p < .001) and Harm Avoidance (β = .19, p < .001). Conclusion. Resilience was associated with a personality trait pattern that is mature, responsible, optimistic, persevering, and cooperative. Findings support the inclusion of resilience as a component of optimal functioning and well being in doctors. Strategies for enhancing resilience should consider the key traits that drive or impair it.

Australian Health Review, 2020

Australia’s clinical research communities responded quickly to COVID-19. Similarly, research fund... more Australia’s clinical research communities responded quickly to COVID-19. Similarly, research funding to address the pandemic was appropriately fast-tracked and knowledge promptly disseminated. This swift and purposeful research response is encouraging and reflects thorough and meticulous training of the academic workforce; in particular the clinician scientist. Clinician scientists have formal clinical and research qualifications (primarily PhD), and are at the forefront of translating knowledge into health care. Yet in reality, advances in medical research are not rapid. Scientific discovery results from the long-term accumulation of knowledge. The drivers of this knowledge are often PhD students who provide new lines of clinical inquiry coupled with the advanced training of early- and mid-career researchers who sustain discovery through a clinician scientist workforce. A crucial point during these COVID-19 times is that this initial investment in training must be nurtured and main...

Final report from a project that addressed the nationally recognized need to develop and deliver ... more Final report from a project that addressed the nationally recognized need to develop and deliver a robust package of work-based assessment (WBA) tools for health professional students in diverse clinical settings as a means of testing their teamwork competencies and interprofessional collaboration in the workplace. Teamwork competencies are included as both graduate attributes in general and in healthcare curricula in particular but are rarely assessed. The project provided an assessment framework that not only assesses students individually as team members but also considers a team as a single entity with a view to enhancing team performance. This partnership of four Australian and one Canadian university reviewed and evaluated existing WBA tools for teamwork across the health professions and developed a framework and instruments for formative assessment that are valid, reliable, feasible and suitable for the provision of timely and constructive feedback to students.;

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021

Producing enough doctors working in general practice or rural locations, or both, remains a key g... more Producing enough doctors working in general practice or rural locations, or both, remains a key global policy focus. However, there is a lack of evidence about doctors’ emerging commitment to these decisions. This study aimed to explore changes in the level of certainty about career interest in working in general practice and working rurally, as doctors pass through various early career stages. The participants were 775 eligible respondents to a 2019 survey of medical graduates of The University of Queensland from 2002–2018. Certainty levels of specialty choice were similar between GPs and specialists up until the beginning of registrar training. At that point, 65% of GPs compared with 80% of other specialists had strong certainty of their specialty field. Consistently (and significantly) less of those working rurally had strong certainty of the location where they wanted to practice medicine at each career time point. At the start of registrar training, a similar gap remained (stro...

European Journal of Dental Education, 2021

IntroductionDental therapists, hygienists and oral health therapists constitute up to a third of ... more IntroductionDental therapists, hygienists and oral health therapists constitute up to a third of the dental workforce in Australia and New Zealand. Personality is often explored in health professions to provide insights into traits that are conducive to workforce retention and to assist in planning and training. This study aimed to investigate the current demographic and personality characteristics of oral health students in Australia and New Zealand.Materials and MethodsStudents in years one to three of all eight undergraduate Bachelor of Oral Health programs in Australia and New Zealand were invited to complete an online survey. The survey measured activities prior to entering into oral health, career intentions and included a personality questionnaire, the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI).ResultsThree quarters of participants (n = 336; 30% response rate; females = 90%) were single, from an urban area and 20–29 years of age. Oral health students overall portrayed high tra...

Rural and Remote Health, 2015

Introduction: The ongoing rural doctor workforce shortage continues to stimulate interest in new ... more Introduction: The ongoing rural doctor workforce shortage continues to stimulate interest in new strategies to alleviate the situation. Alongside increasingly promising approaches is the notion that attracting and nurturing the 'right' individuals may be paramount to achieving long-term success in recruitment and retention. This study compares the patterns of demographic and temperament and character trait profiles of general practice registrars in training across three Australian vocational training pathways: the Australian College of Rural and Remote Medicine independent rural pathway, and the rural and general pathways of Australian general practice training. The aim is to describe the predominant personalities of existing trainees. At its foundation, this study strives to obtain more information about those individuals choosing rural practice, which may inform ways to enhance future recruitment and training into rural medicine. This rationale has been explored with medical students using intention as the dependent variable, but registrars are that much closer to their final career choice, and therefore may provide more practical and reliable indicators of the notion of who attracts whom into rural practice. Methods: A cross-sectional design sampled four registrar training groups: one from the Australian College of Rural and Remote Medicine, one Australian general practice training rural only, and two Australian general practice training rural and general pathway

Rural and Remote Health, 2009

Introduction: This article provides an in-depth investigation of the accommodation circumstances ... more Introduction: This article provides an in-depth investigation of the accommodation circumstances of a population of aging adults with intellectual disability living at home with parents or in supported accommodation in an Australian regional centre. Given the ageing of both the carer and adult population with intellectual disability our research explored the accommodation needs and perceptions of future lifestyle issues from the perspective of both the carers and the adults with intellectual disability. This study aimed to describe these accommodation circumstances related to a regional/rural location and did not make direct comparisons with urban/metropolitan situations. Methods: A mixed methods approach, specifically an explanatory design, participant selection model was utilised for the overall study. This article reports on the qualitative study consisting of data from both free response open-ended survey questions and © DS Eley, J Boyes, L Young, DG Hegney, 2009. A licence to publish this material has been given to ARHEN http://www.rrh.org.au 2 semi-structured interviews with selected adults with intellectual disability and their carers. This study explored and described participants' experiences and perceptions regarding their accommodation needs and future lifestyle issues. A purposive sampling technique was used to identify a representative sample of participants for interviews. The interview questions were guided by the results of the quantitative first study phase. Data were analysed by content analysis for major themes emerging from the interview and free response survey data. Results: A total of 146 carers (mean age 61.5 years; range 40-91 years) and 156 adults with intellectual disability (mean age 37.2 years; range 18-79 years) participated in the study. Data saturation was reached after 10 interviews were undertaken with carers (mean age 60 years) and 10 with adults with intellectual disability (no age criteria applied). Six major themes were identified: ageing, family issues, living at home, living away from home, government support and funding, and future needs. The perceptions and views of both adults with intellectual disability and their carers around these major themes are reported and discussed. Conclusions: This study indicates that there is a lack of suitable, available, supported accommodation for people aged 18 years and older with intellectual disability in this Australian regional centre. Consequently, aging parents caring at home have little choice but to continue in their caring role. For those caring away from home, existing services are decreasingly seen as fitting the ideal life they want for the person with intellectual disability for whom they care. The told experiences, perceptions and views of older carers of and adults with intellectual disability have highlighted their increasing vulnerability to the 'disability system'. The findings suggest that government and disability services must acknowledge the changing needs of people with intellectual disability in connection with their advancing age and the urgency of increasing care needs due to the advancing age of their carer/s. The overwhelming feeling is that the carer's voice will only be heard when the situation reaches crisis point. For many carers and their families this has already occurred.

Rural and Remote Health, 2011

The continued poorer health status of rural and remote Australians when compared with their urban... more The continued poorer health status of rural and remote Australians when compared with their urban counterparts is cause for concern. The use of advanced technology to improve access to health care has the potential to assist in addressing this problem. Telemedicine is one example of such technology which has advanced rapidly in its capacity to increase access to healthcare services or provide previously unavailable services. The important anticipated benefits of greater access to healthcare services are improved health outcomes and more cost-effective delivery. Methods: A national study was conducted to investigate the current perceived use and usefulness of telemedicine from the perspective of users and providers, and their views on how telemedicine could be expanded in Australia. In one component of this national study, the expert opinion of experienced providers of telemedicine services was elicited using a Grounded Theory approach and using semi-structured interviews which were analysed thematically. This article reports on the barriers to the uptake of telemedicine identified by this sub-sample. Results: The primary barriers identified were: funding; time; infrastructure; equipment; skills; and preference for the traditional approach. While funding is a well-known barrier to the uptake of telemedicine, the extra time required for a telemedicine consultation has particular implications for the workload of rural doctors. The comparatively poor internet access available in rural Australia combines with difficulties accessing some items such as a computer, to make equipment an issue. Even though lack of equipment skills was identified as a barrier, the providers in this study reported that rural doctors are adept at using the telephone/teleconferencing and facsimile. A preference for a traditional approach can reflect a lack of interest in learning computer skills or difficulty acquiring this skill set.

The Australian and New Zealand Student Services Association, 2017

Trigger warnings are proposed as a strategy to keep university students safe from potentially dis... more Trigger warnings are proposed as a strategy to keep university students safe from potentially distressing material. While used internationally for several years, they have begun to be formally implemented in some Australian universities. This paper provides a critical review of the underlying theoretical premises of trigger warnings and the personal and professional impact of such warnings for students in health professions. As with most short-term avoidance strategies, trigger warnings are likely to have a negative impact on student mental health, rather than improve it. The warnings undermine the autonomy and selfmanagement skills of students as independent, adult learners. If these warnings become more widespread, they have significant implications for the resilience of students. For students in health professions, who need skills to manage a wide-range of often unpleasant topics and provide responsive and competent treatment for their patients, they have the potential to result in adverse outcomes in patient care. The development of coping skills to flexibly self-manage and self-regulate emotions and behaviour is an important graduate attribute and provides an alternative to counterproductive trigger warnings.

BMC Medical Education, 2018

Background: Clinician-scientist training represents the epitome of preparation for biomedical sci... more Background: Clinician-scientist training represents the epitome of preparation for biomedical scientific discovery. The significance of, and need for, clinician-scientists is universally recognised as essential to progress medical research across what is regarded as the 'translational gap'. Despite a rich history of cutting-edge biomedical research, Australia has no infrastructure or career pathway for training clinician-scientists. Discussion: The Clinician-scientist Track (CST) was developed to address this concern at the University of Queensland. The CST concept began in 2010 with the Concurrent MD-Masters that allowed students to undertake a research Masters concurrently with their medical program. The rationale was to offer an attractive and realistic option to recruit our highest performing students into a research higher degree, with the underlying aim of encouraging those most capable, to transfer to the MD-PhD. The Concurrent MD-Masters was immediately popular and remains so. Over 8 years, enrolments rose seven-fold (60 MD-Masters, 36 MD-PhDs). The transfer rate from MD-Masters to MD-PhD is 28% supporting our original aim. Conclusions: Many challenges remain for the future of the program. These challenges are underpinned by a culture that values clinician-scientists as crucial to ensuring that high quality health and medical research is undertaken and translated to patient care, but lags behind in establishing an infrastructure to develop and maintain a new generation of this vital workforce. A future challenge is to develop a coordinated approach to a supported Australian MD-PhD pathway for our most talented and committed students beginning in the undergraduate Bachelor's degree into the medical degree and throughout specialty training. Shared responsibility is necessary between institutions and stakeholders to support and nurture newly trained MD-PhDs into the postgraduate years. Flexibility across this medical training continuum that allows integration of both degrees will help ensure students make the most meaningful connections between the research and the medicine. What is paramount will be acknowledging the career expectations of an emerging cohort of medical students, in particular females, wishing to pursue research. Without these considerations we risk losing our next generation of potential clinician-scientists.

PeerJ, 2019

BackgroundCertain personal attributes, such as perfectionism and tolerance of ambiguity, have bee... more BackgroundCertain personal attributes, such as perfectionism and tolerance of ambiguity, have been identified as influential in high achieving students. Medical students have been identified as high achievers and perfectionistic, and as such may be challenged by ambiguity. Medical students undertake a long and challenging degree. Personality has been shown to influence the well-being and coping and may equip some students to better cope with challenges. This paper examines the association between temperament and character personality profiles with measures of tolerance of ambiguity and with both adaptive and maladaptive constructs of perfectionism.MethodsA self-report questionnaire collected data on a sample of 808 Australian medical students in 2014 and 2015. Personality was measured using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCIR-140) and classified traits as profiles using a latent class analysis. Two profiles were found. Profile 1 was characterized by low-average levels of H...

International Journal of Practice-based Learning in Health and Social Care, 2014

The need for competent interprofessional health care professionals is well recognised. Various ed... more The need for competent interprofessional health care professionals is well recognised. Various educational activities have been developed to facilitate the development of interprofessional competence. In this paper we describe an interprofessional, fieldwork experience conducted in a developing country, and the learning gained by the first cohort of students who completed the five week immersion. Eight final year students from Medicine, Occupational Therapy, Physiotherapy and Speech Pathology were interviewed pre-and post-placement by an independent researcher. The transcribed interviews were analysed thematically. Findings indicated that over the placement students gained an appreciation of the skills of the other disciplines and were able to move beyond a textbook definition of what a certain profession did to acquire a real understanding of interprofessional practice. However, students reported that this understanding was predicated on their first clarifying the extent to which they were working in a transdisciplinary or interdisciplinary team, and becoming more confident in their own disciplinary contribution without reliance on formal documentation or standardised assessments. Using daily team discussions, self-reflections and discussions with clinical educators, the students learned to prioritise their busy caseload, share resources and skills, and facilitate team members to achieve therapeutic goals. The interprofessional learning took place in an intercultural context where the students learned to work with children with severe disabilities, with staff with different classroom approaches, and with interpreters, while adjusting emotionally to the level of unmet need of many of the children. Based on the students' experiences, immersion in an intercultural fieldwork experience is a useful way to facilitate interprofessional learning.

Australian family physician, 2016

Evidence suggests that current models of chronic disease management within general practice are n... more Evidence suggests that current models of chronic disease management within general practice are not effective in meeting the needs of the community. The objective of this article is to examine patients' perceptions of a nurse-led collaborative model of care trialled in three general practices in Australia. This article reports on the second phase of a mixed-methods study in which semi-structured interviews with purposively selected patients were conducted to elicit information about their perceptions of nurse-led care. Three themes emerged from the data - time, ambiance and dimensions of the nurse role. The results suggest that general practice nurses had a positive impact on patients' ability to manage their chronic disease. This infers that there is scope for general practice nurses to expand their role in chronic disease management to assist patients to better self-manage their chronic diseases.

The Medical Journal of Australia, 2015

Australian family physician, 2005

Australian family physician, 2010

With an estimated 80% of Australians visiting a general practitioner at least once a year, the da... more With an estimated 80% of Australians visiting a general practitioner at least once a year, the data generated by GPs is a rich source of the overall health profile of patients. However, this data is rarely used to report on health outcomes. This article reports on the use of remote access of electronic medical records (EMRs) for the purpose of collecting data during a collaborative research project involving the staff of three general practices and an external research team. Throughout the project numerous benefits to remotely accessing general practice EMRs were identified. However, there remain some difficulties which need to be addressed. An increased functionality of the software programs used in general practice is required, along with improvements in the utilisation of the software capabilities. Collaboration between clinicians, researchers and clinical software developers will be vital to advance this process.

Australian health review : a publication of the Australian Hospital Association, 2014

To determine the economic feasibility in Australian general practices of using a practice nurse (... more To determine the economic feasibility in Australian general practices of using a practice nurse (PN)-led care model of chronic disease management. A cost-analysis of item numbers from the Medicare Benefit Schedule (MBS) was performed in three Australian general practices, one urban, one regional and one rural. Patients (n =254; >18 years of age) with chronic conditions (type 2 diabetes, hypertension, ischaemic heart disease) but without unstable or major health problems were randomised into usual general practitioner (GP) or PN-led care for management of their condition over a period of 12 months. After the 12-month intervention, total MBS item charges were evaluated for patients managed for their stable chronic condition by usual GP or PN-led care. Zero-skewness log transformation was applied to cost data and log-linear regression analysis was undertaken. There was an estimated A$129 mean increase in total MBS item charges over a 1-year period (controlled for age, self-reported ...

Australian family physician, 2008

Chronic condition management in general practice is projected to account for 50% of all consultat... more Chronic condition management in general practice is projected to account for 50% of all consultations by 2051. General practices under present workforce conditions will be unable to meet this demand. Nurse led collaborative care models of chronic disease management have been successful overseas and are proposed as one solution. This article provides an interim report on a prospective randomised trial to investigate the acceptability, cost effectiveness and feasibility of a nurse led model of care for chronic conditions in Australian general practice. A qualitative study focused on the impact of this model of care through the perceptions of practice staff from one urban and one regional practice in Queensland, and one Victorian rural practice. Primary benefits of the collaborative care model focused on increased efficiency and communication between practice staff and patients. The increased degree of patient self responsibility was noted by all and highlights the motivational aspect ...