Dinesh Kumar - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Dinesh Kumar

Research paper thumbnail of Characterization of Lactobacillus isolated from dairy samples for probiotic properties

Anaerobe, 2015

In the present study twelve Lactobacillus isolates (LBS 1-LBS 12) were characterized for probioti... more In the present study twelve Lactobacillus isolates (LBS 1-LBS 12) were characterized for probiotic properties. Out of the twelve, eight isolates (LBS 1-6, 8 and 11) were bile resistant (survival > 50% at 0.3% bile salt w/v) and five isolates (LBS 1, 2, 5, 6 and 11) were found acid pH value resistant (survival > 50% at pH 3). All twelve isolates inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus whereas isolate LBS 2 also inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of isolates was also performed and isolate LBS 2 was selected for further study based on its broad spectrum effect in clinical pathogen inhibition. LBS 2 was characterized phenotypically at Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India and was confirmed as Lactobacillus rhamnosus by 16S rDNA sequencing and subsequent analysis using BLAST. The gene sequence was deposited in GenBank with accession number KJ562858. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study was used to study in vitro epithelial cell adherence and bile salt effect on isolate LBS 2. Epithelial cells adherence assay showed positive results and surface roughness of LBS 2 increased with increase in bile salt (0.15-0.45% w/v).

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Research paper thumbnail of Anti-anxiety Activity of Methanolic Extracts of Different Parts of Angelica archangelica Linn

Journal of traditional and complementary medicine, 2012

Angelica archangelica Linn.is a herb distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world... more Angelica archangelica Linn.is a herb distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In Indian and Chinese system of medicine, it is used for nervous disorders and cerebral diseases. Previously the aqueous extract of the A. archangelica was evaluated for anxiolytic activity and was found to have significant potential for the same. The present study is aimed to evaluate the anxiolytic activity of methanol extract of root (MER), stem (MES), leaf (MEL), fruit (MEF) and whole plant (MEW) of Angelica archangelica Linn. All the extracts (MER, MES, MEL, MEF and MEW) were evaluated for anxiolytic effects using elevated plus maze test (EPM) model in rats. Methanol extracts of different parts of A.archangelica had increased number of entries and time spent in open arms while they decreased the number of entries and duration of time spent in closed arm of the EPM. In a similar fashion, the diazepam increased the percentage of time spent and percentage of arm entries in the open arms (*P <0.05, **P <0.01). Whole plant and the root had the maximum, leaf and fruits showed intermediate, while stem had the least anxiolytic activity (*P <0.05, **P <0.01) in EPM (Figure 1-5). The head dip count in DZ, SMR400, SML400, SMF400 and SMW400 in open arm are significantly shown in Table 1. The DZ, SMF400 and SMW did not show the fecal bolus while other groups were reduced the fecal bolus significantly (**P…

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Research paper thumbnail of Anti-anxiety activity of successive extracts of Angelica archangelica Linn. on the elevated T-maze and forced swimming tests in rats

Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan / sponsored by All-China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2012

Angelica archangelica Linn. is widely used in food and liquor preparations and also in Kashmiri f... more Angelica archangelica Linn. is widely used in food and liquor preparations and also in Kashmiri folk medicine to reduce anxiety. We evaluated the anxiolytic effect of successive extracts of A. archangelica linn. (SAE) on rats tested in the elevated T-maze test (an animal model of generalized anxiety) at doses that exhibit antidepressant-like activity in humans. A. archangelica (1 kg) was subjected to successive extraction in a soxhlet apparatus with solvents [petroleum ether (40-60 degrees C), chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and decoction with water] in order of increasing polarity (yield: 6.9%, 7.3%, 5.1%, 11.88% and 8.2% w/w, respectively). SAE were evaluated for anxiolytic effects using the elevated T-maze and forced swimming tests in rats. Oral dosing of diazepam (1 mg/kg) and extracts (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) clearly showed an anxiolytic-like profile in the elevated T-maze test: it increased one-way escape and decreased inhibitory avoidance on the first, third and seventh day. In the forced swimming test, imipramine and SAE showed antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects as reflected by increased climbing time, swimming time and decreased immobility time on the first, third and seventh day. Aqueous and methanol extracts showed the most, petroleum ether (40-60 degrees C) and chloroform intermediate, and ethyl acetate the least anxiolytic activity (*P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P< 0.001) in both models. These results suggest the anti-anxiety activity of various extracts of A. archangelica and strongly justify its use in traditional Indian medicine for the treatment of anxiety.

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Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of clinical profile of the patients treated at ayurvedic health facilities in north India

International journal of preventive medicine, 2013

Since a very long time, a significant number of patients have been seeking treatment at Complemen... more Since a very long time, a significant number of patients have been seeking treatment at Complementary and Alternative Medicine health facilities, but the disease burden at these facilities has never been assessed and documented. Present cross-sectional study was carried out at Ayurvedic tertiary care hospital to document and to assess the rationale of disease reporting at Ayurvedic institutions of the northern state of India from January 2011 to October 2011. Almost half of the patients' morbidities were not classified at all into any of the disease categories. The common reported morbidities at study hospital were: Respiratory (10.5%), neuromuscular (9.5%), digestive (9.2%) and circulatory (9.1%) disorders. As the majority of diseases were unclassified, so mainstreaming of the effective disease surveillance would be required to understand the morbidity pattern and successful treatment practices at health facilities.

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Research paper thumbnail of Capacity building of AYUSH practitioners to study the feasibility of their involvement in non-communicable disease prevention and control

Ancient science of life, 2012

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Research paper thumbnail of Menstrual Pattern among Unmarried Women from Northern India

Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR, 2013

Menstruation disorders are also responsible for emotional, physical, behavioural and dietary prac... more Menstruation disorders are also responsible for emotional, physical, behavioural and dietary practice changes. These changes affect their normal functioning and social life. The present study was carried out to find the prevalence of menstrual problems among unmarried girls of Chandigarh, India and to compare their knowledge and beliefs regarding menstruation in different sub-groups. A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 744 unmarried females in Rural, Urban and Slum strata of UT Chandigarh, India. Data were collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire on menstruation. Chi-square value was used for testing statistical significance. The mean age of the respondents was 16.84±3.05 years. Maximum respondents (40.9%) were educated up to 10th standard/High school. 448 (60.2%) were aware of menstruation before starting of menarche. Awareness was found to be significantly associated (p=0.02) with age. Socio-economic status and prior knowledge of respondents was also found to be significantly associated (p< 0.001). 61% (454) of the respondents had a regular flow during menses. Normal flow was reported by 70.2 %(522) of the respondents. Dysmenorrhea was found to be the most common problem suffered by 429 (57.7%) respondents. Menstrual hygiene is an issue that needs to be addressed at all levels. A variety of factors are known to affect menstrual behaviors, the most influential ones being economic status. It is essential to design a mechanism to address and for the access of healthy menstrual practices.

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Research paper thumbnail of Impact of surface area of silica particles on dissolution rate and oral bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs: a case study with aceclofenac

International journal of pharmaceutics, Jan 30, 2014

This study aims to evaluate the impact of surface area of silica particles on in vitro release of... more This study aims to evaluate the impact of surface area of silica particles on in vitro release of poorly soluble drug aceclofenac and their in vivo performances. Mesoporous silicas of different surface area and porosity were synthesized and characterized. Aceclofenac loaded silicas were prepared by solvent evaporation technique and characterized for surface area, pore size, DSC, FTIR and p-XRD. The dissolution efficiency (DE) of the mesoporous and nonporous silica was ∼2 times more than that of plain drug and marketed tablets in acidic discriminating media. A significant enhancement of 189% and 164% in oral bioavailability (AUC0-8) was observed for optimized aceclofenac loaded mesoporous formulation (MS11/72) and nonporous silica (NP), respectively, when compared to plain aceclofenac in male Wistar rats. However, no correlation could be established between the enhancements in their oral bioavailability and their corresponding surface area. The surface area of MS11/72 was 5 times more (∼1011 m(2)/g) when compared to NP (∼200 m(2)/g) and the enhancement in the oral bioavailability was only 1.15 times. This could be due to the limiting value of effective surface area of the drug available for in vitro dissolution beyond which, any further increase in surface area fails to improve the release rate or its bioavailability.

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Research paper thumbnail of Community based assessment of biochemical risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in rural and tribal area of himalayan region, India

Biochemistry research international, 2013

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Research paper thumbnail of Experiments with a novel content-based image retrieval software: can we eliminate classification systems in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?

Global spine journal, 2014

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Research paper thumbnail of Treatment Outcome Among the Retreatment Tuberculosis (TB) Patients under RNTCP in Chandigarh, India

Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR, 2014

&... more 'RETREATMENT' for Tuberculosis (TB) has long been a neglected area in global TB control. While other components of the Stop TB Strategy have garnered appropriate focus and, increasingly, sufficient resources, issues related to the TB of patients previously treated for tuberculosis remain under examined and under-resourced. A longitudinal study was designed and the patients registered under Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) category II from June 2010 to December 2011.Out of total 607 patients registered during this period under category II of RNTCP in Chandigarh (India), 545 consented to participate in the study. These were followed up to September 2012 till the completion of treatment. The analysis was done by using SPPS-18 statistical software package. Chi- square test was used for testing association of different characteristics. Four Hundred Thirty (78.9%) of the patients had pulmonary TB and 115(21.1%) of the patients had extra pulmonary TB. In the study cohort of category II patients 264(48.4%) were relapse patients,167(30.6%) belonged to others category, 75(13.8%) were on treatment after default, 39(7.2%) were failure cases. The mean age of patients was 35.92 ± 15.42 (p = 0.928). Maximum patients belonged to age group of 25-34 years (25.3%). Seventy Three (13.4%) were Illiterate. In treatment after default group only 65.3% patients were cured. Maximum deaths 8% were seen in treatment after default group of patients. The overall default in the study was 5.9%. The findings of this study suggest that it is essential to monitor re-treatment patients with same vigour to reduce default and improve their treatment outcome.

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Research paper thumbnail of High prevalence of pfcrt K76T and mdr1 N86Y mutations in Sonitpur district of Assam, India

Journal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology, 2014

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Research paper thumbnail of Level of literacy and dementia: A secondary post-hoc analysis from North-West India

Journal of neurosciences in rural practice, 2014

A relation between literacy and dementia has been studied in past and an association has been doc... more A relation between literacy and dementia has been studied in past and an association has been documented. This is in spite of some studies pointing to the contrary. The current study was aimed at investigating the influence of level of literacy on dementia in a sample stratified by geography (Migrant, Urban, Rural and Tribal areas of sub-Himalayan state of Himachal Pradesh, India). The study was based on post-hoc analysis of data obtained from a study conducted on elderly population (60 years and above) from selected geographical areas (Migrant, Urban, Rural and Tribal) of Himachal Pradesh state in North-west India. Analysis of variance revealed an effect of education on cognitive scores [F = 2.823, P =0.01], however, post-hoc Tukey's HSD test did not reveal any significant pairwise comparisons. The possibility that education effects dementia needs further evaluation, more so in Indian context.

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Research paper thumbnail of Topical application of substance P promotes wound healing in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Cytokine, Jan 5, 2015

Substance P (SP) is known to stimulate angiogenesis, fibroblasts proliferation and expressions of... more Substance P (SP) is known to stimulate angiogenesis, fibroblasts proliferation and expressions of cytokines and growth factors involved in wound healing. However, SP level reduces in dermis in diabetics and, hence, it was hypothesized that exogenously applied SP could be helpful in improving wound healing in diabetic rats. Excision skin wound was created on the back of diabetic rats and rats were divided into three groups i.e. (i) saline-, (ii) gel- and (iii) SP-treated. Normal saline, pluronic gel and SP (10(-6)M) in gel were topically applied once daily for 19days. SP treatment significantly increased the wound closure, levels of interleukin-10, and expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta1, heme oxygenase-1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase, whereas it significantly decreased the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta and matrix metalloproteinases-9 in the granulation/healing tissue. The inflammatory cells were present for long time in normal saline-treated group. Histological evaluation revealed better extracellular matrix formation with marked fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition in SP-treated group. Early epithelial layer formation, increased microvessel density and greater growth associated protein-43 positive nerve fibers were also evidenced in SP-treated group. In conclusion, SP treatment markedly accelerated cutaneous wound healing in diabetic rats.

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Research paper thumbnail of Lipoidal soft hybrid biocarriers of supramolecular construction for drug delivery

ISRN pharmaceutics, 2012

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Research paper thumbnail of Pharmacognostic evaluation of leaf and root bark of Holoptelea integrifolia Roxb

Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine, 2012

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Research paper thumbnail of Parry-romberg syndrome: a case of late onset with rapid progression

Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR, 2014

Parry-Romberg syndrome (PRS) or progressive hemifacial atrophy is rare, poorly understood conditi... more Parry-Romberg syndrome (PRS) or progressive hemifacial atrophy is rare, poorly understood condition with an unclear aetiology and characterized by slow and progressive atrophy affecting one side of the face. PRS is a syndrome with diverse presentation and the most common early sign is a painless cleft, the "coup de…

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Research paper thumbnail of Jejunojejunal intussusception with internal herniation in the stomach

The Indian journal of surgery, 2014

Jejunojejunal intussusception with internal herniation of the stomach through a gastrojejunostomy... more Jejunojejunal intussusception with internal herniation of the stomach through a gastrojejunostomy stoma is one of the rarest complications of the previous gastric surgery. The incidence is reported to be less than 0.1 %. An elderly male presented to the emergency room with signs of intestinal obstruction for 1 day. There was also history of appearance of a lump in the mid-abdomen. A primarily healed midline scar of the previous surgery was present; the details of which were not known. X ray abdomen in the erect posture showed multiple air fluid levels. Ultrasonography (USG) revealed dilated stomach with central hyperechogenicity with a peripheral rim of decreased echogenecity. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) scan showed jejunojejunal intussusception with internal herniation of the stomach. On laparotomy, it was found that there was a previous gastrojejunostomy with jejunal invagination leading to gangrene of a segment. Resection anastomosis was done. The postoperative period was uneventful.

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Research paper thumbnail of Computation and evaluation of features of surface electromyogram to identify the force of muscle contraction and muscle fatigue

BioMed research international, 2014

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Research paper thumbnail of Hypertension and diabetes as risk factors for dementia: A secondary post-hoc analysis from north-west India

Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology

A relation between midlife risk factors (hypertension and diabetes) and dementia has been studied... more A relation between midlife risk factors (hypertension and diabetes) and dementia has been studied in past and an association has been documented, in spite of some studies pointing to the contrary. The study was based on post-hoc analysis of data obtained from a study conducted on an elderly population (60 years and above) from selected geographical areas (migrant, urban, rural and tribal) of the Himachal Pradesh state in North-West India. Analysis of variance revealed an effect of risk factors on cognitive scores; however, post hoc Tukey's honest significant difference (HSD) test revealed that only hypertensives' demonstrated higher chances of scoring lower on cognitive measures. The possibility that hypertension and diabetes affect dementia needs further evaluation, more so in Indian context.

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Research paper thumbnail of Towards identification of finger flexions using single channel surface electromyography--able bodied and amputee subjects

Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 2013

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Research paper thumbnail of Characterization of Lactobacillus isolated from dairy samples for probiotic properties

Anaerobe, 2015

In the present study twelve Lactobacillus isolates (LBS 1-LBS 12) were characterized for probioti... more In the present study twelve Lactobacillus isolates (LBS 1-LBS 12) were characterized for probiotic properties. Out of the twelve, eight isolates (LBS 1-6, 8 and 11) were bile resistant (survival > 50% at 0.3% bile salt w/v) and five isolates (LBS 1, 2, 5, 6 and 11) were found acid pH value resistant (survival > 50% at pH 3). All twelve isolates inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus whereas isolate LBS 2 also inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of isolates was also performed and isolate LBS 2 was selected for further study based on its broad spectrum effect in clinical pathogen inhibition. LBS 2 was characterized phenotypically at Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India and was confirmed as Lactobacillus rhamnosus by 16S rDNA sequencing and subsequent analysis using BLAST. The gene sequence was deposited in GenBank with accession number KJ562858. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study was used to study in vitro epithelial cell adherence and bile salt effect on isolate LBS 2. Epithelial cells adherence assay showed positive results and surface roughness of LBS 2 increased with increase in bile salt (0.15-0.45% w/v).

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Research paper thumbnail of Anti-anxiety Activity of Methanolic Extracts of Different Parts of Angelica archangelica Linn

Journal of traditional and complementary medicine, 2012

Angelica archangelica Linn.is a herb distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world... more Angelica archangelica Linn.is a herb distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In Indian and Chinese system of medicine, it is used for nervous disorders and cerebral diseases. Previously the aqueous extract of the A. archangelica was evaluated for anxiolytic activity and was found to have significant potential for the same. The present study is aimed to evaluate the anxiolytic activity of methanol extract of root (MER), stem (MES), leaf (MEL), fruit (MEF) and whole plant (MEW) of Angelica archangelica Linn. All the extracts (MER, MES, MEL, MEF and MEW) were evaluated for anxiolytic effects using elevated plus maze test (EPM) model in rats. Methanol extracts of different parts of A.archangelica had increased number of entries and time spent in open arms while they decreased the number of entries and duration of time spent in closed arm of the EPM. In a similar fashion, the diazepam increased the percentage of time spent and percentage of arm entries in the open arms (*P <0.05, **P <0.01). Whole plant and the root had the maximum, leaf and fruits showed intermediate, while stem had the least anxiolytic activity (*P <0.05, **P <0.01) in EPM (Figure 1-5). The head dip count in DZ, SMR400, SML400, SMF400 and SMW400 in open arm are significantly shown in Table 1. The DZ, SMF400 and SMW did not show the fecal bolus while other groups were reduced the fecal bolus significantly (**P…

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Research paper thumbnail of Anti-anxiety activity of successive extracts of Angelica archangelica Linn. on the elevated T-maze and forced swimming tests in rats

Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan / sponsored by All-China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2012

Angelica archangelica Linn. is widely used in food and liquor preparations and also in Kashmiri f... more Angelica archangelica Linn. is widely used in food and liquor preparations and also in Kashmiri folk medicine to reduce anxiety. We evaluated the anxiolytic effect of successive extracts of A. archangelica linn. (SAE) on rats tested in the elevated T-maze test (an animal model of generalized anxiety) at doses that exhibit antidepressant-like activity in humans. A. archangelica (1 kg) was subjected to successive extraction in a soxhlet apparatus with solvents [petroleum ether (40-60 degrees C), chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and decoction with water] in order of increasing polarity (yield: 6.9%, 7.3%, 5.1%, 11.88% and 8.2% w/w, respectively). SAE were evaluated for anxiolytic effects using the elevated T-maze and forced swimming tests in rats. Oral dosing of diazepam (1 mg/kg) and extracts (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) clearly showed an anxiolytic-like profile in the elevated T-maze test: it increased one-way escape and decreased inhibitory avoidance on the first, third and seventh day. In the forced swimming test, imipramine and SAE showed antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects as reflected by increased climbing time, swimming time and decreased immobility time on the first, third and seventh day. Aqueous and methanol extracts showed the most, petroleum ether (40-60 degrees C) and chloroform intermediate, and ethyl acetate the least anxiolytic activity (*P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P< 0.001) in both models. These results suggest the anti-anxiety activity of various extracts of A. archangelica and strongly justify its use in traditional Indian medicine for the treatment of anxiety.

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Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of clinical profile of the patients treated at ayurvedic health facilities in north India

International journal of preventive medicine, 2013

Since a very long time, a significant number of patients have been seeking treatment at Complemen... more Since a very long time, a significant number of patients have been seeking treatment at Complementary and Alternative Medicine health facilities, but the disease burden at these facilities has never been assessed and documented. Present cross-sectional study was carried out at Ayurvedic tertiary care hospital to document and to assess the rationale of disease reporting at Ayurvedic institutions of the northern state of India from January 2011 to October 2011. Almost half of the patients' morbidities were not classified at all into any of the disease categories. The common reported morbidities at study hospital were: Respiratory (10.5%), neuromuscular (9.5%), digestive (9.2%) and circulatory (9.1%) disorders. As the majority of diseases were unclassified, so mainstreaming of the effective disease surveillance would be required to understand the morbidity pattern and successful treatment practices at health facilities.

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Research paper thumbnail of Capacity building of AYUSH practitioners to study the feasibility of their involvement in non-communicable disease prevention and control

Ancient science of life, 2012

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Research paper thumbnail of Menstrual Pattern among Unmarried Women from Northern India

Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR, 2013

Menstruation disorders are also responsible for emotional, physical, behavioural and dietary prac... more Menstruation disorders are also responsible for emotional, physical, behavioural and dietary practice changes. These changes affect their normal functioning and social life. The present study was carried out to find the prevalence of menstrual problems among unmarried girls of Chandigarh, India and to compare their knowledge and beliefs regarding menstruation in different sub-groups. A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 744 unmarried females in Rural, Urban and Slum strata of UT Chandigarh, India. Data were collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire on menstruation. Chi-square value was used for testing statistical significance. The mean age of the respondents was 16.84±3.05 years. Maximum respondents (40.9%) were educated up to 10th standard/High school. 448 (60.2%) were aware of menstruation before starting of menarche. Awareness was found to be significantly associated (p=0.02) with age. Socio-economic status and prior knowledge of respondents was also found to be significantly associated (p< 0.001). 61% (454) of the respondents had a regular flow during menses. Normal flow was reported by 70.2 %(522) of the respondents. Dysmenorrhea was found to be the most common problem suffered by 429 (57.7%) respondents. Menstrual hygiene is an issue that needs to be addressed at all levels. A variety of factors are known to affect menstrual behaviors, the most influential ones being economic status. It is essential to design a mechanism to address and for the access of healthy menstrual practices.

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Research paper thumbnail of Impact of surface area of silica particles on dissolution rate and oral bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs: a case study with aceclofenac

International journal of pharmaceutics, Jan 30, 2014

This study aims to evaluate the impact of surface area of silica particles on in vitro release of... more This study aims to evaluate the impact of surface area of silica particles on in vitro release of poorly soluble drug aceclofenac and their in vivo performances. Mesoporous silicas of different surface area and porosity were synthesized and characterized. Aceclofenac loaded silicas were prepared by solvent evaporation technique and characterized for surface area, pore size, DSC, FTIR and p-XRD. The dissolution efficiency (DE) of the mesoporous and nonporous silica was ∼2 times more than that of plain drug and marketed tablets in acidic discriminating media. A significant enhancement of 189% and 164% in oral bioavailability (AUC0-8) was observed for optimized aceclofenac loaded mesoporous formulation (MS11/72) and nonporous silica (NP), respectively, when compared to plain aceclofenac in male Wistar rats. However, no correlation could be established between the enhancements in their oral bioavailability and their corresponding surface area. The surface area of MS11/72 was 5 times more (∼1011 m(2)/g) when compared to NP (∼200 m(2)/g) and the enhancement in the oral bioavailability was only 1.15 times. This could be due to the limiting value of effective surface area of the drug available for in vitro dissolution beyond which, any further increase in surface area fails to improve the release rate or its bioavailability.

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Research paper thumbnail of Community based assessment of biochemical risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in rural and tribal area of himalayan region, India

Biochemistry research international, 2013

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Research paper thumbnail of Experiments with a novel content-based image retrieval software: can we eliminate classification systems in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?

Global spine journal, 2014

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Research paper thumbnail of Treatment Outcome Among the Retreatment Tuberculosis (TB) Patients under RNTCP in Chandigarh, India

Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR, 2014

&... more 'RETREATMENT' for Tuberculosis (TB) has long been a neglected area in global TB control. While other components of the Stop TB Strategy have garnered appropriate focus and, increasingly, sufficient resources, issues related to the TB of patients previously treated for tuberculosis remain under examined and under-resourced. A longitudinal study was designed and the patients registered under Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) category II from June 2010 to December 2011.Out of total 607 patients registered during this period under category II of RNTCP in Chandigarh (India), 545 consented to participate in the study. These were followed up to September 2012 till the completion of treatment. The analysis was done by using SPPS-18 statistical software package. Chi- square test was used for testing association of different characteristics. Four Hundred Thirty (78.9%) of the patients had pulmonary TB and 115(21.1%) of the patients had extra pulmonary TB. In the study cohort of category II patients 264(48.4%) were relapse patients,167(30.6%) belonged to others category, 75(13.8%) were on treatment after default, 39(7.2%) were failure cases. The mean age of patients was 35.92 ± 15.42 (p = 0.928). Maximum patients belonged to age group of 25-34 years (25.3%). Seventy Three (13.4%) were Illiterate. In treatment after default group only 65.3% patients were cured. Maximum deaths 8% were seen in treatment after default group of patients. The overall default in the study was 5.9%. The findings of this study suggest that it is essential to monitor re-treatment patients with same vigour to reduce default and improve their treatment outcome.

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Research paper thumbnail of High prevalence of pfcrt K76T and mdr1 N86Y mutations in Sonitpur district of Assam, India

Journal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology, 2014

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Research paper thumbnail of Level of literacy and dementia: A secondary post-hoc analysis from North-West India

Journal of neurosciences in rural practice, 2014

A relation between literacy and dementia has been studied in past and an association has been doc... more A relation between literacy and dementia has been studied in past and an association has been documented. This is in spite of some studies pointing to the contrary. The current study was aimed at investigating the influence of level of literacy on dementia in a sample stratified by geography (Migrant, Urban, Rural and Tribal areas of sub-Himalayan state of Himachal Pradesh, India). The study was based on post-hoc analysis of data obtained from a study conducted on elderly population (60 years and above) from selected geographical areas (Migrant, Urban, Rural and Tribal) of Himachal Pradesh state in North-west India. Analysis of variance revealed an effect of education on cognitive scores [F = 2.823, P =0.01], however, post-hoc Tukey's HSD test did not reveal any significant pairwise comparisons. The possibility that education effects dementia needs further evaluation, more so in Indian context.

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Research paper thumbnail of Topical application of substance P promotes wound healing in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Cytokine, Jan 5, 2015

Substance P (SP) is known to stimulate angiogenesis, fibroblasts proliferation and expressions of... more Substance P (SP) is known to stimulate angiogenesis, fibroblasts proliferation and expressions of cytokines and growth factors involved in wound healing. However, SP level reduces in dermis in diabetics and, hence, it was hypothesized that exogenously applied SP could be helpful in improving wound healing in diabetic rats. Excision skin wound was created on the back of diabetic rats and rats were divided into three groups i.e. (i) saline-, (ii) gel- and (iii) SP-treated. Normal saline, pluronic gel and SP (10(-6)M) in gel were topically applied once daily for 19days. SP treatment significantly increased the wound closure, levels of interleukin-10, and expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta1, heme oxygenase-1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase, whereas it significantly decreased the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta and matrix metalloproteinases-9 in the granulation/healing tissue. The inflammatory cells were present for long time in normal saline-treated group. Histological evaluation revealed better extracellular matrix formation with marked fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition in SP-treated group. Early epithelial layer formation, increased microvessel density and greater growth associated protein-43 positive nerve fibers were also evidenced in SP-treated group. In conclusion, SP treatment markedly accelerated cutaneous wound healing in diabetic rats.

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Research paper thumbnail of Lipoidal soft hybrid biocarriers of supramolecular construction for drug delivery

ISRN pharmaceutics, 2012

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Research paper thumbnail of Pharmacognostic evaluation of leaf and root bark of Holoptelea integrifolia Roxb

Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine, 2012

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Research paper thumbnail of Parry-romberg syndrome: a case of late onset with rapid progression

Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR, 2014

Parry-Romberg syndrome (PRS) or progressive hemifacial atrophy is rare, poorly understood conditi... more Parry-Romberg syndrome (PRS) or progressive hemifacial atrophy is rare, poorly understood condition with an unclear aetiology and characterized by slow and progressive atrophy affecting one side of the face. PRS is a syndrome with diverse presentation and the most common early sign is a painless cleft, the "coup de…

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Research paper thumbnail of Jejunojejunal intussusception with internal herniation in the stomach

The Indian journal of surgery, 2014

Jejunojejunal intussusception with internal herniation of the stomach through a gastrojejunostomy... more Jejunojejunal intussusception with internal herniation of the stomach through a gastrojejunostomy stoma is one of the rarest complications of the previous gastric surgery. The incidence is reported to be less than 0.1 %. An elderly male presented to the emergency room with signs of intestinal obstruction for 1 day. There was also history of appearance of a lump in the mid-abdomen. A primarily healed midline scar of the previous surgery was present; the details of which were not known. X ray abdomen in the erect posture showed multiple air fluid levels. Ultrasonography (USG) revealed dilated stomach with central hyperechogenicity with a peripheral rim of decreased echogenecity. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) scan showed jejunojejunal intussusception with internal herniation of the stomach. On laparotomy, it was found that there was a previous gastrojejunostomy with jejunal invagination leading to gangrene of a segment. Resection anastomosis was done. The postoperative period was uneventful.

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Research paper thumbnail of Computation and evaluation of features of surface electromyogram to identify the force of muscle contraction and muscle fatigue

BioMed research international, 2014

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Research paper thumbnail of Hypertension and diabetes as risk factors for dementia: A secondary post-hoc analysis from north-west India

Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology

A relation between midlife risk factors (hypertension and diabetes) and dementia has been studied... more A relation between midlife risk factors (hypertension and diabetes) and dementia has been studied in past and an association has been documented, in spite of some studies pointing to the contrary. The study was based on post-hoc analysis of data obtained from a study conducted on an elderly population (60 years and above) from selected geographical areas (migrant, urban, rural and tribal) of the Himachal Pradesh state in North-West India. Analysis of variance revealed an effect of risk factors on cognitive scores; however, post hoc Tukey's honest significant difference (HSD) test revealed that only hypertensives' demonstrated higher chances of scoring lower on cognitive measures. The possibility that hypertension and diabetes affect dementia needs further evaluation, more so in Indian context.

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Research paper thumbnail of Towards identification of finger flexions using single channel surface electromyography--able bodied and amputee subjects

Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 2013

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