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Papers by Dioneia Cesar

Brazilian Oral Research, 2020

Information about bacterial diversity, such as the number of each species in the root canals of p... more Information about bacterial diversity, such as the number of each species in the root canals of primary teeth, contributes to improving our effective management of infections of endodontic origin in primary teeth. This study made a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the bacteria in the root canals of primary teeth with necrotic pulp, using the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique. Thirty-one primary teeth with pulp necrosis from 31 children were evaluated using the FISH technique, to detect the presence and density of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Campylobacter rectus, Enterococcus faecalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, Streptococcus, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola. Descriptive measures explained the data related to density, and Student's t-test assessed the differences among the densities of each bacterium, according to signs and symptoms. The bacterial density was paired and correlated. All bacteria tested were detected and identified in all the samples. The average number of bacterial individuals from each species ranged from 1.9 x 10 8 cells/mL (S. mutans) to 3.1 x 10 8 cells/mL (F. nucleatum) (p > 0.05). The sum of the mean counts of each bacterium represented almost 80% of the entire microbial community. Patients with pain had significantly more T. denticola, and those with edema showed a greater density of Streptococcus and P. nigrescens (p < 0.05). This study revealed that all 12 bacteria evaluated were found in all primary teeth with pulp necrosis. There was no predominance among the species studied; all species had a similar number of individuals.

HU Revista, Apr 8, 2020

Introduction: Oral microbiota has been implicated on oral mucositis (OM) that occurs during cance... more Introduction: Oral microbiota has been implicated on oral mucositis (OM) that occurs during cancer therapy, however without consensus. Objective: This study, aimed to establish, through a review, the association between oral microbiota and OM at head and neck cancer therapy (HNCT). Material and Methods: The search of PubMed was performed considering 2008-2018 period, and the descriptors "oral mucositis" and "oral microbiota" in subheadings etiology and microbiology into the Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) "Head and Neck Neoplasms". The conducting question was "Is there an oral dysbiosis during HNCT associated with OM?" Results: 22 articles were selected under two steps of data extraction: articles that evaluated de oral microbiota during HNCT (n=13), and articles that also focused in OM (n=9). Conclusion: The evidence presented in the literature suggests associations of oral microbiota dysbiosis with the progression and worsening of radiation-induced OM. However, to define a microbial core for the disease, future standardized studies are required.

European journal of nutrition, Sep 5, 2017

unaltered in NASH patients. There is an increase in the Escherichia and Bacteroides genus. There ... more unaltered in NASH patients. There is an increase in the Escherichia and Bacteroides genus. There is depletion of certain taxa, such as Prevotella and Faecalibacterium. Conclusion Although few studies have evaluated the composition of the gut microbiota in patients with NASH, it is observed that these individuals have a distinct gut microbiota, compared to the control groups, which explains, at least in part, the genesis and progression of the disease through multiple mechanisms. Modulation of the gut microbiota through diet control offers new challenges for future studies.

Introducao: A mastite bovina e uma das principais doencas que provoca grande perda economica na c... more Introducao: A mastite bovina e uma das principais doencas que provoca grande perda economica na cadeia produtiva do leite, alem de problemas de bem estar animal. E importante encontrarmos alternativas a antibioticoterapia para o controle de doencas bacterianas em producao animal. O uso exacerbado e indiscriminado de antibioticos convencionais podem causar inumeras adversidades como selecao artificial bacteriana e reincidencia da patologia (BARKEMA ET AL , 2015; KROMKER AND LEIMBACH, 2017). Uma alternativa e a utilizacao de bacterias que podem combater tais doencas, minimizando os impactos ou ate mesmo sem prejudicar em outros aspectos a saude dos animais alvo e a cadeia produtiva envolvida. Objetivos: O principal objetivo foi identificar as principais bacterias candidatas a probioticos controladores de patogenos de mastite bovina, considerando os testes in vitro ja realizados previamente. Material e metodos: Isolados bacterianos (26) que apresentaram resultados satisfatorios nos testes in vitro contra Staphylococcus aureus causadores de mastite bovina foram identificados molecularmente. Para isso, o DNA dos isolados foi extraido usando kit comercial de acordo com as instrucoes do fabricante. Os fragmentos de DNA foram sequenciados em Sequenciador Automatico utilizando iniciadores complementares ao DNA plasmidial. A identificacao das sequencias validas foram comparadas as sequencias depositadas no banco de dado publico. Resultados e Discussao: Dentre os 26 isolados sequenciados, 18 foram identificados como do genero Bacillus , dois do genero Staphylococcus , um do genero Acinetobacter , um do genero Enterococcus , um do genero Pseudomonas , um do genero Exiguobacterium , um do genero Lysinibacillus e um da especie Escherichia coli . Como ja observado em outros trabalhos, bacterias do genero Bacillus demonstra ser um grande aliado ao combate das patogenias (DEL’DUCA et al., 2013). E importante destacar que apesar dos resultados mostrarem eficiencia de Bacillus spp . como probioticos, esse mesmo genero tem prescedentes de agir como patogenos, como por exemplo no leite. Da mesma forma, Acinetobacter , E . coli , Enterococcus , Pseudomonas e Staphylococcus sao bacterias conhecidas por causarem doencas em animais, incluindo seres humanos (BEIMS et al., 2016; HUERTA et al., 2017). No entanto, em nosso estudo, mostramos o potencial destas bacterias em controlar bacterias causadoras de mastite. A manipulacao destas bacterias como probioticas exigira um aprofundamento sobre como podera se dar sua utilizacao. Conclusao: Observamos que as bacterias estudadas tem grande potencial sobre as patogenicas da mastite, apesar de serem comumente descritas como causadoras de outras doencas. Estas bacterias devem ser estudadas afim de identificar substâncias antagonistas naturais sintetizadas. Deste modo, poderemos propor a utilizacao da substância isolada sem o uso das celulas vivas. Palavras-chave: Bacillus , Staphylococcus , probiotico Referencias bibliograficas: BARKEMA, H., VON KEYSERLINGK, M., KASTELIC, J., LAM, T., LUBY, C., ROY, J.-P. (2015). Invited review: changes in the dairy industry affecting dairy cattle health and welfare. Journal of Dairy Science , 98: 7426-7445. BEIMS, H., OVERMANN, A., FULDE, M., STEINERT, M., BERGMANN, S. (2016). Isolation of Staphylococcus sciuri from horse skin infection. Open Veterinary Journal , 6: 242. DEL'DUCA, A., CESAR, D., DINIZ, C., ABREU, P. (2013). Evaluation of the presence and efﬁciency of potential probiotic bacteria in the gut of tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) using theﬂuorescent in situ hybridization technique. Aquaculture , 388–391: 115–121. HUERTA, B., BARRERO-DOMINGUEZ, B., GALAN-RELANO, A., TARRADAS, C., MALDONADO, A., LUQUE, I.(2016). Essential oils in the control of infections by Staphylococcus xylosus in horses. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science , 38: 19–23. KROMKER, V., LEIMBACH, S. (2017). Mastitis treatment - reduction in antibiotic usage in dairy cows. Reproduction in Domestics Animals , 52: 21-29. Introducao: A mastite bovina e uma das principais doencas que provoca grande perda economica na cadeia produtiva do leite, alem de problemas de bem estar animal. E importante encontrarmos alternativas a antibioticoterapia para o controle de doencas bacterianas em producao animal. O uso exacerbado e indiscriminado de antibioticos convencionais podem causar inumeras adversidades como selecao artificial bacteriana e reincidencia da patologia (BARKEMA ET AL , 2015; KROMKER AND LEIMBACH, 2017). Uma alternativa e a utilizacao de bacterias que podem combater tais doencas, minimizando os impactos ou ate mesmo sem prejudicar em outros aspectos a saude dos animais alvo e a cadeia produtiva envolvida. Objetivos: O principal objetivo foi identificar as principais bacterias candidatas a probioticos controladores de patogenos de mastite bovina, considerando os testes in vitro ja realizados previamente. Material e metodos: Isolados bacterianos (26) que apresentaram resultados…

Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences, 2018

Nutrition, Oct 1, 2020

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to verify the effect of a beverage containing ora-pro-nobis (... more OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to verify the effect of a beverage containing ora-pro-nobis (OPN) flour on intestinal microbiota, gastrointestinal symptoms, and anthropometric parameters in women. METHODS This prospective, double-blinded, randomized clinical trial included 24 women volunteers. For 6 wk, the test group received a beverage supplemented with OPN, and the control group received the same beverage without OPN. Fecal microbiota were evaluated by the fluorescence in situ hybridization method. Each participant responded to a questionnaire based on the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale. The data were analyzed by Student's t test to compare the effects between treatments (P < 0.05). RESULTS Supplementation with the OPN beverage reduced weight (P = 0.008), waist circumference (P = 0.010), and body fat (P = 0.000). Additionally, the treatment increased satiety (P = 0.039), reduced eructation (P = 0.038) and constipation (P = 0.017), and improved feces consistency (P = 0.017). CONCLUSION The OPN flour beverage has an effect on weight reduction, body fat composition, and improvement in gastrointestinal symptoms. These results highlight the beneficial effects of ora-pro-nobis flour beverage against the development of obesity.

Brazilian Oral Research, 2016

This study was aimed to provide a longitudinal overview of the subgingival bacterial microbiome u... more This study was aimed to provide a longitudinal overview of the subgingival bacterial microbiome using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique, in women in the second trimester of pregnancy (between 14 and 24 weeks), and 48 h and 8 weeks postpartum. Of 31 women evaluated during pregnancy, 24 returned for the 48-h and 18 for their 8-week exams postpartum. Probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing, clinical attachment level, and presence of calculus were recorded. Subgingival plaque samples were collected, and FISH was used to identify the numbers of eight periodontal pathogens. Friedman test was used to compare differences between follow-up examinations, followed by a multiple comparison test for a post hoc pairwise comparison. Clinically, a significantly greater number of teeth with PD = 4-5 mm were found during pregnancy than on postpartum examinations. Microbial analysis showed a statistically significant decrease in cell count over the study period for Prevotella nigrescens. P. intermedia, Campylobacter rectus, and Porphyromonas gingivalis also decrease, although not significantly, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans increased. No significant changes were found for Fusobacterium nucleatum, Treponema denticola, or Tannerella forsythia. Our data demonstrate a change in the subgingival microbiota during pregnancy, at least for P. nigrescens.

Arquivo Brasileiro De Medicina Veterinaria E Zootecnia, 2023

Epidemiology of mastitis and interactions of environmental factors on udder health in the compost... more Epidemiology of mastitis and interactions of environmental factors on udder health in the compost barn system [Epidemiologia da mastite e interações de fatores ambientais na saúde do úbere no sistema de Compost Barn]

Oecologia Australis, 2001

Biochemical Engineering Journal, Jun 1, 2021

Abstract In this study, the minimum sludge age required to allow nitrification in an activated sl... more Abstract In this study, the minimum sludge age required to allow nitrification in an activated sludge-based reactor was assessed. For this purpose, the sludge retention time (SRT) was gradually decreased and the organic matter and nitrogen conversions were monitored (1st stage). Once the critical SRT for nitrification was reached, the reactor was upgraded to a moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) by the gradual addition of carrier media (2nd stage). The results showed that, for SRTs lower than 2.5 d, a reduction in ammonium removal was observed. Moreover, nitrite accumulation resulting from partial nitrification due to selective nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) washout began at SRT of 1.5 d and reached its peak at 0.5 d, accounting for almost the entire oxidized nitrogen forms (NOx-). When the SRT was reduced to 0.2 d, nitrification was suppressed and both ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and NOB were no longer detected. By upgrading the bioreactor to support biofilm growth (2nd Stage), nitrifying activity was gradually recovered. The biofilm was found to play a major role in nitrification, as it predominated over the suspended solids at higher media filling fractions. Despite boosting nitrification, full ammonium removal was no longer achieved, suggesting an irreversible effect of the selective washout of nitrifiers within the 1st stage. A maximum ammonium removal rate of 0.18 kg N/(m3.d) was observed at 50% filling ratio at an applied rate of 0.27 kg N/(m3.d).

Introducao: Rejeito mineral e o que sobra do processo de beneficiamento de minerios, ou seja, o r... more Introducao: Rejeito mineral e o que sobra do processo de beneficiamento de minerios, ou seja, o rejeito e um conjunto de minerais sem interesse. Os rejeitos nao tratados normalmente sao depositados em barragens de contensao. Na cidade de Mariana (MG), em 2015, ocorreu rompimento de uma barragem de contensao. O vazamento pode causar alteracoes no solo e na agua, alem de afetar direta ou indiretamente comunidades vegetais, animais e microbianas (BRASIL, 2015). As comunidades microbianas atuam nos processos de decomposicao da materia orgânica, participando diretamente no ciclo biogeoquimico dos nutrientes e, consequentemente, regulando a sua disponibilidade no ambiente (ROUSK; BENGTSON, 2014). Desta forma, e importante avaliar o impacto dos rejeitos sobre a comunidade bacteriana de locais que sofreram alteracoes com o vazamento de barragens de contensao de rejeitos. Objetivo: Quantificar e identificar bacterias de solos e da rizosfera de bambu de areas afetadas pelo rejeito em uma fazenda na cidade de Barra Longa (MG), regiao atingida pelos rejeitos de minerios da Barragem do Fundao (Mariana, MG). Material e metodos: Dez amostras de solos rizosfericos e dez amostras das raizes de bambu foram coletadas em uma fazenda experimental na cidade de Barra Longa (MG) no mes de marco de 2019, em duas regioes distintas. Estas duas regioes se encontravam proximas a um rio que foi atingido pelos rejeitos minerais vazados da barragem em 2015. Cinco pontos foram coletados na margem do rio atingido (maior concentracao de rejeito) e outros cinco pontos no barranco proximo ao rio (menor concentracao do rejeito). Em laboratorio, 1g de cada amostra foi diluido de forma seriada em salina esteril e 100 mL da diluicao escolhida foram semeados em placas de Agar Nutriente (AN) em triplicata. Posteriormente, as placas foram incubadas a 37°C por 24 horas. Apos o periodo de incubacao, as colonias foram contadas e identificadas morfologicamente. Resultados e Discussao: Os valores de Unidades Formadoras de Colonias (UFC) no solo variaram entre 4,1 e 6,2 x 10 6 (media 4,4±1,5 x 10 6 ) na Margem e entre 1,6 e 6,4 x 10 6 (media 3,5±1,9 x 10 6 ) no Barranco. Ja os valores de UFC na raiz do bambu variaram entre 0,6 e 25,0 x 10 8 (media 7,9±10,2 x 10 8 ) na Margem e entre 1,0 e 13,0 x 10 8 (media 7,0±4,3 x 10 8 ) no Barranco. Considerando as medias e desvios destes valores observados, percebemos caracteristicas distintas dos locais amostrados dentro de cada ambiente, nao podendo ser este parâmetro um bom indicador de maior ou menos impacto por rejeitos minerais no solo desta regiao. Em relacao ao numero do morfotipos observados, encontramos 37 morfotipos no solo e 30 na raiz da Margem; 47 morfotipos no solo e 21 na raiz do Barranco. Neste caso, observamos um maior numero de morfotipos bacterianos no solos afetados, quando comparamos as raizes do bambu. Podemos perceber entao que a maior densidade de bacterias foi encontrada nas raizes, mas a maior riqueza de morfotipos bacterianos foi encontrada nas raizes do bambu destes ambientes. Isso pode indicar que o solo afetado estaria funcionando como um tipo de estoque para diferentes tipos de micro-organismos, enquanto as raizes disponibilizariam condicoes mais favoraveis para a estabilizacao das bacterias de um numero menor de morfotipos bacterianos (PATERSON et al., 2007). Conclusao: Observamos que, independentemente do local, ha uma maior riqueza de morfotipos no solo, quando comparada a raiz do bambu. Palavras-chave: Rejeito, mineracao, bacterias rizosfericas Referencias bibliograficas: BRASIL. Laudo Tecnico Preliminar : Impactos ambientais decorrentes do desastre envolvendo o rompimento da barragem de Fundao, em Mariana, Minas Gerais. PATERSON, E.; GEBBING, T.; ABEL, C.; SIM, A.; TELFER, G. Rhizodeposition shapes rhizosphere microbial community structure in organic soil. New Phytol, v.173, p. 600–610, 2007. ROUSK, J.; BENGTSON, P. Microbial regulation of global biogeochemical cycles. Frontiers in Microbiology , v. 5, p. 305–307, 2014. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2014.00103.

Química Nova

DIAGNOSTIC TESTS FOR SARS-COV-2: A CRITICAL REFLECTION. The new coronavirus, called Severe Acute ... more DIAGNOSTIC TESTS FOR SARS-COV-2: A CRITICAL REFLECTION. The new coronavirus, called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was discovered in late December 2019 after cases were reported in the city of Wuhan, China. In January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic, which has an official record of around 500 million cases and more than 6.0 million deaths in worldwide. An important factor in controlling the pandemic is the development of more effective and efficient diagnostic tests. In this context, this review has as its main proposal to discuss the effective differences between the possible diagnostic tests, the implications of molecular and serological methods available on the market and the analytical and clinical parameters involved in the development and application of these methods.

Experiências em ensino de ciências, 2017

Os acadêmicos de licenciatura provavelmente entram em contato com o conceito de professorpesquisa... more Os acadêmicos de licenciatura provavelmente entram em contato com o conceito de professorpesquisador durante sua formação, entretanto, no momento da prática, podem aparecer dúvidas sobre as reais possibilidades de se desenvolver pesquisa em sala de aula. O objeto de estudo desta pesquisa se definiu do enfrentamento a essas dúvidas e do interesse em conciliar o ensino de ecologia com a educação ambiental. O objetivo foi analisar a influência do ensino de Ecologia na percepção ambiental e no conhecimento ecológico de uma turma de 6º ano do ensino fundamental. A viabilidade de atividades práticas para o ensino de ecologia se tornou, no transcorrer do estudo, inevitavelmente um de seus objetos. Dentre essas atividades práticas desenvolvidas destaca-se a construção de um Terrário pelos alunos. Utilizou-se o questionário como instrumento de pesquisa, aplicando-os antes e após o desenvolvimento do projeto. A existência e o grau de percepção ambiental dos alunos foi analisado com base em suas atitudes de consumo registradas nos questionários. A construção do terrário, a visita à praça e a dinâmica sobre rede alimentar ampliaram as possibilidades do processo de ensino-aprendizagem. As aulas aumentaram o conhecimento ecológico dos educandos. Para além disso, o estudo demonstrou que é possível a conciliação ecologia/educação ambiental e apesar de todos os obstáculos inerentes a ser um professor-pesquisador.

Acta Informatica, 2021

O estuario do rio Coreau possui uma das margens tangenciando a area urbana de Camocim, enquanto a... more O estuario do rio Coreau possui uma das margens tangenciando a area urbana de Camocim, enquanto a outra tangencia a APA das Dunas da Ilha da Testa Branca. Com o objetivo de verificar os efeitos das atividades antropicas na margem urbanizada, este trabalho analisou parâmetros fisico-quimicos e microbiologicos em ambas as margens. Analises de pH, temperatura, turbidez, oxigenio dissolvido e DBO5 foram realizadas na agua. Amostras do sedimento foram utilizadas para quantificacao de materia orgânica e de bacterias heterotroficas, enumeracao de coliformes, quantificacao de celulas procarioticas e de bacterias patogenicas. Nao houve diferenca significativa para os parâmetros fisico-quimicos, exceto para materia orgânica no sedimento, maior na margem urbanizada. A densidade de bacterias heterotroficas e de celulas procarioticas e maior na margem urbanizada. Os resultados indicaram que coliformes termotolerantes ocorrem apenas na margem urbanizada. Todos os taxa bacterianos patogenicos sao ...

Environmental Pollution, 2020

Aquatic plants have long been used as indicators for nutrient enrichment in lakes. In the Mediter... more Aquatic plants have long been used as indicators for nutrient enrichment in lakes. In the Mediterranean, however, the process of developing and intercalibrating macrophyte assessment methods for lakes has lagged behind Northern and Central Europe, likely due to the relatively small number and high variability of natural lakes in the Mediterranean but also because of the different monitoring traditions in different parts of Europe. We here present a macrophyte index for assessment of lake eutrophication, tailored to Balkan lakes (Balkan Macrophyte Index, BMI). We analysed submerged aquatic vegetation, water chemistry and sediment total phosphorus content at several sites in lakes Prespa, Ohrid, Lura, Biogradsko, Crno and Sava, located in Albania, North Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia. Despite the restricted number of lakes in our dataset, the BMI was loosely related to water phosphorus, rather than nitrogen, concentrations. Our results show that macrophyte indices may not be applicable in lakes experiencing annual water level fluctuations of several meters, because the macrophyte vegetation in such lakes may be absent, or alternatively dominated by "oligotrophic" or "eutrophic" species. Once a larger number of lakes has been analysed using the same methods, reference conditions and status class boundaries may be derived from the phosphorus-BMI regression.

Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, 2020

Background and Aims: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has multifactorial etiopathogenesis, an... more Background and Aims: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has multifactorial etiopathogenesis, and intestinal microbiota is co-responsible in this process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the intestinal microbiota in NASH patients with different metabolic profiles. Methods: Patients with biopsy-proven NASH were evaluated. Subjects were divided into two groups according to their metabolic profile, with or without metabolic syndrome (MS). Their characteristics in relation to liver disease and intestinal microbiota were analyzed. To evaluate the microbiota, breath tests to investigate small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and fecal microbiota analysis by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were performed. Results: There was a high prevalence of SIBO in both groups, with no significant difference between them. Breathing tests were positive in 43.8% of patients with MS and 50% of those without MS. There was a significant difference regarding the quantification of Verru...

Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 2020

We studied petroleum biodegradation by biostimulation by using water in oil in water (W/O/W) doub... more We studied petroleum biodegradation by biostimulation by using water in oil in water (W/O/W) double emulsions. These emulsions were developed using seawater, canola oil, surfactants, and mineral salts as sources of NPK. The emulsions were used in the simulation of hydrocarbon bioremediation in oligotrophic sea water. Hydrocarbon biodegradation was evaluated by CO 2 emissions from microcosms. We also evaluated the release of inorganic nutrients and the stability of the emulsion's droplets. The double emulsions improved CO 2 emission from the microcosms, suggesting the increase in the hydrocarbon biodegradation. Mineral nutrients were gradually released from the emulsions supporting the hydrocarbon biodegradation. This was attributed to the formation of different diameters of droplets and therefore, varying stabilities of the droplets. Addition of the selected hydrocarbonoclastic isolates simulating bioaugmentation improved the hydrocarbon biodegradation. We conclude that the nutrient-rich W/O/W emulsion developed in this study is an effective biostimulation agent for bioremediation in oligotrophic aquatic environments.

Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, 2019

Background & Aims: Modulation of the gut microbiota emerges as a therapeutic possibility to impro... more Background & Aims: Modulation of the gut microbiota emerges as a therapeutic possibility to improve health. Our objective was to compare the impact of three months of intervention with diet plus nutritional orientation versus only nutritional orientation on the gut microbiota and metabolic-nutritional profile of outpatients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Methods: It was a randomized clinical trial with 40 outpatients (49.48 ± 10.3 years), allocated in two groups: DIET group (n=20), who received diet (1.651.34 ± 263.25 kcal; 47% carbohydrates, 28% lipids, 25% proteins, 30 g fibers) and nutritional orientation, and control group (n = 20), which received only nutritional orientation. Results: The DIET group, in relation to baseline, presented a reduction in body weight (p<0.001), BMI (p<0.001), waist circumference (p=0.001), percentage of fat (p=0.002), serum aspartate aminotransferase (p<0.001), alanine aminotransferase (p<0.001), γ-glutamyltransferase (p=0.001), glyc...