Divya Sindhu - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Divya Sindhu

International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering

International journal of engineering research and technology, Feb 18, 2021

Analysis of genes and proteins using in silico tools has been receiving greater attention current... more Analysis of genes and proteins using in silico tools has been receiving greater attention currently to find suitable biomarkers for rapid identification of beneficial microbes. The use of nitrogen-fixing organisms as biofertilizer affords novel eco-friendly technology for increasing agricultural crop productivity. Recently, nitrogen fixation (nif) genes encoding nitrogenase proteins have been identified using DNA sequence analysis and transcriptional profiling. In this study, nifH gene sequences from 40 different nitrogen-fixing bacterial species were retrieved from NCBI GenBank for phylogenetic analysis. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using Maximm Likelihood method. It was found that nifH gene sequences of Azospirillum brasilense showed close similarity with Rhodobacter capsulatus and Rhodospirillum rubrum. Further, the nucleotide sequences also showed relatedness to nodule-forming bacteria i.e., Rhizobium leguminosarum, Sinorhizobium meliloti, Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Azorhizobium caulinodans. On another branch, nifH gene sequences of Azospirillum brasilense showed relatedness to Frankia sp. and also showed similarity with free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae and Azotobacter vinelandii. The branching order of the nifH phylogeny showed that nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolated from diverse environments were distantly related. For example, Cyanobacterium sp., Trichodesmium erythraeum, Mastigocladus laminosus, Paenibacillus sabinae and Nostoc commune were placed on different branch showing large variations in their nucleotide sequences.

Cloud computing is one of the recently emerged technology that provides a platform with an effici... more Cloud computing is one of the recently emerged technology that provides a platform with an efficient way to store data in the cloud server with different range of applications. It has now become a highly demanded service due to advantages of high computing power, reduced management costs of services, high performance, scalability, just-in-time availability of resources and faster accessibility. Cloud computing services include online file storage, social networking sites, web mail and online business applications. With rapid developments in information and communication technology, secure transmission of confidential data in the cloud environment has been a major aspect of data communications in the internet and network applications. Data security covers many areas including secure public and private communication channels/networks, strong data encryption techniques and trusted third party to maintain the database related to everyday jobs, conducting of transactions among business/c...

Recent technological advances in computational biology and bioinformatics have generated a lot of... more Recent technological advances in computational biology and bioinformatics have generated a lot of biological information and voluminous biological data all over the world. This biological dat/information has necessitated the requirement of computerized databases to store, categorize and index the data as well as to view and analyze the data using specialized tools and algorithms. Feature selection, normalization and standardization of the data, visualization of the results and evaluation of the produced knowledge are equally important steps in the knowledge discovery process. Data mining aims to provide the analysts with novel and efficient computational tools to overcome the constraints posed by the traditional statistical methods. It is used to extract interesting, nontrivial, implicit, previously unknown and potentially useful information from data. Likewise, bioinformatics is the analysis of accurate and reliable biological information using computers and statistical techniques ...

Cloud computing provides a platform with an enhanced and efficient way to store data in the cloud... more Cloud computing provides a platform with an enhanced and efficient way to store data in the cloud i.e., server with different range of capabilities and applications. Cloud computing is a compilation of existing techniques and technologies, packaged within a new infrastructure that offers improved scalability, elasticity, business agility, faster startup time, reduced management costs and just-in-time availability of resources. It provides an easy way of accessing one’s personal file or data and use application without installing it on machines by just having Internet access. The server and the email management software is installed on the cloud and managed by service providers. The involvement of cloud based services and service providers have resulted in a new business trend based on cloud technology and cloud computing has become a boon for IT industry nowadays. However, data security has been a major and challenging aspect in the internet and network applications. Especially it b...

Metabolic engineering involves construction and optimization of biosynthetic pathways to maximize... more Metabolic engineering involves construction and optimization of biosynthetic pathways to maximize yields of desired products for various biochemical applications. The fundamental engineering principles in synthetic biology include the development of tools and techniques for understanding and modification of the DNA, RNA and proteins. Genetic circuits, composed of complex networks of interacting molecular machines, enable living systems to sense their dynamic environments, perform computation on the inputs and formulate appropriate outputs. Novel genetic circuits with useful applications have been constructed through rational design and forward engineering by the synthetic biologists. Diverse paradigms have emerged for designing, modeling, constructing and characterizing of artificial genetic systems. The utilization of databases and computational tools may predict the designs to achieve the desired product in metabolic engineering. Moreover, bottom-up engineering of synthetic microb...

Cloud computing allows individuals and businesses to use software and hardware that are managed b... more Cloud computing allows individuals and businesses to use software and hardware that are managed by third parties at remote locations. Cloud computing provides a platform with an enhanced and efficient way to store data in the cloud server with different range of capabilities and applications. Different cloud computing models allow access to information and computer resources from anywhere that a network connection is available. Cloud services include online file storage, social networking sites, webmail and online business applications. It provides a shared pool of configurable computing resources, including data storage space, networks, computer processing power and specialized corporate and user applications with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. Cloud computing has now become a highly demanded service or utility due to the advantages of high computing power, cheap cost of services, high performance, scalability, accessibility as well as availability. Howe...

Biological sciences pose a unique set of engineering challenges resulting from an incomplete unde... more Biological sciences pose a unique set of engineering challenges resulting from an incomplete understanding of natural biological systems and tools for manipulating them. To address these challenges, synthetic biology is advancing from developing proof-of-concept designs to focusing on core platforms for rational and highthroughput biological engineering. These platforms span the entire biological design cycle, including DNA construction, gene libraries, computational design tools and interfaces for manipulating and probing synthetic circuits in designing and construction of synthetic genetic products. Computational methods would improve the predictability of respective mechanisms and the analysis along with the interpretation of both qualitative and quantitative models on generalizable techniques in addition to application-specific designs. This article reviews the progress and challenges in synthetic biology, computational methodology, techniques and models involved in product desi...

Cells of living organisms are ‘natural nanocomputers’ which read and rewrite DNA all the time and... more Cells of living organisms are ‘natural nanocomputers’ which read and rewrite DNA all the time and perform all the processing for the organisms’ activities. Computer scientists along with molecular biologist and biochemists are exploring the potential for computation of biological molecules such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), which are information carrying molecules in cell. DNA molecules have the potential to perform calculations many times faster than the most powerful supercomputers. DNA based computation exploits the properties of the DNA as a quaternary logic with the advantages of better storage, better accuracy and shorter time as compared to binary logic used in conventional silicon-based machines. Adleman first time announced the arrival of computers based on biochemical operations and showed that a large class of difficult and computationally hard problems could be solved by mixing solutions in test tubes in a molecular biology laboratory. DNA ba...

Data security has been a major and challenging aspect in the modern era of information technology... more Data security has been a major and challenging aspect in the modern era of information technology involving the internet and network applications. Especially it becomes serious in the cloud environment because the data is located in different places all over the world. The purpose of securing data is that only concerned and authorized users can access it. Different encryption algorithms provide the necessary protection against the data intruders’ attacks by converting information from its normal form into an unreadable form. Security of data can be done by a technique called cryptography. Recently, the range of cryptography applications has expanded a lot in the area of network and the development of communication means. Cryptography is essentially required to ensure that data are protected against penetrations and to prevent the practice of spying. In this paper, the basic characteristics of different cryptographic algorithms i.e., Symmetric (secret) key cryptography, Asymmetric (p...

The generation of voluminous information due to recent technological advances all over the world,... more The generation of voluminous information due to recent technological advances all over the world, has necessitated the requirement of computerized databases to store, categorize and index the data. Further, the analysis of the data using specialized tools and algorithms, visualization of the results and evaluation of the produced knowledge are equally important steps in the knowledge discovery process. Genetic algorithm is a metaheuristic method inspired by the laws of genetics, which find useful solutions to complex problems. In this method, first some random solutions (individuals) are generated each containing several properties (chromosomes). Based on the laws of crossover and mutations, which occur in chromosomes, a second generation of individuals (population) is produced with more diverse properties. This novel and efficient computational algorithm is used to overcome the constraints posed by the traditional statistical methods. Genetic algorithm has applications in all the f...

ABSRACT: Living cells of organisms operate as highly complex biological computational systems whi... more ABSRACT: Living cells of organisms operate as highly complex biological computational systems which read and rewrite deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) all the time and perform all the processing for the organism’s activities. Computer scientists along with molecular biologist and biochemists are exploring the potential for computation of DNA molecules. Biological computation is needed to realize engineered biological systems that have sophisticated sense-and-respond behaviors. Synthetic biologists have applied engineering concepts to biological systems in order to construct progressively more complex gene circuits capable of processing information in living cells. Novel genetic circuits have been constructed through rational design and forward engineering for their useful applications. Such engineered living cells or microbes have the potential to perform a wide range of desirable tasks that require sophisticated computation and control. In this article, the current states of artificial g...

Volume 6, Issue 6, November – December 2017 Page 143 Abstract Agriculture is the backbone of Indi... more Volume 6, Issue 6, November – December 2017 Page 143 Abstract Agriculture is the backbone of India’s economy and approximately 59% population derive their livelihood from the agricultural sector. However, yield of several crops in India is significantly low as compared to the yield in developed countries. Hence, it is necessary to find solutions that may improve the crop success and productivity. The enhancement of agricultural production and rural development through application of improved information and communication processes is termed as Eagriculture. This emerging field E-agriculture involves the conceptualization, design, development, evaluation and application of innovative ways to use information and communication technologies in the rural domain, with a primary focus on agriculture. Data mining of different crops information system, their production techniques and information inquiry system is necessary to help the farmers. Collection and distribution of crop growth stage...

IJARCCE, 2017

Data mining is the process of discovering and extracting of interesting patterns and knowledge fr... more Data mining is the process of discovering and extracting of interesting patterns and knowledge from large amounts of data. The field of agriculture has to deal with large amounts of data and processing and retrieval of significant data from this abundance of agricultural information is necessary to help the farmers. Therefore, appropriate methods and techniques are required for managing and organizing this data to increase the efficiency and agricultural productivity. The application of data mining methods and techniques to discover new insights or knowledge is a relatively a novel approach in agriculture. Data mining can help to process and convert this raw data into useful information for improving agriculture. In this paper, various data mining techniques used for processing of agricultural information/data such as k-means clustering, k-nearest neighbour, artificial neural networks, support vector machine, naive Bayesian classifier and fuzzy c-means are described. With the advancement of novel and appropriate data mining techniques, different types of agricultural problems will be addressed to improve crop productivity.

International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering

International journal of engineering research and technology, Feb 18, 2021

Analysis of genes and proteins using in silico tools has been receiving greater attention current... more Analysis of genes and proteins using in silico tools has been receiving greater attention currently to find suitable biomarkers for rapid identification of beneficial microbes. The use of nitrogen-fixing organisms as biofertilizer affords novel eco-friendly technology for increasing agricultural crop productivity. Recently, nitrogen fixation (nif) genes encoding nitrogenase proteins have been identified using DNA sequence analysis and transcriptional profiling. In this study, nifH gene sequences from 40 different nitrogen-fixing bacterial species were retrieved from NCBI GenBank for phylogenetic analysis. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using Maximm Likelihood method. It was found that nifH gene sequences of Azospirillum brasilense showed close similarity with Rhodobacter capsulatus and Rhodospirillum rubrum. Further, the nucleotide sequences also showed relatedness to nodule-forming bacteria i.e., Rhizobium leguminosarum, Sinorhizobium meliloti, Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Azorhizobium caulinodans. On another branch, nifH gene sequences of Azospirillum brasilense showed relatedness to Frankia sp. and also showed similarity with free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae and Azotobacter vinelandii. The branching order of the nifH phylogeny showed that nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolated from diverse environments were distantly related. For example, Cyanobacterium sp., Trichodesmium erythraeum, Mastigocladus laminosus, Paenibacillus sabinae and Nostoc commune were placed on different branch showing large variations in their nucleotide sequences.

Cloud computing is one of the recently emerged technology that provides a platform with an effici... more Cloud computing is one of the recently emerged technology that provides a platform with an efficient way to store data in the cloud server with different range of applications. It has now become a highly demanded service due to advantages of high computing power, reduced management costs of services, high performance, scalability, just-in-time availability of resources and faster accessibility. Cloud computing services include online file storage, social networking sites, web mail and online business applications. With rapid developments in information and communication technology, secure transmission of confidential data in the cloud environment has been a major aspect of data communications in the internet and network applications. Data security covers many areas including secure public and private communication channels/networks, strong data encryption techniques and trusted third party to maintain the database related to everyday jobs, conducting of transactions among business/c...

Recent technological advances in computational biology and bioinformatics have generated a lot of... more Recent technological advances in computational biology and bioinformatics have generated a lot of biological information and voluminous biological data all over the world. This biological dat/information has necessitated the requirement of computerized databases to store, categorize and index the data as well as to view and analyze the data using specialized tools and algorithms. Feature selection, normalization and standardization of the data, visualization of the results and evaluation of the produced knowledge are equally important steps in the knowledge discovery process. Data mining aims to provide the analysts with novel and efficient computational tools to overcome the constraints posed by the traditional statistical methods. It is used to extract interesting, nontrivial, implicit, previously unknown and potentially useful information from data. Likewise, bioinformatics is the analysis of accurate and reliable biological information using computers and statistical techniques ...

Cloud computing provides a platform with an enhanced and efficient way to store data in the cloud... more Cloud computing provides a platform with an enhanced and efficient way to store data in the cloud i.e., server with different range of capabilities and applications. Cloud computing is a compilation of existing techniques and technologies, packaged within a new infrastructure that offers improved scalability, elasticity, business agility, faster startup time, reduced management costs and just-in-time availability of resources. It provides an easy way of accessing one’s personal file or data and use application without installing it on machines by just having Internet access. The server and the email management software is installed on the cloud and managed by service providers. The involvement of cloud based services and service providers have resulted in a new business trend based on cloud technology and cloud computing has become a boon for IT industry nowadays. However, data security has been a major and challenging aspect in the internet and network applications. Especially it b...

Metabolic engineering involves construction and optimization of biosynthetic pathways to maximize... more Metabolic engineering involves construction and optimization of biosynthetic pathways to maximize yields of desired products for various biochemical applications. The fundamental engineering principles in synthetic biology include the development of tools and techniques for understanding and modification of the DNA, RNA and proteins. Genetic circuits, composed of complex networks of interacting molecular machines, enable living systems to sense their dynamic environments, perform computation on the inputs and formulate appropriate outputs. Novel genetic circuits with useful applications have been constructed through rational design and forward engineering by the synthetic biologists. Diverse paradigms have emerged for designing, modeling, constructing and characterizing of artificial genetic systems. The utilization of databases and computational tools may predict the designs to achieve the desired product in metabolic engineering. Moreover, bottom-up engineering of synthetic microb...

Cloud computing allows individuals and businesses to use software and hardware that are managed b... more Cloud computing allows individuals and businesses to use software and hardware that are managed by third parties at remote locations. Cloud computing provides a platform with an enhanced and efficient way to store data in the cloud server with different range of capabilities and applications. Different cloud computing models allow access to information and computer resources from anywhere that a network connection is available. Cloud services include online file storage, social networking sites, webmail and online business applications. It provides a shared pool of configurable computing resources, including data storage space, networks, computer processing power and specialized corporate and user applications with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. Cloud computing has now become a highly demanded service or utility due to the advantages of high computing power, cheap cost of services, high performance, scalability, accessibility as well as availability. Howe...

Biological sciences pose a unique set of engineering challenges resulting from an incomplete unde... more Biological sciences pose a unique set of engineering challenges resulting from an incomplete understanding of natural biological systems and tools for manipulating them. To address these challenges, synthetic biology is advancing from developing proof-of-concept designs to focusing on core platforms for rational and highthroughput biological engineering. These platforms span the entire biological design cycle, including DNA construction, gene libraries, computational design tools and interfaces for manipulating and probing synthetic circuits in designing and construction of synthetic genetic products. Computational methods would improve the predictability of respective mechanisms and the analysis along with the interpretation of both qualitative and quantitative models on generalizable techniques in addition to application-specific designs. This article reviews the progress and challenges in synthetic biology, computational methodology, techniques and models involved in product desi...

Cells of living organisms are ‘natural nanocomputers’ which read and rewrite DNA all the time and... more Cells of living organisms are ‘natural nanocomputers’ which read and rewrite DNA all the time and perform all the processing for the organisms’ activities. Computer scientists along with molecular biologist and biochemists are exploring the potential for computation of biological molecules such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), which are information carrying molecules in cell. DNA molecules have the potential to perform calculations many times faster than the most powerful supercomputers. DNA based computation exploits the properties of the DNA as a quaternary logic with the advantages of better storage, better accuracy and shorter time as compared to binary logic used in conventional silicon-based machines. Adleman first time announced the arrival of computers based on biochemical operations and showed that a large class of difficult and computationally hard problems could be solved by mixing solutions in test tubes in a molecular biology laboratory. DNA ba...

Data security has been a major and challenging aspect in the modern era of information technology... more Data security has been a major and challenging aspect in the modern era of information technology involving the internet and network applications. Especially it becomes serious in the cloud environment because the data is located in different places all over the world. The purpose of securing data is that only concerned and authorized users can access it. Different encryption algorithms provide the necessary protection against the data intruders’ attacks by converting information from its normal form into an unreadable form. Security of data can be done by a technique called cryptography. Recently, the range of cryptography applications has expanded a lot in the area of network and the development of communication means. Cryptography is essentially required to ensure that data are protected against penetrations and to prevent the practice of spying. In this paper, the basic characteristics of different cryptographic algorithms i.e., Symmetric (secret) key cryptography, Asymmetric (p...

The generation of voluminous information due to recent technological advances all over the world,... more The generation of voluminous information due to recent technological advances all over the world, has necessitated the requirement of computerized databases to store, categorize and index the data. Further, the analysis of the data using specialized tools and algorithms, visualization of the results and evaluation of the produced knowledge are equally important steps in the knowledge discovery process. Genetic algorithm is a metaheuristic method inspired by the laws of genetics, which find useful solutions to complex problems. In this method, first some random solutions (individuals) are generated each containing several properties (chromosomes). Based on the laws of crossover and mutations, which occur in chromosomes, a second generation of individuals (population) is produced with more diverse properties. This novel and efficient computational algorithm is used to overcome the constraints posed by the traditional statistical methods. Genetic algorithm has applications in all the f...

ABSRACT: Living cells of organisms operate as highly complex biological computational systems whi... more ABSRACT: Living cells of organisms operate as highly complex biological computational systems which read and rewrite deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) all the time and perform all the processing for the organism’s activities. Computer scientists along with molecular biologist and biochemists are exploring the potential for computation of DNA molecules. Biological computation is needed to realize engineered biological systems that have sophisticated sense-and-respond behaviors. Synthetic biologists have applied engineering concepts to biological systems in order to construct progressively more complex gene circuits capable of processing information in living cells. Novel genetic circuits have been constructed through rational design and forward engineering for their useful applications. Such engineered living cells or microbes have the potential to perform a wide range of desirable tasks that require sophisticated computation and control. In this article, the current states of artificial g...

Volume 6, Issue 6, November – December 2017 Page 143 Abstract Agriculture is the backbone of Indi... more Volume 6, Issue 6, November – December 2017 Page 143 Abstract Agriculture is the backbone of India’s economy and approximately 59% population derive their livelihood from the agricultural sector. However, yield of several crops in India is significantly low as compared to the yield in developed countries. Hence, it is necessary to find solutions that may improve the crop success and productivity. The enhancement of agricultural production and rural development through application of improved information and communication processes is termed as Eagriculture. This emerging field E-agriculture involves the conceptualization, design, development, evaluation and application of innovative ways to use information and communication technologies in the rural domain, with a primary focus on agriculture. Data mining of different crops information system, their production techniques and information inquiry system is necessary to help the farmers. Collection and distribution of crop growth stage...

IJARCCE, 2017

Data mining is the process of discovering and extracting of interesting patterns and knowledge fr... more Data mining is the process of discovering and extracting of interesting patterns and knowledge from large amounts of data. The field of agriculture has to deal with large amounts of data and processing and retrieval of significant data from this abundance of agricultural information is necessary to help the farmers. Therefore, appropriate methods and techniques are required for managing and organizing this data to increase the efficiency and agricultural productivity. The application of data mining methods and techniques to discover new insights or knowledge is a relatively a novel approach in agriculture. Data mining can help to process and convert this raw data into useful information for improving agriculture. In this paper, various data mining techniques used for processing of agricultural information/data such as k-means clustering, k-nearest neighbour, artificial neural networks, support vector machine, naive Bayesian classifier and fuzzy c-means are described. With the advancement of novel and appropriate data mining techniques, different types of agricultural problems will be addressed to improve crop productivity.