Domenico Grasso - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Domenico Grasso

Nature Geoscience, 2020

Important note To cite this publication, please use the final published version (if applicable). ... more Important note To cite this publication, please use the final published version (if applicable). Please check the document version above.

Ecohydrology, 2020

Nature‐based solutions for water‐resource challenges require advances in the science of ecohydrol... more Nature‐based solutions for water‐resource challenges require advances in the science of ecohydrology. Current understanding is limited by a shortage of observations and theories that can further our capability to synthesize complex processes across scales ranging from submillimetres to tens of kilometres. Recent developments in environmental sensing, data, and modelling have the potential to drive rapid improvements in ecohydrological understanding. After briefly reviewing advances in sensor technologies, this paper highlights how improved measurements and modelling can be applied to enhance understanding of the following ecohydrological examples: interception and canopy processes, root uptake and critical zone processes, and up‐scaled effects of land use on streamflow. Novel and improved sensors will enable new questions and experiments, while machine learning and empirical methods provide additional opportunities to advance science. The synergy resulting from the convergence of th...

Environmental Engineering Science, 2019

Journal - Water Pollution Control Federation

... Muslu65 developed a mathematical model for flow through granular beds useful for predicting f... more ... Muslu65 developed a mathematical model for flow through granular beds useful for predicting flu ... and GAC filters alone, and found the latter scheme to be cost-effective for TOC ... complexation model to batch equilibrium data for ad sorption of H+, chromate, phosphate, Pb, and ...

Our treatment of pollution-abatement engineering is offered in the belief that the trained engine... more Our treatment of pollution-abatement engineering is offered in the belief that the trained engineer should more firmly understand fundamental principles, be more aware of the similarities and/or differences among many of the engineering systems, and exhibit greater flexibility and originality in the definition and innovative solution of environmental pollution problems. In short, environmental engineers should by conviction and practice be more readily adaptable to change and progress. Coverage of the unusually broad field of environmental engineering has demanded an expertise that could only be provided through multiple authorships. Each author (or group of authors) was permitted to employ, within reasonable limits, the customary personal style in organizing and presenting a particular subject area, and, consequently, it has been difficult to treat all subject material in a homogeneous manner. Moreover, owing to limitations of space, some of the authors' favored topics could not be treated in great detail, and many less important topics had to be merely mentioned or commented on briefly. All of the authors have provided an excellent list of references at the end of each chapter for the benefit of the interested reader. Because each of the chapters is meant to be self-contained, some mild repetition among the various texts was unavoidable. In each case, all errors of omission or repetition are the responsibility of the editors and not the individual authors. With the current trend toward metrication, the question of using a consistent system of units has been a problem. Wherever possible the authors have used the British system along with the metric equivalent or vice versa. The authors sincerely hope that this doubled system of unit notation will prove helpful rather than disruptive to the readers. The goals of the Handbook of Environmental Engineering series are: (1) to cover the entire range of environmental fields, including air and noise pollution control, solid waste processing and resource recovery, biological treatment processes, water resources, natural control processes, radioactive waste disposal, thermal pollution control, and physicochemical treatment processes; and (2) to employ a multithematic approach to environmental pollution control because air, water, land, and energy are all interrelated. The organization of the series is mainly based on the three basic forms in which pollutants and waste are manifested: gas, solid, and liquid. In addition, noise pollution control is included in one of the handbooks in the series. This volume, Physicochemical Treatment Processes, has been designed to serve as a basic physicochemical treatment text as well as a comprehensive reference book. We hope and expect it will prove to be of high value to advanced undergraduate or graduate students, to designers of water and wastewater treatment systems, and to research workers. The editors welcome comments from readers in all these categories. It is our hope that this book will not only provide information on the physical, chemical, and mechanical treatment technologies, but will also serve as a basis for advanced study or specialized investigation of the theory and practice of the individual physicochemical systems covered. The editors are pleased to acknowledge the encouragement and support received from their colleagues and the publisher during the conceptual stages of this endeavor. We wish to thank the contributing authors for their time and effort, and for having vi Preface patiently borne our reviews and numerous queries and comments. We are very grateful to our respective families for their patience and understanding during some rather trying times.

, except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection w... more , except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights.

Ozone: Science & Engineering, 1987

The formation of potentially carcinogenic organic halides has been shown to result from drinking ... more The formation of potentially carcinogenic organic halides has been shown to result from drinking water disinfection with chlorine. xidative treatment of organic halide precursors with ozone prior to chlorination has surfaced as an attractive technique for reducing the formation of these compounds. In addition to reduction of precursor levels, preozonation has been reported to effect other beneficial results in water treatment. This paper presents design methodologies to optimize the implementation of the ozonation process for water treatment applications. Pre-design considerations common to all ozonation design processes are discussed. Subsequently, design procedures for the ozone generation and contacting systems are reviewed.

Journal of Environmental Engineering, 1995

Considerable research on the process of filter backwashing with fluidization has been done during... more Considerable research on the process of filter backwashing with fluidization has been done during the last two decades, but there is little fundamental understanding of the mechanisms of particle detachment from filter media. The overall goal of the research reported in this study is to gain a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms by which colloidal-sized particles detach from larger grains. The theoretical part of this study has focused on calculating the interaction forces between a single particle and a collector surface coated with a deposited layer. The interaction forces that would control particle detachment include van der Waals attractive forces, electrical double-layer interactive forces, Born repulsive forces, and structural forces. The experimental studies were performed on laboratory scale model systems with well-defined spherical particle suspensions. Latex particles (5 μm) were filtered in a packed bed column of glass beads. The detachment of particles during filter backwashing under ...

Journal of Environmental Engineering, 1997

Journal of Environmental Engineering, 1984

This theory emphasizes diffusion resistance to mass transfer in the floc particles and biopolymer... more This theory emphasizes diffusion resistance to mass transfer in the floc particles and biopolymer production from recycled bacterial protoplasm. The diffusive effectiveness factor is a simple function of sludge age and hydraulic residence time. The diameters and settling velocities of the floc particles are predicted. Specific bacterial respiration rate, specific soluble substrate as‐similation rate, and floc settling velocity data from the literature are correlated by the theory.

Journal of Engineering Education, 2002

As issues of professional and ethical responsibility are receiving greater emphasis in engineerin... more As issues of professional and ethical responsibility are receiving greater emphasis in engineering programs, the view of engineering as a profession in service to humanity is becoming more widespread. One approach to fostering this perspective among engineering students is the inclusion of socially relevant design projects throughout the curriculum. In this paper we present an example of one such project used in the introduction to engineering course at Smith College (the largest women's college in the U.S.) in which students are challenged to design toys that introduce children to the principles that underlie technology (TOYtech, or Teaching Our Youth Technology). Based on student surveys, we found that the majority of the course learning objectives were achieved through the implementation of the project, with students emphasizing that the project taught them about the importance of working well in teams and of considering the societal impact of engineering practice. In additio...

Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2000

Environmental Science & Technology, 2006

Predicting the fate of microorganisms in the environment is increasingly warranted, especially fo... more Predicting the fate of microorganisms in the environment is increasingly warranted, especially for pathogenic strains. A major habitat of Escherichia coli, which encompasses commensal as well as pathogenic strains, is the gastrointestinal tract with conditions very different from the environment it encounters after shedding from the host or during cultivation in the laboratory. We developed two relevant growth conditions representative of intestinal (hostassociated) and external (postshedding) environments to investigate the surficial properties and behaviors of a diverse subset of E. coli feedlot isolates. Surficial properties may determine an isolate's physical fate. A pronounced increase in cell hydrophobicity and concomitant biofilm mass formation was observed for isolates grown under external conditions. Isolates that exhibited the highest surface hydrophobicity also formed visible suspended aggregates under external conditions. Other than hydrophobicity, flagella-mediated motility was determinant in affecting E. coli biofilm formation under external conditions, with all four nonmotile E. coli isolates characterized as thin-biofilm formers. The majority (88%) of Ag43 + (outer membrane protein, antigen 43) isolates formed thick biofilms, whereas the majority (75%) of Ag43isolates formed thin biofilms. The tested E. coli O157:H7 strain behaved differently from the environmental E. coli isolates: it displayed a low electrostatic charge, a small decrease in hydrophobicity upon shifts to external conditions, and very little biofilm formation. On the other hand, the commonly used laboratory strain E. coli K-12 displayed low hydrophobicity both intestinally and externally, but it formed significant biofilm mass under external conditions. Clearly, various E. coli strains manifest significant variability in surficial behavior. This variability is further modulated by growth conditions. The interacting strain-inherent and cultivation-dependent effects on surficial behavior may have broad consequences for the fate and ecology of pathogenic and commensal E. coli strains.

Environmental Science & Technology, 2003

The goal of this study was to explore the relationship between metal extracellular sorption, intr... more The goal of this study was to explore the relationship between metal extracellular sorption, intracellular accumulation, and nitrification inhibition. Metal sorption on nitrifying biomass was rapid and could be described by linear partitioning with partition coefficients (K p) of 20.3 (0.1, 0.4 (0.0, 0.1 (0.0, and 0.2 (0.0 L/g biomass chemical oxygen demand for Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cd, respectively. On the other hand, intracellular Zn, Ni, and Cd concentrations continued to increase with time beyond 12 h after metal addition, whereas intracellular Cu attained equilibrium after 4 h. Metal internalization kinetics could be described by an intraparticle diffusion model, with characteristic diffusion time constants (t d) of 9.4, 64.6, 80.5, and 66.1 h for Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cd, respectively. Ultimate internalized percentages of the total cell-associated metal were 1.4 (0.0, 4.3 (0.5, 7.6 (1.0, and 2.7 (0.2% for Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cd, respectively. Nitrification inhibition was not a function of the sorbed metal fraction but correlated well with intracellular Zn, Ni, or Cd fractions. An intraparticle diffusion model coupled with a saturation-type biological toxicity model fit the inhibition data for varying initial Cd concentrations and exposure periods. In contrast, no relationship between intracellular or sorbed Cu concentrations and nitrification inhibition was observed. In the presence of 1 mM Cu, less than 13.3 (10.5% cells remained viable as compared to 72.8 (7.5, 104.8 (1.7, and 84.7 (7.0% (assumed 100% viable cells in metal-free control) in the presence of 1 mM Zn, Ni, and Cd, respectively. Hence, the observations that inhibition by metals such as Zn, Ni, and Cd is related to their intracellular fraction and the slow kinetics of metal internalization indicate that metal inhibition can easily be underpredicted from short-term batch assays. Furthermore, the inhibitory mechanism of Cu was very different from Zn, Ni, and Cd and may involve rapid loss of membrane integrity.

Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 1998

Batch leaching tests are commonly used to assess the leaching potential of various organic and in... more Batch leaching tests are commonly used to assess the leaching potential of various organic and inorganic contaminants from soil. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), a batch leaching test developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, employs an aggressive mixing technique that may allow colloidal fractions to appear in the filtrate. This study quantified the generation of colloid fractions during TCLP testing of a coal-tar contaminated soil, and explored the mechanics of disaggregation. Particle count data indicated that the concentration of 0.72 and 0.83 Ixm diameter colloids in the filtrate increased with agitation time. The shear rate in the agitation vessel was determined, as well as the hydrodynamic forces acting on the 0.72 and 0.83 ~trn colloids attached to the soil grains. Through use of force and moment balances, and the Johnson-Kendall-Roberts and Derjaguin-Muller-Toporov adhesion models, it was determined that the operative detachment mechanism is most likely roiling or sliding, depending on the contact radius and the coefficient of static friction. Colloid generation during the TCLP test results in an increase in total colloidal surface area in the filtrate, and may concomitantly result in an overprediction of the aqueous phase concentration of hydrophobic contaminants.

Chemosphere, 2001

Complexing agents are frequently used in treatment technologies to remediate soils, sediments and... more Complexing agents are frequently used in treatment technologies to remediate soils, sediments and wastes contaminated with toxic metals. The present study reports results that indicate that the rate and extent of soil organic matter (SOM) as represented by dissolved natural organic carbon (DNOC) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) desorption from a contaminated soil from a manufactured gas plant (MGP) site can be signi®cantly enhanced with the aid of complexing agents. Desorption of DNOC and PAH compounds was pH dependent, with minimal release occurring at pH 2±3 and maximal release at pH 7±8. At pH$6, chelate solutions were shown to dissolve large amounts of humic substances from the soil compared to controls. The complexing agents mobilized polyvalent metal ions, particularly Fe and Al from the soil. Metal ion chelation may disrupt humic±(metal ion)±mineral linkages, resulting in mobilization of SOM and accompanying PAH molecules into the aqueous phase; and/or reduce the degree of cross-linking in the soil organic matter phase, which could accelerate PAH diusion.

Environmental Engineering Science, 2003

Nitrification inhibition by the ethylenediamine-based chelating agents ethylenediaminetetraacetic... more Nitrification inhibition by the ethylenediamine-based chelating agents ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), and ethylenediamine (EDA) was evaluated in batch extant respirometric assays employing biomass from a continuously operated nitrifying enrichment reactor. All three chelating agents inhibited ammonium oxidation but did not inhibit nitrite oxidation within the concentration range tested (0-3 mM). The order of inhibition (molar-based) was: EDA .. EDTA. DTPA. The concentration causing 50% inhibition was estimated at 0.6, 2.4, and 3.1 mM for EDA, EDTA, and DTPA, respectively. Inhibition by EDTA reached its ultimate value within 6 h, whereas inhibition by EDA increased up to 6 h and then decreased. Addition of multivalent cations (i.e., Fe 31 , Ca 21 , and Mg 21) relieved inhibition by EDTA but not EDA. Inhibition by both EDTA and DTPA, but not EDA, correlated with the depletion of cellular Ca 21. Further, inhibition by EDA correlated with substantial leakage of cellular K 1 and disruption of cellular membrane integrity inferred from LIVE/DEAD ® Baclight™ viability assays. EDA appears to inhibit nitrifying activity by a different operative mechanism than EDTA and DTPA. Finally, the extant batch assays accurately predicted inhibition by EDTA in the continuous flow parent reactor, suggesting the potential application of the batch assay to predict inhibition of nitrifying activity in full-scale biological treatment systems.

Choice Reviews Online, 2010