Dominique Lopez - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Dominique Lopez
Social science & medicine (1982), Jan 25, 2018
The capability approach pioneered by Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum offers a new paradigm to exa... more The capability approach pioneered by Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum offers a new paradigm to examine disability, poverty and their complex associations. Disability is hence defined as a situation in which a person with an impairment faces various forms of restrictions in functionings and capabilities. Additionally, poverty is not the mere absence of income but a lack of ability to achieve essential functionings; disability is consequently the poverty of capabilities of persons with impairment. It is the lack of opportunities in a given context and agency that leads to persons with disabilities being poorer than other social groups. Consequently, poverty of people with disabilities comprises of complex processes of social exclusion and disempowerment. Despite growing evidence that persons with disabilities face higher levels of poverty, the literature from low and middle-income countries that analyzes the causal link between disability and poverty, remains limited. Drawing on data f...
Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 2015
When this article was originally published online there was a spelling error in the name of the t... more When this article was originally published online there was a spelling error in the name of the third author. This has now been amended to read Sarah Myers Tlapek.
Cet article presente une revue de la litterature a un niveau rarement mene en France. A partir d&... more Cet article presente une revue de la litterature a un niveau rarement mene en France. A partir d'une analyse qualitative de plusieurs centaines de rapports, d'ouvrages et d'articles scientifiques internationaux,le rapport de l'OFOT dresse un tableau de la relation complexe entre usage de drogues et dommages sociaux. Il s'agit d'un terrain mine, tant le parti ideologique prend le pas sur l'analyse sociologique et plurifactorielle: en effet, pour beaucoup la drogue reste une cause majeure des problemes sociaux alors qu'elle apparait comme leur resultante pour d'autres. Un tel travail doit bien sur servir a l'elaboration des politiques publiques et a leur evaluation mais il doit aussi eviter l'ecueil d'une explication systematique de faits que ne suffisent pas toujours a confirmer l'accumulation de donnees et d'etudes. Le theme de la relation familiale a ete choisi pour valoriser ce travail car d'une part il est impossible de ...
This literature review provides a comprehensive report on the relationship between drug use, impa... more This literature review provides a comprehensive report on the relationship between drug use, impaired driving and traffic accidents. It describes methodological issues, presents the results of prevalence surveys among drivers, provides an overview of findings from major international epidemiological surveys, and gathers evidence from experimental and field studies of the relationship between drug use, driving impairment and traffic accidents.
ALTER - European Journal of Disability Research / Revue Européenne de Recherche sur le Handicap
Social science & medicine (1982), Jan 25, 2018
The capability approach pioneered by Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum offers a new paradigm to exa... more The capability approach pioneered by Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum offers a new paradigm to examine disability, poverty and their complex associations. Disability is hence defined as a situation in which a person with an impairment faces various forms of restrictions in functionings and capabilities. Additionally, poverty is not the mere absence of income but a lack of ability to achieve essential functionings; disability is consequently the poverty of capabilities of persons with impairment. It is the lack of opportunities in a given context and agency that leads to persons with disabilities being poorer than other social groups. Consequently, poverty of people with disabilities comprises of complex processes of social exclusion and disempowerment. Despite growing evidence that persons with disabilities face higher levels of poverty, the literature from low and middle-income countries that analyzes the causal link between disability and poverty, remains limited. Drawing on data f...
Social Science & Medicine, 2010
This paper presents findings on conditions of healthcare delivery in Afghanistan. There is an ong... more This paper presents findings on conditions of healthcare delivery in Afghanistan. There is an ongoing debate about barriers to healthcare in low-income as well as fragile states. In 2002, the Government of Afghanistan established a Basic Package of Health Services (BPHS), contracting primary healthcare delivery to non-state providers. The priority was to give access to the most vulnerable groups: women, children, disabled persons, and the poorest households. In 2005, we conducted a nationwide survey, and using a logistic regression model, investigated provider choice. We also measured associations between perceived availability and usefulness of healthcare providers. Our results indicate that the implementation of the package has partially reached its goal: to target the most vulnerable. The pattern of use of healthcare provider suggests that disabled people, female-headed households, and poorest households visited health centres more often (during the year preceding the survey interview). But these vulnerable groups faced more difficulties while using health centres, hospitals as well as private providers and their out-of-pocket expenditure was higher than other groups. In the model of provider choice, time to travel reduces the likelihood for all Afghans of choosing health centres and hospitals. We situate these findings in the larger context of current debates regarding healthcare delivery for vulnerable populations in fragile state environments. The 'scaling-up process' is faced with several issues that jeopardize the objective of equitable access: cost of care, coverage of remote areas, and competition from profit-orientated providers. To overcome these structural barriers, we suggest reinforcing processes of transparency, accountability and participation.
Revue Toxibase, 2005
1 Dommages sociaux liés à l'usage de drogues : focus sur les relations et difficultés familiales ... more 1 Dommages sociaux liés à l'usage de drogues : focus sur les relations et difficultés familiales Aborder la question des dommages sociaux liés aux usages de substances psychoactives est une tâche ambitieuse et complexe. Ambitieuse parce que la quantité de littérature de recherche sur ce sujet, plus qu'abondante, est proprement monstrueuse. Sur le seul sujet des relations entre les drogues et la criminalité, Brochu et Schneeberger avaient recensé en 2001 plus de 3 000 publications internationales au cours des dix dernières années seulement (Brochu S. et Schneeberger P., 2001). Complexe car la notion même de dommages sociaux est ambiguë, les variables examinées sont ici des facteurs de risques en amont et là des conséquences en aval, et les études distinguent peu ou mal entre les diverses substances et les types de consommation. Pour autant, la capacité de mesurer de manière empirique les dommages liés à des usages différenciés des substances psychoactives est essentielle à toute politique publique. Les instruments de mesure épidémiologique qui avaient pour objectif initial de mieux connaître les tendances de consommation de diverses substances, ont rapidement acquis une dimension de santé publique : repérer les usages à risques pour la transmission de diverses maladies, notamment par l'usage de seringues, ainsi que des formes de co-morbidités psychiatriques et les décès. Les données ainsi accumulées peuvent aussi former une base utile pour le suivi et l'évaluation des politiques publiques. Elles ont, en tout cas, été utilisées sur une base comparative internationale pour appuyer des réflexions sur l'efficacité des politiques publiques (Cesoni M. L., 1995 ; Comité spécial du Sénat sur les drogues illicites, 2002 ; MacCoun R., et al., 1996, entres autres).
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2010
Aim of the study: To review the information available on the use of khat (Catha edulis) in the EU... more Aim of the study: To review the information available on the use of khat (Catha edulis) in the EU, and to assess the future use of this drug and related substances. Material and methods: Khat is not controlled by international law and it has not been systematically included in the list of illicit drugs monitored in the EU. The current principal source of information on khat use in Europe is the early-warning system set up to monitor new and emerging drugs. Further information was obtained from official national reports to the EMCDDA and from the scientific literature. Results: Across Europe, the use of khat is low. Khat use is limited to countries with immigrant communities from countries where khat use is common (such as Ethiopia, Somalia and Kenya). Information on the prevalence of khat use in the general population is scarce. Data on seizures provide an insight on the situation, though these may be difficult to interpret. The most recent estimates suggest that Europe accounts for about 40% of the khat seized worldwide. Conclusion: The shortage of data on the use and patterns of use of khat in Europe does not allow an evaluation of the needs for health and social interventions in communities in which the drug is used. But seizures of the plant are increasing in the EU, and more synthetic derivatives of the pharmacologically active ingredients of the plant (cathine and cathinone) are appearing on the market. Some of these, like mephedrone, have significant potential for future diffusion, and are likely to play a greater role on the European drug scene of the future.
Drug and Alcohol Review, 2008
Introduction and Aims. This paper provides an overview of the historical development, current sit... more Introduction and Aims. This paper provides an overview of the historical development, current situation and potential future diffusion of methamphetamine (MA) use in Europe. Design and Methods. The analysis is based on a review of published and grey literature, as well as data collected as part of the ongoing monitoring of the drug situation in Europe. Some qualitative surveys among high-risk populations do exist, but overall the general low prevalence of methamphetamine use in most of Europe means that the data available to explore patterns of use are limited. Results. In many parts of Europe, amphetamine use is well established and the injecting of amphetamines has historically constituted an important component of the drug problem in many Nordic countries. Methamphetamine problems are long documented in the Czech and Slovak republics, but there is no current evidence of widespread use of MA elsewhere in Europe. Concern that MA use is spreading in Europe is prompted by some reports of use among high-risk groups. However, the evidence available suggests that even in highrisk populations, the use of MA currently remains uncommon. Europe accounted for less than 1% of worldwide MA seizures in 2005, and over the period 2004 -05 European ephedrine seizures amounted for 6% of the global figure. Discussion. The spread of MA use is limited and no strong evidence exists that significant diffusion is occurring. It appears likely that methamphetamine diffusion in Europe is impeded by a strong market for other stimulant drugs [cocaine, amphetamine and methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)]. The future potential for the diffusion of MA may be influenced by factors such as: the relative availability and popularity of other drugs; possible 'leakage' from areas of historical high prevalence; travel by young Europeans to areas of high prevalence; and how users perceive MA as a desirable, suitable and cost-effective alternative to other stimulants available on the European illicit drug market. [Griffiths P, Mravcik V, Lopez D, Klempova D. Quite a lot of smoke but very limited fire-the use of methamphetamine in Europe. Drug Alcohol Rev 2008;27:236-242]
Social Science & Medicine, 2010
This paper presents findings on conditions of healthcare delivery in Afghanistan. There is an ong... more This paper presents findings on conditions of healthcare delivery in Afghanistan. There is an ongoing debate about barriers to healthcare in low-income as well as fragile states. In 2002, the Government of Afghanistan established a Basic Package of Health Services (BPHS), contracting primary healthcare delivery to non-state providers. The priority was to give access to the most vulnerable groups: women, children, disabled persons, and the poorest households. In 2005, we conducted a nationwide survey, and using a logistic regression model, investigated provider choice. We also measured associations between perceived availability and usefulness of healthcare providers. Our results indicate that the implementation of the package has partially reached its goal: to target the most vulnerable. The pattern of use of healthcare provider suggests that disabled people, female-headed households, and poorest households visited health centres more often (during the year preceding the survey interview). But these vulnerable groups faced more difficulties while using health centres, hospitals as well as private providers and their out-of-pocket expenditure was higher than other groups. In the model of provider choice, time to travel reduces the likelihood for all Afghans of choosing health centres and hospitals. We situate these findings in the larger context of current debates regarding healthcare delivery for vulnerable populations in fragile state environments. The 'scaling-up process' is faced with several issues that jeopardize the objective of equitable access: cost of care, coverage of remote areas, and competition from profit-orientated providers. To overcome these structural barriers, we suggest reinforcing processes of transparency, accountability and participation.
Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 2015
Social science & medicine (1982), Jan 25, 2018
The capability approach pioneered by Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum offers a new paradigm to exa... more The capability approach pioneered by Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum offers a new paradigm to examine disability, poverty and their complex associations. Disability is hence defined as a situation in which a person with an impairment faces various forms of restrictions in functionings and capabilities. Additionally, poverty is not the mere absence of income but a lack of ability to achieve essential functionings; disability is consequently the poverty of capabilities of persons with impairment. It is the lack of opportunities in a given context and agency that leads to persons with disabilities being poorer than other social groups. Consequently, poverty of people with disabilities comprises of complex processes of social exclusion and disempowerment. Despite growing evidence that persons with disabilities face higher levels of poverty, the literature from low and middle-income countries that analyzes the causal link between disability and poverty, remains limited. Drawing on data f...
Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 2015
When this article was originally published online there was a spelling error in the name of the t... more When this article was originally published online there was a spelling error in the name of the third author. This has now been amended to read Sarah Myers Tlapek.
Cet article presente une revue de la litterature a un niveau rarement mene en France. A partir d&... more Cet article presente une revue de la litterature a un niveau rarement mene en France. A partir d'une analyse qualitative de plusieurs centaines de rapports, d'ouvrages et d'articles scientifiques internationaux,le rapport de l'OFOT dresse un tableau de la relation complexe entre usage de drogues et dommages sociaux. Il s'agit d'un terrain mine, tant le parti ideologique prend le pas sur l'analyse sociologique et plurifactorielle: en effet, pour beaucoup la drogue reste une cause majeure des problemes sociaux alors qu'elle apparait comme leur resultante pour d'autres. Un tel travail doit bien sur servir a l'elaboration des politiques publiques et a leur evaluation mais il doit aussi eviter l'ecueil d'une explication systematique de faits que ne suffisent pas toujours a confirmer l'accumulation de donnees et d'etudes. Le theme de la relation familiale a ete choisi pour valoriser ce travail car d'une part il est impossible de ...
This literature review provides a comprehensive report on the relationship between drug use, impa... more This literature review provides a comprehensive report on the relationship between drug use, impaired driving and traffic accidents. It describes methodological issues, presents the results of prevalence surveys among drivers, provides an overview of findings from major international epidemiological surveys, and gathers evidence from experimental and field studies of the relationship between drug use, driving impairment and traffic accidents.
ALTER - European Journal of Disability Research / Revue Européenne de Recherche sur le Handicap
Social science & medicine (1982), Jan 25, 2018
The capability approach pioneered by Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum offers a new paradigm to exa... more The capability approach pioneered by Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum offers a new paradigm to examine disability, poverty and their complex associations. Disability is hence defined as a situation in which a person with an impairment faces various forms of restrictions in functionings and capabilities. Additionally, poverty is not the mere absence of income but a lack of ability to achieve essential functionings; disability is consequently the poverty of capabilities of persons with impairment. It is the lack of opportunities in a given context and agency that leads to persons with disabilities being poorer than other social groups. Consequently, poverty of people with disabilities comprises of complex processes of social exclusion and disempowerment. Despite growing evidence that persons with disabilities face higher levels of poverty, the literature from low and middle-income countries that analyzes the causal link between disability and poverty, remains limited. Drawing on data f...
Social Science & Medicine, 2010
This paper presents findings on conditions of healthcare delivery in Afghanistan. There is an ong... more This paper presents findings on conditions of healthcare delivery in Afghanistan. There is an ongoing debate about barriers to healthcare in low-income as well as fragile states. In 2002, the Government of Afghanistan established a Basic Package of Health Services (BPHS), contracting primary healthcare delivery to non-state providers. The priority was to give access to the most vulnerable groups: women, children, disabled persons, and the poorest households. In 2005, we conducted a nationwide survey, and using a logistic regression model, investigated provider choice. We also measured associations between perceived availability and usefulness of healthcare providers. Our results indicate that the implementation of the package has partially reached its goal: to target the most vulnerable. The pattern of use of healthcare provider suggests that disabled people, female-headed households, and poorest households visited health centres more often (during the year preceding the survey interview). But these vulnerable groups faced more difficulties while using health centres, hospitals as well as private providers and their out-of-pocket expenditure was higher than other groups. In the model of provider choice, time to travel reduces the likelihood for all Afghans of choosing health centres and hospitals. We situate these findings in the larger context of current debates regarding healthcare delivery for vulnerable populations in fragile state environments. The 'scaling-up process' is faced with several issues that jeopardize the objective of equitable access: cost of care, coverage of remote areas, and competition from profit-orientated providers. To overcome these structural barriers, we suggest reinforcing processes of transparency, accountability and participation.
Revue Toxibase, 2005
1 Dommages sociaux liés à l'usage de drogues : focus sur les relations et difficultés familiales ... more 1 Dommages sociaux liés à l'usage de drogues : focus sur les relations et difficultés familiales Aborder la question des dommages sociaux liés aux usages de substances psychoactives est une tâche ambitieuse et complexe. Ambitieuse parce que la quantité de littérature de recherche sur ce sujet, plus qu'abondante, est proprement monstrueuse. Sur le seul sujet des relations entre les drogues et la criminalité, Brochu et Schneeberger avaient recensé en 2001 plus de 3 000 publications internationales au cours des dix dernières années seulement (Brochu S. et Schneeberger P., 2001). Complexe car la notion même de dommages sociaux est ambiguë, les variables examinées sont ici des facteurs de risques en amont et là des conséquences en aval, et les études distinguent peu ou mal entre les diverses substances et les types de consommation. Pour autant, la capacité de mesurer de manière empirique les dommages liés à des usages différenciés des substances psychoactives est essentielle à toute politique publique. Les instruments de mesure épidémiologique qui avaient pour objectif initial de mieux connaître les tendances de consommation de diverses substances, ont rapidement acquis une dimension de santé publique : repérer les usages à risques pour la transmission de diverses maladies, notamment par l'usage de seringues, ainsi que des formes de co-morbidités psychiatriques et les décès. Les données ainsi accumulées peuvent aussi former une base utile pour le suivi et l'évaluation des politiques publiques. Elles ont, en tout cas, été utilisées sur une base comparative internationale pour appuyer des réflexions sur l'efficacité des politiques publiques (Cesoni M. L., 1995 ; Comité spécial du Sénat sur les drogues illicites, 2002 ; MacCoun R., et al., 1996, entres autres).
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2010
Aim of the study: To review the information available on the use of khat (Catha edulis) in the EU... more Aim of the study: To review the information available on the use of khat (Catha edulis) in the EU, and to assess the future use of this drug and related substances. Material and methods: Khat is not controlled by international law and it has not been systematically included in the list of illicit drugs monitored in the EU. The current principal source of information on khat use in Europe is the early-warning system set up to monitor new and emerging drugs. Further information was obtained from official national reports to the EMCDDA and from the scientific literature. Results: Across Europe, the use of khat is low. Khat use is limited to countries with immigrant communities from countries where khat use is common (such as Ethiopia, Somalia and Kenya). Information on the prevalence of khat use in the general population is scarce. Data on seizures provide an insight on the situation, though these may be difficult to interpret. The most recent estimates suggest that Europe accounts for about 40% of the khat seized worldwide. Conclusion: The shortage of data on the use and patterns of use of khat in Europe does not allow an evaluation of the needs for health and social interventions in communities in which the drug is used. But seizures of the plant are increasing in the EU, and more synthetic derivatives of the pharmacologically active ingredients of the plant (cathine and cathinone) are appearing on the market. Some of these, like mephedrone, have significant potential for future diffusion, and are likely to play a greater role on the European drug scene of the future.
Drug and Alcohol Review, 2008
Introduction and Aims. This paper provides an overview of the historical development, current sit... more Introduction and Aims. This paper provides an overview of the historical development, current situation and potential future diffusion of methamphetamine (MA) use in Europe. Design and Methods. The analysis is based on a review of published and grey literature, as well as data collected as part of the ongoing monitoring of the drug situation in Europe. Some qualitative surveys among high-risk populations do exist, but overall the general low prevalence of methamphetamine use in most of Europe means that the data available to explore patterns of use are limited. Results. In many parts of Europe, amphetamine use is well established and the injecting of amphetamines has historically constituted an important component of the drug problem in many Nordic countries. Methamphetamine problems are long documented in the Czech and Slovak republics, but there is no current evidence of widespread use of MA elsewhere in Europe. Concern that MA use is spreading in Europe is prompted by some reports of use among high-risk groups. However, the evidence available suggests that even in highrisk populations, the use of MA currently remains uncommon. Europe accounted for less than 1% of worldwide MA seizures in 2005, and over the period 2004 -05 European ephedrine seizures amounted for 6% of the global figure. Discussion. The spread of MA use is limited and no strong evidence exists that significant diffusion is occurring. It appears likely that methamphetamine diffusion in Europe is impeded by a strong market for other stimulant drugs [cocaine, amphetamine and methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)]. The future potential for the diffusion of MA may be influenced by factors such as: the relative availability and popularity of other drugs; possible 'leakage' from areas of historical high prevalence; travel by young Europeans to areas of high prevalence; and how users perceive MA as a desirable, suitable and cost-effective alternative to other stimulants available on the European illicit drug market. [Griffiths P, Mravcik V, Lopez D, Klempova D. Quite a lot of smoke but very limited fire-the use of methamphetamine in Europe. Drug Alcohol Rev 2008;27:236-242]
Social Science & Medicine, 2010
This paper presents findings on conditions of healthcare delivery in Afghanistan. There is an ong... more This paper presents findings on conditions of healthcare delivery in Afghanistan. There is an ongoing debate about barriers to healthcare in low-income as well as fragile states. In 2002, the Government of Afghanistan established a Basic Package of Health Services (BPHS), contracting primary healthcare delivery to non-state providers. The priority was to give access to the most vulnerable groups: women, children, disabled persons, and the poorest households. In 2005, we conducted a nationwide survey, and using a logistic regression model, investigated provider choice. We also measured associations between perceived availability and usefulness of healthcare providers. Our results indicate that the implementation of the package has partially reached its goal: to target the most vulnerable. The pattern of use of healthcare provider suggests that disabled people, female-headed households, and poorest households visited health centres more often (during the year preceding the survey interview). But these vulnerable groups faced more difficulties while using health centres, hospitals as well as private providers and their out-of-pocket expenditure was higher than other groups. In the model of provider choice, time to travel reduces the likelihood for all Afghans of choosing health centres and hospitals. We situate these findings in the larger context of current debates regarding healthcare delivery for vulnerable populations in fragile state environments. The 'scaling-up process' is faced with several issues that jeopardize the objective of equitable access: cost of care, coverage of remote areas, and competition from profit-orientated providers. To overcome these structural barriers, we suggest reinforcing processes of transparency, accountability and participation.
Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 2015