Don Harris - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Don Harris

Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 2011

International Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics, 2021

The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation: Applications, Methodology, Technology, 2019

This paper advances live (L), virtual (V), and constructive (C) simulation methodologies by intro... more This paper advances live (L), virtual (V), and constructive (C) simulation methodologies by introducing a new LVC simulation framework for the development of air combat tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP). In the framework, TTP is developed iteratively in separate C-, V-, and L-simulation stages. This allows the utilization of the strengths of each simulation class while avoiding the challenges of pure LVC simulations. The C-stage provides the optimal TTP with respect to the probabilities of survival ( Ps) and kill ( Pk) of aircraft without considering the human–machine interaction (HMI). In the V-stage, the optimal TTP is modified by assessing its applicability with Pk and Ps, as well as HMI measures regarding pilots’ situation awareness, mental workload, and TTP adherence. In the L-stage, real aircraft are used to evaluate whether the developed TTP leads to acceptable Pk, Ps, and HMI measures in a real-life environment. The iterative nature of the framework enables that V- o...

Cognition, Technology & Work, 2017

Aviation, space, and environmental medicine, 2007

Aviation accident rates vary in different regions; Asia and Africa have higher rates than Europe ... more Aviation accident rates vary in different regions; Asia and Africa have higher rates than Europe and America. There has been a great deal of discussion about the role of culture in aviation mishaps; however, culture is rarely mentioned as a contributory factor in accidents. It is hypothesized that different cultures will show different patterns in the underlying causal factors in aircraft accidents. Using a meta-analysis of previously published results, this research examined statistical differences in the 18 categories of the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) across accidents in the Republic of China (Taiwan), India, and the United States. Seven HFACS categories exhibited significant differences between these three regions. These were mostly concerned with contributory factors at the higher organizational levels. The differences were related to organizational processes, organizational climate, resource management, inadequate supervision, physical/mental limit...

Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance, 2021

BACKGROUND: Normative performance (NP) describes the pilots’ adherence to tactics, techniques, an... more BACKGROUND: Normative performance (NP) describes the pilots’ adherence to tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs). Until now, there has not been a global NP measurement technique for beyond visual range (BVR) air combat, and the methodology and technology related to the evaluation of NP have fallen behind the pace of the overall technical progress of distributed mission operations (DMO) training.METHODS: Platform-independent core air combat tasks were identified. The execution of these tasks is directed with TTPs. BVR air combat missions were flown in a DMO simulator system and the design NP was varied between missions. Observers viewed debriefs of these missions and attempted to identify TTP-regulated air combat tasks. Once identified, they scored the pilots’ NP in those tasks. The scoring was based on the level of TTP adherence and the impact a nonadherence had on the mission accomplishment.RESULTS: All observers were able to identify most of the TTP-regulated air combat tasks....

Contents: Product Design and Analysis: The user in control: from HMI to JCS, Erik Hollnagel Augme... more Contents: Product Design and Analysis: The user in control: from HMI to JCS, Erik Hollnagel Augmenting mediaspace: a socio-cognitive engineering approach, Chris Baber, Huw Bristow, Sean-Le Cheng, Anna Hedley, Yuri Kuriyama, Marc Lien, James Pollard and Phil Sorrell A requirements analysis of personal mobile computers for police officers, Chris Baber, David Haniff, Mike Sharples, Michael Boardman and Amber Price The impact of cultural differences on the design of self-service technology, Nicholas A. Bradley, Ronald W. McLeod and Eleanor Forrest Using an adaptable communication protocol for enhanced quality of perception, George Ghinea and Johnson P. Thomas Error in engineering design as failure in distributed cognition, Jerry S. Busby and Ralph E. Hibberd Computer assisted learning of accident causation by engineers, Ralph E. Hibberd and Jerry S. Busby Usability engineering for payload interfaces in space stations: handbook and example, Mark A. Neerincx, Mark Ruijsendaal, Jorgen Flen...

This research analyzed 523 accidents in the R.O.C. Air Force between 1978 and 2002 using the Huma... more This research analyzed 523 accidents in the R.O.C. Air Force between 1978 and 2002 using the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) framework described by Wiegmann & Shappell (2003). This study provides an understanding, based upon empirical evidence, of how actions and decisions at higher levels in the organization to result in operational errors and accidents. Suggestions are made about intervention strategies focusing on the categories at higher levels of HFACS. Specific targets for remedial safety actions should be aimed in the areas that share the strongest and greatest number of significant associations with ‘Organizational Influences’ (for example, ‘organizational process’, ‘inadequate supervision’ and ‘Crew Resource Management’). The greatest gains in safety benefit could be achieved by targeting these areas. Furthermore, this study also demonstrates that the HFACS framework is a useful tool for guiding accident investigations and for targeting potentially ...

Human factors and aerospace safety, 2005

On May 25, 2002, China Airlines Flight CI-611, a Boeing 747-200, crashed into the Taiwan Strait a... more On May 25, 2002, China Airlines Flight CI-611, a Boeing 747-200, crashed into the Taiwan Strait after experiencing an in-flight break-up at an altitude of 34,900 ft. This paper uses this accident as a case study to illustrate the various layers and dimensions of safety culture. An open system model of safety culture called the ripple model is used to demonstrate that there is a complex interrelationship between concerns, influences and subsequent actions that needs to be understood in examining safety culture. Indeed, it is suggested that the study of safety culture within an organization is meaningless without reference to a wider context that includes not only line personnel, middle management and senior management, but also regulators, government and society.

Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics: Cognition and Design

Background: Two ADM mnemonic-based methods, SHOR (Wohl, 1981) and DESIDE (Murray, 1997), have bee... more Background: Two ADM mnemonic-based methods, SHOR (Wohl, 1981) and DESIDE (Murray, 1997), have been demonstrated to significantly improve military pilots’ in-flight decision-making performance in six different tactical situations (Li & Harris, 2005). However, there is little research concerning how to apply these mnemonics in real world. Method: This research applied focus groups consisting of three senior flight instructors and one aviation human factors specialist, to investigate how to apply the SHOR and DESIDE techniques in different types of decision-making scenarios. Results: The qualitative data suggested that SHOR was the best mnemonic in the recognition-primed decision making scenarios; DESIDE was the best mnemonic for the scenarios concerning non-diagnostic procedural decisions and creative problem-solving. Discussion: Pilots would apply SHOR in time-limited and urgent situations as a result of its concise, logical structure. They chose to use DESIDE when time was available...