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Research paper thumbnail of Hugh of Saint Victor’s Pedagogy

A Companion to the Abbey of Saint Victor in Paris

The authors trace the history of the abbey, but focuses on the canons’ life and ministry, theolog... more The authors trace the history of the abbey, but focuses on the canons’ life and ministry, theology, biblical exegesis during the twelfth century, concluding with an examination of reception of Victorine scholarship in the later Middle Ages.

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Research paper thumbnail of Praying and Believing in Early Christianity: The Interplay between Christian Worship and Doctrine. ByMaxwell E. Johnson.Collegeville, MN:Liturgical Press,2013. viii + 148 pages. $19.95 (paper)

Horizons, 2014

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Research paper thumbnail of Cyril of Jerusalem on Learning the Proper Type of Fear of God

Saving Fear in Christian Spirituality

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Research paper thumbnail of Praying and Believing in Early Christianity: The Interplay between Christian Worship and Doctrine. ByMaxwell E. Johnson.Collegeville, MN:Liturgical Press,2013. viii + 148 pages. $19.95 (paper)

Horizons, 2014

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Research paper thumbnail of Cyril of Jerusalem's Sacramental Theosis

Studia patristica 66: Vol XLVI, 2013

"While secondary literature has stated that Cyril of Jerusalem’s theology contains evidence of th... more "While secondary literature has stated that Cyril of Jerusalem’s theology contains evidence of theosis (making divine), demonstration of this concept within his catechetical
and mystagogical texts has not been explored in detail. By examining Cyril’s use of words within the semantic range of koinonia (communion, fellowship), his use of the verb theopoieo (to make divine, deifying), and how the individual is incorporated into
communion with both the divine Trinity and the church through the sacraments, I shall demonstrate that Cyril expressed a theology which is undergirded by a rich doctrine of theosis. Furthermore, this implicit doctrine of theosis is the hermeneutical key to
understanding the different rhetorical strategies that Cyril employed in his teachings on baptism and the Eucharist."

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Research paper thumbnail of Transmission Implications Regarding the Authorship of Cyril of Jerusalem’s Mystagogic Catecheses

The Use of Textual Criticism for the Interpretation of Patristic Texts: Seventeen Case Studies, Jan 2013

With the importance of the fourth century Jerusalem church in the development of the liturgy, hav... more With the importance of the fourth century Jerusalem church in the development of the liturgy, having a complete catecheses—both pre- and post-baptismal—from the same bishop is of great value to both theologians and liturgists, even if the works are from different times within the bishop’s life. The authorship of five post-baptismal catechetical lectures from late fourth century Jerusalem has been debated since the late sixteenth century for issues based in the manuscript tradition, the literary tradition, and the liturgical tradition. Recent scholarship does not adequately engage the codicological evidence and text critical issues concerning the sentence in the text from which the authorship issue arises. While an evaluation of text critical issues and the transmission history of the text will not conclusively resolve the authorship problem, this type of evaluation provides additional weight to both Alexis Doval’s cumulative argument for Cyril’s authorship as well as Auguste Piédagnel’s theory that John of Jerusalem was the redactor who produced what is proposed as the preferred text in the most recent critical edition. Based upon examination of what Piédagnel considers to be the most significant textual variations, especially in light of his characterization of the redactor, and the text critical issues in the authorial attribution portion of the first mystagogical lecture, I propose that a minor change in Piédagnel’s stemma provides a reasonable explanation for the mixed authorial attribution found in the manuscript tradition, i.e., John alone as author as well as Cyril and John as co-authors. From the organization of the texts within the codices containing the mystagogical lectures, I argue that those who copied and collated the texts perceived these mystagogical lectures along with the uncontested catechetical lectures as a unified pre- and post-baptismal catechesis from the Jerusalem church.

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Research paper thumbnail of Engaging in the Debates from the Periphery:  The Contributions of Neglected Oxford Movement Converts in the Infallibility Debates

From the Introduction: "Donna Reinhard considers the contributions made by Oxford Movement conve... more From the Introduction:

"Donna Reinhard considers the contributions made by Oxford Movement converts who are typically neglected in the standard narratives of papal infallibility debates. In this essay--a unique guide to little known converts--Reinhard not only considers the contributions of converts who wrote or were involved in publishing periodicals, but also those who influenced the infallibility debates through relationships, as confidants and correspondents. Of the sixteen people highlighted in this essay, two Cambridge men and two women are included as members of the broader Oxford Movment who influenced the infallibility debates during their Catholic years."

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Research paper thumbnail of Ephesians 6:10-18:  A Call to Personal Piety or Another Way of Describing Union with Christ?

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Research paper thumbnail of The Role of Christian Spirituality in 13th Century Interpretations of the Fall of Constantinople:  Relics and Icons as Interpretive Lenses

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Conference Presentations by Donna R Hawk-Reinhard

Research paper thumbnail of Does Your Ladder Have Four Rungs or Five?:  Lectio Divina at the Abbey of St. Victor and the Grand Chartreus Monastery

In contrast to the Scholastic way of reading Scripture with its emphasis upon cultivating curiosi... more In contrast to the Scholastic way of reading Scripture with its emphasis upon cultivating curiosity and intellectual clarity for the purpose of articulating speculative theology, the Victorines and Carthusians continued in the monastic tradition of reading Scripture for transformation of the reader. In this paper, I will explore similarities and differences between the instructed methods and goals in lectio divina as found in Hugh of St. Victor’s Didascalicon and Guigo II’s Ladder of the Monks. Of particular interest is the difference in the number of steps or “rungs” in divine reading that are detailed in these two instructive works. I will examine Hugh’s explicit instruction on a five-step movement of reading (reading, meditation, prayer, performance, and contemplation) with its emphasis upon embodiment of the reading through “performance” in view of his overarching pedagogical strategy, especially his sacramental framework that posits that the visible (moral life, i.e., performance) signifies and manifests the invisible (inner life, i.e., fruit of prayer). This Victorine five-part movement in the reading strategy of lectio divina was not included in the later four-rung Ladder of the Monks, even though scholars have asserted that Guigo II was influenced by Hugh’s Didascalicon.

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Research paper thumbnail of Systematic Theology Organized by Narrative:  Hugh of Saint-Victor’s and Bonaventure’s  Use of Redemptive History as Organizing Schema

Asking questions is foundational to thinking theologically; the organizing principle of a theolog... more Asking questions is foundational to thinking theologically; the organizing principle of a theologian’s systematic theology determines the types of questions and the relative importance of these questions. In this paper, I will explore how Hugh of Saint-Victor’s (c. 1096 – 1141) and Bonaventure’s (1221 – 1274) commitment to the redemptive-historical narrative of creation-fall-redemption-restoration as the schema for structuring their systematic (dogmatic) theology textbooks shapes the questions that these two theologians ask about the sacraments. Of these two works, the earlier text, Hugh of Saint-Victor’s De sacramentis christianae fide (1134), is considered to be unusual in that not only is this work the first comprehensive theological treatise (summa), but it also is organized by the redemptive-historical narrative rather than topically. Hugh states in his prologue to the text that this organizational schema was chosen for pedagogical reasons. Bonaventure, following Hugh’s innovative model, organized his Breviloquium (1257) around this same redemptive-historical narrative. This redemptive-historical schema sets the order and priority of questions about the sacraments: in particular, “why?” and “who?” come before “what?” and “how?” For both theologians, the question “why do we need sacraments?” is answered by the need of fallen man to return to God, the “who?” is the Triune God who created and redeems, especially as seen in the work of Christ. In this context, the question of “what is a sacrament?” is answered by Hugh in a way that, in the hands of Peter Lombard, provides the means for distinguishing the seven formal sacraments from sacramentals for the western church. For both Hugh and Bonaventure, the question of “how?” is answered by Christ’s sacrificial love. The use of this particular narrative relegates the question of “when?,” so prevalent in debates about the sacraments from the 13th century onward, to the least important question.

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Research paper thumbnail of Becoming Images of the Heavenly One:  The Role of the Holy Spirit in Irenaeus of Lyons' and Cyril of Jerusalem's Sacramental Theōsis.

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Research paper thumbnail of Cyril of Jerusalem's Sacramental Theosis

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Research paper thumbnail of Cyril of Jerusalem's Pedagogical Use of Paradise and Heaven

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Books by Donna R Hawk-Reinhard

Research paper thumbnail of Christian Identity Formation according to Cyril of Jerusalem

Studia patristica Supplements, 2020

This study is an exploration of how Cyril of Jerusalem constructed Christian identity for those w... more This study is an exploration of how Cyril of Jerusalem constructed Christian identity for those who were preparing to enter into full communion with the church at Easter. In order to include the full catechetical teachings of the fourth-century hagiopolite tradition, the study examined the history of liturgy arguments against Cyrillian authorship of the Mystagogic Catecheses and has found, based upon the most recent scholarship, no reason to date the text to after Cyril’s bishopric. Having also used codicological and textual critical analysis to support the claim of Cyrillian authorship, the study argues for a different preferred manuscript tradition than what is presented in the critical edition.
Since Cyril provided an identity-clarifying attribute for the new Christians to associate with each of the rites of initiation, the study looks at the scholarly literature regarding Cyril’s sacramental theology. Taking the Jerusalem catechetical writings as a pedagogical unit and examining it through word studies and flow-of-thought analysis, this study constructs a new model for Cyril’s sacramental theology based upon his doctrine of theosis, which has not been examined with sufficient academic rigor to date. It demonstrates that not only does Cyril have a fully-developed doctrine of theosis, but his expression of theosis is Trinitarian, sacramental, and inseparable from his ethical and identity forming teachings.

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Research paper thumbnail of Hugh of Saint Victor’s Pedagogy

A Companion to the Abbey of Saint Victor in Paris

The authors trace the history of the abbey, but focuses on the canons’ life and ministry, theolog... more The authors trace the history of the abbey, but focuses on the canons’ life and ministry, theology, biblical exegesis during the twelfth century, concluding with an examination of reception of Victorine scholarship in the later Middle Ages.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Praying and Believing in Early Christianity: The Interplay between Christian Worship and Doctrine. ByMaxwell E. Johnson.Collegeville, MN:Liturgical Press,2013. viii + 148 pages. $19.95 (paper)

Horizons, 2014

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Cyril of Jerusalem on Learning the Proper Type of Fear of God

Saving Fear in Christian Spirituality

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Praying and Believing in Early Christianity: The Interplay between Christian Worship and Doctrine. ByMaxwell E. Johnson.Collegeville, MN:Liturgical Press,2013. viii + 148 pages. $19.95 (paper)

Horizons, 2014

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Cyril of Jerusalem's Sacramental Theosis

Studia patristica 66: Vol XLVI, 2013

"While secondary literature has stated that Cyril of Jerusalem’s theology contains evidence of th... more "While secondary literature has stated that Cyril of Jerusalem’s theology contains evidence of theosis (making divine), demonstration of this concept within his catechetical
and mystagogical texts has not been explored in detail. By examining Cyril’s use of words within the semantic range of koinonia (communion, fellowship), his use of the verb theopoieo (to make divine, deifying), and how the individual is incorporated into
communion with both the divine Trinity and the church through the sacraments, I shall demonstrate that Cyril expressed a theology which is undergirded by a rich doctrine of theosis. Furthermore, this implicit doctrine of theosis is the hermeneutical key to
understanding the different rhetorical strategies that Cyril employed in his teachings on baptism and the Eucharist."

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Transmission Implications Regarding the Authorship of Cyril of Jerusalem’s Mystagogic Catecheses

The Use of Textual Criticism for the Interpretation of Patristic Texts: Seventeen Case Studies, Jan 2013

With the importance of the fourth century Jerusalem church in the development of the liturgy, hav... more With the importance of the fourth century Jerusalem church in the development of the liturgy, having a complete catecheses—both pre- and post-baptismal—from the same bishop is of great value to both theologians and liturgists, even if the works are from different times within the bishop’s life. The authorship of five post-baptismal catechetical lectures from late fourth century Jerusalem has been debated since the late sixteenth century for issues based in the manuscript tradition, the literary tradition, and the liturgical tradition. Recent scholarship does not adequately engage the codicological evidence and text critical issues concerning the sentence in the text from which the authorship issue arises. While an evaluation of text critical issues and the transmission history of the text will not conclusively resolve the authorship problem, this type of evaluation provides additional weight to both Alexis Doval’s cumulative argument for Cyril’s authorship as well as Auguste Piédagnel’s theory that John of Jerusalem was the redactor who produced what is proposed as the preferred text in the most recent critical edition. Based upon examination of what Piédagnel considers to be the most significant textual variations, especially in light of his characterization of the redactor, and the text critical issues in the authorial attribution portion of the first mystagogical lecture, I propose that a minor change in Piédagnel’s stemma provides a reasonable explanation for the mixed authorial attribution found in the manuscript tradition, i.e., John alone as author as well as Cyril and John as co-authors. From the organization of the texts within the codices containing the mystagogical lectures, I argue that those who copied and collated the texts perceived these mystagogical lectures along with the uncontested catechetical lectures as a unified pre- and post-baptismal catechesis from the Jerusalem church.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Engaging in the Debates from the Periphery:  The Contributions of Neglected Oxford Movement Converts in the Infallibility Debates

From the Introduction: "Donna Reinhard considers the contributions made by Oxford Movement conve... more From the Introduction:

"Donna Reinhard considers the contributions made by Oxford Movement converts who are typically neglected in the standard narratives of papal infallibility debates. In this essay--a unique guide to little known converts--Reinhard not only considers the contributions of converts who wrote or were involved in publishing periodicals, but also those who influenced the infallibility debates through relationships, as confidants and correspondents. Of the sixteen people highlighted in this essay, two Cambridge men and two women are included as members of the broader Oxford Movment who influenced the infallibility debates during their Catholic years."

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Ephesians 6:10-18:  A Call to Personal Piety or Another Way of Describing Union with Christ?

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of The Role of Christian Spirituality in 13th Century Interpretations of the Fall of Constantinople:  Relics and Icons as Interpretive Lenses

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Does Your Ladder Have Four Rungs or Five?:  Lectio Divina at the Abbey of St. Victor and the Grand Chartreus Monastery

In contrast to the Scholastic way of reading Scripture with its emphasis upon cultivating curiosi... more In contrast to the Scholastic way of reading Scripture with its emphasis upon cultivating curiosity and intellectual clarity for the purpose of articulating speculative theology, the Victorines and Carthusians continued in the monastic tradition of reading Scripture for transformation of the reader. In this paper, I will explore similarities and differences between the instructed methods and goals in lectio divina as found in Hugh of St. Victor’s Didascalicon and Guigo II’s Ladder of the Monks. Of particular interest is the difference in the number of steps or “rungs” in divine reading that are detailed in these two instructive works. I will examine Hugh’s explicit instruction on a five-step movement of reading (reading, meditation, prayer, performance, and contemplation) with its emphasis upon embodiment of the reading through “performance” in view of his overarching pedagogical strategy, especially his sacramental framework that posits that the visible (moral life, i.e., performance) signifies and manifests the invisible (inner life, i.e., fruit of prayer). This Victorine five-part movement in the reading strategy of lectio divina was not included in the later four-rung Ladder of the Monks, even though scholars have asserted that Guigo II was influenced by Hugh’s Didascalicon.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Systematic Theology Organized by Narrative:  Hugh of Saint-Victor’s and Bonaventure’s  Use of Redemptive History as Organizing Schema

Asking questions is foundational to thinking theologically; the organizing principle of a theolog... more Asking questions is foundational to thinking theologically; the organizing principle of a theologian’s systematic theology determines the types of questions and the relative importance of these questions. In this paper, I will explore how Hugh of Saint-Victor’s (c. 1096 – 1141) and Bonaventure’s (1221 – 1274) commitment to the redemptive-historical narrative of creation-fall-redemption-restoration as the schema for structuring their systematic (dogmatic) theology textbooks shapes the questions that these two theologians ask about the sacraments. Of these two works, the earlier text, Hugh of Saint-Victor’s De sacramentis christianae fide (1134), is considered to be unusual in that not only is this work the first comprehensive theological treatise (summa), but it also is organized by the redemptive-historical narrative rather than topically. Hugh states in his prologue to the text that this organizational schema was chosen for pedagogical reasons. Bonaventure, following Hugh’s innovative model, organized his Breviloquium (1257) around this same redemptive-historical narrative. This redemptive-historical schema sets the order and priority of questions about the sacraments: in particular, “why?” and “who?” come before “what?” and “how?” For both theologians, the question “why do we need sacraments?” is answered by the need of fallen man to return to God, the “who?” is the Triune God who created and redeems, especially as seen in the work of Christ. In this context, the question of “what is a sacrament?” is answered by Hugh in a way that, in the hands of Peter Lombard, provides the means for distinguishing the seven formal sacraments from sacramentals for the western church. For both Hugh and Bonaventure, the question of “how?” is answered by Christ’s sacrificial love. The use of this particular narrative relegates the question of “when?,” so prevalent in debates about the sacraments from the 13th century onward, to the least important question.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Becoming Images of the Heavenly One:  The Role of the Holy Spirit in Irenaeus of Lyons' and Cyril of Jerusalem's Sacramental Theōsis.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Cyril of Jerusalem's Sacramental Theosis

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Cyril of Jerusalem's Pedagogical Use of Paradise and Heaven

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Christian Identity Formation according to Cyril of Jerusalem

Studia patristica Supplements, 2020

This study is an exploration of how Cyril of Jerusalem constructed Christian identity for those w... more This study is an exploration of how Cyril of Jerusalem constructed Christian identity for those who were preparing to enter into full communion with the church at Easter. In order to include the full catechetical teachings of the fourth-century hagiopolite tradition, the study examined the history of liturgy arguments against Cyrillian authorship of the Mystagogic Catecheses and has found, based upon the most recent scholarship, no reason to date the text to after Cyril’s bishopric. Having also used codicological and textual critical analysis to support the claim of Cyrillian authorship, the study argues for a different preferred manuscript tradition than what is presented in the critical edition.
Since Cyril provided an identity-clarifying attribute for the new Christians to associate with each of the rites of initiation, the study looks at the scholarly literature regarding Cyril’s sacramental theology. Taking the Jerusalem catechetical writings as a pedagogical unit and examining it through word studies and flow-of-thought analysis, this study constructs a new model for Cyril’s sacramental theology based upon his doctrine of theosis, which has not been examined with sufficient academic rigor to date. It demonstrates that not only does Cyril have a fully-developed doctrine of theosis, but his expression of theosis is Trinitarian, sacramental, and inseparable from his ethical and identity forming teachings.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact