Eric Douville - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Eric Douville

AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, Dec 1, 2009

The elemental and isotopic compositions of coral exoskeletons provide valuable tools in paleocean... more The elemental and isotopic compositions of coral exoskeletons provide valuable tools in paleoceanography. However, the chemical heterogeneities observed at micron and nanometer size scales suggest that coral physiology imprints a``vital effect''upon different structural regions, which potentially complicates and distorts their interpretations and hence paleoceanographic reconstructions. We are investigating the use of lithium and magnesium to discriminate environmental signatures from physiological effects. Li and Mg show ...

Science of The Total Environment, 2015

The first record of urban speleothems used to reconstruct the history of heavy metal pollution of... more The first record of urban speleothems used to reconstruct the history of heavy metal pollution of shallow groundwaters is presented. Two speleothems grew during the last 300years in an underground aqueduct in the north-eastern part of Paris. They display high Pb, Mn V, Cu, Cd and Al concentrations since 1900 due to the urbanization of the site which triggered anthropogenic contamination of the water feeding the speleothems. Surprisingly, these heavy metal concentrations are also high in the oldest part. This early pollution could come from the use of Parisian waste as fertilizers in the orchards and vineyards cultivated above the aqueduct before urbanization. Lead isotopes were measured in these carbonates as well as in lead artifacts from the 17th-18th centuries ((206)Pb/(207)Pb=1.180+/-0.003). The mean (206)Pb/(207)Pb ratio, for one of the speleothems is 1.181+/-0.003 unvarying with time. These lead signatures are close to those of coal and old lead from northern European mines, lower than the natural background signature. It confirms that the high metal concentrations found come from anthropogenic pollution. Conversely, the lead isotopic composition of the second speleothem presents two temporal trends: for the oldest levels, the mean value (1.183+/-0.003) is similar to the first speleothem. For the youngest part, a lower value (1.172+/-0.005) is recorded, evidencing the contribution of a new lead source at the beginning of the industrial revolution. Pb isotopes were also measured in recent samples from a nearby superficial site. The first sample is a recent (AD 1975+/-15years) deposit ((206)Pb/(207)Pb=1.148+/-0.003), and the second, a thin subactual layer ((206)Pb/(207)Pb=1.181+/-0.002). These data are compatible with the adding of anthropogenic sources (leaded gasoline and industrial lead from Rio Tinto ore).

Here we present a largely simplified analytical separation technique for U from marin carbonates ... more Here we present a largely simplified analytical separation technique for U from marin carbonates and sediments and U isotopic measurements obtained by inductively coupled plasma-source quadrupole mass spectrometer (ICP-QMS) Xseries II - Thermo Scientific. The separation of U is done from dissolved carbonates and sediments using a single ion exchange column packed with ~500 mug of UTEVA resin from EICHROM industries. The column is pre-cleaned and loaded by several rinses of MilliQ water and 3N HNO3. Then earth alkali, transition metals and lanthanides are eluted quantitatively using 3N HNO3. Pure Th and U solutions are then successively extracted from the column using 3N HCl and 1N HCl at ~100% yield. U solutions at ~25-50 ppb were injected into the ICP-QMS at conventional sample flow rates of approximately 1ml/minute, without particular injection systems such as a desolvator or mu - nebuliser. 30 scans with 180 sweeps and a dwell time of 50 ms per isotope were used to collect 233U, 234U, 235U and 236U on an electron multiplier. Baseline sensitivity was followed on mass 228 with <1cps at ~ 1000cps on mass 234. Then, mass discrimination was corrected using the 233U/236U spike of known isotopic ratio and HU1 reference solutions were used to test the reproducibility and to correct drifts using standard - sample bracketing. Overall ICPMS analyses yield a stunning reproducibility of <0.4 % at 2 sigma, which is close to the one obtained by conventional TIMS instruments ~0.2-0.4 %. We have applied this technique to organic rich sediments and marine carbonate samples previously measured by TIMS and found a perfect agreement for both U concentration and its isotopic composition. This rapid and effective chemical purification and isotopic measurement of U allows to process more than 20 samples a day allowing to investigate large numbers of natural samples for weathering, tracer and geochronological studies.

An ICPMS quantitative analysis of Ca, Mg, Ba, Sr, U, Mn, Y and 14 Rare Earth Elements (REE) has b... more An ICPMS quantitative analysis of Ca, Mg, Ba, Sr, U, Mn, Y and 14 Rare Earth Elements (REE) has been performed on a speleothem from the Chauvet cave (south-east of France). The Chau-stm-6 stalagmite that grew from 33 ky to 11.5 ky before present had been previously dated by U-Th series method and the published d13C and d18O profile is

ABSTRACT A multi-elemental study focusing on earth-alkalis (Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba), uranium and rare-... more ABSTRACT A multi-elemental study focusing on earth-alkalis (Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba), uranium and rare-earth elements (REE) in the calcite of a stalagmite from the Chauvet Cave (SE of France) has been achieved by ICP-MS. The Chau-stm6 stalagmite which grew from 33 to 11.5 ky had already been dated and the published d13C and d18O profile is used as a paleoclimatic benchmark. Ba and Sr profiles show an abrupt concentration increase at the beginning of the last deglaciation whereas U and Mg feature a decreasing trend. REY (REE+yttrium) concentrations decrease markedly during early deglaciation (between 15 and 14.5 ky). The transition corresponds to a change from a slow to a fast growth rate. These variations can be explained by the crystallographic control of ionic radii of the minor elements: incorporation of small ions compared to Ca such as U, Mg, heavy REE are favoured during slow growth period (i.e. glacial) whereas large ions such as Ba, Sr and light REE are preferentially precipitated during fast growth period (i.e. Bolling-Allerod). This crystallographic effect seems to be dominant here because the soil above the cave is sparse. And may not have played a major role on the opposite to the water-limestone interaction.

Many surface or diving cruises have been conducted in the last few years, as part of the French-A... more Many surface or diving cruises have been conducted in the last few years, as part of the French-American Ridge Atlantic (FARA) project, to study geochemical ridge crest processes along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR), between the 15°20'N Fracture Zone and the Azores Triple Junction (ATJ). These cruises were guided by bathymetric maps obtained during cruise SIGMA (Needham et al., 1992). During these cruises, CH4 was used, in connection with other physical (temperature, nephelometry) or chemical (Mn, helium) tracers, to determine the hydrothermally active segments, and to survey in detail the hydrothermal plume within an active segment or within focused areas. This paper reviews recent findings of hydrothermal activity and hot fluid chemistry in contrasting types of hydrothermal systems along the 15°- 41"N section of the MAR. Methane degassing is related to the nature of seawater-rock interaction, including interactions in hydrothermal systems hosted primarily in basaltic rocks ...

Quaternary Science Reviews, 2015

The paleo-pH-delta^{11}B technique was applied to modern (1950) and ancient Porites sampled from ... more The paleo-pH-delta^{11}B technique was applied to modern (1950) and ancient Porites sampled from Tahiti (Moorea) and Marquesas Islands in the (sub-Equatorial) Central Pacific Ocean in order to analyze possible past changes of Ocean acidification and past evolution of the Delta pCO2 (pCO2 Atm.- Ocean). The MC-ICP-MS delta^{11}B measurements have an internal reproducibility of 0.1 0/00 (n = 22, NBS 981,

AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, Dec 1, 2009

The elemental and isotopic compositions of coral exoskeletons provide valuable tools in paleocean... more The elemental and isotopic compositions of coral exoskeletons provide valuable tools in paleoceanography. However, the chemical heterogeneities observed at micron and nanometer size scales suggest that coral physiology imprints a``vital effect''upon different structural regions, which potentially complicates and distorts their interpretations and hence paleoceanographic reconstructions. We are investigating the use of lithium and magnesium to discriminate environmental signatures from physiological effects. Li and Mg show ...

Science of The Total Environment, 2015

The first record of urban speleothems used to reconstruct the history of heavy metal pollution of... more The first record of urban speleothems used to reconstruct the history of heavy metal pollution of shallow groundwaters is presented. Two speleothems grew during the last 300years in an underground aqueduct in the north-eastern part of Paris. They display high Pb, Mn V, Cu, Cd and Al concentrations since 1900 due to the urbanization of the site which triggered anthropogenic contamination of the water feeding the speleothems. Surprisingly, these heavy metal concentrations are also high in the oldest part. This early pollution could come from the use of Parisian waste as fertilizers in the orchards and vineyards cultivated above the aqueduct before urbanization. Lead isotopes were measured in these carbonates as well as in lead artifacts from the 17th-18th centuries ((206)Pb/(207)Pb=1.180+/-0.003). The mean (206)Pb/(207)Pb ratio, for one of the speleothems is 1.181+/-0.003 unvarying with time. These lead signatures are close to those of coal and old lead from northern European mines, lower than the natural background signature. It confirms that the high metal concentrations found come from anthropogenic pollution. Conversely, the lead isotopic composition of the second speleothem presents two temporal trends: for the oldest levels, the mean value (1.183+/-0.003) is similar to the first speleothem. For the youngest part, a lower value (1.172+/-0.005) is recorded, evidencing the contribution of a new lead source at the beginning of the industrial revolution. Pb isotopes were also measured in recent samples from a nearby superficial site. The first sample is a recent (AD 1975+/-15years) deposit ((206)Pb/(207)Pb=1.148+/-0.003), and the second, a thin subactual layer ((206)Pb/(207)Pb=1.181+/-0.002). These data are compatible with the adding of anthropogenic sources (leaded gasoline and industrial lead from Rio Tinto ore).

Here we present a largely simplified analytical separation technique for U from marin carbonates ... more Here we present a largely simplified analytical separation technique for U from marin carbonates and sediments and U isotopic measurements obtained by inductively coupled plasma-source quadrupole mass spectrometer (ICP-QMS) Xseries II - Thermo Scientific. The separation of U is done from dissolved carbonates and sediments using a single ion exchange column packed with ~500 mug of UTEVA resin from EICHROM industries. The column is pre-cleaned and loaded by several rinses of MilliQ water and 3N HNO3. Then earth alkali, transition metals and lanthanides are eluted quantitatively using 3N HNO3. Pure Th and U solutions are then successively extracted from the column using 3N HCl and 1N HCl at ~100% yield. U solutions at ~25-50 ppb were injected into the ICP-QMS at conventional sample flow rates of approximately 1ml/minute, without particular injection systems such as a desolvator or mu - nebuliser. 30 scans with 180 sweeps and a dwell time of 50 ms per isotope were used to collect 233U, 234U, 235U and 236U on an electron multiplier. Baseline sensitivity was followed on mass 228 with <1cps at ~ 1000cps on mass 234. Then, mass discrimination was corrected using the 233U/236U spike of known isotopic ratio and HU1 reference solutions were used to test the reproducibility and to correct drifts using standard - sample bracketing. Overall ICPMS analyses yield a stunning reproducibility of <0.4 % at 2 sigma, which is close to the one obtained by conventional TIMS instruments ~0.2-0.4 %. We have applied this technique to organic rich sediments and marine carbonate samples previously measured by TIMS and found a perfect agreement for both U concentration and its isotopic composition. This rapid and effective chemical purification and isotopic measurement of U allows to process more than 20 samples a day allowing to investigate large numbers of natural samples for weathering, tracer and geochronological studies.

An ICPMS quantitative analysis of Ca, Mg, Ba, Sr, U, Mn, Y and 14 Rare Earth Elements (REE) has b... more An ICPMS quantitative analysis of Ca, Mg, Ba, Sr, U, Mn, Y and 14 Rare Earth Elements (REE) has been performed on a speleothem from the Chauvet cave (south-east of France). The Chau-stm-6 stalagmite that grew from 33 ky to 11.5 ky before present had been previously dated by U-Th series method and the published d13C and d18O profile is

ABSTRACT A multi-elemental study focusing on earth-alkalis (Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba), uranium and rare-... more ABSTRACT A multi-elemental study focusing on earth-alkalis (Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba), uranium and rare-earth elements (REE) in the calcite of a stalagmite from the Chauvet Cave (SE of France) has been achieved by ICP-MS. The Chau-stm6 stalagmite which grew from 33 to 11.5 ky had already been dated and the published d13C and d18O profile is used as a paleoclimatic benchmark. Ba and Sr profiles show an abrupt concentration increase at the beginning of the last deglaciation whereas U and Mg feature a decreasing trend. REY (REE+yttrium) concentrations decrease markedly during early deglaciation (between 15 and 14.5 ky). The transition corresponds to a change from a slow to a fast growth rate. These variations can be explained by the crystallographic control of ionic radii of the minor elements: incorporation of small ions compared to Ca such as U, Mg, heavy REE are favoured during slow growth period (i.e. glacial) whereas large ions such as Ba, Sr and light REE are preferentially precipitated during fast growth period (i.e. Bolling-Allerod). This crystallographic effect seems to be dominant here because the soil above the cave is sparse. And may not have played a major role on the opposite to the water-limestone interaction.

Many surface or diving cruises have been conducted in the last few years, as part of the French-A... more Many surface or diving cruises have been conducted in the last few years, as part of the French-American Ridge Atlantic (FARA) project, to study geochemical ridge crest processes along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR), between the 15°20'N Fracture Zone and the Azores Triple Junction (ATJ). These cruises were guided by bathymetric maps obtained during cruise SIGMA (Needham et al., 1992). During these cruises, CH4 was used, in connection with other physical (temperature, nephelometry) or chemical (Mn, helium) tracers, to determine the hydrothermally active segments, and to survey in detail the hydrothermal plume within an active segment or within focused areas. This paper reviews recent findings of hydrothermal activity and hot fluid chemistry in contrasting types of hydrothermal systems along the 15°- 41"N section of the MAR. Methane degassing is related to the nature of seawater-rock interaction, including interactions in hydrothermal systems hosted primarily in basaltic rocks ...

Quaternary Science Reviews, 2015

The paleo-pH-delta^{11}B technique was applied to modern (1950) and ancient Porites sampled from ... more The paleo-pH-delta^{11}B technique was applied to modern (1950) and ancient Porites sampled from Tahiti (Moorea) and Marquesas Islands in the (sub-Equatorial) Central Pacific Ocean in order to analyze possible past changes of Ocean acidification and past evolution of the Delta pCO2 (pCO2 Atm.- Ocean). The MC-ICP-MS delta^{11}B measurements have an internal reproducibility of 0.1 0/00 (n = 22, NBS 981,