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Papers by Dr. Arshad Ayub

Indian Journal of Community Health, Jun 30, 2021

Introduction Methodology Results Conclusion References Citation Tables / Figures

Indian Journal of Community Health, Mar 31, 2020

Introduction Methodology Results Conclusion References Citation Tables / Figures

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, Nov 25, 2020

Background: Antenatal care (ANC) is an opportunity to encourage a positive pregnancy experience a... more Background: Antenatal care (ANC) is an opportunity to encourage a positive pregnancy experience and improved maternal and child survival. Care in the antenatal period is also essential for supporting the long-term growth and development of the child. ANC visits are vital for providing counselling to mothers about the care they should take during pregnancy and in preparation for childbirth. The principal objective of the study was to evaluate the utilization of antenatal care services in rural population of North India. Methods: The present community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 mothers over a period of Eight months. A semi structured, pre-tested questionnaire was used for data collection, the statistical data was recorded and analysed using by the SPSS Software. Results: In present study all the pregnancies had ANC registration and 20.5% of them had ≥4 ANC visits. 91% of the mothers received Iron and Folic Acid supplementation while 95% of mothers immunized with adequate dose of Tetanus Toxoid. With regards to the type of delivery 87.5% were normal vaginal deliveries and 75.5% were occurred at health facility. The length of stay in the hospital was less than 2 days in 55% of deliveries and 52% of the mothers received cash assistance for institutional delivery by the government under Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) scheme. Conclusions: The present study showed low utilization of full antenatal care services and JSY Scheme among the mothers. There is need to educate and council the mother and their family by health personnel regarding significance of utilization of antenatal services.

Journal of family medicine and primary care, 2021

Objective: Covid19 has emerged as a greatest threat of the decade worldwide. At present there is ... more Objective: Covid19 has emerged as a greatest threat of the decade worldwide. At present there is no certain treatment for treating coronavirus diseases, while some antiviral drugs (Remdesivir , Lopinavir and Ritonavir) are under investigation. Many countries including India have adopted the convalescent plasma therapy in the treatment of moderate to severely ill patients. Despite the treatment being given ,there are no such evidences on the utility and efficacy of convalescent plasma.Hence this study tries to find out the impact on the discharge status from hospital of the patients receiving the very therapy. Design: Systematic review and meta analysis. Setting: An extensive search was made, following PRISMA guidelines on online databases such as Pubmed, Google scholar and Science direct.Studies those fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria ,were included and reviewed and analyzed for a common outcome(discharge status). Participants: A total of 6 eligible studies were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively which included three case control, two case series and one case report. Results: The overall pooled discharge rate from the above studies was 75.7% after the CP therapy. When analyzed for relative risk , it showed CP therapy having a lower risk of staying in hospital (not getting discharged) when compared to Standard therapy ,overall RR (relative risk) being 0.946. Conclusion: Our study shows that there is always a higher rate of discharge and low risk of prolonged hospital stay in those patients who receive plasma therapy. CP therapy being a low cost and easy to administer therapy with very less adverse events, requires more focus on further research as it has a potential to become an ideal effective treatment option for COVID-19.

Journal of family medicine and primary care, 2019

Introduction: Immunization is one of the most cost-effective measures in public health to date, p... more Introduction: Immunization is one of the most cost-effective measures in public health to date, preventing at an approximately 2 to 3 million fatalities in young children every year. As per recent World Health Organisation (WHO) bulletin, these lifesaving vaccines have been successfully averted around 20 million premature deaths and 500 million disease cases. Inspite of this progress the routine vaccine coverage is slow to rise as challenges still live for the underserved, inaccessible and vulnerable children. It is therefore essential to evaluate the coverage of immunization at periodic intervals and to take the required measures to enhance the vaccination status in the State Bihar. Aims and Objective: This study aims to find out the vaccination coverage in different Blocks of study area. Material and Methods: The study was community based cross sectional study which was conducted between January to March 2019 in the selected villages of 59 low performing blocks of Bihar. The study subjects were all the children aged 12-23 month old from selected low performing blocks of the Bihar. Results-Corrected FIC of the study was 90.85%. Close to nine percent (8.8%) children thou have started vaccination could not able to complete it. Rest of the beneficiaries are completely left out. The most common reason for incomplete immunization was unavailability of child on the day of vaccination followed by sickness of the child. Conclusion: The overall Immunization coverage of Bihar is less than the National Immunization coverage as per NFHS-4. This study shows higher rate of immunization as far as Corrected Immunization Coverage is concerned.

Journal of Education and Health Promotion

International journal of health sciences

Background: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is growing rapidly worldwide and is reaching epid... more Background: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is growing rapidly worldwide and is reaching epidemic proportions. Epidemiological data indicate that all nations, rich and poor, are suffering from the impact of the diabetes epidemic. Effective care of diabetes with pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods is required, but it is impossible to control diabetes and its complications, as well as mortality, without strong compliance or adherence to therapy. Aims & Objectives to study the compliance rate of the patients with type 1 & 2 diabetes to the prescribed medications and to find out its association with different socio-demographic factors and other patient characteristics affecting compliance. Methodology: A cross sectional observational study was done using a pre-designed, semi-structured, and pre-tested questionnaire. Patients' clinical and socio-demographic data, were obtained. The Morisky medication adherence scale (MMAS-8) was used to assess adherence to prescribed ...

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care

Indian Journal of Community Health

Background: There are sufficient evidences on the association of epidemiological and clinical fea... more Background: There are sufficient evidences on the association of epidemiological and clinical features of the patients with COVID-19 but still there are paucity of evidences on socio-economic aspects of this disease. An ecological study has been carried out with aim to assess the associations of the Human Development Index (HDI) and its components of each states and Union territories in India with incidence and mortality from COVID-19. Methods: Information on confirmed cases and deaths have been extracted from the data on the website of Covid India Organization and the data on HDI and its components have been extracted from various national and international agencies. Regression analysis was performed which showed a direct significant association (p-values<0.05) of incidence and mortality rates with HDI and its components at the national level. Concentration index was estimated to measure socio-economic inequality in COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates with 95% confidence inte...

Indian Journal of Community Health, 2021

Background: A significant proportion of the individuals having the illness of moderate to severe ... more Background: A significant proportion of the individuals having the illness of moderate to severe nature due to COVID-19 infection require immediate critical care. High incidence of mortality among elderly population or those with comorbid conditions were reported. Objectives: The study was carried out with objectives to assess the epidemiological and clinical factors associated with mortality among the COVID-19 cases admitted and treated in AIIMS, Patna. Methods: This was a hospital -based cross-sectional analytical study of epidemiological and clinical features of COVID-19-positive patients admitted and treated during the outbreak from March 20, to August 31, 2020. Results: The median age of COVID-19 cases was 51.5 years (IQR : 37-62 years) which was significantly higher (p-value = 0.001) as compared to females. Male-female ratio of cases was 2.88:1. Out of 1696 cases, the case fatality rate was 309 (18.22%). The mean age of cases who died due to COVID-19 was significantly higher (...

Background: As per census 2011, India’s population is touching 1.21 billion with Total Fertility ... more Background: As per census 2011, India’s population is touching 1.21 billion with Total Fertility Rate(TFR) of 1.8 for urban and 2.4 for rural area, India still strives for demographic transition from late expandingstage to low stationary. IUCD, one of the effective methods of contraception uptake is dismally low as suggested by NFHS-4 data. Objective: The present study was planned to document the quality- basedassessment of IUCD insertion facility and availability of trained service providers across the country using District Level Health Survey IV (DLHS- IV) data. Material and Methods: The DLHS-4 facility level datawas used for the analysis. The outcome measures assessed was status of training, availability of autoclave,IUCD insertion kit, instrument trolley, SIMS speculum, examination table, privacy, and status of recordmaintenance. The proportions and 95% confidence intervals (CI), were presented wherever appropriate. Result: At sub centre, IUCD insertion kit and other equipment ...

Introduction- Prescription is an important order which is given by the doctor to their patients. ... more Introduction- Prescription is an important order which is given by the doctor to their patients. For the maximum benefit of the patients the prescription order should be according to the predefined pattern. Prescribing errors are very common in clinical practice, which may cause harm to the patient rather than benefit. To reduce the prescription error and promote rational prescribing, continuous monitoring of prescription in the form of prescription audit is required. Objective- To audit the prescriptions from different OPD (Out Patient Department) in a Tertiary care teaching hospital, Patna, for its legibility and completeness. Methodology-It is descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in Out Patients Department of Tertiary care teaching hospital, Patna from 10th June 2019 to 20th July 2019. In this study Non probability purposive sampling to ensure maximum variability. Results- In this maximum number of prescriptions collected from Medicine department (21.5%). The average num...

Rapid urbanization and migration of people for job opportunities and better living conditions to ... more Rapid urbanization and migration of people for job opportunities and better living conditions to urban areas, has led to the growth of slums; around 3.72% (163,983) of the population of Odisha live in slums. Almost half of them are females (77,657) and 21,930 are children less than six years old. Majority of them (38,362) are from tribal areas and belong to low socio-economic income group. The capital city, Bhubaneswar, has 30% of the population living in slums with a tremendous growth (78%) in the last decade. The compromised living condition and prevailing poverty compel the females to work outside for sustaining and catering to the needs of the family. According to the Washington post, two-thirds of the people surveyed had said that “although it may be necessary for a mother to work, it would be better for her family if she could stay home and care for the house and children”. The condition in India is no different, although there occurs the need of employment, still people and e...

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care

Indian Journal of Community Health

Background: The services provided in an ICTC help in awareness about HIV and help the clients to ... more Background: The services provided in an ICTC help in awareness about HIV and help the clients to undergo HIV test in a comfortable and confidential environment. Periodical evaluation of counseling, testing, and referral services is mandatory to find out any existing deficits and barriers of all functions of ICTCs. Objectives: To study the socio-demographic profile of ICTC attendees and to find out sero-positivity of these clients. Methods: The present study was carried out among ICTC attendees in the ICTC unit, at All India Institute of Medical Sciences of Patna district. A retrospective collection of data from available records of all clients who attended ICTC of our hospital between January 2019 and December 2019 was carried out after approval from institutional research and ethics committee. Results: A total of 28876 clients were tested during January-December 2019 and among them all (100%) of tests were provider initiated. Out of the total attendees, 223 (0.77%) were found to be...

International Journal of Advanced Research

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic known as COVID 19 has placed an overwhelming burden on health systems and... more The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic known as COVID 19 has placed an overwhelming burden on health systems and authorities to respond with effective and appropriate interventions, policies and message. , it is important for doctors working with the population to have adequate knowledge related to SARS-CoV-2 pandemic which should be of great help in dealing with the emerging situation. This survey was aimed to find out the level of knowledge related to SARS-Cov-2 among doctors, interns and medical undergraduate students with particular emphasis on Bihar. Objectives : to assess the basic knowledge among doctors, interns and undergraduate students that is needed for the prevention and treatment of the COVID19 disease and to find out any differences in their knowledge with associated factors. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey among doctors and undergraduate medical students was conducted during the first COVID-19 wave using a validated self-administered questionnaire of 14 items, sent to doctors...

Indian Journal of Community Health

Novel Coronavirus Outbreak (COVID-19) was declared as a pandemic on 11th March 2020 by World Heal... more Novel Coronavirus Outbreak (COVID-19) was declared as a pandemic on 11th March 2020 by World Health Organization (WHO). This was a call for immediate action to be taken on by all countries in terms of stepping up treatment, detection, and reduction of transmission. A total of 26472012 confirmed cases with over 873229 deaths were reported as on 4th September 2020 worldwide. (1) Government of India, initiated various Non-Pharmaceutical Intervention (NPI) to break the chain of transmission and prevent the spread of COVID-19, which included social distancing, and restricted public mobility like lockdown. The largest COVID-19 national lockdown in India started on 25th march 2020. Still, India’s population of 1·3 billion across diverse states, health inequalities, widening economic and social disparities, and distinct cultural values present unique challenges.(2) Meanwhile nationwide lockdown was extended till 31st may 2020 by Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India (Lockdown 4.0)....

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health

Background: Antenatal care (ANC) is an opportunity to encourage a positive pregnancy experience a... more Background: Antenatal care (ANC) is an opportunity to encourage a positive pregnancy experience and improved maternal and child survival. Care in the antenatal period is also essential for supporting the long-term growth and development of the child. ANC visits are vital for providing counselling to mothers about the care they should take during pregnancy and in preparation for childbirth. The principal objective of the study was to evaluate the utilization of antenatal care services in rural population of North India.Methods: The present community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 mothers over a period of Eight months. A semi structured, pre-tested questionnaire was used for data collection, the statistical data was recorded and analysed using by the SPSS Software.Results: In present study all the pregnancies had ANC registration and 20.5% of them had ≥4 ANC visits. 91% of the mothers received Iron and Folic Acid supplementation while 95% of mothers immunized with...

Indian Journal of Community Health

Background: Routine childhood immunization has proven to be among the most practical and most cos... more Background: Routine childhood immunization has proven to be among the most practical and most cost-effective health interventions. The full immunization coverage (FIC) has increased, still it is less. Especially in the low performing blocks of Bihar ,it is less than 70 %.There are various factors responsible for less FIC including gender discrimination also which is still hidden in the society. Hence this study was done to find out the FIC in Bihar with associated factors including gender discrimination. Objectives: To find out the various associated factors affecting FIC and to find out gender discrimination (if any) in FIC in different districts of Bihar. Methodology: Two stage cluster sampling with Probability Proportional to size Sampling (PPS) was used as per Study protocol. The study was conducted in 59 low- performing blocks of Bihar where the full immunization coverage was less than 70%. The survey was conducted in 59 blocks. From each block, 30 clusters (Villages) were sel...

Indian Journal of Community Health, Jun 30, 2021

Introduction Methodology Results Conclusion References Citation Tables / Figures

Indian Journal of Community Health, Mar 31, 2020

Introduction Methodology Results Conclusion References Citation Tables / Figures

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, Nov 25, 2020

Background: Antenatal care (ANC) is an opportunity to encourage a positive pregnancy experience a... more Background: Antenatal care (ANC) is an opportunity to encourage a positive pregnancy experience and improved maternal and child survival. Care in the antenatal period is also essential for supporting the long-term growth and development of the child. ANC visits are vital for providing counselling to mothers about the care they should take during pregnancy and in preparation for childbirth. The principal objective of the study was to evaluate the utilization of antenatal care services in rural population of North India. Methods: The present community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 mothers over a period of Eight months. A semi structured, pre-tested questionnaire was used for data collection, the statistical data was recorded and analysed using by the SPSS Software. Results: In present study all the pregnancies had ANC registration and 20.5% of them had ≥4 ANC visits. 91% of the mothers received Iron and Folic Acid supplementation while 95% of mothers immunized with adequate dose of Tetanus Toxoid. With regards to the type of delivery 87.5% were normal vaginal deliveries and 75.5% were occurred at health facility. The length of stay in the hospital was less than 2 days in 55% of deliveries and 52% of the mothers received cash assistance for institutional delivery by the government under Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) scheme. Conclusions: The present study showed low utilization of full antenatal care services and JSY Scheme among the mothers. There is need to educate and council the mother and their family by health personnel regarding significance of utilization of antenatal services.

Journal of family medicine and primary care, 2021

Objective: Covid19 has emerged as a greatest threat of the decade worldwide. At present there is ... more Objective: Covid19 has emerged as a greatest threat of the decade worldwide. At present there is no certain treatment for treating coronavirus diseases, while some antiviral drugs (Remdesivir , Lopinavir and Ritonavir) are under investigation. Many countries including India have adopted the convalescent plasma therapy in the treatment of moderate to severely ill patients. Despite the treatment being given ,there are no such evidences on the utility and efficacy of convalescent plasma.Hence this study tries to find out the impact on the discharge status from hospital of the patients receiving the very therapy. Design: Systematic review and meta analysis. Setting: An extensive search was made, following PRISMA guidelines on online databases such as Pubmed, Google scholar and Science direct.Studies those fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria ,were included and reviewed and analyzed for a common outcome(discharge status). Participants: A total of 6 eligible studies were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively which included three case control, two case series and one case report. Results: The overall pooled discharge rate from the above studies was 75.7% after the CP therapy. When analyzed for relative risk , it showed CP therapy having a lower risk of staying in hospital (not getting discharged) when compared to Standard therapy ,overall RR (relative risk) being 0.946. Conclusion: Our study shows that there is always a higher rate of discharge and low risk of prolonged hospital stay in those patients who receive plasma therapy. CP therapy being a low cost and easy to administer therapy with very less adverse events, requires more focus on further research as it has a potential to become an ideal effective treatment option for COVID-19.

Journal of family medicine and primary care, 2019

Introduction: Immunization is one of the most cost-effective measures in public health to date, p... more Introduction: Immunization is one of the most cost-effective measures in public health to date, preventing at an approximately 2 to 3 million fatalities in young children every year. As per recent World Health Organisation (WHO) bulletin, these lifesaving vaccines have been successfully averted around 20 million premature deaths and 500 million disease cases. Inspite of this progress the routine vaccine coverage is slow to rise as challenges still live for the underserved, inaccessible and vulnerable children. It is therefore essential to evaluate the coverage of immunization at periodic intervals and to take the required measures to enhance the vaccination status in the State Bihar. Aims and Objective: This study aims to find out the vaccination coverage in different Blocks of study area. Material and Methods: The study was community based cross sectional study which was conducted between January to March 2019 in the selected villages of 59 low performing blocks of Bihar. The study subjects were all the children aged 12-23 month old from selected low performing blocks of the Bihar. Results-Corrected FIC of the study was 90.85%. Close to nine percent (8.8%) children thou have started vaccination could not able to complete it. Rest of the beneficiaries are completely left out. The most common reason for incomplete immunization was unavailability of child on the day of vaccination followed by sickness of the child. Conclusion: The overall Immunization coverage of Bihar is less than the National Immunization coverage as per NFHS-4. This study shows higher rate of immunization as far as Corrected Immunization Coverage is concerned.

Journal of Education and Health Promotion

International journal of health sciences

Background: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is growing rapidly worldwide and is reaching epid... more Background: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is growing rapidly worldwide and is reaching epidemic proportions. Epidemiological data indicate that all nations, rich and poor, are suffering from the impact of the diabetes epidemic. Effective care of diabetes with pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods is required, but it is impossible to control diabetes and its complications, as well as mortality, without strong compliance or adherence to therapy. Aims & Objectives to study the compliance rate of the patients with type 1 & 2 diabetes to the prescribed medications and to find out its association with different socio-demographic factors and other patient characteristics affecting compliance. Methodology: A cross sectional observational study was done using a pre-designed, semi-structured, and pre-tested questionnaire. Patients' clinical and socio-demographic data, were obtained. The Morisky medication adherence scale (MMAS-8) was used to assess adherence to prescribed ...

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care

Indian Journal of Community Health

Background: There are sufficient evidences on the association of epidemiological and clinical fea... more Background: There are sufficient evidences on the association of epidemiological and clinical features of the patients with COVID-19 but still there are paucity of evidences on socio-economic aspects of this disease. An ecological study has been carried out with aim to assess the associations of the Human Development Index (HDI) and its components of each states and Union territories in India with incidence and mortality from COVID-19. Methods: Information on confirmed cases and deaths have been extracted from the data on the website of Covid India Organization and the data on HDI and its components have been extracted from various national and international agencies. Regression analysis was performed which showed a direct significant association (p-values<0.05) of incidence and mortality rates with HDI and its components at the national level. Concentration index was estimated to measure socio-economic inequality in COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates with 95% confidence inte...

Indian Journal of Community Health, 2021

Background: A significant proportion of the individuals having the illness of moderate to severe ... more Background: A significant proportion of the individuals having the illness of moderate to severe nature due to COVID-19 infection require immediate critical care. High incidence of mortality among elderly population or those with comorbid conditions were reported. Objectives: The study was carried out with objectives to assess the epidemiological and clinical factors associated with mortality among the COVID-19 cases admitted and treated in AIIMS, Patna. Methods: This was a hospital -based cross-sectional analytical study of epidemiological and clinical features of COVID-19-positive patients admitted and treated during the outbreak from March 20, to August 31, 2020. Results: The median age of COVID-19 cases was 51.5 years (IQR : 37-62 years) which was significantly higher (p-value = 0.001) as compared to females. Male-female ratio of cases was 2.88:1. Out of 1696 cases, the case fatality rate was 309 (18.22%). The mean age of cases who died due to COVID-19 was significantly higher (...

Background: As per census 2011, India’s population is touching 1.21 billion with Total Fertility ... more Background: As per census 2011, India’s population is touching 1.21 billion with Total Fertility Rate(TFR) of 1.8 for urban and 2.4 for rural area, India still strives for demographic transition from late expandingstage to low stationary. IUCD, one of the effective methods of contraception uptake is dismally low as suggested by NFHS-4 data. Objective: The present study was planned to document the quality- basedassessment of IUCD insertion facility and availability of trained service providers across the country using District Level Health Survey IV (DLHS- IV) data. Material and Methods: The DLHS-4 facility level datawas used for the analysis. The outcome measures assessed was status of training, availability of autoclave,IUCD insertion kit, instrument trolley, SIMS speculum, examination table, privacy, and status of recordmaintenance. The proportions and 95% confidence intervals (CI), were presented wherever appropriate. Result: At sub centre, IUCD insertion kit and other equipment ...

Introduction- Prescription is an important order which is given by the doctor to their patients. ... more Introduction- Prescription is an important order which is given by the doctor to their patients. For the maximum benefit of the patients the prescription order should be according to the predefined pattern. Prescribing errors are very common in clinical practice, which may cause harm to the patient rather than benefit. To reduce the prescription error and promote rational prescribing, continuous monitoring of prescription in the form of prescription audit is required. Objective- To audit the prescriptions from different OPD (Out Patient Department) in a Tertiary care teaching hospital, Patna, for its legibility and completeness. Methodology-It is descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in Out Patients Department of Tertiary care teaching hospital, Patna from 10th June 2019 to 20th July 2019. In this study Non probability purposive sampling to ensure maximum variability. Results- In this maximum number of prescriptions collected from Medicine department (21.5%). The average num...

Rapid urbanization and migration of people for job opportunities and better living conditions to ... more Rapid urbanization and migration of people for job opportunities and better living conditions to urban areas, has led to the growth of slums; around 3.72% (163,983) of the population of Odisha live in slums. Almost half of them are females (77,657) and 21,930 are children less than six years old. Majority of them (38,362) are from tribal areas and belong to low socio-economic income group. The capital city, Bhubaneswar, has 30% of the population living in slums with a tremendous growth (78%) in the last decade. The compromised living condition and prevailing poverty compel the females to work outside for sustaining and catering to the needs of the family. According to the Washington post, two-thirds of the people surveyed had said that “although it may be necessary for a mother to work, it would be better for her family if she could stay home and care for the house and children”. The condition in India is no different, although there occurs the need of employment, still people and e...

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care

Indian Journal of Community Health

Background: The services provided in an ICTC help in awareness about HIV and help the clients to ... more Background: The services provided in an ICTC help in awareness about HIV and help the clients to undergo HIV test in a comfortable and confidential environment. Periodical evaluation of counseling, testing, and referral services is mandatory to find out any existing deficits and barriers of all functions of ICTCs. Objectives: To study the socio-demographic profile of ICTC attendees and to find out sero-positivity of these clients. Methods: The present study was carried out among ICTC attendees in the ICTC unit, at All India Institute of Medical Sciences of Patna district. A retrospective collection of data from available records of all clients who attended ICTC of our hospital between January 2019 and December 2019 was carried out after approval from institutional research and ethics committee. Results: A total of 28876 clients were tested during January-December 2019 and among them all (100%) of tests were provider initiated. Out of the total attendees, 223 (0.77%) were found to be...

International Journal of Advanced Research

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic known as COVID 19 has placed an overwhelming burden on health systems and... more The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic known as COVID 19 has placed an overwhelming burden on health systems and authorities to respond with effective and appropriate interventions, policies and message. , it is important for doctors working with the population to have adequate knowledge related to SARS-CoV-2 pandemic which should be of great help in dealing with the emerging situation. This survey was aimed to find out the level of knowledge related to SARS-Cov-2 among doctors, interns and medical undergraduate students with particular emphasis on Bihar. Objectives : to assess the basic knowledge among doctors, interns and undergraduate students that is needed for the prevention and treatment of the COVID19 disease and to find out any differences in their knowledge with associated factors. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey among doctors and undergraduate medical students was conducted during the first COVID-19 wave using a validated self-administered questionnaire of 14 items, sent to doctors...

Indian Journal of Community Health

Novel Coronavirus Outbreak (COVID-19) was declared as a pandemic on 11th March 2020 by World Heal... more Novel Coronavirus Outbreak (COVID-19) was declared as a pandemic on 11th March 2020 by World Health Organization (WHO). This was a call for immediate action to be taken on by all countries in terms of stepping up treatment, detection, and reduction of transmission. A total of 26472012 confirmed cases with over 873229 deaths were reported as on 4th September 2020 worldwide. (1) Government of India, initiated various Non-Pharmaceutical Intervention (NPI) to break the chain of transmission and prevent the spread of COVID-19, which included social distancing, and restricted public mobility like lockdown. The largest COVID-19 national lockdown in India started on 25th march 2020. Still, India’s population of 1·3 billion across diverse states, health inequalities, widening economic and social disparities, and distinct cultural values present unique challenges.(2) Meanwhile nationwide lockdown was extended till 31st may 2020 by Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India (Lockdown 4.0)....

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health

Background: Antenatal care (ANC) is an opportunity to encourage a positive pregnancy experience a... more Background: Antenatal care (ANC) is an opportunity to encourage a positive pregnancy experience and improved maternal and child survival. Care in the antenatal period is also essential for supporting the long-term growth and development of the child. ANC visits are vital for providing counselling to mothers about the care they should take during pregnancy and in preparation for childbirth. The principal objective of the study was to evaluate the utilization of antenatal care services in rural population of North India.Methods: The present community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 mothers over a period of Eight months. A semi structured, pre-tested questionnaire was used for data collection, the statistical data was recorded and analysed using by the SPSS Software.Results: In present study all the pregnancies had ANC registration and 20.5% of them had ≥4 ANC visits. 91% of the mothers received Iron and Folic Acid supplementation while 95% of mothers immunized with...

Indian Journal of Community Health

Background: Routine childhood immunization has proven to be among the most practical and most cos... more Background: Routine childhood immunization has proven to be among the most practical and most cost-effective health interventions. The full immunization coverage (FIC) has increased, still it is less. Especially in the low performing blocks of Bihar ,it is less than 70 %.There are various factors responsible for less FIC including gender discrimination also which is still hidden in the society. Hence this study was done to find out the FIC in Bihar with associated factors including gender discrimination. Objectives: To find out the various associated factors affecting FIC and to find out gender discrimination (if any) in FIC in different districts of Bihar. Methodology: Two stage cluster sampling with Probability Proportional to size Sampling (PPS) was used as per Study protocol. The study was conducted in 59 low- performing blocks of Bihar where the full immunization coverage was less than 70%. The survey was conducted in 59 blocks. From each block, 30 clusters (Villages) were sel...