Dr. Bobby Hmar - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Dr. Bobby Hmar

Open Journal of Psychiatry and Allied Sciences, 2017

Background: Depression has been found to be associated with cardiovascular diseases in various st... more Background: Depression has been found to be associated with cardiovascular diseases in various studies done in different parts of the world. Whether depression really develops after an attack of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in hospitalised patients was not evaluated in this region of our country prior to the current work. Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of depression and impact of depression in AMI patients during the period of hospitalisation. Materials and Methods: Patients were recruited for the study after fulfi lling the selection criteria and who had documented AMI within four to fi ve days of hospitalisation. Informed consent of the patient and ethical committee clearance was obtained. To collect data semi-structured interview schedule was used. Assamese versions of 21 self-report items Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and observer-rated 17 items Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) were administered to 50 AMI patients. Data were analysed with chi-square test, Pearson coeffi cient of correlation, and student t test wherever applicable. p-value<0.05 was considered test of signifi cance in this study. Result: Fifty cases of AMI were evaluated from August 2007 to July 2008. Thirty six per cent of AMI patients and 34% of AMI patients were found to have depression as per BDI and HAM-D scales respectively. Depression has an impact on duration of hospital stay signifi cantly (p<0.019) but not on gender difference (p=0.089). Correlation of mean scores of both HAM-D and BDI scales was done by Pearson coeffi cient of correlation and was found to be signifi cant at .01 level. Conclusion: Depression was found to be high in AMI patients during the period of hospitalisation in both the depression rating scales and it has an impact on prognosis of the patients.

International journal of medical research profesionals, Dec 23, 2016

Background: More than 80% of acute myocardial infarction cases (AMI) are the result of coronary a... more Background: More than 80% of acute myocardial infarction cases (AMI) are the result of coronary atherosclerosis with superimposed luminal thrombus. Alteration in the serum electrolyte balance has been to occur in AMI patients. Hence; present study was conducted to assess the role of serum sodium levels in AMI patients. Materials & Methods: The present study was planned to investigate the serum sodium profile in patients with AMI. A total of 50 AMI patients and a total of 50 age and gender matched healthy controls were included in the present study. Capillary blood was withdrawn from the all the subjects and was sent to laboratory, where an Autoanalyzer was used for evaluation of serum sodium levels. Results: Mean sodium levels among the AMI patients and the healthy controls were found to be 130.1 and 138.4 mEq/L respectively. Significant results were obtained while comparing the mean sodium levels among the AMI group and the control group respectively. Conclusion: Serum sodium levels are significantly altered in AMI patients.

Open Journal of Psychiatry and Allied Sciences, 2016

Background of the study: Children with behavioural abnormalities and developmental disorders are ... more Background of the study: Children with behavioural abnormalities and developmental disorders are often advised electroencephalography (EEG) for evaluation of electrophysiological process of the brain to rule out any organic pathology. Various studies have reported abnormal EEG in these groups of children without history of clinical seizure on routine EEG and sleep EEG. Aim of the study: To study pattern and prevalence of EEG abnormalities in children with behavioural abnormalities without history of clinical seizure. Materials and methods: The study is a retrospective study. Ethical clearance has been obtained from institutional ethical committee for the study. To collect data, socio-demographic and clinical data proforma has been used. Data has been evaluated during the period from June 2011 to June 2014 as per selection criteria from the case history record of children with behavioural abnormalities attending child guidance clinic (CGC). Associations of abnormal EEG with various psychiatric diagnoses has been analysed and chi-square test has been used. p value <0.05 has been taken as test of significance. Result: Total 2011 children attended CGC from 2011 June to 2014 June. One hundred and ninety two children of various psychiatric diagnoses as per the tenth revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) criteria had fulfilled the selection criteria and 113 children had done EEG. Abnormal EEG was found in 26.54% of children with various psychiatric diagnoses. Association was statistically significant (p<0.05). The EEG abnormalities were found more in male gender than female (p<0.05) and more in younger age group (four to ten years, p<0.05). Conclusion: Children with various psychiatric diagnoses have significant association with abnormal EEG without history of clinical seizure.

Open Journal of Psychiatry and Allied Sciences, 2016

Autism, also known as autistic spectrum disorder, is a neurodevelopmental disorder, characterised... more Autism, also known as autistic spectrum disorder, is a neurodevelopmental disorder, characterised by social and communication deficit with repetitive behaviour and restrictive interest. Epilepsy has been found to be highly comorbid disorder though range varies. But epileptiform discharge in autism without history of epilepsy has been reported by various studies. There is no treatment recommendation for abnormal EEG without history of clinical seizure with anticonvulsant in these populations due to the lack of controlled trials. These abnormal EEG may have an important role to explore its association with autism.

INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH, Aug 1, 2022

GLOBAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH ANALYSIS, Oct 15, 2021

Background of the study: Various risk factors have been reported in the development of Autism spe... more Background of the study: Various risk factors have been reported in the development of Autism spectrum Disorder. The aim of our study is to explore the demographic and perinatal risk factors implicated in the development of ASD. A retrospective study was conducted with data of 49 children with ASD and found that total 71.3% of children were male 73.5% were in rst birth order. Out of 49 children 53.1% had history of Lower Segment Caesarean Section (LSCS). Indication of LSCS due to various obstetric or perinatal risk factors were reported in 17 cases. Three children had history of low birth weight with history of admission into Neonatal ICU. The study also explore the various co morbidity and found that ADHD (20.4%) was most common comorbidity followed by Mental retardation(18.4%), ADHD and MR(12.2%), seizure disorder and MR (8.2 %). This study found that male gender, rst birth order and perinatal risk factors are implicated in the development of Autism spectrum Disorder and majority of them have one or more another neuro developmental disorder as a comorbidity.

INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH

Background: Studying ner aspects of gender differences in sociodemographic and clinical characte... more Background: Studying ner aspects of gender differences in sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of schizophrenia patients can pave way for better understanding of etiology, preventive strategies, and personalized medicine whereas only few studies have been done to study the gender differences in schizophrenia in India specially in Northeast region. Objective: To examine gender related differences in sociodemographic characteristics of Schizophrenia patients. Cross sectional study Methods: in 70 Schizophrenia patients diagnosed as per ICD 10 criteria, excluding other psychiatric comorbidities (except substance use disorder) aged 18- 60yrs attending psychiatry department, of a tertiary care medical college hospital in GMCH, Guwahati with Sociodemographic proforma & statistical software SPSS26 Predominance of female patients, majori Results: ty in age group 26-32 yrs., Hindu religion, rural domicile, upper lower socioeconomic background, secondary level education, unemployment...

INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH, Aug 1, 2022

Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 2019

International Journal of Medical Research Professionals, 2016

Background: More than 80% of acute myocardial infarction cases (AMI) are the result of coronary a... more Background: More than 80% of acute myocardial infarction cases (AMI) are the result of coronary atherosclerosis with superimposed luminal thrombus. Alteration in the serum electrolyte balance has been to occur in AMI patients. Hence; present study was conducted to assess the role of serum sodium levels in AMI patients. Materials & Methods: The present study was planned to investigate the serum sodium profile in patients with AMI. A total of 50 AMI patients and a total of 50 age and gender matched healthy controls were included in the present study. Capillary blood was withdrawn from the all the subjects and was sent to laboratory, where an Autoanalyzer was used for evaluation of serum sodium levels. Results: Mean sodium levels among the AMI patients and the healthy controls were found to be 130.1 and 138.4 mEq/L respectively. Significant results were obtained while comparing the mean sodium levels among the AMI group and the control group respectively. Conclusion: Serum sodium levels are significantly altered in AMI patients.

Open Journal of Psychiatry & Allied Sciences, 2016

Background of the study: Children with behavioural abnormalities and developmental disorders are ... more Background of the study: Children with behavioural abnormalities and developmental disorders are often advised electroencephalography (EEG) for evaluation of electrophysiological process of the brain to rule out any organic pathology. Various studies have reported abnormal EEG in these groups of children without history of clinical seizure on routine EEG and sleep EEG. Aim of the study: To study pattern and prevalence of EEG abnormalities in children with behavioural abnormalities without history of clinical seizure. Materials and methods: The study is a retrospective study. Ethical clearance has been obtained from institutional ethical committee for the study. To collect data, socio-demographic and clinical data proforma has been used. Data has been evaluated during the period from June 2011 to June 2014 as per selection criteria from the case history record of children with behavioural abnormalities attending child guidance clinic (CGC). Associations of abnormal EEG with various psychiatric diagnoses has been analysed and chi-square test has been used. p value <0.05 has been taken as test of significance. Result: Total 2011 children attended CGC from 2011 June to 2014 June. One hundred and ninety two children of various psychiatric diagnoses as per the tenth revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) criteria had fulfilled the selection criteria and 113 children had done EEG. Abnormal EEG was found in 26.54% of children with various psychiatric diagnoses. Association was statistically significant (p<0.05). The EEG abnormalities were found more in male gender than female (p<0.05) and more in younger age group (four to ten years, p<0.05). Conclusion: Children with various psychiatric diagnoses have significant association with abnormal EEG without history of clinical seizure.

GLOBAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH ANALYSIS, 2021

Background of the study: Various risk factors have been reported in the development of Autism spe... more Background of the study: Various risk factors have been reported in the development of Autism spectrum Disorder. The aim of our study is to explore the demographic and perinatal risk factors implicated in the development of ASD. A retrospective study was conducted with data of 49 children with ASD and found that total 71.3% of children were male 73.5% were in rst birth order. Out of 49 children 53.1% had history of Lower Segment Caesarean Section (LSCS). Indication of LSCS due to various obstetric or perinatal risk factors were reported in 17 cases. Three children had history of low birth weight with history of admission into Neonatal ICU. The study also explore the various co morbidity and found that ADHD (20.4%) was most common comorbidity followed by Mental retardation(18.4%), ADHD and MR(12.2%), seizure disorder and MR (8.2 %). This study found that male gender, rst birth order and perinatal risk factors are implicated in the development of Autism spectrum Disorder and majorit...

Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research, 2019

Background: Electroconvulsive therapy has been found to be effective treatment in Depressive diso... more Background: Electroconvulsive therapy has been found to be effective treatment in Depressive disorder and in actively suicidal patient. This treatment has been also prescribed in different psychiatric disorders. Hence the objective of the study is to explore the various psychiatric diagnosis and indications of patients receiving ECT and is there any gender difference in the treatment sessions. Method: Data of 28 Patients diagnosed as per ICD-10 criteria and advised for Brief pulse ECT are collected for the study. Unpaired t test is used for inferential statistics and P value <0.05 is considered significant in this study. Result: Among the patients with psychiatric diagnosis receiving ECT; depressive disorder (35.73%) was highest followed by schizophrenia (25%). Majority cases indication of ECT was severe depression, suicidal attempt, psychosis and treatment resistant. The mean age difference between male and female was statistically significant (P<0.02237). Gender influence on ECT sessions was statistically not significant (P<0.2218). Conclusion: Brief pulse ECT has been prescribed in various psychiatric diagnosis without any immediate adverse effect and gender has no influence on ECT sessions.

Open Journal of Psychiatry & Allied Sciences, 2016

Autism, also known as autistic spectrum disorder, is a neurodevelopmental disorder, characterised... more Autism, also known as autistic spectrum disorder, is a neurodevelopmental disorder, characterised by social and communication deficit with repetitive behaviour and restrictive interest. Epilepsy has been found to be highly comorbid disorder though range varies. But epileptiform discharge in autism without history of epilepsy has been reported by various studies. There is no treatment recommendation for abnormal EEG without history of clinical seizure with anticonvulsant in these populations due to the lack of controlled trials. These abnormal EEG may have an important role to explore its association with autism.

Open Journal of Psychiatry & Allied Sciences, 2017

Open Journal of Psychiatry and Allied Sciences, 2017

Background: Depression has been found to be associated with cardiovascular diseases in various st... more Background: Depression has been found to be associated with cardiovascular diseases in various studies done in different parts of the world. Whether depression really develops after an attack of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in hospitalised patients was not evaluated in this region of our country prior to the current work. Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of depression and impact of depression in AMI patients during the period of hospitalisation. Materials and Methods: Patients were recruited for the study after fulfi lling the selection criteria and who had documented AMI within four to fi ve days of hospitalisation. Informed consent of the patient and ethical committee clearance was obtained. To collect data semi-structured interview schedule was used. Assamese versions of 21 self-report items Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and observer-rated 17 items Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) were administered to 50 AMI patients. Data were analysed with chi-square test, Pearson coeffi cient of correlation, and student t test wherever applicable. p-value<0.05 was considered test of signifi cance in this study. Result: Fifty cases of AMI were evaluated from August 2007 to July 2008. Thirty six per cent of AMI patients and 34% of AMI patients were found to have depression as per BDI and HAM-D scales respectively. Depression has an impact on duration of hospital stay signifi cantly (p<0.019) but not on gender difference (p=0.089). Correlation of mean scores of both HAM-D and BDI scales was done by Pearson coeffi cient of correlation and was found to be signifi cant at .01 level. Conclusion: Depression was found to be high in AMI patients during the period of hospitalisation in both the depression rating scales and it has an impact on prognosis of the patients.

International journal of medical research profesionals, Dec 23, 2016

Background: More than 80% of acute myocardial infarction cases (AMI) are the result of coronary a... more Background: More than 80% of acute myocardial infarction cases (AMI) are the result of coronary atherosclerosis with superimposed luminal thrombus. Alteration in the serum electrolyte balance has been to occur in AMI patients. Hence; present study was conducted to assess the role of serum sodium levels in AMI patients. Materials & Methods: The present study was planned to investigate the serum sodium profile in patients with AMI. A total of 50 AMI patients and a total of 50 age and gender matched healthy controls were included in the present study. Capillary blood was withdrawn from the all the subjects and was sent to laboratory, where an Autoanalyzer was used for evaluation of serum sodium levels. Results: Mean sodium levels among the AMI patients and the healthy controls were found to be 130.1 and 138.4 mEq/L respectively. Significant results were obtained while comparing the mean sodium levels among the AMI group and the control group respectively. Conclusion: Serum sodium levels are significantly altered in AMI patients.

Open Journal of Psychiatry and Allied Sciences, 2016

Background of the study: Children with behavioural abnormalities and developmental disorders are ... more Background of the study: Children with behavioural abnormalities and developmental disorders are often advised electroencephalography (EEG) for evaluation of electrophysiological process of the brain to rule out any organic pathology. Various studies have reported abnormal EEG in these groups of children without history of clinical seizure on routine EEG and sleep EEG. Aim of the study: To study pattern and prevalence of EEG abnormalities in children with behavioural abnormalities without history of clinical seizure. Materials and methods: The study is a retrospective study. Ethical clearance has been obtained from institutional ethical committee for the study. To collect data, socio-demographic and clinical data proforma has been used. Data has been evaluated during the period from June 2011 to June 2014 as per selection criteria from the case history record of children with behavioural abnormalities attending child guidance clinic (CGC). Associations of abnormal EEG with various psychiatric diagnoses has been analysed and chi-square test has been used. p value <0.05 has been taken as test of significance. Result: Total 2011 children attended CGC from 2011 June to 2014 June. One hundred and ninety two children of various psychiatric diagnoses as per the tenth revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) criteria had fulfilled the selection criteria and 113 children had done EEG. Abnormal EEG was found in 26.54% of children with various psychiatric diagnoses. Association was statistically significant (p<0.05). The EEG abnormalities were found more in male gender than female (p<0.05) and more in younger age group (four to ten years, p<0.05). Conclusion: Children with various psychiatric diagnoses have significant association with abnormal EEG without history of clinical seizure.

Open Journal of Psychiatry and Allied Sciences, 2016

Autism, also known as autistic spectrum disorder, is a neurodevelopmental disorder, characterised... more Autism, also known as autistic spectrum disorder, is a neurodevelopmental disorder, characterised by social and communication deficit with repetitive behaviour and restrictive interest. Epilepsy has been found to be highly comorbid disorder though range varies. But epileptiform discharge in autism without history of epilepsy has been reported by various studies. There is no treatment recommendation for abnormal EEG without history of clinical seizure with anticonvulsant in these populations due to the lack of controlled trials. These abnormal EEG may have an important role to explore its association with autism.

INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH, Aug 1, 2022

GLOBAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH ANALYSIS, Oct 15, 2021

Background of the study: Various risk factors have been reported in the development of Autism spe... more Background of the study: Various risk factors have been reported in the development of Autism spectrum Disorder. The aim of our study is to explore the demographic and perinatal risk factors implicated in the development of ASD. A retrospective study was conducted with data of 49 children with ASD and found that total 71.3% of children were male 73.5% were in rst birth order. Out of 49 children 53.1% had history of Lower Segment Caesarean Section (LSCS). Indication of LSCS due to various obstetric or perinatal risk factors were reported in 17 cases. Three children had history of low birth weight with history of admission into Neonatal ICU. The study also explore the various co morbidity and found that ADHD (20.4%) was most common comorbidity followed by Mental retardation(18.4%), ADHD and MR(12.2%), seizure disorder and MR (8.2 %). This study found that male gender, rst birth order and perinatal risk factors are implicated in the development of Autism spectrum Disorder and majority of them have one or more another neuro developmental disorder as a comorbidity.

INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH

Background: Studying ner aspects of gender differences in sociodemographic and clinical characte... more Background: Studying ner aspects of gender differences in sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of schizophrenia patients can pave way for better understanding of etiology, preventive strategies, and personalized medicine whereas only few studies have been done to study the gender differences in schizophrenia in India specially in Northeast region. Objective: To examine gender related differences in sociodemographic characteristics of Schizophrenia patients. Cross sectional study Methods: in 70 Schizophrenia patients diagnosed as per ICD 10 criteria, excluding other psychiatric comorbidities (except substance use disorder) aged 18- 60yrs attending psychiatry department, of a tertiary care medical college hospital in GMCH, Guwahati with Sociodemographic proforma & statistical software SPSS26 Predominance of female patients, majori Results: ty in age group 26-32 yrs., Hindu religion, rural domicile, upper lower socioeconomic background, secondary level education, unemployment...

INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH, Aug 1, 2022

Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 2019

International Journal of Medical Research Professionals, 2016

Background: More than 80% of acute myocardial infarction cases (AMI) are the result of coronary a... more Background: More than 80% of acute myocardial infarction cases (AMI) are the result of coronary atherosclerosis with superimposed luminal thrombus. Alteration in the serum electrolyte balance has been to occur in AMI patients. Hence; present study was conducted to assess the role of serum sodium levels in AMI patients. Materials & Methods: The present study was planned to investigate the serum sodium profile in patients with AMI. A total of 50 AMI patients and a total of 50 age and gender matched healthy controls were included in the present study. Capillary blood was withdrawn from the all the subjects and was sent to laboratory, where an Autoanalyzer was used for evaluation of serum sodium levels. Results: Mean sodium levels among the AMI patients and the healthy controls were found to be 130.1 and 138.4 mEq/L respectively. Significant results were obtained while comparing the mean sodium levels among the AMI group and the control group respectively. Conclusion: Serum sodium levels are significantly altered in AMI patients.

Open Journal of Psychiatry & Allied Sciences, 2016

Background of the study: Children with behavioural abnormalities and developmental disorders are ... more Background of the study: Children with behavioural abnormalities and developmental disorders are often advised electroencephalography (EEG) for evaluation of electrophysiological process of the brain to rule out any organic pathology. Various studies have reported abnormal EEG in these groups of children without history of clinical seizure on routine EEG and sleep EEG. Aim of the study: To study pattern and prevalence of EEG abnormalities in children with behavioural abnormalities without history of clinical seizure. Materials and methods: The study is a retrospective study. Ethical clearance has been obtained from institutional ethical committee for the study. To collect data, socio-demographic and clinical data proforma has been used. Data has been evaluated during the period from June 2011 to June 2014 as per selection criteria from the case history record of children with behavioural abnormalities attending child guidance clinic (CGC). Associations of abnormal EEG with various psychiatric diagnoses has been analysed and chi-square test has been used. p value <0.05 has been taken as test of significance. Result: Total 2011 children attended CGC from 2011 June to 2014 June. One hundred and ninety two children of various psychiatric diagnoses as per the tenth revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) criteria had fulfilled the selection criteria and 113 children had done EEG. Abnormal EEG was found in 26.54% of children with various psychiatric diagnoses. Association was statistically significant (p<0.05). The EEG abnormalities were found more in male gender than female (p<0.05) and more in younger age group (four to ten years, p<0.05). Conclusion: Children with various psychiatric diagnoses have significant association with abnormal EEG without history of clinical seizure.

GLOBAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH ANALYSIS, 2021

Background of the study: Various risk factors have been reported in the development of Autism spe... more Background of the study: Various risk factors have been reported in the development of Autism spectrum Disorder. The aim of our study is to explore the demographic and perinatal risk factors implicated in the development of ASD. A retrospective study was conducted with data of 49 children with ASD and found that total 71.3% of children were male 73.5% were in rst birth order. Out of 49 children 53.1% had history of Lower Segment Caesarean Section (LSCS). Indication of LSCS due to various obstetric or perinatal risk factors were reported in 17 cases. Three children had history of low birth weight with history of admission into Neonatal ICU. The study also explore the various co morbidity and found that ADHD (20.4%) was most common comorbidity followed by Mental retardation(18.4%), ADHD and MR(12.2%), seizure disorder and MR (8.2 %). This study found that male gender, rst birth order and perinatal risk factors are implicated in the development of Autism spectrum Disorder and majorit...

Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research, 2019

Background: Electroconvulsive therapy has been found to be effective treatment in Depressive diso... more Background: Electroconvulsive therapy has been found to be effective treatment in Depressive disorder and in actively suicidal patient. This treatment has been also prescribed in different psychiatric disorders. Hence the objective of the study is to explore the various psychiatric diagnosis and indications of patients receiving ECT and is there any gender difference in the treatment sessions. Method: Data of 28 Patients diagnosed as per ICD-10 criteria and advised for Brief pulse ECT are collected for the study. Unpaired t test is used for inferential statistics and P value <0.05 is considered significant in this study. Result: Among the patients with psychiatric diagnosis receiving ECT; depressive disorder (35.73%) was highest followed by schizophrenia (25%). Majority cases indication of ECT was severe depression, suicidal attempt, psychosis and treatment resistant. The mean age difference between male and female was statistically significant (P<0.02237). Gender influence on ECT sessions was statistically not significant (P<0.2218). Conclusion: Brief pulse ECT has been prescribed in various psychiatric diagnosis without any immediate adverse effect and gender has no influence on ECT sessions.

Open Journal of Psychiatry & Allied Sciences, 2016

Autism, also known as autistic spectrum disorder, is a neurodevelopmental disorder, characterised... more Autism, also known as autistic spectrum disorder, is a neurodevelopmental disorder, characterised by social and communication deficit with repetitive behaviour and restrictive interest. Epilepsy has been found to be highly comorbid disorder though range varies. But epileptiform discharge in autism without history of epilepsy has been reported by various studies. There is no treatment recommendation for abnormal EEG without history of clinical seizure with anticonvulsant in these populations due to the lack of controlled trials. These abnormal EEG may have an important role to explore its association with autism.

Open Journal of Psychiatry & Allied Sciences, 2017