Dr. Dinesh Kaul - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Dr. Dinesh Kaul
Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 2004
Pediatric Research, Apr 1, 1998
Developments in biological standardization, 1998
Most human pathogens are acquired through mucosal portals of entry, and replicate in the mucosal ... more Most human pathogens are acquired through mucosal portals of entry, and replicate in the mucosal tissues. Subsequently, the infecting agent may invade the blood stream and produce disease at distant systemic sites. However, a large number of pathogenic organisms are limited to development of disease only at the site of initial mucosal replication. Studies carried out with naturally acquired infections and mucosally delivered vaccines have provided strong evidence for the existence of a common mucosal immune system in the organized lymphoid follicles in respiratory and intestinal epithelium, and in the mucosa of genital tract, mammary glands, conjunctiva, upper airways, and the middle ear cavity. Mucosal application of live attenuated oral poliovaccine (OPV), rubella virus vaccine (RA 27/3), adenoviruses, influenza A virus, rotavirus, salmonella, and cholera vaccines have demonstrated consistent development of secretory IgA, serum antibody, and cellular immune responses. Mucosal immu...
Current Medicine Research and Practice
Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2022
Dengue viruses (DENVs) are the viruses responsible for dengue infection which affects lungs, live... more Dengue viruses (DENVs) are the viruses responsible for dengue infection which affects lungs, liver, heart and also other organs of individuals. DENVs consist of the group of four serotypically diverse dengue viruses transmitted in tropical and sub-tropical countries of world. Aedes mosquito is the principal vector which spread the infection from infected person to healthy humans. DENVs can cause different syndromes depending on serotype of virus which range from undifferentiated mild fever to dengue hemorrhagic fever resulting in vascular leakage due to release of cytokine and Dengue shock syndrome with fluid loss and hypotensive shock, or other severe manifestations such as bleeding and organ failure. Increase in dengue cases in pediatric population is a major concern. Transmission of dengue depends on various factors like temperature, rainfall, and distribution of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The present review describes a comprehensive overview of dengue, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment with an emphasis on potential of exosomes as biomarkers for early prediction of dengue in pediatrics.
Current Medicine Research and Practice, 2021
Advances in Pediatrics, 2007
Journal of Neonatology, 2021
Neonatal necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is an uncommon but often fatal bacterial infection of skin, f... more Neonatal necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is an uncommon but often fatal bacterial infection of skin, fascia, and subcutaneous fat. High index of suspicion, appropriate antibiotics, supportive care, and prompt surgical intervention are the cornerstones of management. We report a term neonate with rapidly progressing NF of neck and scalp which complicated to skull osteomyelitis. The baby was managed with intravenous antibiotics and early wound debridement followed by skin grafting. The graft was taken up well and currently the baby is thriving.
Current Medicine Research and Practice, 2021
Current Medicine Research and Practice, 2021
Vaccine, 2021
PURPOSE This phase 4, randomized, open-label, multicenter study in healthy Indian infants and tod... more PURPOSE This phase 4, randomized, open-label, multicenter study in healthy Indian infants and toddlers evaluated the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) formulated in a multidose vial (MDV) or single prefilled syringe (PFS). METHODS Healthy Indian infants (6 weeks of age) were randomized 1:1 to receive either PCV13-MDV or PCV13-PFS concomitant with routine pediatric vaccines. Subjects received a single dose of either PCV13-MDV or PCV13-PFS as a 4-dose schedule (infant series: 1 dose at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age; toddler dose: 12 months of age). Safety was assessed, including local reactions, systemic events, and adverse events (AEs). Immunogenicity 1 month after both the infant series and toddler dose was measured by concentrations of serotype-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies and opsonophagocytic activity titers. RESULTS Rates and severities of local reactions and systemic events up to 7 days after each dose of either PCV13-MDV or PCV13-PFS were generally similar, with the majority being of mild or moderate severity. PCV13-MDV had a safety profile comparable with PCV13-PFS; both groups experienced a similar frequency of AEs. PCV13-MDV elicited immune responses comparable with those induced by PCV13-PFS. Clear boosting of immune responses after the PCV13-MDV toddler dose was observed; ≥96% of subjects showed serotype-specific IgG concentrations at or above the defined thresholds 1 month after the PCV13-MDV toddler dose. CONCLUSIONS PCV13-MDV was safe, well tolerated, and immunogenic in healthy Indian infants and toddlers when coadministered with routine pediatric vaccinations. Safety and immunogenicity of PCV13-MDV was comparable with PCV13-PFS. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03548337.
![Research paper thumbnail of Corrigendum to ‘An Overview of Coronaviruses including the SARS-2 Coronavirus – Molecular Biology, Epidemiology and Clinical Implications’ [Cur Med Res Pract. (2019) Vol. 10, pages 54–64]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/84557388/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Current Medicine Research and Practice, 2020
Current Medicine Research and Practice, 2018
Current Medicine Research and Practice, 2020
The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 2020
This is a nicely designed book in a compact soft cover format. The cover and design look fine and... more This is a nicely designed book in a compact soft cover format. The cover and design look fine and appear appealing. The overall paper and print quality of the textbook is fair and readable. The editors have done a commendable job in putting everything about malaria in a concise handbook. The historical aspects of malaria seem to very interesting, especially the early discovery of the malaria parasite by Charles LA Laveran and subsequent pioneering work of Sir Ronald Ross, who identified the malaria parasite in the mosquitoes. Both of them were awarded with Nobel Prizes for medicine and physiology in 1907 and 1902 respectively. The ‘year’ of various historical facts is printed in bold letters, which seem to be out of place with the normal text. A comprehensive list of all the mosquitoes (Anopheles sp.), which serve as vectors of malarial parasites have been described in detail in chapter 3 of the book. The life cycle of the various species of Plasmodium have been incorporated as color plates at the end of the book; same figures have been illustrated in chapter 4 (Figs. 4.1–4.5) in black and white cartoon diagrams. The life cycle of malaria parasite has been described in chapter 3 (section 3.3). A pictorial representation or a cartoon diagram would have made it more interesting. Table 3.4 elucidates various effective insecticides or larvicides which are currently in use in India in vector control eradication programs. Various national control programs from 1953 onwards implemented for control of malaria have been dealt in a comprehensive manner. Different public health aspects of diagnosis of malaria by rapid diagnostic tests, peripheral smear and treatment protocols have been dealt with in an easy form. Various epidemiological dimensions of malaria have been well covered in chapter 5. The trend of declining malaria cases from 75 million in 1947 to 0.67 million cases in 2017 seems reassuring that malaria can be eradicated from India as some of the southeast Asian countries like Sri Lanka and Maldives have done. Various pathological, physiological and immunological aspects have malaria have been incorporated in the text (chapter 6 and 7). This should be of interest to students of basic pathology and immunology. Pathological changes seen in the spleen, liver, bone marrow, brain and other organ manifestations have been well documented. Last two decades have generated a lot of interest in the immunological aspects of malaria and development of various malaria vaccines.RTS,S/AS01 is a genetically engineered vaccine derived from various protein components of P. falciparum and hepatitis B virus which has been developed and approved in July 2015 after extensive phase III clinical trials. This is available as Mosquirix by GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines. The approval of the vaccine has been for children from 6 wk to 17 mo of age. Chapter 8 deals with diverse clinical manifestations of malaria. The spectrum of clinical manifestations from febrile illness to severe forms of malaria like cerebral malaria, respiratory distress syndrome, hemoglobinuria, renal failure and disseminated intravascular coagulation has been mentioned. This gives an insight into the intricacies of the parasite. Clinical features of malaria in pregnancy and children have been dealt under separate headings. It tells us howmalaria may present in pregnancy with poor outcomes like low birth weight neonates, still births and abortions. Different case summaries have been incorporated in box diagrams to highlight various clinical manifestations. The names of index patients should have been avoided or it may have beenmentioned that the original names have been changed to maintain the privacy of patients. * Dinesh Kaul docdineshkaul@gmail.com
Current Medicine Research and Practice, 2019
Current Medicine Research and Practice, 2019
Abstract Background Tuberculin skin test (Mantoux test) is a known intradermal skin prick test fo... more Abstract Background Tuberculin skin test (Mantoux test) is a known intradermal skin prick test for detection of tubercular infection in children and adult population. A new diagnostic test QuantiFERON-TB (QFT) Gold developed in 2005 and approved by the US Food and Drug Administration has good sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of tubercular infection. Methods In this prospective study, 125 children who were being evaluated for tubercular infection or disease were administered Mantoux test and at the same time a blood sample was drawn for the interferon gamma estimation and evaluated by this new diagnostic assay, i.e., QFT Gold assay. Results Sensitivity and specificity of QFT test calculated was 96.4% and 81% respectively, whereas the negative predictive value and positive predictive value were 91.9% and 90.9% respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the Mantoux test was found to be 89.2% and 59.5% respectively. The Cohen Kappa coefficient between the Mantoux test and QFT Gold assay for diagnosis of tubercular infection was found to be 0.627 (95% confidence interval: 0.474–0.779; p = 0.0001) in our study, indicating a good agreement between the two tests. Conclusion QFT Gold assay is an effective tool in diagnosing tuberculosis infection in a pediatric population. False positive reactions with tuberculin skin test are common as there is cross-reactivity with non-tubercular mycobacteria (NTM) and BCG vaccination. Both sensitivity and specificity of QFT test were better than those of the tuberculin skin test. Therefore, it is better than the tuberculin skin test, and the diagnostic yield is better. However, this test should not be used as gold standard for diagnosis of tubercular disease in children.
Current Medicine Research and Practice, 2017
Current Medicine Research and Practice, 2015
Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 2004
Pediatric Research, Apr 1, 1998
Developments in biological standardization, 1998
Most human pathogens are acquired through mucosal portals of entry, and replicate in the mucosal ... more Most human pathogens are acquired through mucosal portals of entry, and replicate in the mucosal tissues. Subsequently, the infecting agent may invade the blood stream and produce disease at distant systemic sites. However, a large number of pathogenic organisms are limited to development of disease only at the site of initial mucosal replication. Studies carried out with naturally acquired infections and mucosally delivered vaccines have provided strong evidence for the existence of a common mucosal immune system in the organized lymphoid follicles in respiratory and intestinal epithelium, and in the mucosa of genital tract, mammary glands, conjunctiva, upper airways, and the middle ear cavity. Mucosal application of live attenuated oral poliovaccine (OPV), rubella virus vaccine (RA 27/3), adenoviruses, influenza A virus, rotavirus, salmonella, and cholera vaccines have demonstrated consistent development of secretory IgA, serum antibody, and cellular immune responses. Mucosal immu...
Current Medicine Research and Practice
Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2022
Dengue viruses (DENVs) are the viruses responsible for dengue infection which affects lungs, live... more Dengue viruses (DENVs) are the viruses responsible for dengue infection which affects lungs, liver, heart and also other organs of individuals. DENVs consist of the group of four serotypically diverse dengue viruses transmitted in tropical and sub-tropical countries of world. Aedes mosquito is the principal vector which spread the infection from infected person to healthy humans. DENVs can cause different syndromes depending on serotype of virus which range from undifferentiated mild fever to dengue hemorrhagic fever resulting in vascular leakage due to release of cytokine and Dengue shock syndrome with fluid loss and hypotensive shock, or other severe manifestations such as bleeding and organ failure. Increase in dengue cases in pediatric population is a major concern. Transmission of dengue depends on various factors like temperature, rainfall, and distribution of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The present review describes a comprehensive overview of dengue, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment with an emphasis on potential of exosomes as biomarkers for early prediction of dengue in pediatrics.
Current Medicine Research and Practice, 2021
Advances in Pediatrics, 2007
Journal of Neonatology, 2021
Neonatal necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is an uncommon but often fatal bacterial infection of skin, f... more Neonatal necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is an uncommon but often fatal bacterial infection of skin, fascia, and subcutaneous fat. High index of suspicion, appropriate antibiotics, supportive care, and prompt surgical intervention are the cornerstones of management. We report a term neonate with rapidly progressing NF of neck and scalp which complicated to skull osteomyelitis. The baby was managed with intravenous antibiotics and early wound debridement followed by skin grafting. The graft was taken up well and currently the baby is thriving.
Current Medicine Research and Practice, 2021
Current Medicine Research and Practice, 2021
Vaccine, 2021
PURPOSE This phase 4, randomized, open-label, multicenter study in healthy Indian infants and tod... more PURPOSE This phase 4, randomized, open-label, multicenter study in healthy Indian infants and toddlers evaluated the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) formulated in a multidose vial (MDV) or single prefilled syringe (PFS). METHODS Healthy Indian infants (6 weeks of age) were randomized 1:1 to receive either PCV13-MDV or PCV13-PFS concomitant with routine pediatric vaccines. Subjects received a single dose of either PCV13-MDV or PCV13-PFS as a 4-dose schedule (infant series: 1 dose at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age; toddler dose: 12 months of age). Safety was assessed, including local reactions, systemic events, and adverse events (AEs). Immunogenicity 1 month after both the infant series and toddler dose was measured by concentrations of serotype-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies and opsonophagocytic activity titers. RESULTS Rates and severities of local reactions and systemic events up to 7 days after each dose of either PCV13-MDV or PCV13-PFS were generally similar, with the majority being of mild or moderate severity. PCV13-MDV had a safety profile comparable with PCV13-PFS; both groups experienced a similar frequency of AEs. PCV13-MDV elicited immune responses comparable with those induced by PCV13-PFS. Clear boosting of immune responses after the PCV13-MDV toddler dose was observed; ≥96% of subjects showed serotype-specific IgG concentrations at or above the defined thresholds 1 month after the PCV13-MDV toddler dose. CONCLUSIONS PCV13-MDV was safe, well tolerated, and immunogenic in healthy Indian infants and toddlers when coadministered with routine pediatric vaccinations. Safety and immunogenicity of PCV13-MDV was comparable with PCV13-PFS. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03548337.
Current Medicine Research and Practice, 2020
Current Medicine Research and Practice, 2018
Current Medicine Research and Practice, 2020
The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 2020
This is a nicely designed book in a compact soft cover format. The cover and design look fine and... more This is a nicely designed book in a compact soft cover format. The cover and design look fine and appear appealing. The overall paper and print quality of the textbook is fair and readable. The editors have done a commendable job in putting everything about malaria in a concise handbook. The historical aspects of malaria seem to very interesting, especially the early discovery of the malaria parasite by Charles LA Laveran and subsequent pioneering work of Sir Ronald Ross, who identified the malaria parasite in the mosquitoes. Both of them were awarded with Nobel Prizes for medicine and physiology in 1907 and 1902 respectively. The ‘year’ of various historical facts is printed in bold letters, which seem to be out of place with the normal text. A comprehensive list of all the mosquitoes (Anopheles sp.), which serve as vectors of malarial parasites have been described in detail in chapter 3 of the book. The life cycle of the various species of Plasmodium have been incorporated as color plates at the end of the book; same figures have been illustrated in chapter 4 (Figs. 4.1–4.5) in black and white cartoon diagrams. The life cycle of malaria parasite has been described in chapter 3 (section 3.3). A pictorial representation or a cartoon diagram would have made it more interesting. Table 3.4 elucidates various effective insecticides or larvicides which are currently in use in India in vector control eradication programs. Various national control programs from 1953 onwards implemented for control of malaria have been dealt in a comprehensive manner. Different public health aspects of diagnosis of malaria by rapid diagnostic tests, peripheral smear and treatment protocols have been dealt with in an easy form. Various epidemiological dimensions of malaria have been well covered in chapter 5. The trend of declining malaria cases from 75 million in 1947 to 0.67 million cases in 2017 seems reassuring that malaria can be eradicated from India as some of the southeast Asian countries like Sri Lanka and Maldives have done. Various pathological, physiological and immunological aspects have malaria have been incorporated in the text (chapter 6 and 7). This should be of interest to students of basic pathology and immunology. Pathological changes seen in the spleen, liver, bone marrow, brain and other organ manifestations have been well documented. Last two decades have generated a lot of interest in the immunological aspects of malaria and development of various malaria vaccines.RTS,S/AS01 is a genetically engineered vaccine derived from various protein components of P. falciparum and hepatitis B virus which has been developed and approved in July 2015 after extensive phase III clinical trials. This is available as Mosquirix by GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines. The approval of the vaccine has been for children from 6 wk to 17 mo of age. Chapter 8 deals with diverse clinical manifestations of malaria. The spectrum of clinical manifestations from febrile illness to severe forms of malaria like cerebral malaria, respiratory distress syndrome, hemoglobinuria, renal failure and disseminated intravascular coagulation has been mentioned. This gives an insight into the intricacies of the parasite. Clinical features of malaria in pregnancy and children have been dealt under separate headings. It tells us howmalaria may present in pregnancy with poor outcomes like low birth weight neonates, still births and abortions. Different case summaries have been incorporated in box diagrams to highlight various clinical manifestations. The names of index patients should have been avoided or it may have beenmentioned that the original names have been changed to maintain the privacy of patients. * Dinesh Kaul docdineshkaul@gmail.com
Current Medicine Research and Practice, 2019
Current Medicine Research and Practice, 2019
Abstract Background Tuberculin skin test (Mantoux test) is a known intradermal skin prick test fo... more Abstract Background Tuberculin skin test (Mantoux test) is a known intradermal skin prick test for detection of tubercular infection in children and adult population. A new diagnostic test QuantiFERON-TB (QFT) Gold developed in 2005 and approved by the US Food and Drug Administration has good sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of tubercular infection. Methods In this prospective study, 125 children who were being evaluated for tubercular infection or disease were administered Mantoux test and at the same time a blood sample was drawn for the interferon gamma estimation and evaluated by this new diagnostic assay, i.e., QFT Gold assay. Results Sensitivity and specificity of QFT test calculated was 96.4% and 81% respectively, whereas the negative predictive value and positive predictive value were 91.9% and 90.9% respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the Mantoux test was found to be 89.2% and 59.5% respectively. The Cohen Kappa coefficient between the Mantoux test and QFT Gold assay for diagnosis of tubercular infection was found to be 0.627 (95% confidence interval: 0.474–0.779; p = 0.0001) in our study, indicating a good agreement between the two tests. Conclusion QFT Gold assay is an effective tool in diagnosing tuberculosis infection in a pediatric population. False positive reactions with tuberculin skin test are common as there is cross-reactivity with non-tubercular mycobacteria (NTM) and BCG vaccination. Both sensitivity and specificity of QFT test were better than those of the tuberculin skin test. Therefore, it is better than the tuberculin skin test, and the diagnostic yield is better. However, this test should not be used as gold standard for diagnosis of tubercular disease in children.
Current Medicine Research and Practice, 2017
Current Medicine Research and Practice, 2015