Dr.E Hartung - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Dr.E Hartung
Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology, 2020
Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic life-long condition affecting 0.25% of t... more Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic life-long condition affecting 0.25% of the North American population. Childhood onset IBD is particularly aggressive, with disease often characterised by poor growth, severe unpredictable abdominal pain and frequent school absences. Treatment involves lifelong medications, which do not always resolve symptoms and carry increased cumulative risks of infections, malignancy, or other adverse effects. Exercise has been suggested as a method of ameliorating some of the symptoms associated with IBD. To date, few studies have investigated the role of exercise and physical activity in paediatric IBD patients. Aims We conducted a systematic review assessing the role of exercise and physical activity in paediatric IBD. Methods This Level III systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. An electronic database search of Pubmed, Google Scholar...
Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology, 2020
Survey of Anesthesiology, 1983
Acta vitaminologica et enzymologica, 1982
Incremental doses of vitamin B1 were injected into patients with myocardial and pulmonary insuffi... more Incremental doses of vitamin B1 were injected into patients with myocardial and pulmonary insufficiency treated in the post-operative period in the ICU (intensive care unit) after repairment of abdominal aneurysm. Compared to the control situation thiamine in a total dose of 50 mg/Kg induced a rise of blood pressure by at least 20 mmHg and a moderate elevation of central venous pressure by 3 mmHg. Heart rate was not affected and the EEG exhibited arousal effects after B1 treatment. It is suggested that in the failing heart with increased sympathetic tone thiamine acts as a mild peripheral vasodilator followed by a diminished pump outflow impedance and a resultant increase in systolic blood pressure. The redistribution of volume to the low pressure side is associated with a rise in central venous pressure. Effects of B1 on the EEG suggest an arousal reaction probably due to an interaction with a neurotransmitter system such as acethylcholine.
Der Anaesthesist, 1984
Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) at present seem to be the most reliable and accurate method... more Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) at present seem to be the most reliable and accurate method for the investigation of compounds modulating pain sensation. Besides detecting changes in the duration and the potency of action of analgesics, their possible site of action in the sensory pathways may be derived by this method. In ten trials using two trained canines the efficacy and the duration of action of a new and short acting opioid, alfentanil was evaluated on SEP using cumulative doses (3, 30, 60, 120 micrograms/kg). Concomitantly arterial blood gases were analyzed for possible respiratory depressant effects. The results demonstrate that alfentanil induces a short lasting suppression of the N100 peak as well as a latency change of the N140 peak to N220, the latter lasting for more than 80 min. These effects saturate at doses higher than 30 micrograms/kg. The significant change in arterial blood gases - a fall in PaO2 and an increase in PaCO2 - are most prominent with 30 microg...
International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology, 1985
The pharmacokinetics of Alfentanil, a new short acting analgesic, and Etomidate, a very short act... more The pharmacokinetics of Alfentanil, a new short acting analgesic, and Etomidate, a very short acting hypnotic compound, were studied in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. Anesthesia was induced by bolus i.v. injection of Alfentanil and Etomidate, whereas the maintenance was performed by continuous infusion of Etomidate and repetitive i.v. injections of Alfentanil. The kinetics of the analgesic can be described by a two-compartment model; the elimination half-life has a mean value of 64.8 +/- 38.5 min. No cumulation of the drug was seen in spite of multiple injections. Concerning Etomidate it is not clear whether one or two compartments are needed. The mean elimination half-life is 29.4 +/- 6.2 min. The results suggest a possible shortening of the half-life of Etomidate in the presence of Alfentanil.
Der Anaesthesist, 1986
Due to its predictable duration of action, its low volume of distribution in the organism (muscle... more Due to its predictable duration of action, its low volume of distribution in the organism (muscle, fat tissue, skin) and a corresponding low terminal elimination half life (t 1/2 beta), alfentanil seems suitable for use as the last dose of opioid given during NLA. In order to compare the efficacy of this regimen, patients (n = 10) during routine-NLA (induction 0.3 mg/kg etomidate, 140 micrograms/kg droperidol, 5 micrograms/kg fentanyl with a maintenance dose of 2 micrograms/kg when necessary and mechanical N2 O/O2 = 2:1 ventilation) received alfentanil (20 micrograms/kg) as the last opioid, while another set of patients (n = 5) received fentanyl (1.5 micrograms/kg). For recording of vigilance continuous EEG power spectra were derived (position Fpz--C3), and in addition minute volume was monitored postoperatively. After the last dose of the opioid, alfentanil--and fentanyl--blood plasma levels were determined every 10 min over a period of 100 min Vigilance, i.e. the sensitivity of th...
Acta vitaminologica et enzymologica, 1980
Isolated papillary muscles of cats were exposed to increasing concentrations of thiamine during w... more Isolated papillary muscles of cats were exposed to increasing concentrations of thiamine during which the contractile response of myocardium to stimulation were measured. The results indicate that thiamine has no direct negative inotropic effect on the isolated heart muscle over a wide concentration range (0.1-1 mmol/l). Higher concentrations resulted in a concentration-related depression of all variables. The data indicate that thiamine in high doses as sometimes used in anesthesia (greater than 50 mg/kg) does not inhibit the contractile state of the myocardium. Blood pressure falls after massive doses of intravenous vitamin B1 are probably due to the synaptic blockade which is induced by the compound.
Life Sciences, 1983
Suppression of evoked potentials of the EEG are indicators of analgesia. Tifluadom induces latenc... more Suppression of evoked potentials of the EEG are indicators of analgesia. Tifluadom induces latency changes which are reversed by the kappa-antagonist Mr 2266. Naloxone reverses peak suppression which indicates an additional interaction with the my-opioid-receptor. The specific benzodiazepine antagonist Ro 15-1788 is not effective in reversing peak-changes. Therefore nociceptive stimuli are modulated by tifluadom not only through the interaction with kappa- but also with my-opioid-receptors.
Water Science and Technology, 2001
The odor emissions from two different housing systems were determined during three fattening peri... more The odor emissions from two different housing systems were determined during three fattening periods from October 1999 to November 2000 by analyzing weekly samples by means of dynamic olfactometry. The objects of the investigations were a standard housing system with fully slatted floor and forced ventilation (FF) compared with a kennel housing system with natural shaft ventilation (KN) in parallel operation. Only little data but with a wide range of odor emission values are available from the literature and these are difficult to compare and interpret, because of missing standards in presenting the results and experimental conditions. Therefore minimum requirements for measuring odor emissions from livestock buildings have been derived. In the scope of the measurements during the first two fattening periods (October 1999 to June 2000), no differences in odor emissions could be determined with mean values related to the livestock units (1 LU = 500 kg life weight) of 85 (FF) / 87 (KN...
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, 2020
Background The role of faecal microbiota transplant (FMT) for the treatment of ulcerative colitis... more Background The role of faecal microbiota transplant (FMT) for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) has been reported across 4 randomised-controlled trials (RCT) in adults. Promising data have emerged from small, open-label paediatric case series and case reports but a proper blinded, placebo-controlled RCT has not been described in children. We report results from the first multicentre RCT of FMT in paediatric UC patients, conducted over 36 months in Ontario and Quebec, Canada. Methods We enrolled 25 children, ages 4–17 years old with active UC across two tertiary IBD clinics. Patients had active inflammation and remained on stable doses of medication at entry. Blinded participants received enemas containing healthy donor stool (active) or normal saline (placebo), 2×/week for 6 weeks. Faecal calprotectin (fCal), C-reactive protein (CRP), and paediatric ulcerative colitis activity index (PUCAI) scores were compared between groups during intervention, and at four follow-up time po...
Water Science and Technology, 2004
The widely fluctuating operating conditions in pig husbandry, due to climatic and biological chan... more The widely fluctuating operating conditions in pig husbandry, due to climatic and biological changes (changes in temperature and air flowrate between day and night, as well as between summer and winter, increasing animal mass during the fattening process, etc.) exert a significant influence on the amount of actual odour emission. The project presented here comprised the measurement of seasonal (fattening course), daytime-related, and short-term (feeding) dynamic effects of odour release, as well as the identification of potential factors which influence the amount of odour emitted. In parallel with “classic” olfactometry, an electronic odour sensor with a chemosensor array of ten metal oxide sensors was employed. The highest odour emissions are measured on hot summer days, while the lowest emissions were determined on cold winter days. On the one hand, the sensor signals of the electronic odour sensor exhibited considerable differences on days with large volume flow alterations. On ...
Klinische Neurophysiologie, 1982
Udder Health and Communication, 2011
The use of bedding conditioners is recommended within mastitis control programmes by some udder h... more The use of bedding conditioners is recommended within mastitis control programmes by some udder health services. The intention is to alter pH and moisture content and thus reduce infectious pressure caused by mastitis pathogens in bedding material. Although previous studies showed limited effects, even new conditioners are developed and placed in the market, supported by reports on reduction of bacterial counts under laboratory conditions and increase of pH in bedding material. Therefore, in our study two commercially available conditioners were tested with regard to their effects on pH, dry matter and bacterial counts in chopped straw and on bacterial contamination of teats in a free stall barn. For each experiment two groups of 25 cows were allocated in a cross-over design: one group served as control, in the other group bedding material was treated according to manufacturer’s instructions. Treatments were changed after 3 weeks. Teats were sampled by swabbing 1 cm2 of two teats per cow at the beginning of the study, and after 3 and 6 weeks each. Counts of coliforms, staphylococci, and streptococci were determined by use of selective media and related to visual contamination. Bedding samples were collected from 8 boxes per group in weekly intervals and tested for pH, dry matter and bacterial counts. Results were related to stall usage, which was observed 4 times per day. The results are currently evaluated but first evaluations show only small effects of the tested conditioners on the parameters determined. Our study may contribute to the discussion how to communicate results to farmers and to ensure that only measures based on scientific evidence are applied.
Journal of dairy science, 2010
Information about constituents of milk and visual alterations can be used for management support ... more Information about constituents of milk and visual alterations can be used for management support in improving mastitis detection, monitoring fertility and reproduction, and adapting individual diets. Numerous sensors that gather this information are either currently available or in development. Nevertheless, there is still a need to adapt these sensors to special requirements of on-farm utilization such as robustness, calibration and maintenance, costs, operating cycle duration, and high sensitivity and specificity. This paper provides an overview of available sensors, ongoing research, and areas of application for analysis of milk constituents. Currently, the recognition of abnormal milk and the control of udder health is achieved mainly by recording electrical conductivity and changes in milk color. Further indicators of inflammation were recently investigated either to satisfy the high specificity necessary for automatic separation of milk or to create reliable alarm lists. Likew...
Anästhesie, Intensivtherapie, Notfallmedizin, 1982
Acta anaesthesiologica Belgica, 1982
Due to its advantageous properties the volatile anesthetic enflurane is used as the main agent fo... more Due to its advantageous properties the volatile anesthetic enflurane is used as the main agent for all routine open heart cases in our department. The technique consists of the induction of the heavely premedicated patient with fentanyl (10 micrograms/kg i.v.) followed by pancuroniumbromide (100 micrograms/kg i.v.). For the maintenance of anesthesia, i.e. before, during, and after cardio-pulmonary bypass, enflurane together with nitrous-oxide (up to 66%) is used, in a concentration between 1.0-2.0 vol%. Compared to other volatile anesthetics we foster a technique with enflurane because it has following advantages: 1. Less negative inotropic effect on the myocardium. 2. Less tendency for ventricular arrhythmia. 3. Fast onset of action. 4. Fast recovery from the anesthetic state. 5. Spontaneous post-operative respiration. 6. Lesser incidence of toxic hepatitis (Acta anaesth. belg., 1982, 33, 141-155).
Acta anaesthesiologica Belgica, 1984
Nalbuphine, chemically related to naloxone however, with mixed agonist-antagonist activity, was c... more Nalbuphine, chemically related to naloxone however, with mixed agonist-antagonist activity, was considered to be of clinical interest in reversing opioid anesthesia. In an open-end study 15 patients (mean age 40 years) undergoing orthopedic surgery received nalbuphine (0.1 mg/kg) after fentanyl (total dose 17.4 micrograms/kg over a mean of 95 min). In order to establish the state of vigilance, continuous EEG-recording of the posterior region of the cortex (P3-O1) was done with the aid of power spectral analysis using fast Fourier transformation (FFT). Additionally blood pressure and heart rate were measured. The observed effects were compared with the awake unpremedicated preoperative state. In the EEG nalbuphine reversed the anesthesia-related increase in power in the delta (0.25-4 Hz) and decrease in alpha (8-12 Hz), beta 3 (20-25 Hz) and beta 4 (25-32 Hz) domain. After the 45th minute delta significantly increased while power in the beta-band unsignificantly dropped. Power in the...
Acta anaesthesiologica Belgica, 1983
In 22 patients alfentanil-etomidate anesthesia was used for orthopedic procedures using for the i... more In 22 patients alfentanil-etomidate anesthesia was used for orthopedic procedures using for the induction period 300 micrograms/kg of the hypnotic and 100 micrograms/kg of the opioid. Maintenance of anesthesia consisted of 20 micrograms/kg of alfentanil given every 15 min and 20 micrograms/kg/min of etomidate given over an infusion. The patients were intubated and mechanically ventilated with pure oxygen. In order to access the state of vigilance with respect to etomidate and alfentanil plasma levels, EEG power spectra were computed from electrical cortical activity of the occipital region (P3-O1); respectively venous blood samples were assayed by means of gas chromatography for alfentanil and etomidate plasma concentration. In the EEG power spectrum, anesthesia replaced the high dominant alpha-peaks of the control-awake period by a disharmonious pattern over the whole frequency range (0.5-16.0 Hz). At the end of anesthesia vigilance recording indicated a correlation with plasma eto...
EEG-EMG Zeitschrift für Elektroenzephalographie, Elektromyographie und verwandte Gebiete, 1982
In order to determine the importance of opioid peptides in the central control of wakefulness, th... more In order to determine the importance of opioid peptides in the central control of wakefulness, the synthetic analogue of Met-Enkephalin, FK 33-824 (d-Ala-2-Phe-Met-(O)-ol-Enkephalin) which is more resistant to enzymatic degradation, was perfused in increasing concentrations (20, 100, 200, and 400 micgrograms/ml) through the fourth cerebral ventricle of the conscious dog. In the EEG (Power-spectral density in continuous acquisition) high concentrations (200--400 micgrograms/ml) induce slowing (theta--delta) with overlying beta-activity. This was reflected in the animals behaviour resulting in a sleep-like state which in spite of the administration of high doses of the antagonist Naloxone (100 micrograms/kg i.v.) sustained for 12 hours. A simultaneously dose-related respiratory depression (drop in arterial pO2 and an increase in arterial pCO2) was reversed by Naloxone. It is concluded that the opioid peptide FK 33-824 induces EEG-slowing which is mediated by a subpopulation of opiate-...
Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology, 2020
Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic life-long condition affecting 0.25% of t... more Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic life-long condition affecting 0.25% of the North American population. Childhood onset IBD is particularly aggressive, with disease often characterised by poor growth, severe unpredictable abdominal pain and frequent school absences. Treatment involves lifelong medications, which do not always resolve symptoms and carry increased cumulative risks of infections, malignancy, or other adverse effects. Exercise has been suggested as a method of ameliorating some of the symptoms associated with IBD. To date, few studies have investigated the role of exercise and physical activity in paediatric IBD patients. Aims We conducted a systematic review assessing the role of exercise and physical activity in paediatric IBD. Methods This Level III systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. An electronic database search of Pubmed, Google Scholar...
Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology, 2020
Survey of Anesthesiology, 1983
Acta vitaminologica et enzymologica, 1982
Incremental doses of vitamin B1 were injected into patients with myocardial and pulmonary insuffi... more Incremental doses of vitamin B1 were injected into patients with myocardial and pulmonary insufficiency treated in the post-operative period in the ICU (intensive care unit) after repairment of abdominal aneurysm. Compared to the control situation thiamine in a total dose of 50 mg/Kg induced a rise of blood pressure by at least 20 mmHg and a moderate elevation of central venous pressure by 3 mmHg. Heart rate was not affected and the EEG exhibited arousal effects after B1 treatment. It is suggested that in the failing heart with increased sympathetic tone thiamine acts as a mild peripheral vasodilator followed by a diminished pump outflow impedance and a resultant increase in systolic blood pressure. The redistribution of volume to the low pressure side is associated with a rise in central venous pressure. Effects of B1 on the EEG suggest an arousal reaction probably due to an interaction with a neurotransmitter system such as acethylcholine.
Der Anaesthesist, 1984
Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) at present seem to be the most reliable and accurate method... more Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) at present seem to be the most reliable and accurate method for the investigation of compounds modulating pain sensation. Besides detecting changes in the duration and the potency of action of analgesics, their possible site of action in the sensory pathways may be derived by this method. In ten trials using two trained canines the efficacy and the duration of action of a new and short acting opioid, alfentanil was evaluated on SEP using cumulative doses (3, 30, 60, 120 micrograms/kg). Concomitantly arterial blood gases were analyzed for possible respiratory depressant effects. The results demonstrate that alfentanil induces a short lasting suppression of the N100 peak as well as a latency change of the N140 peak to N220, the latter lasting for more than 80 min. These effects saturate at doses higher than 30 micrograms/kg. The significant change in arterial blood gases - a fall in PaO2 and an increase in PaCO2 - are most prominent with 30 microg...
International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology, 1985
The pharmacokinetics of Alfentanil, a new short acting analgesic, and Etomidate, a very short act... more The pharmacokinetics of Alfentanil, a new short acting analgesic, and Etomidate, a very short acting hypnotic compound, were studied in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. Anesthesia was induced by bolus i.v. injection of Alfentanil and Etomidate, whereas the maintenance was performed by continuous infusion of Etomidate and repetitive i.v. injections of Alfentanil. The kinetics of the analgesic can be described by a two-compartment model; the elimination half-life has a mean value of 64.8 +/- 38.5 min. No cumulation of the drug was seen in spite of multiple injections. Concerning Etomidate it is not clear whether one or two compartments are needed. The mean elimination half-life is 29.4 +/- 6.2 min. The results suggest a possible shortening of the half-life of Etomidate in the presence of Alfentanil.
Der Anaesthesist, 1986
Due to its predictable duration of action, its low volume of distribution in the organism (muscle... more Due to its predictable duration of action, its low volume of distribution in the organism (muscle, fat tissue, skin) and a corresponding low terminal elimination half life (t 1/2 beta), alfentanil seems suitable for use as the last dose of opioid given during NLA. In order to compare the efficacy of this regimen, patients (n = 10) during routine-NLA (induction 0.3 mg/kg etomidate, 140 micrograms/kg droperidol, 5 micrograms/kg fentanyl with a maintenance dose of 2 micrograms/kg when necessary and mechanical N2 O/O2 = 2:1 ventilation) received alfentanil (20 micrograms/kg) as the last opioid, while another set of patients (n = 5) received fentanyl (1.5 micrograms/kg). For recording of vigilance continuous EEG power spectra were derived (position Fpz--C3), and in addition minute volume was monitored postoperatively. After the last dose of the opioid, alfentanil--and fentanyl--blood plasma levels were determined every 10 min over a period of 100 min Vigilance, i.e. the sensitivity of th...
Acta vitaminologica et enzymologica, 1980
Isolated papillary muscles of cats were exposed to increasing concentrations of thiamine during w... more Isolated papillary muscles of cats were exposed to increasing concentrations of thiamine during which the contractile response of myocardium to stimulation were measured. The results indicate that thiamine has no direct negative inotropic effect on the isolated heart muscle over a wide concentration range (0.1-1 mmol/l). Higher concentrations resulted in a concentration-related depression of all variables. The data indicate that thiamine in high doses as sometimes used in anesthesia (greater than 50 mg/kg) does not inhibit the contractile state of the myocardium. Blood pressure falls after massive doses of intravenous vitamin B1 are probably due to the synaptic blockade which is induced by the compound.
Life Sciences, 1983
Suppression of evoked potentials of the EEG are indicators of analgesia. Tifluadom induces latenc... more Suppression of evoked potentials of the EEG are indicators of analgesia. Tifluadom induces latency changes which are reversed by the kappa-antagonist Mr 2266. Naloxone reverses peak suppression which indicates an additional interaction with the my-opioid-receptor. The specific benzodiazepine antagonist Ro 15-1788 is not effective in reversing peak-changes. Therefore nociceptive stimuli are modulated by tifluadom not only through the interaction with kappa- but also with my-opioid-receptors.
Water Science and Technology, 2001
The odor emissions from two different housing systems were determined during three fattening peri... more The odor emissions from two different housing systems were determined during three fattening periods from October 1999 to November 2000 by analyzing weekly samples by means of dynamic olfactometry. The objects of the investigations were a standard housing system with fully slatted floor and forced ventilation (FF) compared with a kennel housing system with natural shaft ventilation (KN) in parallel operation. Only little data but with a wide range of odor emission values are available from the literature and these are difficult to compare and interpret, because of missing standards in presenting the results and experimental conditions. Therefore minimum requirements for measuring odor emissions from livestock buildings have been derived. In the scope of the measurements during the first two fattening periods (October 1999 to June 2000), no differences in odor emissions could be determined with mean values related to the livestock units (1 LU = 500 kg life weight) of 85 (FF) / 87 (KN...
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, 2020
Background The role of faecal microbiota transplant (FMT) for the treatment of ulcerative colitis... more Background The role of faecal microbiota transplant (FMT) for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) has been reported across 4 randomised-controlled trials (RCT) in adults. Promising data have emerged from small, open-label paediatric case series and case reports but a proper blinded, placebo-controlled RCT has not been described in children. We report results from the first multicentre RCT of FMT in paediatric UC patients, conducted over 36 months in Ontario and Quebec, Canada. Methods We enrolled 25 children, ages 4–17 years old with active UC across two tertiary IBD clinics. Patients had active inflammation and remained on stable doses of medication at entry. Blinded participants received enemas containing healthy donor stool (active) or normal saline (placebo), 2×/week for 6 weeks. Faecal calprotectin (fCal), C-reactive protein (CRP), and paediatric ulcerative colitis activity index (PUCAI) scores were compared between groups during intervention, and at four follow-up time po...
Water Science and Technology, 2004
The widely fluctuating operating conditions in pig husbandry, due to climatic and biological chan... more The widely fluctuating operating conditions in pig husbandry, due to climatic and biological changes (changes in temperature and air flowrate between day and night, as well as between summer and winter, increasing animal mass during the fattening process, etc.) exert a significant influence on the amount of actual odour emission. The project presented here comprised the measurement of seasonal (fattening course), daytime-related, and short-term (feeding) dynamic effects of odour release, as well as the identification of potential factors which influence the amount of odour emitted. In parallel with “classic” olfactometry, an electronic odour sensor with a chemosensor array of ten metal oxide sensors was employed. The highest odour emissions are measured on hot summer days, while the lowest emissions were determined on cold winter days. On the one hand, the sensor signals of the electronic odour sensor exhibited considerable differences on days with large volume flow alterations. On ...
Klinische Neurophysiologie, 1982
Udder Health and Communication, 2011
The use of bedding conditioners is recommended within mastitis control programmes by some udder h... more The use of bedding conditioners is recommended within mastitis control programmes by some udder health services. The intention is to alter pH and moisture content and thus reduce infectious pressure caused by mastitis pathogens in bedding material. Although previous studies showed limited effects, even new conditioners are developed and placed in the market, supported by reports on reduction of bacterial counts under laboratory conditions and increase of pH in bedding material. Therefore, in our study two commercially available conditioners were tested with regard to their effects on pH, dry matter and bacterial counts in chopped straw and on bacterial contamination of teats in a free stall barn. For each experiment two groups of 25 cows were allocated in a cross-over design: one group served as control, in the other group bedding material was treated according to manufacturer’s instructions. Treatments were changed after 3 weeks. Teats were sampled by swabbing 1 cm2 of two teats per cow at the beginning of the study, and after 3 and 6 weeks each. Counts of coliforms, staphylococci, and streptococci were determined by use of selective media and related to visual contamination. Bedding samples were collected from 8 boxes per group in weekly intervals and tested for pH, dry matter and bacterial counts. Results were related to stall usage, which was observed 4 times per day. The results are currently evaluated but first evaluations show only small effects of the tested conditioners on the parameters determined. Our study may contribute to the discussion how to communicate results to farmers and to ensure that only measures based on scientific evidence are applied.
Journal of dairy science, 2010
Information about constituents of milk and visual alterations can be used for management support ... more Information about constituents of milk and visual alterations can be used for management support in improving mastitis detection, monitoring fertility and reproduction, and adapting individual diets. Numerous sensors that gather this information are either currently available or in development. Nevertheless, there is still a need to adapt these sensors to special requirements of on-farm utilization such as robustness, calibration and maintenance, costs, operating cycle duration, and high sensitivity and specificity. This paper provides an overview of available sensors, ongoing research, and areas of application for analysis of milk constituents. Currently, the recognition of abnormal milk and the control of udder health is achieved mainly by recording electrical conductivity and changes in milk color. Further indicators of inflammation were recently investigated either to satisfy the high specificity necessary for automatic separation of milk or to create reliable alarm lists. Likew...
Anästhesie, Intensivtherapie, Notfallmedizin, 1982
Acta anaesthesiologica Belgica, 1982
Due to its advantageous properties the volatile anesthetic enflurane is used as the main agent fo... more Due to its advantageous properties the volatile anesthetic enflurane is used as the main agent for all routine open heart cases in our department. The technique consists of the induction of the heavely premedicated patient with fentanyl (10 micrograms/kg i.v.) followed by pancuroniumbromide (100 micrograms/kg i.v.). For the maintenance of anesthesia, i.e. before, during, and after cardio-pulmonary bypass, enflurane together with nitrous-oxide (up to 66%) is used, in a concentration between 1.0-2.0 vol%. Compared to other volatile anesthetics we foster a technique with enflurane because it has following advantages: 1. Less negative inotropic effect on the myocardium. 2. Less tendency for ventricular arrhythmia. 3. Fast onset of action. 4. Fast recovery from the anesthetic state. 5. Spontaneous post-operative respiration. 6. Lesser incidence of toxic hepatitis (Acta anaesth. belg., 1982, 33, 141-155).
Acta anaesthesiologica Belgica, 1984
Nalbuphine, chemically related to naloxone however, with mixed agonist-antagonist activity, was c... more Nalbuphine, chemically related to naloxone however, with mixed agonist-antagonist activity, was considered to be of clinical interest in reversing opioid anesthesia. In an open-end study 15 patients (mean age 40 years) undergoing orthopedic surgery received nalbuphine (0.1 mg/kg) after fentanyl (total dose 17.4 micrograms/kg over a mean of 95 min). In order to establish the state of vigilance, continuous EEG-recording of the posterior region of the cortex (P3-O1) was done with the aid of power spectral analysis using fast Fourier transformation (FFT). Additionally blood pressure and heart rate were measured. The observed effects were compared with the awake unpremedicated preoperative state. In the EEG nalbuphine reversed the anesthesia-related increase in power in the delta (0.25-4 Hz) and decrease in alpha (8-12 Hz), beta 3 (20-25 Hz) and beta 4 (25-32 Hz) domain. After the 45th minute delta significantly increased while power in the beta-band unsignificantly dropped. Power in the...
Acta anaesthesiologica Belgica, 1983
In 22 patients alfentanil-etomidate anesthesia was used for orthopedic procedures using for the i... more In 22 patients alfentanil-etomidate anesthesia was used for orthopedic procedures using for the induction period 300 micrograms/kg of the hypnotic and 100 micrograms/kg of the opioid. Maintenance of anesthesia consisted of 20 micrograms/kg of alfentanil given every 15 min and 20 micrograms/kg/min of etomidate given over an infusion. The patients were intubated and mechanically ventilated with pure oxygen. In order to access the state of vigilance with respect to etomidate and alfentanil plasma levels, EEG power spectra were computed from electrical cortical activity of the occipital region (P3-O1); respectively venous blood samples were assayed by means of gas chromatography for alfentanil and etomidate plasma concentration. In the EEG power spectrum, anesthesia replaced the high dominant alpha-peaks of the control-awake period by a disharmonious pattern over the whole frequency range (0.5-16.0 Hz). At the end of anesthesia vigilance recording indicated a correlation with plasma eto...
EEG-EMG Zeitschrift für Elektroenzephalographie, Elektromyographie und verwandte Gebiete, 1982
In order to determine the importance of opioid peptides in the central control of wakefulness, th... more In order to determine the importance of opioid peptides in the central control of wakefulness, the synthetic analogue of Met-Enkephalin, FK 33-824 (d-Ala-2-Phe-Met-(O)-ol-Enkephalin) which is more resistant to enzymatic degradation, was perfused in increasing concentrations (20, 100, 200, and 400 micgrograms/ml) through the fourth cerebral ventricle of the conscious dog. In the EEG (Power-spectral density in continuous acquisition) high concentrations (200--400 micgrograms/ml) induce slowing (theta--delta) with overlying beta-activity. This was reflected in the animals behaviour resulting in a sleep-like state which in spite of the administration of high doses of the antagonist Naloxone (100 micrograms/kg i.v.) sustained for 12 hours. A simultaneously dose-related respiratory depression (drop in arterial pO2 and an increase in arterial pCO2) was reversed by Naloxone. It is concluded that the opioid peptide FK 33-824 induces EEG-slowing which is mediated by a subpopulation of opiate-...