Dr. Ezzeldin Aly - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Dr. Ezzeldin Aly
European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 2014
Obesity in the U.S. is a problem that is beginning to grow large in our children‘s lives. The sol... more Obesity in the U.S. is a problem that is beginning to grow large in our children‘s lives. The solution to this problem is centered in three areas; the help of the community, health education, and consumer education. The two main factors casing childhood obesity is eating high fat, high protein foods along with a serious sedentary lifestyle. Childhood obesity in the United State is a rising epidemic, a serious health crisis, and is steadily increasing because it seems that people refuse to change for the good of the nation. Since the last decade the percentage of children being obese has increased steadily. The cause of this is a poor nutrition and physical activity and the plan is to get back to how it used to be, if not better. Children in the U.S. are eating more processed foods at home and there is less physical activity and sports at school. While children are developing bad habits when they are young, they are likely to turn into an adult who is obese and has bad habits. This i...
European Scientific Journal ESJ
Egypt has been long reflected as one of the most attractive countries to visit because of its his... more Egypt has been long reflected as one of the most attractive countries to visit because of its historical treasure. Egypt also has remarkable athletic performances in the world championship and the Olympics. Egypt's first recent Olympic gold medal was during the Athens Olympic Games. However, fans' attendance at individual sporting events was not equivalent to fan presence at team sports. Related studies about fans' who participate in different sporting events focused on men's sports, team sports, and professional sports (Armstrong, 2007). The sports development pyramid model by Casey (1988), designed to analyze the stages of sports development, was used to understand more about the association of the significance of specific factors that Influence fans', and fan attendance at different individual sporting events in Egypt. A survey initially designed by the researchers was used to collect insights from seven (7) sports journalists, and twenty-seven (27) national team head coaches from different countries, who attended the African and the Arab games held in Cairo, Egypt. The results showed a significant relationship between fan attendance and individual sporting events, public relations, social media, cultural, and the actions of the Egyptian National Governing Bodies (ENGB). The result of this study further suggests the importance of implementing marketing strategies to promote individual sport.
European Scientific Journal, ESJ
Woods (2016, p. 311) stated “For centuries, sports participated in assigning a limited role to wo... more Woods (2016, p. 311) stated “For centuries, sports participated in assigning a limited role to women by excluding them from participation and resisting efforts to include them.” Women have had to struggle when it comes to sport leadership positions. Women are not usually found in higher level jobs in sport, but they tend to have positions in lower management or lower profile positions. This study is a compilation of research into how people within collegiate athletics in the United States feel about women’s employment status in the field. A pilot interview was created and administered to three women: an athletic director, an athlete, and a professor at Florida A &M University. A surveywas created and administered to 30 subjects that have careers in sport leadership positions. The questions were divided into five categories consisting of representation, coaching, equal pay, and team sports. The survey showed that there are mixed feelings in the profession. Two-thirds of the subjects ...
The International Journal of Educational Organization and Leadership
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS MANAGEMENT
Many sports produce countless amounts of injuries in players. Some injuries may last for a lifesp... more Many sports produce countless amounts of injuries in players. Some injuries may last for a lifespan. It raises the question as to why there are so many injuries, and what are best practices to recover from an injury. Is there any way an injury can be prevented? The model for sports injury prevention research follows a conceptual process and describes the incidence of the injury, the mechanism of each injury to be prevented, designing and implementing prevention interventions, and reassessing the injury incidence (Van Mechelen, 1992). This study focused on sport teams at Florida A&M University: Women's softball, volleyball, and basketball; and men's football, baseball, and basketball teams, between the ages 18-24. The research used surveys to investigate details about the injury, source, and type of injuries; and what type of exercises and forms were used while injured. This study will add to the knowledge of common reason for injuries in the athlete's shoulders, knees, and ankles; and will support the need for athletes to pay more attention to their bodies and become more aware of the forms used. If we investigate the cause and strategies to treat injuries in student-athletes, we can develop more efficient prevention and recovery practices.
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
As individuals reach adulthood there is a substantial reduction of participation in physical acti... more As individuals reach adulthood there is a substantial reduction of participation in physical activities. Quality instruction in various physical activities, more specifically aquatics, are beneficial to an individual's health and career. This current study examined college student's perceptions and motivations towards the impact of aquatic instruction and water safety skills. Participants included 265 college students between the ages of 19 and 30 years old (n = 147 males, n = 118 females), enrolled in aquatic-related courses at two Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). Researchers used a mixed-method approach where the findings indicated that 72% of the participants reported the ability to swim, tread water, and float, 78% would enroll in additional aquatic classes, and 82% are willing to learn to swim. Quality aquatic instruction given at HBCUs can help the process of closing the gap of disparities among African Americans and their involvement in aquatics.
The International Journal of Health, Wellness, and Society
The International Journal of Educational Organization and Leadership
The International Journal of Health, Wellness, and Society, 2013
The International Journal of Health, Wellness, and Society, 2011
European Scientific Journal, Sep 19, 2014
‗'A healthy society is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely ... more ‗'A healthy society is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. The enjoyment of highest attainable standard of health in one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, political belief, economic or social condition‖ Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO), 1946. The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) has provided a definition of development as "development of the people for the people by the people" (UNDP, 1993). Egypt has been long considered as one of the most attractive countries to visit because of its historical treasures. Egypt instituted several sport-for-all initiatives in its post-colonial modernization. These included a government sports council in the 1960s and the establishment of a Ministry of Youth and Sports (MYS) in 1999. The MYS oversees national parks and seaside areas as well as a large-scale fitness mobilization walk/jog events. A major goal of MYS was to develop and maintain youth centers in all of Egypt's metropolitan areas that would service young people's needs in mass sport and physical activities(e.g., basketball, soccer, volleyball).With Egyptian population up to 80 million there are projects related to sport-for-all, events, and or organized programs (cooperative or competitive) for large groups , including the general population participating in clubs, on playing fields, in gymnasiums , community centers and community recreation programs around Egypt. These were enough for the future of mass sport participation in a great nation with a great history in sport. The International Sport Management Questionnaire (ISMQ), created by Waters (1996), in order to determine the status of sport development in Egypt it was necessary that the ISMQ be translated in to Arabic. This would ensure that Egyptian's mass sport and activities leaders-all of whom speak Arabic as their-mother tongue‖would have every opportunity to completely understand each of the 51 question as posed specifically for mass sport and activities (and its development) and answer with accuracy, confidence, and reliability. The translation of the ISMQ was carried out by Aly& Elmahdy who are associated with this present study, then distributed to 66 Egyptian mass sport and activities leaders at different youth centers, clubs, recreation departments, in 24 out of 26 cities in Egypt. Raters were asked to provide answers to closed-and openended questions (n=51) on the ISMQ, which ultimately resulted in scoring. (Maximum=33 points) of eight factor components: objectives, legislation, organization, implementation, physical resources, human resources, research and evaluation, and contribution to healthy nation building. Analysis of data was through descriptive statistics (frequency distribution using a histogram graph that shows the frequency distribution of variable to evaluate the mass sport and physical activities distribution). The results showed that Egyptians practice recreation, mass sports and physical activities as a tool to promote health and prevent disease. Running, soccer, and team sports are mostly practiced in the southern part of Egypt while in the north west of the country people mostly practice aquatic sports such as beach volleyball, swimming, surfing, speed boating , fishing ,rowing, scuba diving, sailing, etc. Because of population increases over the
European Scientific Journal, Sep 19, 2014
Obesity in the U.S. is a problem that is beginning to grow large in our children's lives. The sol... more Obesity in the U.S. is a problem that is beginning to grow large in our children's lives. The solution to this problem is centered in three areas; the help of the community, health education, and consumer education. The two main factors casing childhood obesity is eating high fat, high protein foods along with a serious sedentary lifestyle.
European Scientific Journal, Sep 19, 2014
This study examines how managers and coaches manage communication with athletes in team and indiv... more This study examines how managers and coaches manage communication with athletes in team and individual sports. Communication is a process that requires a wide range of skills. We develop verbal and non-verbal communication in various ways. Communication is a critical element in the relationship between coaches and athletes in team and individual sports, and also between managers, referees, scorers, and other officials, yet there is little extant research in sport management that involves direct measures of Development Communication Management (DCM). In this study the researcher is looking for the process of communication which makes message interpretation more reliable. The researcher surveyed over 200 athletes and 14 head coaches in the Wisconsin Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (WIAC) to find some foundations for DCM. To aid the development of communication management with team sports, individual sports, coaches, referees, scorers, and others to enhance the management performance of communication. We looked at ways in this study to increase and make progress in the DCM. The researcher found ways to improve the management of communication before, during and after the sport events. DCM needs to be organized inside the team, so the coaches and managers can communicate effectively with athletes, colleagues, referees, scorers and other officials. Data was collected using two questionnaires designed by the researcherone for coaches and one for athletes-that employed a 5.0 Likert scale. The researcher used MANOVA models to test for significant differences between coaches and athletes, between genders, team, and individual sports. The significance level was set at p^.05. This study found a significant difference between male and female athletes in terms of their use of special gestures or signs during games or competition. On average males were neutral to slightly in agreement regarding the use of special gestures or signs while females were in slight disagreement. With the results related to communication styles, on average female athletes indicated that visual communication is their fastest mode of communication. On the other hand, they indicate that they were in slight disagreement regarding the use of special gestures or signs. This apparent inconsistency was a potential opportunity for DCM. A natural recommendation is to increase the use of special signs and gestures for female athletes. The results from the present study indicate that there are marked differences in communication practices of coaches and athletes and between team and individual sports. The results suggest that to aid in the development of communication management within team sports, coaches and athletes should determine what the fastest mode of communication is. Rather than watching for a visual sign, an athlete may instead be listening for a verbal cue if their coach finds verbal communication to be faster than visual. In this way, the coaches and athletes can progress in DCM. Knowing the best time to communicate will lead to DCM as a coach or manager uses DCM whenever it is necessary and beneficial for the athletes to encourage and motivate the athlete to do their best during their event. There is a significant difference between team and individual athletes in terms of who they communicate with most frequently (p-value < .001). Athletes of team sports agreed that they communicate most with their coaches while athletes of individual sports agreed that they communicate most with their teammates (Turman, Paul; D 2008). However, there are no significant differences between male and female athletes in terms of who they communicate with the most. The researcher found that knowing the best communication development, style and timing between managers and coaches with athletes and officials in the WIAC can serve as a foundation for DCM principles and recommendations and can help promote the NCAA Division 3 conference.
European Scientific Journal, Sep 19, 2014
Obesity in the United States has grown and is becoming a deadly epidemic. Critics point out that ... more Obesity in the United States has grown and is becoming a deadly epidemic. Critics point out that BMI is not useful in the evaluation of health; while convenient; it is not an accurate indicator of true-obesity.‖ BMI is not a direct measure of body composition, but it is rather an index related to height and weight. To evaluate the validity of body mass index (BMI) 13 college baseball players were used as a sample. We measured their BMI and compared this to their Skin Fold norms. The results showed that all the subjects were classified as overweight when using the BMI equation. On the other hand, the skin fold test results indicated only two baseball players were classified with a risk of obesity. Thus, BMI must be considered with other factors and should not be used as a sole measurement of obesity.
European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 2014
Obesity in the U.S. is a problem that is beginning to grow large in our children‘s lives. The sol... more Obesity in the U.S. is a problem that is beginning to grow large in our children‘s lives. The solution to this problem is centered in three areas; the help of the community, health education, and consumer education. The two main factors casing childhood obesity is eating high fat, high protein foods along with a serious sedentary lifestyle. Childhood obesity in the United State is a rising epidemic, a serious health crisis, and is steadily increasing because it seems that people refuse to change for the good of the nation. Since the last decade the percentage of children being obese has increased steadily. The cause of this is a poor nutrition and physical activity and the plan is to get back to how it used to be, if not better. Children in the U.S. are eating more processed foods at home and there is less physical activity and sports at school. While children are developing bad habits when they are young, they are likely to turn into an adult who is obese and has bad habits. This i...
European Scientific Journal ESJ
Egypt has been long reflected as one of the most attractive countries to visit because of its his... more Egypt has been long reflected as one of the most attractive countries to visit because of its historical treasure. Egypt also has remarkable athletic performances in the world championship and the Olympics. Egypt's first recent Olympic gold medal was during the Athens Olympic Games. However, fans' attendance at individual sporting events was not equivalent to fan presence at team sports. Related studies about fans' who participate in different sporting events focused on men's sports, team sports, and professional sports (Armstrong, 2007). The sports development pyramid model by Casey (1988), designed to analyze the stages of sports development, was used to understand more about the association of the significance of specific factors that Influence fans', and fan attendance at different individual sporting events in Egypt. A survey initially designed by the researchers was used to collect insights from seven (7) sports journalists, and twenty-seven (27) national team head coaches from different countries, who attended the African and the Arab games held in Cairo, Egypt. The results showed a significant relationship between fan attendance and individual sporting events, public relations, social media, cultural, and the actions of the Egyptian National Governing Bodies (ENGB). The result of this study further suggests the importance of implementing marketing strategies to promote individual sport.
European Scientific Journal, ESJ
Woods (2016, p. 311) stated “For centuries, sports participated in assigning a limited role to wo... more Woods (2016, p. 311) stated “For centuries, sports participated in assigning a limited role to women by excluding them from participation and resisting efforts to include them.” Women have had to struggle when it comes to sport leadership positions. Women are not usually found in higher level jobs in sport, but they tend to have positions in lower management or lower profile positions. This study is a compilation of research into how people within collegiate athletics in the United States feel about women’s employment status in the field. A pilot interview was created and administered to three women: an athletic director, an athlete, and a professor at Florida A &M University. A surveywas created and administered to 30 subjects that have careers in sport leadership positions. The questions were divided into five categories consisting of representation, coaching, equal pay, and team sports. The survey showed that there are mixed feelings in the profession. Two-thirds of the subjects ...
The International Journal of Educational Organization and Leadership
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS MANAGEMENT
Many sports produce countless amounts of injuries in players. Some injuries may last for a lifesp... more Many sports produce countless amounts of injuries in players. Some injuries may last for a lifespan. It raises the question as to why there are so many injuries, and what are best practices to recover from an injury. Is there any way an injury can be prevented? The model for sports injury prevention research follows a conceptual process and describes the incidence of the injury, the mechanism of each injury to be prevented, designing and implementing prevention interventions, and reassessing the injury incidence (Van Mechelen, 1992). This study focused on sport teams at Florida A&M University: Women's softball, volleyball, and basketball; and men's football, baseball, and basketball teams, between the ages 18-24. The research used surveys to investigate details about the injury, source, and type of injuries; and what type of exercises and forms were used while injured. This study will add to the knowledge of common reason for injuries in the athlete's shoulders, knees, and ankles; and will support the need for athletes to pay more attention to their bodies and become more aware of the forms used. If we investigate the cause and strategies to treat injuries in student-athletes, we can develop more efficient prevention and recovery practices.
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
As individuals reach adulthood there is a substantial reduction of participation in physical acti... more As individuals reach adulthood there is a substantial reduction of participation in physical activities. Quality instruction in various physical activities, more specifically aquatics, are beneficial to an individual's health and career. This current study examined college student's perceptions and motivations towards the impact of aquatic instruction and water safety skills. Participants included 265 college students between the ages of 19 and 30 years old (n = 147 males, n = 118 females), enrolled in aquatic-related courses at two Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). Researchers used a mixed-method approach where the findings indicated that 72% of the participants reported the ability to swim, tread water, and float, 78% would enroll in additional aquatic classes, and 82% are willing to learn to swim. Quality aquatic instruction given at HBCUs can help the process of closing the gap of disparities among African Americans and their involvement in aquatics.
The International Journal of Health, Wellness, and Society
The International Journal of Educational Organization and Leadership
The International Journal of Health, Wellness, and Society, 2013
The International Journal of Health, Wellness, and Society, 2011
European Scientific Journal, Sep 19, 2014
‗'A healthy society is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely ... more ‗'A healthy society is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. The enjoyment of highest attainable standard of health in one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, political belief, economic or social condition‖ Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO), 1946. The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) has provided a definition of development as "development of the people for the people by the people" (UNDP, 1993). Egypt has been long considered as one of the most attractive countries to visit because of its historical treasures. Egypt instituted several sport-for-all initiatives in its post-colonial modernization. These included a government sports council in the 1960s and the establishment of a Ministry of Youth and Sports (MYS) in 1999. The MYS oversees national parks and seaside areas as well as a large-scale fitness mobilization walk/jog events. A major goal of MYS was to develop and maintain youth centers in all of Egypt's metropolitan areas that would service young people's needs in mass sport and physical activities(e.g., basketball, soccer, volleyball).With Egyptian population up to 80 million there are projects related to sport-for-all, events, and or organized programs (cooperative or competitive) for large groups , including the general population participating in clubs, on playing fields, in gymnasiums , community centers and community recreation programs around Egypt. These were enough for the future of mass sport participation in a great nation with a great history in sport. The International Sport Management Questionnaire (ISMQ), created by Waters (1996), in order to determine the status of sport development in Egypt it was necessary that the ISMQ be translated in to Arabic. This would ensure that Egyptian's mass sport and activities leaders-all of whom speak Arabic as their-mother tongue‖would have every opportunity to completely understand each of the 51 question as posed specifically for mass sport and activities (and its development) and answer with accuracy, confidence, and reliability. The translation of the ISMQ was carried out by Aly& Elmahdy who are associated with this present study, then distributed to 66 Egyptian mass sport and activities leaders at different youth centers, clubs, recreation departments, in 24 out of 26 cities in Egypt. Raters were asked to provide answers to closed-and openended questions (n=51) on the ISMQ, which ultimately resulted in scoring. (Maximum=33 points) of eight factor components: objectives, legislation, organization, implementation, physical resources, human resources, research and evaluation, and contribution to healthy nation building. Analysis of data was through descriptive statistics (frequency distribution using a histogram graph that shows the frequency distribution of variable to evaluate the mass sport and physical activities distribution). The results showed that Egyptians practice recreation, mass sports and physical activities as a tool to promote health and prevent disease. Running, soccer, and team sports are mostly practiced in the southern part of Egypt while in the north west of the country people mostly practice aquatic sports such as beach volleyball, swimming, surfing, speed boating , fishing ,rowing, scuba diving, sailing, etc. Because of population increases over the
European Scientific Journal, Sep 19, 2014
Obesity in the U.S. is a problem that is beginning to grow large in our children's lives. The sol... more Obesity in the U.S. is a problem that is beginning to grow large in our children's lives. The solution to this problem is centered in three areas; the help of the community, health education, and consumer education. The two main factors casing childhood obesity is eating high fat, high protein foods along with a serious sedentary lifestyle.
European Scientific Journal, Sep 19, 2014
This study examines how managers and coaches manage communication with athletes in team and indiv... more This study examines how managers and coaches manage communication with athletes in team and individual sports. Communication is a process that requires a wide range of skills. We develop verbal and non-verbal communication in various ways. Communication is a critical element in the relationship between coaches and athletes in team and individual sports, and also between managers, referees, scorers, and other officials, yet there is little extant research in sport management that involves direct measures of Development Communication Management (DCM). In this study the researcher is looking for the process of communication which makes message interpretation more reliable. The researcher surveyed over 200 athletes and 14 head coaches in the Wisconsin Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (WIAC) to find some foundations for DCM. To aid the development of communication management with team sports, individual sports, coaches, referees, scorers, and others to enhance the management performance of communication. We looked at ways in this study to increase and make progress in the DCM. The researcher found ways to improve the management of communication before, during and after the sport events. DCM needs to be organized inside the team, so the coaches and managers can communicate effectively with athletes, colleagues, referees, scorers and other officials. Data was collected using two questionnaires designed by the researcherone for coaches and one for athletes-that employed a 5.0 Likert scale. The researcher used MANOVA models to test for significant differences between coaches and athletes, between genders, team, and individual sports. The significance level was set at p^.05. This study found a significant difference between male and female athletes in terms of their use of special gestures or signs during games or competition. On average males were neutral to slightly in agreement regarding the use of special gestures or signs while females were in slight disagreement. With the results related to communication styles, on average female athletes indicated that visual communication is their fastest mode of communication. On the other hand, they indicate that they were in slight disagreement regarding the use of special gestures or signs. This apparent inconsistency was a potential opportunity for DCM. A natural recommendation is to increase the use of special signs and gestures for female athletes. The results from the present study indicate that there are marked differences in communication practices of coaches and athletes and between team and individual sports. The results suggest that to aid in the development of communication management within team sports, coaches and athletes should determine what the fastest mode of communication is. Rather than watching for a visual sign, an athlete may instead be listening for a verbal cue if their coach finds verbal communication to be faster than visual. In this way, the coaches and athletes can progress in DCM. Knowing the best time to communicate will lead to DCM as a coach or manager uses DCM whenever it is necessary and beneficial for the athletes to encourage and motivate the athlete to do their best during their event. There is a significant difference between team and individual athletes in terms of who they communicate with most frequently (p-value < .001). Athletes of team sports agreed that they communicate most with their coaches while athletes of individual sports agreed that they communicate most with their teammates (Turman, Paul; D 2008). However, there are no significant differences between male and female athletes in terms of who they communicate with the most. The researcher found that knowing the best communication development, style and timing between managers and coaches with athletes and officials in the WIAC can serve as a foundation for DCM principles and recommendations and can help promote the NCAA Division 3 conference.
European Scientific Journal, Sep 19, 2014
Obesity in the United States has grown and is becoming a deadly epidemic. Critics point out that ... more Obesity in the United States has grown and is becoming a deadly epidemic. Critics point out that BMI is not useful in the evaluation of health; while convenient; it is not an accurate indicator of true-obesity.‖ BMI is not a direct measure of body composition, but it is rather an index related to height and weight. To evaluate the validity of body mass index (BMI) 13 college baseball players were used as a sample. We measured their BMI and compared this to their Skin Fold norms. The results showed that all the subjects were classified as overweight when using the BMI equation. On the other hand, the skin fold test results indicated only two baseball players were classified with a risk of obesity. Thus, BMI must be considered with other factors and should not be used as a sole measurement of obesity.