Dr Gulam Saidunnisa Begum - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Dr Gulam Saidunnisa Begum

British journal of medicine and medical research, Jan 10, 2014

Objectives: The main objective of this innovative active learning approach was to increase studen... more Objectives: The main objective of this innovative active learning approach was to increase students interest in basic science subjects and to enhance student participation in acquiring the knowledge in the core and applied aspects of anatomy, physiology and biochemistry. Study Design:Comparative cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study:Ras Al Khaimah medical and health Sciences University, 6months Methodology: It was a comparative cross sectional study to find out whether Quiz competitions are effective teaching learning methodologies. There were 96 students in the class and students were asked to make their groups for the competition. Level of the questions asked in the integrated quiz varied from simple recall, comprehension, to application type from a ll three specialties. Results:A total ninety six students were involved in the study and results of the study showed a statistically significant improvement in the performance of students who have participated in the competition. The study also compared the performance of students who participated in the competition with non-quiz participants and we found that there was a statistically

National journal of clinical anatomy, 2022

Background: Early detection of lipid imbalance should begin in adolescence in order to focus on l... more Background: Early detection of lipid imbalance should begin in adolescence in order to focus on long-term prevention of atherosclerosis by controlling the risk factors. Aim: The present study was, designed to study lipid profile and prevalence of dyslipidemia among the university students in the age group of 19-21 years. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, which was conducted in 126 adolescents age group of 19-21 years university students in Telangana state. After getting permission from institution ethics committee, fasting blood samples were analyzed for lipid profile. Results: Mean serum cholesterol in 126 students was 156.45+ 23.43 mg/dl, mean LDL-C was 89.92+ 22.73 mg/dl, mean VLDL 16.36+ 4.82 mean triglycerides were 81.86+ 24.08 mg/dl and mean HDL-C was 50.13+5.06 mg/dl. The overall results revealed normal. Conclusions: The outcome of this study is most students attending this University, conduct a healthy lifestyle. Consuming a balanced diet, staying hydrated, and getti...

Biomedicine, Jan 10, 2023

Introduction and Aim: Because lifestyle changes and treatments can reduce the incidence of type 2... more Introduction and Aim: Because lifestyle changes and treatments can reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes and coronary vascular diseases (CVD), early detection of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is crucial. Using the new International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria, the study aimed to determine the prevalence of MetS and evaluate the known risk factors. Methods and Materials: The current study was a cross-sectional quantitative study among students of 1 st MBBS in Mahavir Medical College and Hospital, Vikarabad, Telangana, India. The study included 150 students of both genders. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, lipid profile, demographic details, and risk factors were evaluated. Data was processed using SPSS version 20. P-value <0.05 was considered for statistical significance. Results: In total, 148 students aged 19 years (mean age 18±4), were included in the study. Among them, 66 (44.59%) were males and 82 (55.4%) were females. The comprehensive prevalence of (MetS) was 28.35%. Females have a high risk at 37.8% when compared to males at 18.8%. Additionally, a high prevalence of overweight and obesity, high blood pressure, and low HDL were found to be the primary causes of MetS. Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence of metabolic syndrome among medical students in their early years. Unhealthy habits and a lack of awareness could be to blame for this. Hence health education and early detection followed by lifestyle interventions are imperative in the early phase of their medical education to decrease the prevalence.

Cureus

Background Globally billions of people have vision impairment (VI) or blindness, and at least hal... more Background Globally billions of people have vision impairment (VI) or blindness, and at least half of the VI could have been prevented or has yet to be addressed. With the policies focused exclusively on treating ailments, we need to recognize the need to educate the country's population regarding diseases and their outcomes. This is evident in the poor eye donation rates, as documented by the Eye Bank Association of India (EBAI). The National Programme for Prevention of Blindness (NPCB) also advocates the need for active campaigning to promote eye donations and improve the corneal procurement rate by increasing health awareness. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, awareness, and perception regarding eye diseases and eye donation among the rural population of Telangana, South India. Methods A cross-sectional study involving 150 participants who were randomly selected from non-triaged attendants in the outpatient queue at Mahavir institute of medical sciences (MIMS) was included. Trained enumerators used verbally administered, semi-structured questionnaires on their awareness and knowledge of cataracts, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and night blindness. The Chi-square test was applied to determine the statistical significance of the results obtained from the pre-test and post-test. The significance threshold of the p-value was set at <0.05. Results The population studied belonged to a mean age of 34.98 years. The study included 72 (48%) male and 78 (52%) female subjects, and the majority (48.6%) of them belonged to the age range of 21-30 years. More than 85% of subjects belonged to the middle and lower middle class, and the majority (74.7%) were Hindus by religion. Regarding cataracts, 64 (42.7%) did not know, and 86 (57.3%) had varied perceptions. The awareness regarding glaucoma was the least (88.7%) of all common ocular diseases. The study showed a significant association between knowledge of eye diseases and literacy status plus the population's socioeconomic status (p<0.05). A significant association was found to exist between willingness to eye donation and the religion of the study population (p<0.05). Conclusion This study identifies that the awareness regarding various ocular diseases was poor. Moreover, the participants had an alarmingly high misconception regarding different aspects of eye donation. Increasing public awareness is essential to minimize eye diseases, improve eye care, and encourage eye donations.

Cureus

Introduction Infants depend exclusively on mothers' milk for nutrition in their early months of l... more Introduction Infants depend exclusively on mothers' milk for nutrition in their early months of life. However, some infants are given cow/buffalo milk during insufficiency. After six months, the children are supplemented with complementary food, including solid food, to meet the nutritional requirements of a growing infant, a process known as weaning. Therefore, it is important for mothers to have a clear understanding of the nature of food, and the nutritional requirements of the children. This study aimed to understand the knowledge, awareness, and practice of breastfeeding, weaning, and complementary feeding among women. Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire-based observational study was carried out between May and June 2021. The study included 150 women attending the outpatient department of pediatrics attached to Mahavir Institute of Medical Sciences (MIMS), Vikarabad, Telangana, India. After taking the informed consent, the researcher filled out a pre-validated questionnaire based on the subjects' responses. The data regarding sociodemographic details and information regarding knowledge, timing, practices of weaning, knowledge of nutritional requirements, and child feeding practices were collected as a pre-test. An educational briefing of the essentials of child feeding practices, weaning, and dietary requirements was undertaken using chalk and board and audiovisual aids, among others. In the post-test, the knowledge of mothers regarding weaning practices, the importance of weaning, and understanding of the nutritional requirements and their inclusion in a child's diet was assessed. The quantitative data were represented as percentages. The Chi-square test was applied to find out the statistical significance of the results obtained from the study. Results Of the 150 women who participated in the study, the majority belonged to the age group of 18-23 years (66.7%). Most women were illiterate (34%) and only 12% were graduates. More than 70% of the participants belonged to the middle and lower middle class. The majority of participants (96.7%) had carried out exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months, and 63.35% of mothers had initiated weaning their child between the age of 6-12 months. Only 37.4% of mothers started breastfeeding within hours after the delivery. A combination of all foods (36%), rice/wheat (29%), processed food (18.8%), fruits and vegetables (9.2%), and pulses (6.7%) were chosen for weaning. Many felt that eggs and meat supplementation can be done between 12-18 months. Conclusion The knowledge of breastfeeding and best practices of weaning and complementary feeding habits significantly affects the child's growth and overall health. The women in this study had a moderate level of understanding regarding the aspects of breastfeeding, weaning practices, and complementary dietary requirements during weaning.

Cureus

Introduction Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a leading cause of infertility among women thr... more Introduction Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a leading cause of infertility among women throughout the world. PCOS is an endocrine abnormality that presents as hyperandrogenemia, anovulation, and/or polycystic ovaries. The exact causes of PCOS are not entirely understood. However, PCOS may be hereditary and associated with abnormalities such as high body mass index (BMI) and obesity, among others. This study is carried out to assess the prevalence and awareness among adolescents and young girls belonging to South India. Methods This was a prospective study that included 250 adolescent and young girls aged between 13 and 25 years. Demographic details including age, educational status, and family income were collected from all the participants after obtaining informed consent. BMI was measured in all the participants. A pre-test was conducted to assess the level of awareness followed by a 30-minute informative briefing on PCOS. All participants were asked to fill up a post-briefing questionnaire. The data collected were processed using statistical software SPSS 11.0, and the chi-square test was applied to find out the significance of the results. Results Of the total 250 participants included, the mean age was 16.96 years and most participants (78%) belonged to the age group of 13 to 19 years. Most (78%) of the study participants had normal BMI (18-24.9 kg/m 2), 17.6% were underweight (BMI < 18), and 4.4% were overweight (BMI > 25). A PCOS prevalence rate of 6.8% was noted among the study participants. A majority (78.4%) of the study participants were unaware of PCOS, and 6.8% were being treated for PCOS. The source of knowledge of PCOS was majorly teachers (37%), followed by doctors (31.5%), the internet (11%), and friends (7.5%). Lack of information and publicity (63%) were found to be the most significant reason for low levels of awareness. Conclusion PCOS is a common health problem among adolescents and young girls. Most study participants were unaware of the symptoms and management of the condition. Therefore, the disease burden noted in this study does not necessarily depict the real prevalence. Increasing awareness programs will facilitate improved understanding, increased diagnoses, and effective management of PCOS.

The Journal of Community Health Management

Globally breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in females and is a major health problem... more Globally breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in females and is a major health problem. Breast self-examination (BSE) is an important tool for the prevention and maintenance of health. Fostering education and skill training to the women to perform BSE correctly will improve the prognosis and reduce mortality. This study was designed with the objective to evaluate the impact of BSE on school teachers.The study was conducted at RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE. Pretest and post-test research design with convenience sampling technique was used in the present study. The subjects enrolled were 145 school teachers of the age group from 21 to 55 who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Data was collected using a prevalidated structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 24. Pre-and post-intervention results were calculated using paired t-test.There was a significant increase in the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP)scores after p...

Journal of medical pharmaceutical and allied sciences

Interprofessional education (IPE) is preparing health professions students to work as a team in a... more Interprofessional education (IPE) is preparing health professions students to work as a team in a collaborative environment to provide holistic patient care. The objective of this study was to measure the preparedness of faculty and undergraduate health professions students toward Interprofessional education and to evaluate the Interprofessional teaching module delivered by IPTBL pedagogy. A quantitative Pretest-Posttest experimental study design was adopted using homogeneous convenience sampling. An IPE program was developed by IP Team which had three phases, first to measure the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning using (RIPLS) questionnaire, and second, to develop a Learning module for non-communicable disease (Acute coronary syndrome), and the third Implementation of the module using IPTBL pedagogy. Seventy-eight participants volunteered for this IPE program, out of which 48 undergraduate health professions students from medicine and nursing programs and 30 faculties workin...

International Journal of Medical and Health Research, 2020

Background: Subclinical Hypothyroidism is a common endocrinological problem worldwide. The presen... more Background: Subclinical Hypothyroidism is a common endocrinological problem worldwide. The present study is a cross sectional study to determine the prevalence of sub clinical hypothyroidism in adults in rural Telangana. Methods: A total of 91 asymptomatic individuals of both sexes attending OPD of a tertiary health care centre and their willing attendants of the age group of 15 to 60 years were included in the study. Thyroid profile was performed on all of them and results were analysed. Results: out of total of 91 participants 15 females were detected hypothyroidism (subclinical as well as one overt). Subclinical hypothyroidism was the commonest entity encountered, females affected more than males. Conclusions: Subclinical as well as overt hypothyroidisms are significantly common in this part of the Telangana. Screening thyroid profile and specific TSH should be done in patients presenting with undiagnosed fatigue and weight gain.

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder mostly due to hormo... more Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder mostly due to hormonal imbalances. There could be more than one predisposing factors that can contribute for development of PCOS. However there is no literature that explained the association of common factors with PCOS. Material and Methods: We tested few common variables such as family history of PCOS, fast food diet habits, involvement in physical exercise, body mass index and waist circumference of study participants as probable risk factors for development of PCOS. Results: We found that individuals with a positive family history of PCOS [RR 1.07 (CI 0.709-1.619)], fast food diet habits [RR 1.725 (CI 1.014-2.933)], and obesity [RR 1.741 (CI 1.054-2.877)] are at higher risk of PCOS compared to participants without these predisposing factors. Conclusion: Majority of the predisposing factors identified in our study participants were modifiable hence careful monitoring and proper corrective steps may help...

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is growing in prevalence globally, according to the internatio... more Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is growing in prevalence globally, according to the international diabetic federation more than 70.3 million people in Southeast Asian region have diabetes and by 2030 this will rise to 120.9 million. In India alone total of 63.0 million cases of diagnosed diabetes. Fifty percent or more of those with the disease are unaware of their condition. Early detection and treatment reduce the complications of DM. The objective of the study is to assess the risk of development of type 2 DM in rural Vikarabad population attending a tertiary health care hospital by simple scoring system. (Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) questionnaire) Methods: Community based cross sectional study was undertaken on subjects for any health ailment attending the different out-patient departments of Mahavir institute of Medical Sciences– hospital, Vikarabad, Telangana State, India, using Finnish diabetes risk score questionnaire. Results: Out off total 200 participants, T...

Background: This study was conducted to determine the association between s serum lipids among th... more Background: This study was conducted to determine the association between s serum lipids among the three BMI groups (underweight, normal and overweight) in healthy young males and females admitted in a private medical college. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted over a period of 4 months (2017) on a sample of 127 conveniently selected medical students between 1720 years of age, comprising of first year undergraduates in Mahavir medical college and hospital Vikarabad Results: The total participants were 127 healthy young students males and females admitted in a private medical college Based on the value of BMI, subjects were classified as underweight (BMI < 19 kg/m2), normal weight (BMI 19–26 kg/m2), Overweight (BMI>26kg/m) Mean serum cholesterol in 127 students was 158.57 ± 26 mg/dl, mean LDL-C was 92.64 ±25.9 mg/dl, mean HDL-C was 16.43±4.93 mg/dl and mean triglycerides were 82.18 ±24.7 mg/dl. The mean BMI of students was 21.1 kg/m ±4.1. Among 127 students, 33 w...

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2016

Biochemistry is one of the basic medical subjects in the first year and is one of the foundation ... more Biochemistry is one of the basic medical subjects in the first year and is one of the foundation sciences for the medical curriculum. Knowledge of Biochemistry is extensively related in the context of clinical disease during medical practice, it needs to be taught and learned efficiently by medical graduates. OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to analyse the perceptions of first year medical students about the didactic lecture and case-based learning, teaching learning methodology in Biochemistry course. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted at RAK College of Medical Sciences (RAKCOMS). About (n=126) first year medical students were administered with 14-item questionnaire to determine their perceptions of students on didactic lecture and casebased learning. Data was analysed using descriptive analysis on SPSS 16. RESULTS As per our study majority of the students expressed their satisfaction that CBL was a useful teaching methodology in understanding the concepts in Biochemistry. Majority felt this method motivated them to critically think in filling the learning gaps and building the concepts. They also had an opinion that this method facilitated interaction between staff and students from different cultures and backgrounds, which helped them developing their inter-and intrapersonal relations. CONCLUSION In conclusion, case-based learning can be good substitute for teaching Biochemistry for first year MBBS students, which can be used alone or in combination with didactic lecture to make the Biochemistry more interesting and understandable to MBBS students. We implemented CBL method of teaching with encouraging and positive results.

International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 2016

This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of structured education programme on the kno... more This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of structured education programme on the knowledge of PCOS among female university students. A validated questionnaire was administered to all the 244 participants to assess the baseline knowledge. The post intervention knowledge scores were assessed by administration of questionnaire again following a structured education programme on PCOS. A statistically significant difference was observed between pre and post intervention knowledge scores with p value 0.000. The knowledge of participants was improved through structured education programme that can play a vital role in prevention and early diagnosis of PCOS. This may also help in effective management of disease thereby preventing many long term complications.

Cureus

Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) represents a pathological condition wherein pregna... more Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) represents a pathological condition wherein pregnant women (PW) suffer from glycemic dysregulation, which predisposes them to an increased risk of developing complications related to pregnancy and childbirth. The most commonly used guidelines to screen for GDM include those provided by the World Health Organization (WHO), the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the Canadian Diabetes Association, and the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group. The Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group India (DIPSI) guidelines are national-level recommendations to screen for GDM in India. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of DIPSI criteria versus the WHO guidelines in screening for GDM among the rural population of Telangana, South India Methods A total of 300 PW aged 19-35 years with a gestational age of 24-28 weeks attending the antenatal clinic attached to Mahavir Institute of Medical Sciences (MIMS), Vikarabad, Telangana, India were included in the study. The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of MIMS, and informed consent was obtained from all the participants. Of the 300 subjects included, 75 PW were categorized as at-risk for GDM based on risk factors and were included for further analysis. The data relating to body mass index (BMI), oral glucose tolerance test, and the diagnosis of GDM based on DIPSI and the WHO criteria were collected. Results Out of the 75 PW included in the study, an overall GDM prevalence of 32% was noted among which 20 (26.7%) were diagnosed using the WHO criteria, 12 (16%) by DIPSI criteria, and the remaining 73.3% were non-GDM women. The mean gestational age and BMI among non-GDM and GDM patients were 24.74±4.15 weeks, 22.24±3.60 kg/m 2 , and 25.70±4.40, 24.48±3.37 kg/m 2 (p<0.01), respectively. The activities of glucose at the second hour after a GTT among non-GDM and GDM cases were 113.70±20.4 mg/dL and 128.04±18.6 mg/dL (p=0.004), respectively. Conclusion DIPSI criteria could identify fewer numbers of GDM women as compared to the WHO criteria. Although the DIPSI criteria are convenient and prescribe less number of interventions, they could possibly miss many cases of GDM. Moreover, PW who remain undiagnosed could, in the future, be at risk of developing diabetes. Based on the study results and because risks should outweigh the benefits, we propose that DIPSI cannot be implemented as a single criterion to screen for GDM among PW in Indian settings.

British journal of medicine and medical research, Jan 10, 2014

Objectives: The main objective of this innovative active learning approach was to increase studen... more Objectives: The main objective of this innovative active learning approach was to increase students interest in basic science subjects and to enhance student participation in acquiring the knowledge in the core and applied aspects of anatomy, physiology and biochemistry. Study Design:Comparative cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study:Ras Al Khaimah medical and health Sciences University, 6months Methodology: It was a comparative cross sectional study to find out whether Quiz competitions are effective teaching learning methodologies. There were 96 students in the class and students were asked to make their groups for the competition. Level of the questions asked in the integrated quiz varied from simple recall, comprehension, to application type from a ll three specialties. Results:A total ninety six students were involved in the study and results of the study showed a statistically significant improvement in the performance of students who have participated in the competition. The study also compared the performance of students who participated in the competition with non-quiz participants and we found that there was a statistically

National journal of clinical anatomy, 2022

Background: Early detection of lipid imbalance should begin in adolescence in order to focus on l... more Background: Early detection of lipid imbalance should begin in adolescence in order to focus on long-term prevention of atherosclerosis by controlling the risk factors. Aim: The present study was, designed to study lipid profile and prevalence of dyslipidemia among the university students in the age group of 19-21 years. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, which was conducted in 126 adolescents age group of 19-21 years university students in Telangana state. After getting permission from institution ethics committee, fasting blood samples were analyzed for lipid profile. Results: Mean serum cholesterol in 126 students was 156.45+ 23.43 mg/dl, mean LDL-C was 89.92+ 22.73 mg/dl, mean VLDL 16.36+ 4.82 mean triglycerides were 81.86+ 24.08 mg/dl and mean HDL-C was 50.13+5.06 mg/dl. The overall results revealed normal. Conclusions: The outcome of this study is most students attending this University, conduct a healthy lifestyle. Consuming a balanced diet, staying hydrated, and getti...

Biomedicine, Jan 10, 2023

Introduction and Aim: Because lifestyle changes and treatments can reduce the incidence of type 2... more Introduction and Aim: Because lifestyle changes and treatments can reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes and coronary vascular diseases (CVD), early detection of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is crucial. Using the new International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria, the study aimed to determine the prevalence of MetS and evaluate the known risk factors. Methods and Materials: The current study was a cross-sectional quantitative study among students of 1 st MBBS in Mahavir Medical College and Hospital, Vikarabad, Telangana, India. The study included 150 students of both genders. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, lipid profile, demographic details, and risk factors were evaluated. Data was processed using SPSS version 20. P-value <0.05 was considered for statistical significance. Results: In total, 148 students aged 19 years (mean age 18±4), were included in the study. Among them, 66 (44.59%) were males and 82 (55.4%) were females. The comprehensive prevalence of (MetS) was 28.35%. Females have a high risk at 37.8% when compared to males at 18.8%. Additionally, a high prevalence of overweight and obesity, high blood pressure, and low HDL were found to be the primary causes of MetS. Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence of metabolic syndrome among medical students in their early years. Unhealthy habits and a lack of awareness could be to blame for this. Hence health education and early detection followed by lifestyle interventions are imperative in the early phase of their medical education to decrease the prevalence.

Cureus

Background Globally billions of people have vision impairment (VI) or blindness, and at least hal... more Background Globally billions of people have vision impairment (VI) or blindness, and at least half of the VI could have been prevented or has yet to be addressed. With the policies focused exclusively on treating ailments, we need to recognize the need to educate the country's population regarding diseases and their outcomes. This is evident in the poor eye donation rates, as documented by the Eye Bank Association of India (EBAI). The National Programme for Prevention of Blindness (NPCB) also advocates the need for active campaigning to promote eye donations and improve the corneal procurement rate by increasing health awareness. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, awareness, and perception regarding eye diseases and eye donation among the rural population of Telangana, South India. Methods A cross-sectional study involving 150 participants who were randomly selected from non-triaged attendants in the outpatient queue at Mahavir institute of medical sciences (MIMS) was included. Trained enumerators used verbally administered, semi-structured questionnaires on their awareness and knowledge of cataracts, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and night blindness. The Chi-square test was applied to determine the statistical significance of the results obtained from the pre-test and post-test. The significance threshold of the p-value was set at <0.05. Results The population studied belonged to a mean age of 34.98 years. The study included 72 (48%) male and 78 (52%) female subjects, and the majority (48.6%) of them belonged to the age range of 21-30 years. More than 85% of subjects belonged to the middle and lower middle class, and the majority (74.7%) were Hindus by religion. Regarding cataracts, 64 (42.7%) did not know, and 86 (57.3%) had varied perceptions. The awareness regarding glaucoma was the least (88.7%) of all common ocular diseases. The study showed a significant association between knowledge of eye diseases and literacy status plus the population's socioeconomic status (p<0.05). A significant association was found to exist between willingness to eye donation and the religion of the study population (p<0.05). Conclusion This study identifies that the awareness regarding various ocular diseases was poor. Moreover, the participants had an alarmingly high misconception regarding different aspects of eye donation. Increasing public awareness is essential to minimize eye diseases, improve eye care, and encourage eye donations.

Cureus

Introduction Infants depend exclusively on mothers' milk for nutrition in their early months of l... more Introduction Infants depend exclusively on mothers' milk for nutrition in their early months of life. However, some infants are given cow/buffalo milk during insufficiency. After six months, the children are supplemented with complementary food, including solid food, to meet the nutritional requirements of a growing infant, a process known as weaning. Therefore, it is important for mothers to have a clear understanding of the nature of food, and the nutritional requirements of the children. This study aimed to understand the knowledge, awareness, and practice of breastfeeding, weaning, and complementary feeding among women. Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire-based observational study was carried out between May and June 2021. The study included 150 women attending the outpatient department of pediatrics attached to Mahavir Institute of Medical Sciences (MIMS), Vikarabad, Telangana, India. After taking the informed consent, the researcher filled out a pre-validated questionnaire based on the subjects' responses. The data regarding sociodemographic details and information regarding knowledge, timing, practices of weaning, knowledge of nutritional requirements, and child feeding practices were collected as a pre-test. An educational briefing of the essentials of child feeding practices, weaning, and dietary requirements was undertaken using chalk and board and audiovisual aids, among others. In the post-test, the knowledge of mothers regarding weaning practices, the importance of weaning, and understanding of the nutritional requirements and their inclusion in a child's diet was assessed. The quantitative data were represented as percentages. The Chi-square test was applied to find out the statistical significance of the results obtained from the study. Results Of the 150 women who participated in the study, the majority belonged to the age group of 18-23 years (66.7%). Most women were illiterate (34%) and only 12% were graduates. More than 70% of the participants belonged to the middle and lower middle class. The majority of participants (96.7%) had carried out exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months, and 63.35% of mothers had initiated weaning their child between the age of 6-12 months. Only 37.4% of mothers started breastfeeding within hours after the delivery. A combination of all foods (36%), rice/wheat (29%), processed food (18.8%), fruits and vegetables (9.2%), and pulses (6.7%) were chosen for weaning. Many felt that eggs and meat supplementation can be done between 12-18 months. Conclusion The knowledge of breastfeeding and best practices of weaning and complementary feeding habits significantly affects the child's growth and overall health. The women in this study had a moderate level of understanding regarding the aspects of breastfeeding, weaning practices, and complementary dietary requirements during weaning.

Cureus

Introduction Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a leading cause of infertility among women thr... more Introduction Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a leading cause of infertility among women throughout the world. PCOS is an endocrine abnormality that presents as hyperandrogenemia, anovulation, and/or polycystic ovaries. The exact causes of PCOS are not entirely understood. However, PCOS may be hereditary and associated with abnormalities such as high body mass index (BMI) and obesity, among others. This study is carried out to assess the prevalence and awareness among adolescents and young girls belonging to South India. Methods This was a prospective study that included 250 adolescent and young girls aged between 13 and 25 years. Demographic details including age, educational status, and family income were collected from all the participants after obtaining informed consent. BMI was measured in all the participants. A pre-test was conducted to assess the level of awareness followed by a 30-minute informative briefing on PCOS. All participants were asked to fill up a post-briefing questionnaire. The data collected were processed using statistical software SPSS 11.0, and the chi-square test was applied to find out the significance of the results. Results Of the total 250 participants included, the mean age was 16.96 years and most participants (78%) belonged to the age group of 13 to 19 years. Most (78%) of the study participants had normal BMI (18-24.9 kg/m 2), 17.6% were underweight (BMI < 18), and 4.4% were overweight (BMI > 25). A PCOS prevalence rate of 6.8% was noted among the study participants. A majority (78.4%) of the study participants were unaware of PCOS, and 6.8% were being treated for PCOS. The source of knowledge of PCOS was majorly teachers (37%), followed by doctors (31.5%), the internet (11%), and friends (7.5%). Lack of information and publicity (63%) were found to be the most significant reason for low levels of awareness. Conclusion PCOS is a common health problem among adolescents and young girls. Most study participants were unaware of the symptoms and management of the condition. Therefore, the disease burden noted in this study does not necessarily depict the real prevalence. Increasing awareness programs will facilitate improved understanding, increased diagnoses, and effective management of PCOS.

The Journal of Community Health Management

Globally breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in females and is a major health problem... more Globally breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in females and is a major health problem. Breast self-examination (BSE) is an important tool for the prevention and maintenance of health. Fostering education and skill training to the women to perform BSE correctly will improve the prognosis and reduce mortality. This study was designed with the objective to evaluate the impact of BSE on school teachers.The study was conducted at RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE. Pretest and post-test research design with convenience sampling technique was used in the present study. The subjects enrolled were 145 school teachers of the age group from 21 to 55 who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Data was collected using a prevalidated structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 24. Pre-and post-intervention results were calculated using paired t-test.There was a significant increase in the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP)scores after p...

Journal of medical pharmaceutical and allied sciences

Interprofessional education (IPE) is preparing health professions students to work as a team in a... more Interprofessional education (IPE) is preparing health professions students to work as a team in a collaborative environment to provide holistic patient care. The objective of this study was to measure the preparedness of faculty and undergraduate health professions students toward Interprofessional education and to evaluate the Interprofessional teaching module delivered by IPTBL pedagogy. A quantitative Pretest-Posttest experimental study design was adopted using homogeneous convenience sampling. An IPE program was developed by IP Team which had three phases, first to measure the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning using (RIPLS) questionnaire, and second, to develop a Learning module for non-communicable disease (Acute coronary syndrome), and the third Implementation of the module using IPTBL pedagogy. Seventy-eight participants volunteered for this IPE program, out of which 48 undergraduate health professions students from medicine and nursing programs and 30 faculties workin...

International Journal of Medical and Health Research, 2020

Background: Subclinical Hypothyroidism is a common endocrinological problem worldwide. The presen... more Background: Subclinical Hypothyroidism is a common endocrinological problem worldwide. The present study is a cross sectional study to determine the prevalence of sub clinical hypothyroidism in adults in rural Telangana. Methods: A total of 91 asymptomatic individuals of both sexes attending OPD of a tertiary health care centre and their willing attendants of the age group of 15 to 60 years were included in the study. Thyroid profile was performed on all of them and results were analysed. Results: out of total of 91 participants 15 females were detected hypothyroidism (subclinical as well as one overt). Subclinical hypothyroidism was the commonest entity encountered, females affected more than males. Conclusions: Subclinical as well as overt hypothyroidisms are significantly common in this part of the Telangana. Screening thyroid profile and specific TSH should be done in patients presenting with undiagnosed fatigue and weight gain.

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder mostly due to hormo... more Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder mostly due to hormonal imbalances. There could be more than one predisposing factors that can contribute for development of PCOS. However there is no literature that explained the association of common factors with PCOS. Material and Methods: We tested few common variables such as family history of PCOS, fast food diet habits, involvement in physical exercise, body mass index and waist circumference of study participants as probable risk factors for development of PCOS. Results: We found that individuals with a positive family history of PCOS [RR 1.07 (CI 0.709-1.619)], fast food diet habits [RR 1.725 (CI 1.014-2.933)], and obesity [RR 1.741 (CI 1.054-2.877)] are at higher risk of PCOS compared to participants without these predisposing factors. Conclusion: Majority of the predisposing factors identified in our study participants were modifiable hence careful monitoring and proper corrective steps may help...

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is growing in prevalence globally, according to the internatio... more Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is growing in prevalence globally, according to the international diabetic federation more than 70.3 million people in Southeast Asian region have diabetes and by 2030 this will rise to 120.9 million. In India alone total of 63.0 million cases of diagnosed diabetes. Fifty percent or more of those with the disease are unaware of their condition. Early detection and treatment reduce the complications of DM. The objective of the study is to assess the risk of development of type 2 DM in rural Vikarabad population attending a tertiary health care hospital by simple scoring system. (Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) questionnaire) Methods: Community based cross sectional study was undertaken on subjects for any health ailment attending the different out-patient departments of Mahavir institute of Medical Sciences– hospital, Vikarabad, Telangana State, India, using Finnish diabetes risk score questionnaire. Results: Out off total 200 participants, T...

Background: This study was conducted to determine the association between s serum lipids among th... more Background: This study was conducted to determine the association between s serum lipids among the three BMI groups (underweight, normal and overweight) in healthy young males and females admitted in a private medical college. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted over a period of 4 months (2017) on a sample of 127 conveniently selected medical students between 1720 years of age, comprising of first year undergraduates in Mahavir medical college and hospital Vikarabad Results: The total participants were 127 healthy young students males and females admitted in a private medical college Based on the value of BMI, subjects were classified as underweight (BMI < 19 kg/m2), normal weight (BMI 19–26 kg/m2), Overweight (BMI>26kg/m) Mean serum cholesterol in 127 students was 158.57 ± 26 mg/dl, mean LDL-C was 92.64 ±25.9 mg/dl, mean HDL-C was 16.43±4.93 mg/dl and mean triglycerides were 82.18 ±24.7 mg/dl. The mean BMI of students was 21.1 kg/m ±4.1. Among 127 students, 33 w...

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2016

Biochemistry is one of the basic medical subjects in the first year and is one of the foundation ... more Biochemistry is one of the basic medical subjects in the first year and is one of the foundation sciences for the medical curriculum. Knowledge of Biochemistry is extensively related in the context of clinical disease during medical practice, it needs to be taught and learned efficiently by medical graduates. OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to analyse the perceptions of first year medical students about the didactic lecture and case-based learning, teaching learning methodology in Biochemistry course. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted at RAK College of Medical Sciences (RAKCOMS). About (n=126) first year medical students were administered with 14-item questionnaire to determine their perceptions of students on didactic lecture and casebased learning. Data was analysed using descriptive analysis on SPSS 16. RESULTS As per our study majority of the students expressed their satisfaction that CBL was a useful teaching methodology in understanding the concepts in Biochemistry. Majority felt this method motivated them to critically think in filling the learning gaps and building the concepts. They also had an opinion that this method facilitated interaction between staff and students from different cultures and backgrounds, which helped them developing their inter-and intrapersonal relations. CONCLUSION In conclusion, case-based learning can be good substitute for teaching Biochemistry for first year MBBS students, which can be used alone or in combination with didactic lecture to make the Biochemistry more interesting and understandable to MBBS students. We implemented CBL method of teaching with encouraging and positive results.

International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 2016

This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of structured education programme on the kno... more This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of structured education programme on the knowledge of PCOS among female university students. A validated questionnaire was administered to all the 244 participants to assess the baseline knowledge. The post intervention knowledge scores were assessed by administration of questionnaire again following a structured education programme on PCOS. A statistically significant difference was observed between pre and post intervention knowledge scores with p value 0.000. The knowledge of participants was improved through structured education programme that can play a vital role in prevention and early diagnosis of PCOS. This may also help in effective management of disease thereby preventing many long term complications.

Cureus

Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) represents a pathological condition wherein pregna... more Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) represents a pathological condition wherein pregnant women (PW) suffer from glycemic dysregulation, which predisposes them to an increased risk of developing complications related to pregnancy and childbirth. The most commonly used guidelines to screen for GDM include those provided by the World Health Organization (WHO), the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the Canadian Diabetes Association, and the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group. The Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group India (DIPSI) guidelines are national-level recommendations to screen for GDM in India. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of DIPSI criteria versus the WHO guidelines in screening for GDM among the rural population of Telangana, South India Methods A total of 300 PW aged 19-35 years with a gestational age of 24-28 weeks attending the antenatal clinic attached to Mahavir Institute of Medical Sciences (MIMS), Vikarabad, Telangana, India were included in the study. The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of MIMS, and informed consent was obtained from all the participants. Of the 300 subjects included, 75 PW were categorized as at-risk for GDM based on risk factors and were included for further analysis. The data relating to body mass index (BMI), oral glucose tolerance test, and the diagnosis of GDM based on DIPSI and the WHO criteria were collected. Results Out of the 75 PW included in the study, an overall GDM prevalence of 32% was noted among which 20 (26.7%) were diagnosed using the WHO criteria, 12 (16%) by DIPSI criteria, and the remaining 73.3% were non-GDM women. The mean gestational age and BMI among non-GDM and GDM patients were 24.74±4.15 weeks, 22.24±3.60 kg/m 2 , and 25.70±4.40, 24.48±3.37 kg/m 2 (p<0.01), respectively. The activities of glucose at the second hour after a GTT among non-GDM and GDM cases were 113.70±20.4 mg/dL and 128.04±18.6 mg/dL (p=0.004), respectively. Conclusion DIPSI criteria could identify fewer numbers of GDM women as compared to the WHO criteria. Although the DIPSI criteria are convenient and prescribe less number of interventions, they could possibly miss many cases of GDM. Moreover, PW who remain undiagnosed could, in the future, be at risk of developing diabetes. Based on the study results and because risks should outweigh the benefits, we propose that DIPSI cannot be implemented as a single criterion to screen for GDM among PW in Indian settings.