Dr Hanafy - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Dr Hanafy

Research paper thumbnail of Synthesis, characterization, and molecular docking analysis of novel benzimidazole derivatives as cholinesterase inhibitors

Bioorganic Chemistry, 2013

Two series of novel acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors conta... more Two series of novel acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors containing benzimidazole core structure were synthesized by a four-step reaction pathway starting from 4-fluoro-3-nitrobenzoic acid as the basic compound. The structure of the novel benzimidazoles was characterized and confirmed by the elemental and mass spectral analyses as well as (1)H NMR spectroscopic data. Of the 34 novel synthesized compounds, three benzimidazoles revealed AChE inhibition with IC50<10 μM. The highest inhibitory activity (IC50=5.12 μM for AChE and IC50=8.63 μM for BChE) corresponds to the compound 5IIc (ethyl 1-(3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-5-carboxylate). The relationship between lipophilicity and the chemical structures as well as their limited structure-activity relationship was discussed.

Research paper thumbnail of Novel grafted hydrogel for Iron and ammonia removal from ground water, synthesis and computational chemistry study

Researches are moving to iron and ammonia elimination from ground water. Here, we are using poly ... more Researches are moving to iron and ammonia elimination from ground water. Here, we are using poly acrylic–poly acrylamide hydrogel which grafted with 3-chloroaniline. This copolymer was synthesized by addition polymerization. Effect of agitation time, dosage and adsorbents temperature on the removal process sensitivity has been investigated. The copolymer was described experientially and theoretically. Isothermal, kinetic adsorption models and were discussed. This hydrogel could be regenerated efficiently (98.3%removal of iron and 100% removal of ammonia). Density functional theory DFT method using B3LYP/6-311G(d,p),LANL2DZ level of the theory were managed to investigate stationary states of grafted co-polymer and the complexation energy of the hydrogel with the studied cations. NBO analysis is using DFT to investigate the negative centers on the hydrogel. The complexation energy showed selectively of hydrogel to studied cations.

Research paper thumbnail of Bio-composite Thermal Insulation Materials Based on Banana Leaves Fibers and Polystyrene: Physical and Thermal Performance

Journal of Natural Fibers, 2021

Thermal insulators have a crucial role in reducing the operational building energy. They are comm... more Thermal insulators have a crucial role in reducing the operational building energy. They are commonly fabricated from petrochemical materials that mostly cause negative environmental impacts. This ...

Research paper thumbnail of Hydrothermal synthesis and mechanically activated zeolite material for utilizing the removal of Ca/Mg from aqueous and raw groundwater

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2021

Abstract Synthetic zeolite and mechanically activated natural clinoptilolite were characterized a... more Abstract Synthetic zeolite and mechanically activated natural clinoptilolite were characterized as water softener materials for efficient removal of Ca/Mg total hardness from aqueous solutions and raw groundwater. The studied materials showed very high adsorption capacity and the adsorption capability of the natural zeolite significantly enhanced with boosting the activation time by 2 h (296 mg/g), 4 h (367 mg/g), 6 h (392 mg/g), and 8 h (450 mg/g) in order. The kinetic scientific studies showed that the adsorption equilibrium might be achieved afterward 60 minutes for activated natural zeolites and after 90 min for synthetic zeolite. The adsorption process using the synthetic type follow pseudo-second-ordering kinetic (R2= 0.95) while the mechanically activated clinoptilolite follow Elovich kinetic (R2 > 0.85). The adsorption process utilizing synthetic zeolite-A fitted well with the Langmuir model (R2 > 0.99) and occurred in a monolayer form, while the uptake of Ca/Mg total hardness utilizing mechanical activated natural zeolite fitted well with Freundlich model (R2 ≥ 0.95) and occurs in a multilayer form. Thermodynamic studies from 298 K up to 323 K indicate spontaneous endothermic adsorption of Ca/Mg total hardness using all the zeolitic products. The adsorption by synthetic zeolite as well as activated or the activated natural zeolite has been high pH dependent and the performed tests at pH 6 achieved the best values. Lastly, the mechanically activated synthetic zeolite along with natural zeolite display increased efficiency or effectiveness in the elimination of Ca/Mg total hardness and other water pollutants from groundwater.

Research paper thumbnail of Density functional theory calculations on the grafting copolymerization of 2-substituted aniline onto chitosan

Polymer Bulletin, 2019

Chitosan is a biodegradable natural polymer which is safe and non-toxic and used in different app... more Chitosan is a biodegradable natural polymer which is safe and non-toxic and used in different applications. Grafting of chitosan with aniline derivatives is an important route to improve its properties. Chitosan has different active groups that can be blocked in the grafting process, which could be confirmed by calculation studies. The author thinks that the confirmation of chitosan active group included in the grafting by calculations is not given before. So authors give evidence to the direction of grafting and mechanism. Poly(2-methylaniline) (P2-MA), poly(2-hydroxyaniline) (P2-HA) and their copolymers are used in the present study. Quantum mechanics calculations using density functional theory were applied to study the grafting process. The obtained data reveal that grafting occurs at NH2 groups, which is less energetic (2.04). This conclusion confirms the experimental studies. Computational calculations show that the interaction between chitosan and both P2-MA and P2-HA takes place at the NH2 group of chitosan with high stabilization energy (− 1346.7746). A complete next-to-leading order (NLO) values show that the graft could be a better candidate for NLO application (42.25 kcal mol−1) global properties (hardness). Also, the grafting process gives high reactive products due to a decrease in band gap energy.

Research paper thumbnail of Titanium dioxide nanoribbons/multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposite blended polyethersulfone membrane for brackish water desalination

Desalination, 2018

A series of titanium dioxide nanoribbons (TNRs)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/polyethers... more A series of titanium dioxide nanoribbons (TNRs)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/polyethersulfone (PES) blend membranes with different proportions of TNRs/MWCNTs were synthesized via phase inversion method. The nanocomposite (TNRs/MWCNTs) prepared by hydrothermal method followed by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) used for characterizing the nanocomposite. The characterization revealed that the nanocomposite consists of a single phase of TiO 2-B and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The mass ratio of TNRs/MWCNTs is 1:1. The morphology of TiO 2-B is a nanoribbons structure with porous pits on its surface. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) grow on these nanoribbons and form a network structure-like. The influence of nanocomposite incorporation on the morphology, porosity, contact angle, mechanical properties, and performance of the prepared membranes was investigated as a function of pure water flux and salt rejection %. The hydrophilicity is increased by increasing the nanocomposite content whereas the contact angle and porosity decreased. The SEM images showed that the spongy-like structure of bare-PES is changed by incorporation of TNRs/MWCNTs to a macro-void structure. The nanocomposite reinforces and enhances the mechanical properties of the synthesized membranes. The tensile strength increased from 45.7 to 96.6 kg/cm 2 by blending 0.5 wt% TNRs/MWCNTs. Also, the incorporation of TNRs/MWCNTs increases the ac electrical properties of the membrane regarding the conductivity (σ), dielectric constant (έ) and

Research paper thumbnail of Cleaning of Wastewater from Total Coliform Using Chitosan–Grafted–Poly(2-methylaniline)

Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 2018

The preparation and characterization of a low-cost solid materials chitosan-graft-poly(2-methylan... more The preparation and characterization of a low-cost solid materials chitosan-graft-poly(2-methylaniline) as anti-coliform present in wastewater are confirmed by FTIR, TGA, XRD and SEM. The preparation is performed using ammonium persulphate as an oxidant. The data reveals that the grafting process enhances the efficiency of both chitosan and homo-poly(2methylaniline) to remove coliform present in wastewater. The used wastewater contains 1600 colonies on testing total coliform using classical membrane filter techniques. The total coliform present in wastewater becomes zero by using 50 ppm of the graft, 100 ppm of chitosan and 1000 ppm of poly(2-methylaniline).

Research paper thumbnail of Facile polyacrylamide graft based on poly (2-chloroaniline) silver nano-composites as antimicrobial

International Journal of Polymeric Materials and Polymeric Biomaterials, 2018

Series of polymers based on the grafting of polyacrylamide with both poly(2-methoxyaniline) P2-Me... more Series of polymers based on the grafting of polyacrylamide with both poly(2-methoxyaniline) P2-MeOANI and poly(2-chloroaniline) P2-ClANI were synthesized by the oxidative chemical grafting copolymerization of individually 2-methoxyaniline (2-MeOANI) and 2-chloroaniline (2-ClANI) onto polyacrylamide (PACM). The grafting was performed in aqueous hydrochloric acid solution (HCl) using ammonium persulfate (APS) as oxidant. The optimum conditions of the grafting based on the yield was achieved. The obtained polymer samples at optimum conditions were assembling on colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The obtained polymer samples and their AgNPs were characterized by UV-visible & IR spectroscopy, EM, TEM & TGA to confirm the suggested structure of obtained polymers. The efficiency of the prepared polymeric samples to using as anti-microbial including as sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) was investigated.

Research paper thumbnail of Spectroscopic Study on Poly(Acrylic Acid-Co-Acrylamide)-Graft–Polyaniline as a Radiation Dosimeter for Alpha Particles

Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 2017

Poly(acrylate-co-acrylamide) was a synthesis by chemical oxidation polymerization of an aqueous b... more Poly(acrylate-co-acrylamide) was a synthesis by chemical oxidation polymerization of an aqueous binary mixture of acrylate/acrylamide (1:1 mole ratio) using ammonium persulphate as an initiator at 70°C under the nitrogen atmosphere. The obtained copolymer was introduced for grafting with polyaniline. The grafting process was performed by chemical oxidation polymerization of aniline using ammonium persulphate as an initiator in hydrochloric acid media at 40°C under the nitrogen atmosphere. Poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)-graft-polyaniline samples irradiated with (alpha-particles) at different irradiation doses (0, 2.33, 8.73, 13.09 and 17.46 Gy) at the same linear energy transfer. The change in the morphology, optical properties and the energy gap of poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)-graft-polyaniline samples were studied.

Research paper thumbnail of Oxygen Plask-TLC Microdetermination of Binary and Ternary Mixtures of Hg(II), Cu(II) and Cd in their Organic Compounds and Some Pharmaceutical Preparations

Analytical Letters, 1994

Binary and ternary mixtures of the organic compounds of the title elements are decomposed either ... more Binary and ternary mixtures of the organic compounds of the title elements are decomposed either by wet digestion in the Kjeldahl flasks or through combustion in the oxygen flask using 1:1 HNO3 soln. as absorbent and Pt gauze as sample holder. An aliquot of 15 μl of each decomposed mixture is separated on thin layer plate, using silica gel (G

Research paper thumbnail of Fabrication of facile polymeric nanocomposites based on chitosan-gr-P2-aminothiophenol for biomedical applications

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2020

Fabrication of facile polymeric nanocomposites based on chitosan-gr-P2-aminothiophenol for biomed... more Fabrication of facile polymeric nanocomposites based on chitosan-gr-P2-aminothiophenol for biomedical applications,

Research paper thumbnail of A Creation of Poly(N-2-hydroxyethylaniline-co-2-chloroaniline) for Corrosion Control of Mild Steel in Acidic Medium

Journal of Bio- and Tribo-Corrosion, 2020

The current work discusses the synthesis and characterization of two homopolymers poly(N-2-hydrox... more The current work discusses the synthesis and characterization of two homopolymers poly(N-2-hydroxyethylaniline) (PNHEANI), poly(2-chloroaniline) (P2ClANI), and a copolymer of poly(N-2-hydroxyethylaniline-co-2-chloroaniline) (PNHEANI-co-PClANI). PNHEANI-co-PClANI is chemically synthesized using ammonium persulfate as an oxidant in an acidic medium at room temperature under N 2 atmosphere. All created polymers are characterized by IR spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, and TGA analysis. The efficiency, for all the created polymers as a coating on steel in acidic medium, is performed and is well compared. Corrosion and impedance fitting parameters reveal that the prepared polymers under investigation are good corrosion inhibitors and in the following order: PNHEANI ≈ PNHEANI-co-P2ClANI > P2ClANI.

Research paper thumbnail of Preparation and spectroscopic properties, density functional theory calculations and nonlinear optical properties of poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)-graft-polyaniline

Journal of Molecular Structure, 2018

Poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)-graft-Polyaniline was synthesized via chemical oxidation polyme... more Poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)-graft-Polyaniline was synthesized via chemical oxidation polymerization using ammonium persulphate as initiator at 40 0 C under N 2 atmosphere. The prepared poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)graft-Polyaniline was characterized by different analytical tools. The apparent activation energy of grafting reaction was calculated and found to be 48.7753kJ/mol. Also, ∆H*and ∆S* as thermodynamic parameters for activation were calculated which equal to 46.4300 k J/mol. and-14.0379 J/mol. K respectively. The optimized structures of the graft (one, two and three units or (monomer, dimer and trimer) were theoretically investigated at the B3LYP/6-311G level. The geometry of the graft are non-planar as indicated from the values of dihedral angles. The global properties of hardness, global softness and electronegativity were calculated. The calculated small energy gap between highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energies shows that charge transfer occurs within the graft compound. The molecular electrostatic potential for the graft was investigated. The obtained total static dipole moment, mean polarizability, anisotropy of polarizability and mean first-order hyperpolarizability (<β>) were compared with those of urea as a reference material. The results for <β> showed that the graft is excellent candidates as nonlinear optical materials.

Research paper thumbnail of Preparation and characterization of novel and selective polyacrylamide-graft-poly(2-methoxyaniline) adsorbent for lead removal

Polymer Bulletin, 2017

Polyacrylamide-graft-poly(2-methoxyaniline) [PACM-gr-P2-MeOANI] was synthesized by the oxidative ... more Polyacrylamide-graft-poly(2-methoxyaniline) [PACM-gr-P2-MeOANI] was synthesized by the oxidative chemical grafting copolymerization of 2-methoxyaniline (2-MeOANI) onto polyacrylamide (PACM). The grafting was performed in aqueous HCl using ammonium persulfate (APS) as oxidant. The optimum conditions of the grafting based on the yield were achieved. The kinetic grafting copolymerization rate equation was given. Also, the thermodynamic activation parameters of the copolymerization reaction are calculated to be E a = 23.3833 kJ mol-1 , DH = 38.7010 KJ mol-1 , DS =-251507 J mol-1 K-1 and DG = 46.1959 kJ mol-1. The obtained polymer samples at optimum conditions were characterized by IR, EM, XRD and TGA to confirm the suggested structure of obtained polymers. The efficiency of the prepared polymeric samples to remove some metal ions from contaminated water was investigated. The obtained graft is a selective adsorbent for Pb(II) ion present in mixture with Mn(II) and Cr(II) ions.

Research paper thumbnail of Kinetic preparation and antibacterial activity of nanocrystalline poly(2-aminothiophenol)

Polymer Bulletin, 2018

Poly(2-aminothiophenol) (PATH) was prepared by oxidative chemical polymerization of 2-aminothioph... more Poly(2-aminothiophenol) (PATH) was prepared by oxidative chemical polymerization of 2-aminothiophenol in aqueous HCl medium using ammonium persulfate as oxidant. The obtained polymer sample was characterized using different techniques. The kinetics of polymerization reaction were investigated. The data show that both initial and overall reaction rates increase with increasing monomer, oxidant and HCl concentrations. Also both initial and overall polymerization reaction rates increase with increasing temperature. The nanostructure of the prepared PATH was fabricated with silver nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized polymer and its nanostructure with silver nanoparticles was studied against sulfate-reducing bacteria. The synthesized polymer and its nanostructure showed good antibacterial activity.

Research paper thumbnail of Removal of Ammonia from Aqueous Solutions, Ground Water, and Wastewater Using Mechanically Activated Clinoptilolite and Synthetic Zeolite-A: Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2017

Natural zeolite clinoptilolite and synthetic zeolite Na-A were characterized using XRD and SEM to... more Natural zeolite clinoptilolite and synthetic zeolite Na-A were characterized using XRD and SEM to be used as adsorbents for ammonia from aqueous solutions, ground water, and sewage water. Clinoptilolite was mechanically activated for 2, 4, 6, and 8 h to study the effect of activation in enhancing the adsorption capacity. The adsorption by activated natural zeolite and synthetic zeolite is high pH dependent and achieve the best values at pH = 7. The adsorption capacity of activated natural zeolite increases with increasing the activation from 2 to 8 h achieving removal percentage close to that obtained using synthetic zeolite. The equilibrium was obtained after 60 min for synthetic zeolite and all the activated natural zeolite (except 2-h-activated product, the equilibrium was achieved after 30 min). The kinetic studies reflected the high fitness of the adsorption results of activated natural zeolite products and synthetic zeolite with pseudo-second-order model rather than the other kinetic models. The obtained isotherms reflected the formation of S-type isotherm curve for the adsorption using mechanically activated clinoptilolite and L-type curve for the uptake using synthetic zeolite. The results represented well with Langmuir model followed by Temkin and Freundlich model for adsorption using synthetic zeolite. The uptake using mechanically activated clinoptilolite can be represented by Temkin model rather than both Langmuir and Freundlich models. Thermodynamic parameters indicate spontaneous endothermic adsorption of ammonia using all the zeolitic products under investigation. Finally, the mechanically activated natural zeolite and synthetic zeolite exhibit high efficiency in the removal of ammonia and other water pollutants from ground water and sewage water.

Research paper thumbnail of Enhancing both the mechanical and chemical properties of paper sheet by graft co-polymerization with acrylonitrile/methyl methacrylate

Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2014

The chemical graft copolymerization reaction of acrylonitrile (AN) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) ... more The chemical graft copolymerization reaction of acrylonitrile (AN) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) binary mixture onto paper sheet was performed. The effect of initiator concentration, monomer concentration and temperature on the reaction rate was studied. The reaction rate equation of the graft copolymerization reaction is found to be RP ¼ K2 [Initiator]0.795[Monomer]2.007. The apparent activation energy (Ea) of the copolymerization reaction is found to be 75.01 kJ/mol. The infrared characteristic absorption bands for cellulosic paper structure and the paper gr-AN-MMA are investigated. Tensile break load, porosity and burst strength were measured for the grafted and pure paper sheet. It was found that the mechanical properties are improved by grafting copolymerization. The chemical resistance of the graft product against a strong acid a strong alkali, polar and nonpolar solvents was investigated. It was found that the resistance to these chemicals is enhanced by grafting.

Research paper thumbnail of Kinetic studies of the chemical polymerization of substituted aniline in aqueous solutions and characterization of the polymer obtained Part 1. 3-Chloroaniline

Polymer International, 2001

Aqueous polymerization of 3-chloroaniline (mCA) was studied using sodium dichromate as oxidant in... more Aqueous polymerization of 3-chloroaniline (mCA) was studied using sodium dichromate as oxidant in the presence of hydrochloric acid. The effect of hydrochloric acid, sodium dichromate and monomer concentration on the polymerization rate, speci®c viscosity of the obtained polymer and ac conductivity was investigated. The initial and overall reaction rates increase with increasing hydrochloric acid concentration or sodium dichromate concentration, but decrease with increasing monomer concentration. The speci®c viscosity values (h sp) increase with increasing hydrochloric acid concentration or monomer concentration, which means that the molecular weight of the polymer samples increases accordingly. On the contrary, the molecular weight decreases with increasing sodium dichromate concentration. The highest ac conductivity value of the obtained polymer was found for 0.0255 mol l À1 of Na 2 Cr 2 O 7 , 0.8 mol l À1 HCl and 0.0956 mol l À1 monomer concentration in the reaction medium. The order of the polymerization reaction with respect to hydrochloric acid, Na 2 Cr 2 O 7 and monomer concentration was found to be 1.0, 0.9 and 0.75, respectively. The apparent activation energy (E a) for this polymerization system was found to be 13.674 Â 10 4 mol À1. The obtained poly(3-chloroaniline) was characterized by UV±visible, IR and 1 H NMR spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction analysis and electron microscopy studies were carried out. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) results were used to con®rm the structure.

Research paper thumbnail of Graft polymerization of acrylonitrile onto paper and characterization of the grafted product

Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2010

Graft Polymerization of Acrylonitrile onto Paper and Characterization of the Grafted Product SM S... more Graft Polymerization of Acrylonitrile onto Paper and Characterization of the Grafted Product SM Sayyah, HM Abd El-Salam, AB Khaliel, EH Mohamed Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Polymer Research Laboratory, Beni Suef University, 62514 Beni-Suef City, Egypt ...

Research paper thumbnail of Aqueous oxidative polymerization of 3-methoxyaniline and characterization of its polymer

International Journal of Polymeric Materials and Polymeric Biomaterials, 2002

The aqueous polymerization of 3-methoxyaniline (3-OMeA) was studied using sodium dichromate as ox... more The aqueous polymerization of 3-methoxyaniline (3-OMeA) was studied using sodium dichromate as oxidant in presence of hydrochloric acid. The effect of hydrochloric acid, sodium dichromate, monomer concentration and reaction temperature on the polymerization rate, specific viscosity of the obtained polymer and a.c.conductivity was investigated. The initial and overall reaction rates increase with the increasing of hydrochloric acid concentration, reaction temperature or sodium dichromate concentration but decrease with the increasing of the monomer concentration. The specific viscosity values increase with the increasing of the hydrochloric acid concentration or the monomer concentration which means that the molecular weight of the polymer samples increases in the same direction. But the molecular weight decreases with the increase of both sodium dichromate concentration and reaction temperature. The highest a.c.conductivity value of the obtained polymers was found when 0.0205 g mol/L of Na 2 Cr 2 O 7 , 0.8 g mol/L HCI and 0.0821 g mol/L of monomer were used in the reaction medium at 5°C, the electrical conductivity and dielectric constant of this polymer sample were investigated as a function of temperature. The order of the polymerization reaction with respect to hydrochloric acid, Na 2 Cr 2 O 7 and monomer concentration was found to be 0.85, 1.36 and 0.74 respectively. The apparent activation energy (E a ) for this polymerization system was found to be 7.656 2 10 4 J/mol. The obtained poly(3-methoxyaniline) was characterized by UV-visible and IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and electron microscopic studies. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) results were used for the confirmation of the suggested structure.

Research paper thumbnail of Synthesis, characterization, and molecular docking analysis of novel benzimidazole derivatives as cholinesterase inhibitors

Bioorganic Chemistry, 2013

Two series of novel acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors conta... more Two series of novel acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors containing benzimidazole core structure were synthesized by a four-step reaction pathway starting from 4-fluoro-3-nitrobenzoic acid as the basic compound. The structure of the novel benzimidazoles was characterized and confirmed by the elemental and mass spectral analyses as well as (1)H NMR spectroscopic data. Of the 34 novel synthesized compounds, three benzimidazoles revealed AChE inhibition with IC50&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;10 μM. The highest inhibitory activity (IC50=5.12 μM for AChE and IC50=8.63 μM for BChE) corresponds to the compound 5IIc (ethyl 1-(3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-5-carboxylate). The relationship between lipophilicity and the chemical structures as well as their limited structure-activity relationship was discussed.

Research paper thumbnail of Novel grafted hydrogel for Iron and ammonia removal from ground water, synthesis and computational chemistry study

Researches are moving to iron and ammonia elimination from ground water. Here, we are using poly ... more Researches are moving to iron and ammonia elimination from ground water. Here, we are using poly acrylic–poly acrylamide hydrogel which grafted with 3-chloroaniline. This copolymer was synthesized by addition polymerization. Effect of agitation time, dosage and adsorbents temperature on the removal process sensitivity has been investigated. The copolymer was described experientially and theoretically. Isothermal, kinetic adsorption models and were discussed. This hydrogel could be regenerated efficiently (98.3%removal of iron and 100% removal of ammonia). Density functional theory DFT method using B3LYP/6-311G(d,p),LANL2DZ level of the theory were managed to investigate stationary states of grafted co-polymer and the complexation energy of the hydrogel with the studied cations. NBO analysis is using DFT to investigate the negative centers on the hydrogel. The complexation energy showed selectively of hydrogel to studied cations.

Research paper thumbnail of Bio-composite Thermal Insulation Materials Based on Banana Leaves Fibers and Polystyrene: Physical and Thermal Performance

Journal of Natural Fibers, 2021

Thermal insulators have a crucial role in reducing the operational building energy. They are comm... more Thermal insulators have a crucial role in reducing the operational building energy. They are commonly fabricated from petrochemical materials that mostly cause negative environmental impacts. This ...

Research paper thumbnail of Hydrothermal synthesis and mechanically activated zeolite material for utilizing the removal of Ca/Mg from aqueous and raw groundwater

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2021

Abstract Synthetic zeolite and mechanically activated natural clinoptilolite were characterized a... more Abstract Synthetic zeolite and mechanically activated natural clinoptilolite were characterized as water softener materials for efficient removal of Ca/Mg total hardness from aqueous solutions and raw groundwater. The studied materials showed very high adsorption capacity and the adsorption capability of the natural zeolite significantly enhanced with boosting the activation time by 2 h (296 mg/g), 4 h (367 mg/g), 6 h (392 mg/g), and 8 h (450 mg/g) in order. The kinetic scientific studies showed that the adsorption equilibrium might be achieved afterward 60 minutes for activated natural zeolites and after 90 min for synthetic zeolite. The adsorption process using the synthetic type follow pseudo-second-ordering kinetic (R2= 0.95) while the mechanically activated clinoptilolite follow Elovich kinetic (R2 > 0.85). The adsorption process utilizing synthetic zeolite-A fitted well with the Langmuir model (R2 > 0.99) and occurred in a monolayer form, while the uptake of Ca/Mg total hardness utilizing mechanical activated natural zeolite fitted well with Freundlich model (R2 ≥ 0.95) and occurs in a multilayer form. Thermodynamic studies from 298 K up to 323 K indicate spontaneous endothermic adsorption of Ca/Mg total hardness using all the zeolitic products. The adsorption by synthetic zeolite as well as activated or the activated natural zeolite has been high pH dependent and the performed tests at pH 6 achieved the best values. Lastly, the mechanically activated synthetic zeolite along with natural zeolite display increased efficiency or effectiveness in the elimination of Ca/Mg total hardness and other water pollutants from groundwater.

Research paper thumbnail of Density functional theory calculations on the grafting copolymerization of 2-substituted aniline onto chitosan

Polymer Bulletin, 2019

Chitosan is a biodegradable natural polymer which is safe and non-toxic and used in different app... more Chitosan is a biodegradable natural polymer which is safe and non-toxic and used in different applications. Grafting of chitosan with aniline derivatives is an important route to improve its properties. Chitosan has different active groups that can be blocked in the grafting process, which could be confirmed by calculation studies. The author thinks that the confirmation of chitosan active group included in the grafting by calculations is not given before. So authors give evidence to the direction of grafting and mechanism. Poly(2-methylaniline) (P2-MA), poly(2-hydroxyaniline) (P2-HA) and their copolymers are used in the present study. Quantum mechanics calculations using density functional theory were applied to study the grafting process. The obtained data reveal that grafting occurs at NH2 groups, which is less energetic (2.04). This conclusion confirms the experimental studies. Computational calculations show that the interaction between chitosan and both P2-MA and P2-HA takes place at the NH2 group of chitosan with high stabilization energy (− 1346.7746). A complete next-to-leading order (NLO) values show that the graft could be a better candidate for NLO application (42.25 kcal mol−1) global properties (hardness). Also, the grafting process gives high reactive products due to a decrease in band gap energy.

Research paper thumbnail of Titanium dioxide nanoribbons/multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposite blended polyethersulfone membrane for brackish water desalination

Desalination, 2018

A series of titanium dioxide nanoribbons (TNRs)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/polyethers... more A series of titanium dioxide nanoribbons (TNRs)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/polyethersulfone (PES) blend membranes with different proportions of TNRs/MWCNTs were synthesized via phase inversion method. The nanocomposite (TNRs/MWCNTs) prepared by hydrothermal method followed by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) used for characterizing the nanocomposite. The characterization revealed that the nanocomposite consists of a single phase of TiO 2-B and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The mass ratio of TNRs/MWCNTs is 1:1. The morphology of TiO 2-B is a nanoribbons structure with porous pits on its surface. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) grow on these nanoribbons and form a network structure-like. The influence of nanocomposite incorporation on the morphology, porosity, contact angle, mechanical properties, and performance of the prepared membranes was investigated as a function of pure water flux and salt rejection %. The hydrophilicity is increased by increasing the nanocomposite content whereas the contact angle and porosity decreased. The SEM images showed that the spongy-like structure of bare-PES is changed by incorporation of TNRs/MWCNTs to a macro-void structure. The nanocomposite reinforces and enhances the mechanical properties of the synthesized membranes. The tensile strength increased from 45.7 to 96.6 kg/cm 2 by blending 0.5 wt% TNRs/MWCNTs. Also, the incorporation of TNRs/MWCNTs increases the ac electrical properties of the membrane regarding the conductivity (σ), dielectric constant (έ) and

Research paper thumbnail of Cleaning of Wastewater from Total Coliform Using Chitosan–Grafted–Poly(2-methylaniline)

Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 2018

The preparation and characterization of a low-cost solid materials chitosan-graft-poly(2-methylan... more The preparation and characterization of a low-cost solid materials chitosan-graft-poly(2-methylaniline) as anti-coliform present in wastewater are confirmed by FTIR, TGA, XRD and SEM. The preparation is performed using ammonium persulphate as an oxidant. The data reveals that the grafting process enhances the efficiency of both chitosan and homo-poly(2methylaniline) to remove coliform present in wastewater. The used wastewater contains 1600 colonies on testing total coliform using classical membrane filter techniques. The total coliform present in wastewater becomes zero by using 50 ppm of the graft, 100 ppm of chitosan and 1000 ppm of poly(2-methylaniline).

Research paper thumbnail of Facile polyacrylamide graft based on poly (2-chloroaniline) silver nano-composites as antimicrobial

International Journal of Polymeric Materials and Polymeric Biomaterials, 2018

Series of polymers based on the grafting of polyacrylamide with both poly(2-methoxyaniline) P2-Me... more Series of polymers based on the grafting of polyacrylamide with both poly(2-methoxyaniline) P2-MeOANI and poly(2-chloroaniline) P2-ClANI were synthesized by the oxidative chemical grafting copolymerization of individually 2-methoxyaniline (2-MeOANI) and 2-chloroaniline (2-ClANI) onto polyacrylamide (PACM). The grafting was performed in aqueous hydrochloric acid solution (HCl) using ammonium persulfate (APS) as oxidant. The optimum conditions of the grafting based on the yield was achieved. The obtained polymer samples at optimum conditions were assembling on colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The obtained polymer samples and their AgNPs were characterized by UV-visible & IR spectroscopy, EM, TEM & TGA to confirm the suggested structure of obtained polymers. The efficiency of the prepared polymeric samples to using as anti-microbial including as sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) was investigated.

Research paper thumbnail of Spectroscopic Study on Poly(Acrylic Acid-Co-Acrylamide)-Graft–Polyaniline as a Radiation Dosimeter for Alpha Particles

Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 2017

Poly(acrylate-co-acrylamide) was a synthesis by chemical oxidation polymerization of an aqueous b... more Poly(acrylate-co-acrylamide) was a synthesis by chemical oxidation polymerization of an aqueous binary mixture of acrylate/acrylamide (1:1 mole ratio) using ammonium persulphate as an initiator at 70°C under the nitrogen atmosphere. The obtained copolymer was introduced for grafting with polyaniline. The grafting process was performed by chemical oxidation polymerization of aniline using ammonium persulphate as an initiator in hydrochloric acid media at 40°C under the nitrogen atmosphere. Poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)-graft-polyaniline samples irradiated with (alpha-particles) at different irradiation doses (0, 2.33, 8.73, 13.09 and 17.46 Gy) at the same linear energy transfer. The change in the morphology, optical properties and the energy gap of poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)-graft-polyaniline samples were studied.

Research paper thumbnail of Oxygen Plask-TLC Microdetermination of Binary and Ternary Mixtures of Hg(II), Cu(II) and Cd in their Organic Compounds and Some Pharmaceutical Preparations

Analytical Letters, 1994

Binary and ternary mixtures of the organic compounds of the title elements are decomposed either ... more Binary and ternary mixtures of the organic compounds of the title elements are decomposed either by wet digestion in the Kjeldahl flasks or through combustion in the oxygen flask using 1:1 HNO3 soln. as absorbent and Pt gauze as sample holder. An aliquot of 15 μl of each decomposed mixture is separated on thin layer plate, using silica gel (G

Research paper thumbnail of Fabrication of facile polymeric nanocomposites based on chitosan-gr-P2-aminothiophenol for biomedical applications

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2020

Fabrication of facile polymeric nanocomposites based on chitosan-gr-P2-aminothiophenol for biomed... more Fabrication of facile polymeric nanocomposites based on chitosan-gr-P2-aminothiophenol for biomedical applications,

Research paper thumbnail of A Creation of Poly(N-2-hydroxyethylaniline-co-2-chloroaniline) for Corrosion Control of Mild Steel in Acidic Medium

Journal of Bio- and Tribo-Corrosion, 2020

The current work discusses the synthesis and characterization of two homopolymers poly(N-2-hydrox... more The current work discusses the synthesis and characterization of two homopolymers poly(N-2-hydroxyethylaniline) (PNHEANI), poly(2-chloroaniline) (P2ClANI), and a copolymer of poly(N-2-hydroxyethylaniline-co-2-chloroaniline) (PNHEANI-co-PClANI). PNHEANI-co-PClANI is chemically synthesized using ammonium persulfate as an oxidant in an acidic medium at room temperature under N 2 atmosphere. All created polymers are characterized by IR spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, and TGA analysis. The efficiency, for all the created polymers as a coating on steel in acidic medium, is performed and is well compared. Corrosion and impedance fitting parameters reveal that the prepared polymers under investigation are good corrosion inhibitors and in the following order: PNHEANI ≈ PNHEANI-co-P2ClANI > P2ClANI.

Research paper thumbnail of Preparation and spectroscopic properties, density functional theory calculations and nonlinear optical properties of poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)-graft-polyaniline

Journal of Molecular Structure, 2018

Poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)-graft-Polyaniline was synthesized via chemical oxidation polyme... more Poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)-graft-Polyaniline was synthesized via chemical oxidation polymerization using ammonium persulphate as initiator at 40 0 C under N 2 atmosphere. The prepared poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)graft-Polyaniline was characterized by different analytical tools. The apparent activation energy of grafting reaction was calculated and found to be 48.7753kJ/mol. Also, ∆H*and ∆S* as thermodynamic parameters for activation were calculated which equal to 46.4300 k J/mol. and-14.0379 J/mol. K respectively. The optimized structures of the graft (one, two and three units or (monomer, dimer and trimer) were theoretically investigated at the B3LYP/6-311G level. The geometry of the graft are non-planar as indicated from the values of dihedral angles. The global properties of hardness, global softness and electronegativity were calculated. The calculated small energy gap between highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energies shows that charge transfer occurs within the graft compound. The molecular electrostatic potential for the graft was investigated. The obtained total static dipole moment, mean polarizability, anisotropy of polarizability and mean first-order hyperpolarizability (<β>) were compared with those of urea as a reference material. The results for <β> showed that the graft is excellent candidates as nonlinear optical materials.

Research paper thumbnail of Preparation and characterization of novel and selective polyacrylamide-graft-poly(2-methoxyaniline) adsorbent for lead removal

Polymer Bulletin, 2017

Polyacrylamide-graft-poly(2-methoxyaniline) [PACM-gr-P2-MeOANI] was synthesized by the oxidative ... more Polyacrylamide-graft-poly(2-methoxyaniline) [PACM-gr-P2-MeOANI] was synthesized by the oxidative chemical grafting copolymerization of 2-methoxyaniline (2-MeOANI) onto polyacrylamide (PACM). The grafting was performed in aqueous HCl using ammonium persulfate (APS) as oxidant. The optimum conditions of the grafting based on the yield were achieved. The kinetic grafting copolymerization rate equation was given. Also, the thermodynamic activation parameters of the copolymerization reaction are calculated to be E a = 23.3833 kJ mol-1 , DH = 38.7010 KJ mol-1 , DS =-251507 J mol-1 K-1 and DG = 46.1959 kJ mol-1. The obtained polymer samples at optimum conditions were characterized by IR, EM, XRD and TGA to confirm the suggested structure of obtained polymers. The efficiency of the prepared polymeric samples to remove some metal ions from contaminated water was investigated. The obtained graft is a selective adsorbent for Pb(II) ion present in mixture with Mn(II) and Cr(II) ions.

Research paper thumbnail of Kinetic preparation and antibacterial activity of nanocrystalline poly(2-aminothiophenol)

Polymer Bulletin, 2018

Poly(2-aminothiophenol) (PATH) was prepared by oxidative chemical polymerization of 2-aminothioph... more Poly(2-aminothiophenol) (PATH) was prepared by oxidative chemical polymerization of 2-aminothiophenol in aqueous HCl medium using ammonium persulfate as oxidant. The obtained polymer sample was characterized using different techniques. The kinetics of polymerization reaction were investigated. The data show that both initial and overall reaction rates increase with increasing monomer, oxidant and HCl concentrations. Also both initial and overall polymerization reaction rates increase with increasing temperature. The nanostructure of the prepared PATH was fabricated with silver nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized polymer and its nanostructure with silver nanoparticles was studied against sulfate-reducing bacteria. The synthesized polymer and its nanostructure showed good antibacterial activity.

Research paper thumbnail of Removal of Ammonia from Aqueous Solutions, Ground Water, and Wastewater Using Mechanically Activated Clinoptilolite and Synthetic Zeolite-A: Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2017

Natural zeolite clinoptilolite and synthetic zeolite Na-A were characterized using XRD and SEM to... more Natural zeolite clinoptilolite and synthetic zeolite Na-A were characterized using XRD and SEM to be used as adsorbents for ammonia from aqueous solutions, ground water, and sewage water. Clinoptilolite was mechanically activated for 2, 4, 6, and 8 h to study the effect of activation in enhancing the adsorption capacity. The adsorption by activated natural zeolite and synthetic zeolite is high pH dependent and achieve the best values at pH = 7. The adsorption capacity of activated natural zeolite increases with increasing the activation from 2 to 8 h achieving removal percentage close to that obtained using synthetic zeolite. The equilibrium was obtained after 60 min for synthetic zeolite and all the activated natural zeolite (except 2-h-activated product, the equilibrium was achieved after 30 min). The kinetic studies reflected the high fitness of the adsorption results of activated natural zeolite products and synthetic zeolite with pseudo-second-order model rather than the other kinetic models. The obtained isotherms reflected the formation of S-type isotherm curve for the adsorption using mechanically activated clinoptilolite and L-type curve for the uptake using synthetic zeolite. The results represented well with Langmuir model followed by Temkin and Freundlich model for adsorption using synthetic zeolite. The uptake using mechanically activated clinoptilolite can be represented by Temkin model rather than both Langmuir and Freundlich models. Thermodynamic parameters indicate spontaneous endothermic adsorption of ammonia using all the zeolitic products under investigation. Finally, the mechanically activated natural zeolite and synthetic zeolite exhibit high efficiency in the removal of ammonia and other water pollutants from ground water and sewage water.

Research paper thumbnail of Enhancing both the mechanical and chemical properties of paper sheet by graft co-polymerization with acrylonitrile/methyl methacrylate

Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2014

The chemical graft copolymerization reaction of acrylonitrile (AN) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) ... more The chemical graft copolymerization reaction of acrylonitrile (AN) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) binary mixture onto paper sheet was performed. The effect of initiator concentration, monomer concentration and temperature on the reaction rate was studied. The reaction rate equation of the graft copolymerization reaction is found to be RP ¼ K2 [Initiator]0.795[Monomer]2.007. The apparent activation energy (Ea) of the copolymerization reaction is found to be 75.01 kJ/mol. The infrared characteristic absorption bands for cellulosic paper structure and the paper gr-AN-MMA are investigated. Tensile break load, porosity and burst strength were measured for the grafted and pure paper sheet. It was found that the mechanical properties are improved by grafting copolymerization. The chemical resistance of the graft product against a strong acid a strong alkali, polar and nonpolar solvents was investigated. It was found that the resistance to these chemicals is enhanced by grafting.

Research paper thumbnail of Kinetic studies of the chemical polymerization of substituted aniline in aqueous solutions and characterization of the polymer obtained Part 1. 3-Chloroaniline

Polymer International, 2001

Aqueous polymerization of 3-chloroaniline (mCA) was studied using sodium dichromate as oxidant in... more Aqueous polymerization of 3-chloroaniline (mCA) was studied using sodium dichromate as oxidant in the presence of hydrochloric acid. The effect of hydrochloric acid, sodium dichromate and monomer concentration on the polymerization rate, speci®c viscosity of the obtained polymer and ac conductivity was investigated. The initial and overall reaction rates increase with increasing hydrochloric acid concentration or sodium dichromate concentration, but decrease with increasing monomer concentration. The speci®c viscosity values (h sp) increase with increasing hydrochloric acid concentration or monomer concentration, which means that the molecular weight of the polymer samples increases accordingly. On the contrary, the molecular weight decreases with increasing sodium dichromate concentration. The highest ac conductivity value of the obtained polymer was found for 0.0255 mol l À1 of Na 2 Cr 2 O 7 , 0.8 mol l À1 HCl and 0.0956 mol l À1 monomer concentration in the reaction medium. The order of the polymerization reaction with respect to hydrochloric acid, Na 2 Cr 2 O 7 and monomer concentration was found to be 1.0, 0.9 and 0.75, respectively. The apparent activation energy (E a) for this polymerization system was found to be 13.674 Â 10 4 mol À1. The obtained poly(3-chloroaniline) was characterized by UV±visible, IR and 1 H NMR spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction analysis and electron microscopy studies were carried out. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) results were used to con®rm the structure.

Research paper thumbnail of Graft polymerization of acrylonitrile onto paper and characterization of the grafted product

Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2010

Graft Polymerization of Acrylonitrile onto Paper and Characterization of the Grafted Product SM S... more Graft Polymerization of Acrylonitrile onto Paper and Characterization of the Grafted Product SM Sayyah, HM Abd El-Salam, AB Khaliel, EH Mohamed Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Polymer Research Laboratory, Beni Suef University, 62514 Beni-Suef City, Egypt ...

Research paper thumbnail of Aqueous oxidative polymerization of 3-methoxyaniline and characterization of its polymer

International Journal of Polymeric Materials and Polymeric Biomaterials, 2002

The aqueous polymerization of 3-methoxyaniline (3-OMeA) was studied using sodium dichromate as ox... more The aqueous polymerization of 3-methoxyaniline (3-OMeA) was studied using sodium dichromate as oxidant in presence of hydrochloric acid. The effect of hydrochloric acid, sodium dichromate, monomer concentration and reaction temperature on the polymerization rate, specific viscosity of the obtained polymer and a.c.conductivity was investigated. The initial and overall reaction rates increase with the increasing of hydrochloric acid concentration, reaction temperature or sodium dichromate concentration but decrease with the increasing of the monomer concentration. The specific viscosity values increase with the increasing of the hydrochloric acid concentration or the monomer concentration which means that the molecular weight of the polymer samples increases in the same direction. But the molecular weight decreases with the increase of both sodium dichromate concentration and reaction temperature. The highest a.c.conductivity value of the obtained polymers was found when 0.0205 g mol/L of Na 2 Cr 2 O 7 , 0.8 g mol/L HCI and 0.0821 g mol/L of monomer were used in the reaction medium at 5°C, the electrical conductivity and dielectric constant of this polymer sample were investigated as a function of temperature. The order of the polymerization reaction with respect to hydrochloric acid, Na 2 Cr 2 O 7 and monomer concentration was found to be 0.85, 1.36 and 0.74 respectively. The apparent activation energy (E a ) for this polymerization system was found to be 7.656 2 10 4 J/mol. The obtained poly(3-methoxyaniline) was characterized by UV-visible and IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and electron microscopic studies. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) results were used for the confirmation of the suggested structure.