Dr. Irle - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Dr. Irle
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European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 2006
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MATEC Web of Conferences, 2013
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Proceedings of the International Conference held at the University of Dundee, Scotland, UK on 9–11 September 2002, 2002
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Various species of wood in the form of chips, particles or fibres are added to cement to make com... more Various species of wood in the form of chips, particles or fibres are added to cement to make composite materials for building applications. Most wood species are reported to retard the setting of cement and weaken its strength. Cork, which is the bark of Quercus suber trees, is not currently used for making such composites. It differs from other wood species in many aspects. A preliminary study conducted to assess the compatibility of cork with cement found that it is compatible with cement. This paper discusses the difference between the properties of cork and other woods and the advantages these properties bring to cementitious composites. Some physical and mechanical properties of cork cement composite materials are also presented.
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The mechanical properties of concretes are affected by a wide range of variables. At the mixing s... more The mechanical properties of concretes are affected by a wide range of variables. At the mixing stage these include: cement/aggregate ratio; aggregate size and density; and water/cement ratio. In terms of mechanical performance, an optimum mix is normally one in which there are no free air gaps. Minimising the number of air gaps, or void volume. can be achieved by careful choice of the three variables given above. In addition, mixing aggregates of different sizes can also reduce void volume. In the absence of any standard method for designing concrete mix for materials like cork, which has a very high angularity and 'apparent water absorption' values, two approaches were adopted. One was based upon Fuller's curve (MIX1) and another was based on the 'minimum air void' volume approach (MIX2). These mixes were obtained by using cork granules of large, medium and small size. Composites with the density range of 246 to 854 kg/m(3) were made following MIX1 and 564 to 8...
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Holzforschung
ABSTRACT The influence of wood upon the setting of cement is generally assessed by conducting sem... more ABSTRACT The influence of wood upon the setting of cement is generally assessed by conducting semi-adiabatic hydration tests. The existing methods to quantify wood-cement compatibility are based on the maximum hydration temperature (Tmax), the time (tmax) to reach it or the heat evolved in a specified period. Results obtained by these methods at higher wood-cement ratios are not convincing and show inconsistencies for various reasons. This paper discusses these reasons and suggests an alternative method based on a maturity function. The results from the new calculation method are compared with those of the existing methods and demonstrate the superiority of this new method at higher wood-cement ratios.
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IEE Seminar on Time-Scale and Time-Frequency Analysis and Applications, 2000
ABSTRACT This paper discusses a new method for vibration signal analysis using Gaussian wavelet, ... more ABSTRACT This paper discusses a new method for vibration signal analysis using Gaussian wavelet, which possesses the optimal time frequency localisation property. A flexible, efficient and accurate method of Gaussian wavelet filter design is proposed. Based on this fast algorithm, time-scale analyses with the shifting of starting frequency in either low or high frequency orientation are achieved for general analysis, while finer frequency scale decomposition is used for detailed analysis. The effects of shifting starting-frequency in both orientations, together with finer scale analysis, can give an almost arbitrary partitioning of the time-scale plane. Thus all transients can be represented with time information. Furthermore, the significant and natural frequencies can be monitored in the time domain. An example of the application is also demonstrated with the vibration signal measured at a machine spindle nose. When signatures corresponding to certain operation status are recognised by general and detailed analyses, real-time fault detection or condition monitoring can be implemented with this algorithm
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No agreed guidelines exist in wood surface metrology about how to measure and evaluate the roughn... more No agreed guidelines exist in wood surface metrology about how to measure and evaluate the roughness of wood surfaces. This has led to a range of roughness results for similar sanding parameters. Existing general standard methods are not usually applicable to wood. A comprehensive set of recommendations suitable for wood surface metrology was recently developed by Gurau ([8]). This paper presents a review of this method and its application to the sanding variables grit size, earlywood and latewood.
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No agreed guidelines exist in wood surface metrology on how to objectively measure and evaluate t... more No agreed guidelines exist in wood surface metrology on how to objectively measure and evaluate the surface quality of a sanded surface. As a consequence, evaluation most commonly relies on subjective human perception rather than on quantitative measurements. This chapter presents a review of a method developed for sanded wood surfaces, which covers the choice of instrument type, the measuring resolution, the minimum evaluation length, aspects of filtering and the separation of processing roughness from anatomical irregularities. Compared with previous studies in the literature, processing roughness parameters calculated in this study are not influenced by wood anatomy and therefore provide objective, quantitative references for the quality of sanding. The method was tested in this chapter to evaluate the influence of various species on roughness parameters when sanding with P120 grit size paper. Further, the method can be used to evaluate roughness parameters for different combinat...
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Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff
According to ISO 3274 form errors can be removed by fitting a polynomial regression through the o... more According to ISO 3274 form errors can be removed by fitting a polynomial regression through the original measured data called the total profile to obtain the primary profile. For wood surfaces it was found that the regression was affected by the presence of deep and grouped pores. To obtain a primary profile free of distortion, the deep pores can be removed from
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Journal of the Institute of Wood Science, 2005
ABSTRACT Sanded wood surfaces contain irregularities caused by both the sanding process and the a... more ABSTRACT Sanded wood surfaces contain irregularities caused by both the sanding process and the anatomy, so the anatomical roughness, which is independent of any machining operation, must be excluded from measurements of surface irregularities if the processing roughness is to be properly evaluated. This paper investigates the effect of wood anatomy on surface roughness parameters of oak and spruce wood after sanding with P120 sandpaper. The wood anatomy is excluded from the roughness profile using a method developed by Gurau (2004). Total roughness parameters, which contain both the processing irregularities and the wood anatomy, are compared with processing roughness parameters. The effect of anatomy is to increase measures of roughness, particularly for oak.
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Wood Science and Technology, 2014
ABSTRACT The quality of a sanded wood surface is represented by its roughness, which can be separ... more ABSTRACT The quality of a sanded wood surface is represented by its roughness, which can be separated from the originally measured data by a procedure of filtering. Past experience has shown that the robust Gaussian regression filter (RGRF) is suitable for wood surfaces because it does not introduce distortions into the roughness profiles. The filter works iteratively until a user-defined convergence condition is met. The iterations stop when the difference between two consecutive profile median values becomes smaller than a given tolerance. This paper examines the convergence of RGRF when applied to wood surfaces sanded with various grit sizes in order to establish the tolerance value, which leads to convergence with the minimum number of iterations. This study was based on monitoring the variation of roughness parameters with the number of iterations for a range of tolerance values. A tolerance of 0.01 lm was found acceptable for filtering sanded wood surfaces.
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Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 2006
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
MATEC Web of Conferences, 2013
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Proceedings of the International Conference held at the University of Dundee, Scotland, UK on 9–11 September 2002, 2002
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Various species of wood in the form of chips, particles or fibres are added to cement to make com... more Various species of wood in the form of chips, particles or fibres are added to cement to make composite materials for building applications. Most wood species are reported to retard the setting of cement and weaken its strength. Cork, which is the bark of Quercus suber trees, is not currently used for making such composites. It differs from other wood species in many aspects. A preliminary study conducted to assess the compatibility of cork with cement found that it is compatible with cement. This paper discusses the difference between the properties of cork and other woods and the advantages these properties bring to cementitious composites. Some physical and mechanical properties of cork cement composite materials are also presented.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
The mechanical properties of concretes are affected by a wide range of variables. At the mixing s... more The mechanical properties of concretes are affected by a wide range of variables. At the mixing stage these include: cement/aggregate ratio; aggregate size and density; and water/cement ratio. In terms of mechanical performance, an optimum mix is normally one in which there are no free air gaps. Minimising the number of air gaps, or void volume. can be achieved by careful choice of the three variables given above. In addition, mixing aggregates of different sizes can also reduce void volume. In the absence of any standard method for designing concrete mix for materials like cork, which has a very high angularity and 'apparent water absorption' values, two approaches were adopted. One was based upon Fuller's curve (MIX1) and another was based on the 'minimum air void' volume approach (MIX2). These mixes were obtained by using cork granules of large, medium and small size. Composites with the density range of 246 to 854 kg/m(3) were made following MIX1 and 564 to 8...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Holzforschung
ABSTRACT The influence of wood upon the setting of cement is generally assessed by conducting sem... more ABSTRACT The influence of wood upon the setting of cement is generally assessed by conducting semi-adiabatic hydration tests. The existing methods to quantify wood-cement compatibility are based on the maximum hydration temperature (Tmax), the time (tmax) to reach it or the heat evolved in a specified period. Results obtained by these methods at higher wood-cement ratios are not convincing and show inconsistencies for various reasons. This paper discusses these reasons and suggests an alternative method based on a maturity function. The results from the new calculation method are compared with those of the existing methods and demonstrate the superiority of this new method at higher wood-cement ratios.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
IEE Seminar on Time-Scale and Time-Frequency Analysis and Applications, 2000
ABSTRACT This paper discusses a new method for vibration signal analysis using Gaussian wavelet, ... more ABSTRACT This paper discusses a new method for vibration signal analysis using Gaussian wavelet, which possesses the optimal time frequency localisation property. A flexible, efficient and accurate method of Gaussian wavelet filter design is proposed. Based on this fast algorithm, time-scale analyses with the shifting of starting frequency in either low or high frequency orientation are achieved for general analysis, while finer frequency scale decomposition is used for detailed analysis. The effects of shifting starting-frequency in both orientations, together with finer scale analysis, can give an almost arbitrary partitioning of the time-scale plane. Thus all transients can be represented with time information. Furthermore, the significant and natural frequencies can be monitored in the time domain. An example of the application is also demonstrated with the vibration signal measured at a machine spindle nose. When signatures corresponding to certain operation status are recognised by general and detailed analyses, real-time fault detection or condition monitoring can be implemented with this algorithm
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
No agreed guidelines exist in wood surface metrology about how to measure and evaluate the roughn... more No agreed guidelines exist in wood surface metrology about how to measure and evaluate the roughness of wood surfaces. This has led to a range of roughness results for similar sanding parameters. Existing general standard methods are not usually applicable to wood. A comprehensive set of recommendations suitable for wood surface metrology was recently developed by Gurau ([8]). This paper presents a review of this method and its application to the sanding variables grit size, earlywood and latewood.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
No agreed guidelines exist in wood surface metrology on how to objectively measure and evaluate t... more No agreed guidelines exist in wood surface metrology on how to objectively measure and evaluate the surface quality of a sanded surface. As a consequence, evaluation most commonly relies on subjective human perception rather than on quantitative measurements. This chapter presents a review of a method developed for sanded wood surfaces, which covers the choice of instrument type, the measuring resolution, the minimum evaluation length, aspects of filtering and the separation of processing roughness from anatomical irregularities. Compared with previous studies in the literature, processing roughness parameters calculated in this study are not influenced by wood anatomy and therefore provide objective, quantitative references for the quality of sanding. The method was tested in this chapter to evaluate the influence of various species on roughness parameters when sanding with P120 grit size paper. Further, the method can be used to evaluate roughness parameters for different combinat...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff
According to ISO 3274 form errors can be removed by fitting a polynomial regression through the o... more According to ISO 3274 form errors can be removed by fitting a polynomial regression through the original measured data called the total profile to obtain the primary profile. For wood surfaces it was found that the regression was affected by the presence of deep and grouped pores. To obtain a primary profile free of distortion, the deep pores can be removed from
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Journal of the Institute of Wood Science, 2005
ABSTRACT Sanded wood surfaces contain irregularities caused by both the sanding process and the a... more ABSTRACT Sanded wood surfaces contain irregularities caused by both the sanding process and the anatomy, so the anatomical roughness, which is independent of any machining operation, must be excluded from measurements of surface irregularities if the processing roughness is to be properly evaluated. This paper investigates the effect of wood anatomy on surface roughness parameters of oak and spruce wood after sanding with P120 sandpaper. The wood anatomy is excluded from the roughness profile using a method developed by Gurau (2004). Total roughness parameters, which contain both the processing irregularities and the wood anatomy, are compared with processing roughness parameters. The effect of anatomy is to increase measures of roughness, particularly for oak.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Wood Science and Technology, 2014
ABSTRACT The quality of a sanded wood surface is represented by its roughness, which can be separ... more ABSTRACT The quality of a sanded wood surface is represented by its roughness, which can be separated from the originally measured data by a procedure of filtering. Past experience has shown that the robust Gaussian regression filter (RGRF) is suitable for wood surfaces because it does not introduce distortions into the roughness profiles. The filter works iteratively until a user-defined convergence condition is met. The iterations stop when the difference between two consecutive profile median values becomes smaller than a given tolerance. This paper examines the convergence of RGRF when applied to wood surfaces sanded with various grit sizes in order to establish the tolerance value, which leads to convergence with the minimum number of iterations. This study was based on monitoring the variation of roughness parameters with the number of iterations for a range of tolerance values. A tolerance of 0.01 lm was found acceptable for filtering sanded wood surfaces.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact