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Papers by Dr. Khaled Odeh

Research paper thumbnail of 1 Measuring Tourists ’ Emotional Experiences: Further Validation of the Destination Emotion Scale

This study is an extension of Hosany and Gilbert's (2010) original research on the development of... more This study is an extension of Hosany and Gilbert's (2010) original research on the development of a scale measuring the diversity and intensity of tourists' emotional experiences toward destinations: the destination emotion scale (DES). The DES consists of 15 items, representing three emotional dimensions: joy, love and positive surprise. Although the DES displays solid psychometric properties, additional evidence is required of the scale's validity. Using data collected from international tourists visiting two distinct destinations, Petra (Jordan) and Thailand, this study further examines the scale's construct validity. Adopting state of the art procedures guiding scale validation, results confirm the unidimensionality, reliability, convergent, discriminant and nomological validity of the DES. In particular, discriminant validity tests show that emotions and place attachment are related but distinct constructs. The DES provides a useful tool for marketers and researchers to measure tourists' emotional responses toward destinations.

Research paper thumbnail of Measuring Experience Economy Concepts in Tourism: A Replication and Extension

Pine and Gilmore (1998) set out the vision for a new economic era: the 'experience economy' in wh... more Pine and Gilmore (1998) set out the vision for a new economic era: the 'experience economy' in which consumers are now searching for extraordinary and memorable experiences. Since then, a rich body of research on applications of the experience economy concepts have appeared in the consumer literature. However, it is only recently (Oh, Fiore and Jeoung, 2007) that academic investigation on the measurement of tourism experiences have emerged in the literature. The purpose of the research is to replicate and validate Oh,

Research paper thumbnail of The impact of frontline employee empowerment on service quality in the Jordanian restaurant industry

This study explores the relationship between frontline employees' empowerment and service qua... more This study explores the relationship between frontline employees' empowerment and service quality in the restaurant industry. The service marketing literature revealed mixed findings regarding this relationship. While some studies confirmed indirect relationships, others did not confirm the relationship, and one study only confirmed a direct positive relationship. The developed model in this study suggested that psychological empowerment influences service quality through employees' job attitudes (job satisfaction and organisational commitment) and behaviour (customeroriented behaviour). Two questionnaires were used to test the study's model. The first questionnaire was designed to measure employees' empowerment, job satisfaction, organisational commitment and customer-oriented behaviour. The second questionnaire measures managers' perceptions of service quality. A total of 600 matched questionnaires were distributed on a sample of frontline employees and their d...

Research paper thumbnail of The Cognitive-Affective Relationship of Tourists to a Heritage Site: The Case of Petra

Research paper thumbnail of Psychological Empowerment in the Jordanian Hospitality Industry: Does the Context Matter?

The aim of this study is to examine the psychological empowerment construct within the Jordanian ... more The aim of this study is to examine the psychological empowerment construct within the Jordanian hospitality industry. The multi-dimensional scale developed by Spreitzer 1995 was used. A total of 800 questionnaires were distributed to a sample of frontline employees, and out of these a total of 682 usable questionnaires were used in the analysis. The results of the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) introduced a two dimensional structure. The results of t-tests and one-way ANOVA revealed that only employees’ nationality and educational level could be used to segment employees based on their perception of the psychological empowerment overall and on the extracted dimensions. Implications and recommendations for future research are presented

Research paper thumbnail of The role of tourists' emotional experiences and satisfaction in understanding behavioral intentions

Modeling behavioral intentions remain an important area of research in tourism. This study empiri... more Modeling behavioral intentions remain an important area of research in tourism. This study empirically tests a model linking tourists' emotional experiences, satisfaction and behavioral intentions. The model proposes that satisfaction mediates the relationship between tourists' emotional experiences and behavioral intentions. Data were collected from international tourists visiting Petra, a UNESCO world heritage site. Contrary to theoretical predictions, results do not support the mediating effect of satisfaction on the relationship between emotions (joy, love, positive surprise, and unpleasantness) and behavioral intentions. Findings offer important strategic marketing implications for Petra in relation to branding and managing destination experiences.

Research paper thumbnail of E-training Implementation in Saudi Arabia: An Exploratory Study in Private Sector in Jeddah

This paper explores the justification for implementing, the benefits and barriers of e-training f... more This paper explores the justification for implementing, the benefits and barriers of e-training from training managers working in private sector in Jeddah. The questionnaire was used to gather the data from training managers. Total 150 questionnaires were distributed, out of that 63 questionnaires were used in the analysis. The results showed that the implantation of e-training is growing rapidly in private sector in Jeddah. In addition the results demonstrate that the main drivers for e-training investment were linked to improved delivery and flexibility, increased access, reduced costs, and better administration for implementing training from managers’ perspective. However, the most important challenges identified by mangers were related to absence of a professional online training center in Arabic and the lack of expertise in E-training inside the company. Based on the results, a number of recommendations and future research areas were discussed. Keywords : E-training, E-learning...

Research paper thumbnail of The mediating role of authentic leadership between the relationship of employee training and employee performance

Management Science Letters

Research paper thumbnail of The role of tourists' emotional experiences and satisfaction in understanding behavioral intentions

Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of Measuring Tourists' Emotional Experiences: Further Validation of the Destination Emotion Scale

Journal of Travel Research, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of The Impact of Frontline Employee Empowerment on Service Quality

Research paper thumbnail of The role of tourists' emotional experiences and satisfaction in understanding behavioral intentions

Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of 1 Measuring Tourists ’ Emotional Experiences: Further Validation of the Destination Emotion Scale

This study is an extension of Hosany and Gilbert's (2010) original research on the development of... more This study is an extension of Hosany and Gilbert's (2010) original research on the development of a scale measuring the diversity and intensity of tourists' emotional experiences toward destinations: the destination emotion scale (DES). The DES consists of 15 items, representing three emotional dimensions: joy, love and positive surprise. Although the DES displays solid psychometric properties, additional evidence is required of the scale's validity. Using data collected from international tourists visiting two distinct destinations, Petra (Jordan) and Thailand, this study further examines the scale's construct validity. Adopting state of the art procedures guiding scale validation, results confirm the unidimensionality, reliability, convergent, discriminant and nomological validity of the DES. In particular, discriminant validity tests show that emotions and place attachment are related but distinct constructs. The DES provides a useful tool for marketers and researchers to measure tourists' emotional responses toward destinations.

Research paper thumbnail of Measuring Experience Economy Concepts in Tourism: A Replication and Extension

Pine and Gilmore (1998) set out the vision for a new economic era: the 'experience economy' in wh... more Pine and Gilmore (1998) set out the vision for a new economic era: the 'experience economy' in which consumers are now searching for extraordinary and memorable experiences. Since then, a rich body of research on applications of the experience economy concepts have appeared in the consumer literature. However, it is only recently (Oh, Fiore and Jeoung, 2007) that academic investigation on the measurement of tourism experiences have emerged in the literature. The purpose of the research is to replicate and validate Oh,

Research paper thumbnail of The impact of frontline employee empowerment on service quality in the Jordanian restaurant industry

This study explores the relationship between frontline employees' empowerment and service qua... more This study explores the relationship between frontline employees' empowerment and service quality in the restaurant industry. The service marketing literature revealed mixed findings regarding this relationship. While some studies confirmed indirect relationships, others did not confirm the relationship, and one study only confirmed a direct positive relationship. The developed model in this study suggested that psychological empowerment influences service quality through employees' job attitudes (job satisfaction and organisational commitment) and behaviour (customeroriented behaviour). Two questionnaires were used to test the study's model. The first questionnaire was designed to measure employees' empowerment, job satisfaction, organisational commitment and customer-oriented behaviour. The second questionnaire measures managers' perceptions of service quality. A total of 600 matched questionnaires were distributed on a sample of frontline employees and their d...

Research paper thumbnail of The Cognitive-Affective Relationship of Tourists to a Heritage Site: The Case of Petra

Research paper thumbnail of Psychological Empowerment in the Jordanian Hospitality Industry: Does the Context Matter?

The aim of this study is to examine the psychological empowerment construct within the Jordanian ... more The aim of this study is to examine the psychological empowerment construct within the Jordanian hospitality industry. The multi-dimensional scale developed by Spreitzer 1995 was used. A total of 800 questionnaires were distributed to a sample of frontline employees, and out of these a total of 682 usable questionnaires were used in the analysis. The results of the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) introduced a two dimensional structure. The results of t-tests and one-way ANOVA revealed that only employees’ nationality and educational level could be used to segment employees based on their perception of the psychological empowerment overall and on the extracted dimensions. Implications and recommendations for future research are presented

Research paper thumbnail of The role of tourists' emotional experiences and satisfaction in understanding behavioral intentions

Modeling behavioral intentions remain an important area of research in tourism. This study empiri... more Modeling behavioral intentions remain an important area of research in tourism. This study empirically tests a model linking tourists' emotional experiences, satisfaction and behavioral intentions. The model proposes that satisfaction mediates the relationship between tourists' emotional experiences and behavioral intentions. Data were collected from international tourists visiting Petra, a UNESCO world heritage site. Contrary to theoretical predictions, results do not support the mediating effect of satisfaction on the relationship between emotions (joy, love, positive surprise, and unpleasantness) and behavioral intentions. Findings offer important strategic marketing implications for Petra in relation to branding and managing destination experiences.

Research paper thumbnail of E-training Implementation in Saudi Arabia: An Exploratory Study in Private Sector in Jeddah

This paper explores the justification for implementing, the benefits and barriers of e-training f... more This paper explores the justification for implementing, the benefits and barriers of e-training from training managers working in private sector in Jeddah. The questionnaire was used to gather the data from training managers. Total 150 questionnaires were distributed, out of that 63 questionnaires were used in the analysis. The results showed that the implantation of e-training is growing rapidly in private sector in Jeddah. In addition the results demonstrate that the main drivers for e-training investment were linked to improved delivery and flexibility, increased access, reduced costs, and better administration for implementing training from managers’ perspective. However, the most important challenges identified by mangers were related to absence of a professional online training center in Arabic and the lack of expertise in E-training inside the company. Based on the results, a number of recommendations and future research areas were discussed. Keywords : E-training, E-learning...

Research paper thumbnail of The mediating role of authentic leadership between the relationship of employee training and employee performance

Management Science Letters

Research paper thumbnail of The role of tourists' emotional experiences and satisfaction in understanding behavioral intentions

Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of Measuring Tourists' Emotional Experiences: Further Validation of the Destination Emotion Scale

Journal of Travel Research, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of The Impact of Frontline Employee Empowerment on Service Quality

Research paper thumbnail of The role of tourists' emotional experiences and satisfaction in understanding behavioral intentions

Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 2013