Dr. Naheed Bano - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Dr. Naheed Bano

Environmental Science and Pollution Research

The coronavirus pandemic of 2019 has already exerted an enormous impact. For over a year, the wor... more The coronavirus pandemic of 2019 has already exerted an enormous impact. For over a year, the worldwide pandemic has ravaged the whole globe, with approximately 250 million verified human infection cases and a mortality rate surpassing 4 million. While the genetic makeup of the related pathogen (SARS-CoV-2) was identified, many unknown facets remain a mystery, comprising the virus's origin and evolutionary trend. There were many rumors that SARS-CoV-2 was human-borne and its evolution was predicted many years ago, but scientific investigation proved them wrong and concluded that bats might be the origin of SARS-CoV-2 and pangolins act as intermediary species to transmit the virus from bats to humans. Airborne droplets were found to be the leading cause of human-to-human transmission of this virus, but later studies showed that contaminated surfaces and other environmental factors are also involved in its transmission. The evolution of different SARS-CoV-2 variants worsens the condition and has become a challenge to overcome this pandemic. The emergence of COVID-19 is still a mystery, and scientists are unable to explain the exact origin of SARS-CoV-2. This review sheds light on the possible origin of SARS-CoV-2, its transmission, and the key factors that worsen the situation.

Dose-Response

L-asparaginase is used in chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia and other cancers. L-aspa... more L-asparaginase is used in chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia and other cancers. L-asparaginase derived from bacterial source triggers immune responses. The current study investigates Solanum nigrum as a novel and latent source of L-asparaginase to minimize immunological reactions. The antitumor activity of SN methanol extract was determined using the potato disc assay. InterPro Chimera and InterPro were used to predict the amino acid sequence of L-asparaginase and its anticancer activity. Purification of the enzyme was carried out to homogeneity of 1.51-fold with a recovery of 61.99%. At optimal conditions of 36.5°C, pH 8.6, and 8.5 g/mL substrate, fruit (crude extract) revealed an L-asparaginase titer of 48.23 U/mL. The molecular weight of the enzyme was calculated to be 32 ± 5 kDa using SDS PAGE. The fruit’s total flavonoids and phenolic contents are 0.42 ± .030 g/mL and 94 ± 1.9 mg CAE, respectively. Anti-tumorigenic efficacy was determined to be 66% against Agrobacter...

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity

Insects are the most important creatures on earth, due to their multifunctional role in the envir... more Insects are the most important creatures on earth, due to their multifunctional role in the environment by providing different services such as biological indicator, decomposer, pollinator, scavenger, pest, predator in the agroecosystem. But with the passage of time due to anthropogenic activities such as, environmental pollution, industrial waste, use of effluents for agriculture purpose, the insect fauna has been facing the dramatic threat to their diversity particularly in most polluted areas. The present study was designed to find insects diversity variation under polluted environments (heavy metals) in agriculture fields having brassica and Rice crops. Two different sites, tannery and non-tannery area were selected for the sampling of insects. The total number of insects found in tannery area fields were 2195 and 3753 from the non-tannery area. The abundance of Melanoplus bivittatus (Say, 1825) was highest in non-tannery area and Acrida exaltata (Walker, 1859) was highest in tannery area fields. From the tannery area and non-tannery area, the maximum abundance 32% and 37% was found for order orthoptera. The cadmium concentration in tannery rice crops was 0.626 ppm and brassica concentration were 0.315 ppm. The concentration of cadmium in non-tannery area samples was 0.115 ppm for rice and 0.101 ppm for brassica plants while 0.1231 ppm for rice and 0.104 ppm for brassica insects. The concentration of lead in tannery areas of rice crops was 0.637 ppm and brassica concentration were 0.672 ppm. The concentration of lead in non-tannery area samples was 0.324 ppm for rice and 0.267 ppm for brassica plants while 0.214 ppm for rice and 0.266 ppm for brassica insects. The diversity and richness were recorded 3.11 and 3.525 for rice while 3.124 and 3.913 for brassica fields, respectively. The species maximum was seen in the non-tannery area and less abundance was recorded in the tannery area. It is further suggested that preventive measures should be taken to protect the insect diversity for balancing the ecological balance in the nature.

Journal of Entomological Research

Alternative Medicine Interventions for COVID-19, 2021

species are reported as the natural carrier (reservoir) of corona (SARS-CoV), as these bats which... more species are reported as the natural carrier (reservoir) of corona (SARS-CoV), as these bats which are supposed to carry alpha and beta corona are widely distributed in many areas of China. These coronaviruses (beta viruses) can infect humans, farm animals, pets, laboratory experimental model animals, bats, whales, and other wild animals, whereas other gamma and delta viruses can cause infections in pigs, other mammals, aquatic animals like fish, and poultry birds. The researchers are working to find the truth, and till today SARS-CoV is assumed to be of animal origin. Recent report of COVID-19-infected dog who get it from his owner supports the hypothesis of transmission from animals to humans. The possibility of transmission by travelers also alerts all countries which resulted in the cancelation of events and tourist visa to all affected countries [9]. Some diagnostic methodologies were adopted like real-time PCR, and some repurposed drugs were used as vaccine is still not available. About the origin of COVID-19, there are many assumptions like some suggested snakes as outbreak source, but other studies reported bat and pangolin as source of emergence of SARS-CoV-2. The abovementioned assumptions are based on the similarity of genome sequence of COVID-19 with pangolin or bat origin coronavirus [10]. This new virus is identified as a family member of Coronaviridae, subfamily of Orthocoronavirinae and order Nidovirales [11], and named as SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19. There are four genera of subfamily Orthocoronavirinae named as Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus, Gammacoronavirus, and Deltacoronavirus. Among these four, two can infect mammals which are Alphacoronavirus and Betacoronavirus. Six strains of coronaviruses which can cause severe respiratory disorders in mammals including humans have been identified [12]. These viruses can be placed in two groups on the basis of phylogenetic analysis: HCOV-229E, TGEV (transmissible gastroenteritis virus), and PEDV (porcine epidemic diarrhea virus) are in group one, whereas SARS-CoV, bovine coronavirus, and hepatitis virus of animal origin are in group two. Recently known COVID-19 is Betacoronavirus and its subgenus is named Sarbecovirus. This virus is genetically different from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV but all are Betacoronavirus. This presents 52% and 78% similarity with MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, respectively [13]. In the past, coronavirus outbreaks were twice reported as host-specific: the first case, the 2002-2003 SARS, found in human, and the origin of the virus was reported as from bats, and the second case was from Middle East countries where it was MERS which showed linked with camels. But SARS-CoV-2 seems to be able to cross the host species barriers which make these jumping phenomena a regular feature of CoV species [14]. The reason behind these phenomena may be gene configuration, enzyme or gene stability associated with replication, and abundance of mutation rates. All these reasons may help in the maintenance of hosts and emergence of novel coronavirus. The expansion in host range is associated with glycoprotein spike which helps in the adaptation of virus to hosts which can be human or any other animal [15, 16]. CoV viruses are usually known for respiratory diseases with mild infections and very low mortality rate [17-19]. These coronaviruses (beta viruses) can infect humans, farm animals, pets, laboratory experimental model animals, bats, whales,

Faisalabad who really helped and guided me in statistical analysis. I am truly indebted and thank... more Faisalabad who really helped and guided me in statistical analysis. I am truly indebted and thankful to all my family, dear friends and fellows who were real source of help and always gave time whenever is requested in spite of their busy schedule.

Toxoplasmosis, an important zoonotic parasitic disease-causing infection in humans and contaminat... more Toxoplasmosis, an important zoonotic parasitic disease-causing infection in humans and contaminating the environment. Cats are the sole source of spreading infection. Current study was designed to serodiagnoses in the flooded area, Jhang, Pakistan. Using rapid identification pen side strip test 316 pet cats were examined at CVAS, Jhang and other private clinics in that area. Rapid ID Chromatographic immune assay was performed to detect the antibodies for Feline toxoplasma IgM and IgG in serum. Related associated risk factors like breed, sex, contact with other livestock animals, deworming, location type (urban or rural area), diet (nature of food either cooked or uncooked meat), and outdoor access for wandering were also interviewed by owner. Total seroprevalence of cats was 10.4% (33/316). IgG antibodies were found 9.09 (29/316) while IgM antibodies were 2.21% (7/316) in cats. Seroprevalence was significantly high in cats older than one year. No significant difference was recorded ...

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, Jul 1, 2017

Fish meal is the first choice for fish feed manufacturers due to its highly important protein pro... more Fish meal is the first choice for fish feed manufacturers due to its highly important protein profile. But, because of unforecasted and limited supply of fish meal, researchers are focusing to utilize plants like soybean meal in place of fish meal in fish diet. In this project soybean meal based diets were supplemented with phytase (0 and 1000 FTU/kg) and Citric acid (0 and 2%) with the purpose to enhance availability of nutrients. After the completion of trial, Labeo rohita from each replicate were taken for mineral analysis. The data was statistically analyzed by the two way analysis of variance. Acidification and phytase supplementation increased (p<0.05) the whole body minerals including Ca

This research was conducted in order to investigate the allometric growth of wild male population... more This research was conducted in order to investigate the allometric growth of wild male population of Notopterous notopterous in Ghazi Ghat, river Indus. Forty-eight specimens of different body size ranging from 19.2 to 29.5 cm total length and 47.80 to 227.49 g body weight were used for the analysis of morphometric variable of head length, dorsal fin length, dorsal fin base, pectoral fin length, pectoral fin base, anal fin length, anal fin base, gap of mouth, body depth, body girth, eye diameter, inter orbital width, pre-orbital length, post orbital length, pre dorsal length, post dorsal length, pre pelvic distance and caudal fin length in Relation to total length and body weight. Slopes of the log transferred data were used to compare with an isometric slope and it was observed that all relations Showed very high correlations. Regression parameters were found to be highly Significant.

Diabetes, retinopathy, and cardiovascular diseases are alarmingly increasing day by day due to ma... more Diabetes, retinopathy, and cardiovascular diseases are alarmingly increasing day by day due to malnutrition and unhealthy lifestyle. Dietary life style may be the initial step for prevention of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Some other factors are also associated with life style like physical exercises, daily intake of vegetable, fruit, cereal, omega-3 fats, and tobacco and alcohol consumption. It is a common quote that eats healthy to stay healthy. Same is suggested by scientific data that carotenoids are important in the prevention of these diseases because of antioxidant and antiinflammatory action. Carotenoids have been proved by epidemiological studies to be protective against cardiovascular disease. All these reports need in vitro and intervention studies in well-controlled conditions so that these results will be more valid. Mixed results have been reported from interventional trials with some positive and many insignificant outcomes. These discoveries also recommended...

Pakistan Journal of Zoology, Nov 1, 2017

Journal of King Saud University - Science

Agronomy

The current study explores the methanolic extracts of the leaves and fruit of Aegle marmelos (Bae... more The current study explores the methanolic extracts of the leaves and fruit of Aegle marmelos (Bael) for their total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC), antioxidants, and antibiofilms, as well as its in ovo antiviral potential against Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The drug-likeliness thereof and the potential identification of an interaction—their molecular docking of ligands with target proteins by GOLD—was determined in silico using the Swiss ADME software. The total flavonoids content (TFC) was 135.17 ± 2.02 and 111.2 ± 3.67 mg QE/g, while the total phenolics content (TPC) was 185.02 ± 2.15 and 171.13 ± 6.73 mg GAE/g, in the fruit and leaves extracts, respectively. In a DPPH assay, the IC50 value for the methanolic extracts of leaves and fruit was 63.52 ± 1.48 and 52.06 ± 1.62. μg/mL d.w. The fruit extract of A. marmelos showed significantly higher reducing power (i.e., 59.32 ± 0.05 µmol/g d.w) than the leaves extract (p < 0.05). The biofilm-inhibition acti...

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology

Fish nutritionist have been working to formulate a fish feed with less pollution causing agents. ... more Fish nutritionist have been working to formulate a fish feed with less pollution causing agents. Plants by-products have been used as alternative to fish meal for both the purposes and experiments remain successful for some fish species. The present study was aimed to determine the sunflower meal suitability with citric acid supplementation for Labeo rohita by observing growth parameters. Three diets were prepared as 0, 15 and 30 g/kg citric acid. The fish were fed with experimental diets for two months. Results showed that the fish fed 0% citric acid had low phosphorus and calcium digestibility than that fed higher levels 15 and 30 g/kg of citric acid (p < 0.05). The growth performance of L. rohita was higher at the 30 g/kg supplementation level of citric acid and decreasing trend was observed with the decreasing level of citric acid. The above results indicated that the supplementation of CA could substitute the inclusion of inorganic phosphorus in L. rohita diets and the supplementation level was suggested to be 30 g/kg.