Dr. Naresh kalra - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Dr. Naresh kalra

For more than 40 years, IRRI has been both a major player and a platform for leveraging partnersh... more For more than 40 years, IRRI has been both a major player and a platform for leveraging partnerships. One partnership established in 1985 with the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR) and the Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR) were able to forge the Systems Analysis for Rice Production (SARP) project to develop and implement systems approaches in rice research. This effort led to greater understanding of weather, crop, soil, and pest interactions in rice and applications of rice models in estimating potential yields, yield gaps, optimal strategies for water and nitrogen management and agroecological zoning. It also resulted in collaboration among scientists of different disciplines using the systems approach as a common way of thinking. Building on the experiences with the systems research in SARP, IRRI, ICAR, and WUR decided in 1996 to continue their partnership to develop tools for land use analysis and planning. This 167-page joint publication of IRRI, ICAR,...

ABSTRACT Indo-Gangetic plains (IGP) region occupying a vast area over the states of Punjab, Harya... more ABSTRACT Indo-Gangetic plains (IGP) region occupying a vast area over the states of Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal in India is generally characterized by fertile soils, favourable climate and an abundant supply of water for agricultural production system. Agricultural factor productivity change indicates the sustainability and vulnerability of food security for the growing population. Analysis of factor productivity and yield gaps is needed for implication of policy formation regarding security of food system. This paper discusses factor productivity trends and yield gaps which are the keys to determine agricultural inputs use efficiency. Analysis of data revealed that the total factor productivity (TFPs) of rice, wheat, maize and mustard increased, although partial factor productivity (PFPs) of the crops for fertilizers and manures, irrigation and pesticides are in declining trend over the last decade in the Karnal district. The production can be increased by reducing yield gaps (attainable minus actual yields) viz. 48, 30, 35 and 52% for rice, wheat, maize and mustard, respectively.

ABSTRACT Soil information is the important input in determining crop suitability of different soi... more ABSTRACT Soil information is the important input in determining crop suitability of different soils. In order to have maximum yield and profit, integrated information of soil characteristics/qualities, climate and data on level of crop management are required. In this study, site-specific socio-economically viable knowledge-driven management system was adopted to increase farm profits by using the modern tools viz. Geographic Information System (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS). Soil physico-chemical characteristics viz. texture, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon (OC) content were used to integrate with rainfall data for better agriculture management options. For the Karnal district, village wise point data of soil texture, pH, EC and OC were interpolated for making the surface for each parameter by using GIS. Overlay of all the thematic layers were resulted 13 homogeneous soil units. This soil unit map was overlaped with generated rainfall map (4 zones), resulted 27 homogeneous land units.

ABSTRACT Site specific nutrient management is essential to arrest land degradation and recover so... more ABSTRACT Site specific nutrient management is essential to arrest land degradation and recover soil fertility and productivity as well as to reduce vulnerability of food production system to climate change. To address this issue, homogenous soil fertility map was generated for Karnal district, one of the important contributors to the food bowl (Indo-Gangetic Plain) of South Asia, by using geographic information system (GIS). Eight homogeneous soil fertility units were identified on the basis of organic carbon (OC) content, available phosphorus and potassium status in the soils. For each of the homogenous soil fertility units, optimum dose of fertilizer was worked out by simulation of QUEFTS model for targeted yields of rice (6.5 t/ha ), wheat (6 t/ha ) and maize (6.5 t/ha ) crops.

ABSTRACT Precision farming (PF) is one of the modern eco-friendly technologies which offer opport... more ABSTRACT Precision farming (PF) is one of the modern eco-friendly technologies which offer opportunities to optimize yields and profits and reduce pressure on natural resources, thereby leading to total quality management under heterogeneous and complex Indian farming systems. This technology is based upon blending the best of farmer’s local field knowledge with developments in geographic information systems (GIS), global positioning systems (GPS), remote sensing and the information technology. The success of the Precision Farming system relies on the integration of these technologies into a single system that can be operated at farm level with sustainable effort. It differs from conventional farming, which is based on uniform treatments across a field. The management of variability lies at the heart of precision farming. The technology may be relatively new to India, but the concept of precision management is not. Indian farmers have long known that soil conditions, fertility, moisture, etc. vary widely across a single field and that various parts within fields responded to different types of inputs and cultural practices. PF technology which has very well come up in developed countries may not be adopted as such in Indian farming systems due to its varying socio – economic condition from that of developed countries. Its relevance and adaptability in Indian agriculture is still a question mark? The relevance and constraints of adaptability of PF in Indian condition, present status and opportunities for its adoption in Indian agriculture is reviewed and the opportunities and possible strategy for its adoption in Indian agriculture is discussed in this paper.

Outlook on Agriculture, 2000

The north-western region of India is extremely important for food security and has contributed su... more The north-western region of India is extremely important for food security and has contributed substantially to the country's past agricultural growth. This has been possible largely because the region is endowed with good natural resources such as soils and water, and is relatively well developed in respect of markets and infrastructure. Rice and wheat are now commonly grown in double-cropping rotation and their average productivity varies from 2 to 5 t/ha. This needs to be increased substantially to meet growing demands due to the increasing population, urbanization and income growth. Concerns have been expressed lately that the rice–wheat system is causing environmental degradation in the region, and that there is a stagnation/decline in its productivity threatening food security. In this paper, the authors analyse the historical trends in yields of rice and wheat crops using regional statistics, long-term fertility experiments, other conventional field experiments and crop s...

Outlook on Agriculture, 2007

Climate change has emerged as the most prominent of the global environment issues and there is a ... more Climate change has emerged as the most prominent of the global environment issues and there is a need to evaluate its impact on agriculture. Crop simulation models help greatly in this regard. Crop models such as WTGROWS, INFOCROP, ORYZA and DSSAT have been widely used for land use planning, agri-production estimates, impact of climate change and environmental impact analysis. Vulnerable regions under future scenarios of climate change and adaptation strategies (agronomic and input management) have been evolved for many important crops by using simulation techniques. One of the simple empirical techniques for evaluating the impact of future climate change is through historic analysis of the response of crops to inter-seasonal climatic variability. The impact of temperature rise is different for crops grown under variable production environments. Interactions exist for changes in temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, solar radiation and rainfall on growth and yield of crops. Ada...

Agricultural Systems, 2006

Infocrop, a generic crop growth model was used to simulate the effect of Russian wheat aphid, Diu... more Infocrop, a generic crop growth model was used to simulate the effect of Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) damage on winter wheat at Fort Collins and Akron, Colorado state, USA,. Observed and simulated yield reductions in four experiments over a period of two years were found to be closely related (R 2 = 0.85). The aphid damage mechanisms coupled to the crop growth model could thus be validated through field experimental data. Economic injury levels for Russian wheat aphids determined with the validated model revealed that winter wheat was more prone to aphid attack during early growth stages than during late tillering and heading. Economic injury level changed among years and were directly related to cost of control but inversely related to market value of winter wheat. Infocrop and GPFARM were used to simulate effect of downy brome weed, Bromus tectorum L., at Hays, Kansas state, USA and Cheyenne, Wyoming state, USA and jointed goat grass, Aegilops cylindrica Host at Archer, Wyoming, USA on winter wheat. Both models simulated the effect of downy brome on winter wheat well. The average observed and simulated yield reductions with Infocrop over a period of three years were closely related (R 2 = 0.941

Agricultural Systems, 2006

The problems of agriculture in many tropical countries are gradually becoming more intense due to... more The problems of agriculture in many tropical countries are gradually becoming more intense due to increasing food demand led by population growth, stagnation in farm productivity, mounting yield losses due to multiple pests, increasing vulnerability to global environmental changes and the need to reduce emission of greenhouse gases. Tools and techniques are needed to assist in developing strategies that can lead to higher food production, prevent crop production losses, and ensure minimal greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining soil fertility. Several dynamic models have been developed in recent past but most of these are generally strong either in soils and crops, or in greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. Pest induced yield losses, a critical issue in the tropics, is not addressed in most models. InfoCrop, a generic dynamic crop model, has been developed to meet these specific requirements. It provides integrated assessment of the effect of weather, variety, pests, soil and management practices on crop growth and yield, as well as on soil nitrogen and organic carbon dynamics in aerobic as well as anaerobic conditions, and greenhouse gas emissions. The model considers the key processes related to crop growth, effects of water deficit, flooding, nitrogen management,

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Aug 8, 2023

In order to test the antioxidant activity of the chosen plant extracts, multiple techniques were ... more In order to test the antioxidant activity of the chosen plant extracts, multiple techniques were used. The purpose of this research aims to assess the qualities and treatment of diabetic patients in our nation. In order to distinguish the bioactive compounds and make their hypoglycemic effects clear, the study demonstrates the importance and focus on medicinal herbal plants. A medication derived from medicinal plants was crucial in addressing diabetes. The primary groups of anti-diabetic herbs now used in traditional medicine include Gymnema sylvastro, Allium cepa, Allium sativum, Aloe vera, Azadirachta indica, Syzygium cumini, etc.

Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research

Peptic ulcer, a common digestive ailment, has been considered as an inflammatory response and nec... more Peptic ulcer, a common digestive ailment, has been considered as an inflammatory response and necrotic lesions of the gastric mucosa. Peptic ulcer reaches intensely to the mucosal muscle layer in the stomach and duodenum. Various factors have been documented to be involved in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcers like Helicobacter pylori, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), acid and pepsin, genetics, and smoking. The conventional use of drugs like proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), histamine (H 2) receptor antagonists, antacids, potassium competitive acid blockers, and antibiotics has shown antiulcer effects. However, various researches have shown that herbal drugs can successfully treat peptic ulcers in preclinical and clinical models by different mechanisms. Many herbal drugs and their extracts from different parts like root, stem, leaf, flower, and seed showed potent ulcerprotective effects in the experimental setup. This review critically discusses the factors involved in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcers. In addition, the potential of herbal drug extracts has been highlighted in the present review.

Current organocatalysis, Mar 29, 2023

Siberian journal of life sciences and agriculture, Dec 25, 2022

Agriculture is regarded as one of the most crucial sectors in guaranteeing food security. However... more Agriculture is regarded as one of the most crucial sectors in guaranteeing food security. However, as the world's population grows, so do agri-food demands, necessitating a shift from traditional agricultural practices to smart agriculture practices, often known as agriculture 4.0. It is critical to recognize and handle the problems and challenges related with agriculture 4.0 in order to fully profit from its promise. As a result, the goal of this research is to contribute to the development of agriculture 4.0 by looking into the growing trends of digital technologies in the field of agriculture. A literature review is done to examine the scientific literature pertaining to crop farming published in the previous decade for this goal. This thorough examination yielded significant information on the existing state of digital technology in agriculture, as well as potential future opportunities.

For more than 40 years, IRRI has been both a major player and a platform for leveraging partnersh... more For more than 40 years, IRRI has been both a major player and a platform for leveraging partnerships. One partnership established in 1985 with the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR) and the Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR) were able to forge the Systems Analysis for Rice Production (SARP) project to develop and implement systems approaches in rice research. This effort led to greater understanding of weather, crop, soil, and pest interactions in rice and applications of rice models in estimating potential yields, yield gaps, optimal strategies for water and nitrogen management and agroecological zoning. It also resulted in collaboration among scientists of different disciplines using the systems approach as a common way of thinking. Building on the experiences with the systems research in SARP, IRRI, ICAR, and WUR decided in 1996 to continue their partnership to develop tools for land use analysis and planning. This 167-page joint publication of IRRI, ICAR,...

ABSTRACT Indo-Gangetic plains (IGP) region occupying a vast area over the states of Punjab, Harya... more ABSTRACT Indo-Gangetic plains (IGP) region occupying a vast area over the states of Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal in India is generally characterized by fertile soils, favourable climate and an abundant supply of water for agricultural production system. Agricultural factor productivity change indicates the sustainability and vulnerability of food security for the growing population. Analysis of factor productivity and yield gaps is needed for implication of policy formation regarding security of food system. This paper discusses factor productivity trends and yield gaps which are the keys to determine agricultural inputs use efficiency. Analysis of data revealed that the total factor productivity (TFPs) of rice, wheat, maize and mustard increased, although partial factor productivity (PFPs) of the crops for fertilizers and manures, irrigation and pesticides are in declining trend over the last decade in the Karnal district. The production can be increased by reducing yield gaps (attainable minus actual yields) viz. 48, 30, 35 and 52% for rice, wheat, maize and mustard, respectively.

ABSTRACT Soil information is the important input in determining crop suitability of different soi... more ABSTRACT Soil information is the important input in determining crop suitability of different soils. In order to have maximum yield and profit, integrated information of soil characteristics/qualities, climate and data on level of crop management are required. In this study, site-specific socio-economically viable knowledge-driven management system was adopted to increase farm profits by using the modern tools viz. Geographic Information System (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS). Soil physico-chemical characteristics viz. texture, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon (OC) content were used to integrate with rainfall data for better agriculture management options. For the Karnal district, village wise point data of soil texture, pH, EC and OC were interpolated for making the surface for each parameter by using GIS. Overlay of all the thematic layers were resulted 13 homogeneous soil units. This soil unit map was overlaped with generated rainfall map (4 zones), resulted 27 homogeneous land units.

ABSTRACT Site specific nutrient management is essential to arrest land degradation and recover so... more ABSTRACT Site specific nutrient management is essential to arrest land degradation and recover soil fertility and productivity as well as to reduce vulnerability of food production system to climate change. To address this issue, homogenous soil fertility map was generated for Karnal district, one of the important contributors to the food bowl (Indo-Gangetic Plain) of South Asia, by using geographic information system (GIS). Eight homogeneous soil fertility units were identified on the basis of organic carbon (OC) content, available phosphorus and potassium status in the soils. For each of the homogenous soil fertility units, optimum dose of fertilizer was worked out by simulation of QUEFTS model for targeted yields of rice (6.5 t/ha ), wheat (6 t/ha ) and maize (6.5 t/ha ) crops.

ABSTRACT Precision farming (PF) is one of the modern eco-friendly technologies which offer opport... more ABSTRACT Precision farming (PF) is one of the modern eco-friendly technologies which offer opportunities to optimize yields and profits and reduce pressure on natural resources, thereby leading to total quality management under heterogeneous and complex Indian farming systems. This technology is based upon blending the best of farmer’s local field knowledge with developments in geographic information systems (GIS), global positioning systems (GPS), remote sensing and the information technology. The success of the Precision Farming system relies on the integration of these technologies into a single system that can be operated at farm level with sustainable effort. It differs from conventional farming, which is based on uniform treatments across a field. The management of variability lies at the heart of precision farming. The technology may be relatively new to India, but the concept of precision management is not. Indian farmers have long known that soil conditions, fertility, moisture, etc. vary widely across a single field and that various parts within fields responded to different types of inputs and cultural practices. PF technology which has very well come up in developed countries may not be adopted as such in Indian farming systems due to its varying socio – economic condition from that of developed countries. Its relevance and adaptability in Indian agriculture is still a question mark? The relevance and constraints of adaptability of PF in Indian condition, present status and opportunities for its adoption in Indian agriculture is reviewed and the opportunities and possible strategy for its adoption in Indian agriculture is discussed in this paper.

Outlook on Agriculture, 2000

The north-western region of India is extremely important for food security and has contributed su... more The north-western region of India is extremely important for food security and has contributed substantially to the country's past agricultural growth. This has been possible largely because the region is endowed with good natural resources such as soils and water, and is relatively well developed in respect of markets and infrastructure. Rice and wheat are now commonly grown in double-cropping rotation and their average productivity varies from 2 to 5 t/ha. This needs to be increased substantially to meet growing demands due to the increasing population, urbanization and income growth. Concerns have been expressed lately that the rice–wheat system is causing environmental degradation in the region, and that there is a stagnation/decline in its productivity threatening food security. In this paper, the authors analyse the historical trends in yields of rice and wheat crops using regional statistics, long-term fertility experiments, other conventional field experiments and crop s...

Outlook on Agriculture, 2007

Climate change has emerged as the most prominent of the global environment issues and there is a ... more Climate change has emerged as the most prominent of the global environment issues and there is a need to evaluate its impact on agriculture. Crop simulation models help greatly in this regard. Crop models such as WTGROWS, INFOCROP, ORYZA and DSSAT have been widely used for land use planning, agri-production estimates, impact of climate change and environmental impact analysis. Vulnerable regions under future scenarios of climate change and adaptation strategies (agronomic and input management) have been evolved for many important crops by using simulation techniques. One of the simple empirical techniques for evaluating the impact of future climate change is through historic analysis of the response of crops to inter-seasonal climatic variability. The impact of temperature rise is different for crops grown under variable production environments. Interactions exist for changes in temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, solar radiation and rainfall on growth and yield of crops. Ada...

Agricultural Systems, 2006

Infocrop, a generic crop growth model was used to simulate the effect of Russian wheat aphid, Diu... more Infocrop, a generic crop growth model was used to simulate the effect of Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) damage on winter wheat at Fort Collins and Akron, Colorado state, USA,. Observed and simulated yield reductions in four experiments over a period of two years were found to be closely related (R 2 = 0.85). The aphid damage mechanisms coupled to the crop growth model could thus be validated through field experimental data. Economic injury levels for Russian wheat aphids determined with the validated model revealed that winter wheat was more prone to aphid attack during early growth stages than during late tillering and heading. Economic injury level changed among years and were directly related to cost of control but inversely related to market value of winter wheat. Infocrop and GPFARM were used to simulate effect of downy brome weed, Bromus tectorum L., at Hays, Kansas state, USA and Cheyenne, Wyoming state, USA and jointed goat grass, Aegilops cylindrica Host at Archer, Wyoming, USA on winter wheat. Both models simulated the effect of downy brome on winter wheat well. The average observed and simulated yield reductions with Infocrop over a period of three years were closely related (R 2 = 0.941

Agricultural Systems, 2006

The problems of agriculture in many tropical countries are gradually becoming more intense due to... more The problems of agriculture in many tropical countries are gradually becoming more intense due to increasing food demand led by population growth, stagnation in farm productivity, mounting yield losses due to multiple pests, increasing vulnerability to global environmental changes and the need to reduce emission of greenhouse gases. Tools and techniques are needed to assist in developing strategies that can lead to higher food production, prevent crop production losses, and ensure minimal greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining soil fertility. Several dynamic models have been developed in recent past but most of these are generally strong either in soils and crops, or in greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. Pest induced yield losses, a critical issue in the tropics, is not addressed in most models. InfoCrop, a generic dynamic crop model, has been developed to meet these specific requirements. It provides integrated assessment of the effect of weather, variety, pests, soil and management practices on crop growth and yield, as well as on soil nitrogen and organic carbon dynamics in aerobic as well as anaerobic conditions, and greenhouse gas emissions. The model considers the key processes related to crop growth, effects of water deficit, flooding, nitrogen management,

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Aug 8, 2023

In order to test the antioxidant activity of the chosen plant extracts, multiple techniques were ... more In order to test the antioxidant activity of the chosen plant extracts, multiple techniques were used. The purpose of this research aims to assess the qualities and treatment of diabetic patients in our nation. In order to distinguish the bioactive compounds and make their hypoglycemic effects clear, the study demonstrates the importance and focus on medicinal herbal plants. A medication derived from medicinal plants was crucial in addressing diabetes. The primary groups of anti-diabetic herbs now used in traditional medicine include Gymnema sylvastro, Allium cepa, Allium sativum, Aloe vera, Azadirachta indica, Syzygium cumini, etc.

Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research

Peptic ulcer, a common digestive ailment, has been considered as an inflammatory response and nec... more Peptic ulcer, a common digestive ailment, has been considered as an inflammatory response and necrotic lesions of the gastric mucosa. Peptic ulcer reaches intensely to the mucosal muscle layer in the stomach and duodenum. Various factors have been documented to be involved in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcers like Helicobacter pylori, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), acid and pepsin, genetics, and smoking. The conventional use of drugs like proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), histamine (H 2) receptor antagonists, antacids, potassium competitive acid blockers, and antibiotics has shown antiulcer effects. However, various researches have shown that herbal drugs can successfully treat peptic ulcers in preclinical and clinical models by different mechanisms. Many herbal drugs and their extracts from different parts like root, stem, leaf, flower, and seed showed potent ulcerprotective effects in the experimental setup. This review critically discusses the factors involved in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcers. In addition, the potential of herbal drug extracts has been highlighted in the present review.

Current organocatalysis, Mar 29, 2023

Siberian journal of life sciences and agriculture, Dec 25, 2022

Agriculture is regarded as one of the most crucial sectors in guaranteeing food security. However... more Agriculture is regarded as one of the most crucial sectors in guaranteeing food security. However, as the world's population grows, so do agri-food demands, necessitating a shift from traditional agricultural practices to smart agriculture practices, often known as agriculture 4.0. It is critical to recognize and handle the problems and challenges related with agriculture 4.0 in order to fully profit from its promise. As a result, the goal of this research is to contribute to the development of agriculture 4.0 by looking into the growing trends of digital technologies in the field of agriculture. A literature review is done to examine the scientific literature pertaining to crop farming published in the previous decade for this goal. This thorough examination yielded significant information on the existing state of digital technology in agriculture, as well as potential future opportunities.