Dr. P. Jothilakshmi - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Dr. P. Jothilakshmi

International journal of engineering technologies and management research, May 24, 2022

The primary objective of this paper is to discuss the recent advancements of Additive manufacturi... more The primary objective of this paper is to discuss the recent advancements of Additive manufacturing in the field of turbomachinery. The most challenging thing in real world is fabricating a large turbine or a propeller with short production run, less tool investment cost and finally less carbon print. Additive manufacturing not only achieves this but also provide several advantages over conventional machining process. This paper aims to elaborate current trends in additive manufacturing methods, history of AM, its advantages and challenges and AM's role in making the turbomachinery manufacturing easier.

Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2016

Post-menopausal bleeding (PMB) is usually caused by several endometrial conditions (hyperplasia a... more Post-menopausal bleeding (PMB) is usually caused by several endometrial conditions (hyperplasia and carcinoma) for which there are evidence-based treatments. However, there is little literature and no evidence-based treatments for a finding of proliferative endometrium without atypia on Pipelle endometrial biopsy in women presenting with PMB. Our aim is to explore management and treatment options for this subset of women. This is a retrospective, observational case series review of women presenting with PMB to a gynaecology rapid access clinic at a District General Hospital in Manchester, UK over a period of three weeks. Four women who were found to have a proliferative or secretory endometrium on endometrial Pipelle biopsy were chosen. Their history, examination findings, investigations, treatment and follow-up findings were then analysed. This case series has identified the management dilemma posed by patients with proliferative endometrium with no atypia on endometrial sampling. The four patients were followed-up with a repeat Pipelle endometrial biopsy six weeks after presentation to the specialist gynaecology unit. They were subsequently counselled or treated with oral progesterone therapy for six to eight weeks. The management options included the Mirena intrauterine system (IUS), oral progesterone therapy and discharging the patient back to primary care. There is no consensus on the importance of oral progesterone or the duration of follow up necessary to monitor for the development of endometrial hyperplasia or cancer in this subset of patients. Further research is needed to develop evidence-based, management guidelines for proliferative endometrium in women with PMB.

Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 2009

To find the primary referral reasons for labial reduction in adolescent girls. A retrospective re... more To find the primary referral reasons for labial reduction in adolescent girls. A retrospective review of six case notes of patients from July 2003 to January 2007. Pediatric and adolescent gynecology clinic. Unilateral or bilateral labial reduction. The procedure was done by standard trimming of the protuberant edge of the labia minora and over-sewing the edge with 3-0 vicryl rapide. The age ranged from 11 to 16 years old. The reasons for requesting labial reduction were labia getting caught in underwear, being prominent under swimwear, causing vulval irritation, and its appearance causing embarrassment. All the patients were satisfied with the outcome. Two groups requested labial reduction. In the first group the enlarged labia caused physical discomfort. In the other group the procedure was carried out for cosmetic reasons. It is important to carefully choose the patients in the later group, because it can otherwise lead to dissatisfaction and regret later on in life. The child can give consent if Gillick competent, but it is a good practice to involve person with parental responsibility in the process of making a decision.

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2006

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IET Communications, 2019

This study describes a design of conformal patch antenna for airborne applications especially in ... more This study describes a design of conformal patch antenna for airborne applications especially in measuring the velocity of ocean and river current. By considering the decorrelation time, precipitation, resolution, and size of the antenna, the current system operates within the C-band frequency range of 5.05-5.45 GHz. This design has achieved a bandwidth of 7.7% that helps in increasing the cross-range resolution. A maximum gain of 10 dB is achieved at the bore side angle. The normalised side lobe level (SLL) of −26 dB reduces aliasing by achieving higher pulse repetition rate. Defected ground structure (DGS) is used for suppressing higher harmonics and its effect has been explained with simulation results. As most aircrafts are made of carbon fibre composites (CFC), this antenna has been checked by mounting on CFC sheets for real-time analysis and shows good performance in terms of both measured and simulated results. The transmission line model of the proposed patch antenna and impedance matching network is also described with the corresponding circuits. The characteristic mode analysis is carried out to study the intuitive behaviour and to optimise the performance of patch antenna by analysing the performance metrics of different current modes.

2022 IEEE 6th Conference on Information and Communication Technology (CICT)

Human Reproduction, 2005

Sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) parameters are related to fertilization, blastocyst develo... more Sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) parameters are related to fertilization, blastocyst development, and ongoing pregnancy in in vitro fertilization and intracytoplamic sperm injection cycles. Fertil Steril 81,1289-1295.

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2006

1. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2006 Aug;26(6):584-5. Acute alopecia due to metformin treatment for polycys... more 1. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2006 Aug;26(6):584-5. Acute alopecia due to metformin treatment for polycystic ovarian syndrome. Jothilakshmi PK, Watson AJ, Jude E. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tameside Acute Care NHS Trust, UK. jothi27@aol.com. ...

─ In the high-speed Internet of Things (IOT) era, the aircraft on-board is one of the few places ... more ─ In the high-speed Internet of Things (IOT) era, the aircraft on-board is one of the few places that lacks high speed network access. The speed of this communication link between the ground station and the aircraft is limited by the transmitting antenna power, cost, latency and available infrastructure. The Direct Air to Ground (DATG) is a much-guaranteed technique which can provide a high-speed link between the ground station and aircraft. This paper describes a novel conformal microstrip patch antenna design which provides fourfold increase in bandwidth. As the bandwidth of an antenna mounted on the fuselage of aircraft is crucial to achieve higher data rate, this antenna performance is promising and suits better for DATG application. The proposed antenna with a size of (6.81 X 7.21cm) achieves a bandwidth of ~700MHz (5.032GHz to 5.73GHz) and max Gain of 9.53dB with max radiation efficiency of 93%. As this antenna is to be mounted on the aircraft fuselage, a substrate material, R...

2019 International Conference on Smart Structures and Systems (ICSSS), 2019

Recent communication systems require small size and wide band antennas. In satellite communicatio... more Recent communication systems require small size and wide band antennas. In satellite communications, due to the increased use of satellites, congestion has become a serious issue in low frequency bands. Hence new technologies are being explored so that higher bands may be used. Hence a fractal antenna for wide band applications is proposed. The antenna operates in the frequency band from 5.2 to 38.6 GHz for satellite applications in x, ku and ka band. The fractal theory is used to achieve wider band width. Microstrip feed is used as the feeding technique. The proposed structure consists of a decagonal radiating patch with three iterations. The antenna is designed using CST software. The proposed antenna has good s11 characteristics and VSWR. The gain of the antenna is linearly increasing.

This paper proposes the design of an Antenna-Filter-Antenna based on multilayer frequency selecti... more This paper proposes the design of an Antenna-Filter-Antenna based on multilayer frequency selective surface withfractals for X-band applications. The designed antenna is fed with aperture coupled feeding technique and fractal structure produces a dual band operation for the X-band applications.The proposed antenna uses both aperture coupled feeding technique and fractal geometry. The use of fractal geometry is to reduce the antenna size and to improve the multiband and broadband properties. In this aperture coupledfeeding the small rectangular slot is etched onto ground planes for coupling the energy between feed line and reference patch. The air gap is used to avoid the coupling problem with aperture slots and patch. The simulated results of various parameters like return loss, radiation pattern, directivity is presented. The designed antenna operates on dual band of 9.1 GHz and 10.8 GHz with increase in Gain and Bandwidth. Especially the proposed antenna used for radar communicati...

This paper proposes a modified multilayer Aperture Coupled Stacked Microstrip patch antenna. The ... more This paper proposes a modified multilayer Aperture Coupled Stacked Microstrip patch antenna. The multiband Circular Polarization is achieved by corner truncation, embedding slits and introducing inclined slots. A good quality Circular Polarisation performance is achieved by varying the size of the inclined slots and four corner truncations. In the third layer, additional central sphere is introduced providing wide bandwidth. Optimization is achieved by variation of the patch parameters. Finally, a comparison is made with respect to the number of layers of the antenna. The proposed design provides good results with three layers, achieving optimization. The Stacked Patch antenna provides better mobility, better orientation between the transmitter and receiver than the Linearly Polarized Antenna. The Satellite Communication performs better in C band (4-8) GHz and in X band (8-12) GHz than in Ku band (12-18) GHz. The objective is to obtain low axial ratio at the desired frequencies.

International journal of engineering research and technology, 2018

This paper proposes the design of a square patch antenna with fractals for C-band applications. T... more This paper proposes the design of a square patch antenna with fractals for C-band applications. The designed antenna, has been fed, with aperture coupled feeding technique and fractal structure produces a single band operation for the C-band applications. The simulated results for various parameters like return loss, radiation pattern etc have been presented. The designed antenna operates for single band at 5.4 GHz with increase in Gain and Bandwidth. Especially it is used for wireless communication ranging approx. from 5.2 GHz to 5.4 GHz. Such type of antennas is useful in Telecommunication, Wi-Fi, Satellite communication, Radar, Commercial and Military application. Key wordsSquare patch, Fractal antenna, Return loss, Directivity, Gain, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio

International journal of engineering research and technology, 2018

This paper proposes A Circularly Polarized Stacked Microstrip patch antenna. The Circular Polariz... more This paper proposes A Circularly Polarized Stacked Microstrip patch antenna. The Circular Polarization is achieved by corner truncation, embedding slits and slots. Circular Polarisation performance is achieved by varying the size of the inclined slots and corner truncations. Optimization is achieved by variation of the patch parameters. The Stacked Patch antenna provides better mobility, better orientation between the transmitter and receiver than the Linearly Polarized Antenna. The proposed antenna is designed to operate in C band (4-8) GHz for RFID and radar systems.

This paper proposes a modified wideband corner truncated wideband antenna using semi elliptical g... more This paper proposes a modified wideband corner truncated wideband antenna using semi elliptical ground plane for ultra wideband wireless application.These microstrip patches are excited using microstrip line feeding technique.To improve the gain performance quadrature portion of the circle part is removed both upper and lower edge corners and adding triangular slot is etched the ground plane model using defected ground structure (DGS).Afterthat truncate the diagonal corners for circular polarization and also improve the gain performance.It is designed in variety of shapes in order to obtain enhanced gain,directivity and bandwidth.The resonant frequency is 6.85 GHz and the flame retardant (FR4) substrate is used with dielectric constant 4.3 and thickness about 1.6 mm..During simulation process the gain, s-parameter, radiation pattern, vswr and directivity of proposed wideband antenna has been obtained.The feed network is designed and optimized using Computer Simulation Technology(CST...

The development of 5G Technology is aimed at increasing the current data rates existing in mobile... more The development of 5G Technology is aimed at increasing the current data rates existing in mobile communication. The existing 4G technology operates in the 2-8 GHz band and supports data rates of more than 20 Mbps while 3G, operating in the 1.8-2.5 GHz band supports data rates up to 2 Mbps. The developing 5G technology utilizes the sub 6 GHz band and millimeter wave bands of which are specified by FCC and is capable of supporting data rates up to 1 Gbps. With increasing demand for high data rates, 5G antenna proves to exhibit itself as potential candidate to meet the requirements of the subscribers. The project discusses the design of microstrip based antenna for operation in the S-band. A novel design comprising 1x2 microstrip array antenna is presented for 5G mobile communications. The proposed antenna is placed on a compact Rogers RT duroid 5880 lossy dielectric substrate with a relative permittivity of 2.2. A gain of 9.44 dB was achieved for a 1x2 microstrip array antenna with good return loss of-24 dB; VSWR is under 2 and radiation efficiency 81.52%. The antenna is designed and optimized using CST Microwave Studio Suite. Index terms-Microstrip patch antenna, 5G, VSWR, ReturnLoss, different patch materials, CST design I.INTRODUCTION Micro-strip patch antenna plays a vital role in the fastest growing wireless communications industry and today we cannot think of any development in wireless communication without changes in microstrip patch antenna technology. To establish the communication between the wireless devices on higher frequency band such as millimeter wave band, we need the antennas which are conformal, small and compact , cheap and easy to fabrication. So printed antennas have been preferred due to their advantages over other radiating antennas. The recent trends shows that the wireless communication has evolved at a fast rate. 5G wireless standard has evolved to be

i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 2019

i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 2019

IETE Journal of Research, 2020

This paper explains the novel conformal antenna design that achieves better Bandwidth (0.53 GHz) ... more This paper explains the novel conformal antenna design that achieves better Bandwidth (0.53 GHz) and Gain (9 dB) with slim and flexible substrate suitable for aircraft fuselage mounting. The achieved Bandwidth of 10.2% around the operating frequency of 5.2 GHz helps in improving the cross-range resolution of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). The obtained gain increases the cross-range coverage and reduces the aerodynamic drag. The parametric study of the structure is presented along with the explanation to provide the physical insight of each parameter with the help of transmission line model and surface current analysis. Already available prominent design techniques, to improve the bandwidth, are also discussed along with its limitations to use it in aircraft applications. The RT Duroid 5880 is selected for its low loss, high gain and conformability nature.

International journal of engineering technologies and management research, May 24, 2022

The primary objective of this paper is to discuss the recent advancements of Additive manufacturi... more The primary objective of this paper is to discuss the recent advancements of Additive manufacturing in the field of turbomachinery. The most challenging thing in real world is fabricating a large turbine or a propeller with short production run, less tool investment cost and finally less carbon print. Additive manufacturing not only achieves this but also provide several advantages over conventional machining process. This paper aims to elaborate current trends in additive manufacturing methods, history of AM, its advantages and challenges and AM's role in making the turbomachinery manufacturing easier.

Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2016

Post-menopausal bleeding (PMB) is usually caused by several endometrial conditions (hyperplasia a... more Post-menopausal bleeding (PMB) is usually caused by several endometrial conditions (hyperplasia and carcinoma) for which there are evidence-based treatments. However, there is little literature and no evidence-based treatments for a finding of proliferative endometrium without atypia on Pipelle endometrial biopsy in women presenting with PMB. Our aim is to explore management and treatment options for this subset of women. This is a retrospective, observational case series review of women presenting with PMB to a gynaecology rapid access clinic at a District General Hospital in Manchester, UK over a period of three weeks. Four women who were found to have a proliferative or secretory endometrium on endometrial Pipelle biopsy were chosen. Their history, examination findings, investigations, treatment and follow-up findings were then analysed. This case series has identified the management dilemma posed by patients with proliferative endometrium with no atypia on endometrial sampling. The four patients were followed-up with a repeat Pipelle endometrial biopsy six weeks after presentation to the specialist gynaecology unit. They were subsequently counselled or treated with oral progesterone therapy for six to eight weeks. The management options included the Mirena intrauterine system (IUS), oral progesterone therapy and discharging the patient back to primary care. There is no consensus on the importance of oral progesterone or the duration of follow up necessary to monitor for the development of endometrial hyperplasia or cancer in this subset of patients. Further research is needed to develop evidence-based, management guidelines for proliferative endometrium in women with PMB.

Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 2009

To find the primary referral reasons for labial reduction in adolescent girls. A retrospective re... more To find the primary referral reasons for labial reduction in adolescent girls. A retrospective review of six case notes of patients from July 2003 to January 2007. Pediatric and adolescent gynecology clinic. Unilateral or bilateral labial reduction. The procedure was done by standard trimming of the protuberant edge of the labia minora and over-sewing the edge with 3-0 vicryl rapide. The age ranged from 11 to 16 years old. The reasons for requesting labial reduction were labia getting caught in underwear, being prominent under swimwear, causing vulval irritation, and its appearance causing embarrassment. All the patients were satisfied with the outcome. Two groups requested labial reduction. In the first group the enlarged labia caused physical discomfort. In the other group the procedure was carried out for cosmetic reasons. It is important to carefully choose the patients in the later group, because it can otherwise lead to dissatisfaction and regret later on in life. The child can give consent if Gillick competent, but it is a good practice to involve person with parental responsibility in the process of making a decision.

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2006

RefDoc Refdoc est un service / is powered by. ...

IET Communications, 2019

This study describes a design of conformal patch antenna for airborne applications especially in ... more This study describes a design of conformal patch antenna for airborne applications especially in measuring the velocity of ocean and river current. By considering the decorrelation time, precipitation, resolution, and size of the antenna, the current system operates within the C-band frequency range of 5.05-5.45 GHz. This design has achieved a bandwidth of 7.7% that helps in increasing the cross-range resolution. A maximum gain of 10 dB is achieved at the bore side angle. The normalised side lobe level (SLL) of −26 dB reduces aliasing by achieving higher pulse repetition rate. Defected ground structure (DGS) is used for suppressing higher harmonics and its effect has been explained with simulation results. As most aircrafts are made of carbon fibre composites (CFC), this antenna has been checked by mounting on CFC sheets for real-time analysis and shows good performance in terms of both measured and simulated results. The transmission line model of the proposed patch antenna and impedance matching network is also described with the corresponding circuits. The characteristic mode analysis is carried out to study the intuitive behaviour and to optimise the performance of patch antenna by analysing the performance metrics of different current modes.

2022 IEEE 6th Conference on Information and Communication Technology (CICT)

Human Reproduction, 2005

Sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) parameters are related to fertilization, blastocyst develo... more Sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) parameters are related to fertilization, blastocyst development, and ongoing pregnancy in in vitro fertilization and intracytoplamic sperm injection cycles. Fertil Steril 81,1289-1295.

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2006

1. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2006 Aug;26(6):584-5. Acute alopecia due to metformin treatment for polycys... more 1. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2006 Aug;26(6):584-5. Acute alopecia due to metformin treatment for polycystic ovarian syndrome. Jothilakshmi PK, Watson AJ, Jude E. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tameside Acute Care NHS Trust, UK. jothi27@aol.com. ...

─ In the high-speed Internet of Things (IOT) era, the aircraft on-board is one of the few places ... more ─ In the high-speed Internet of Things (IOT) era, the aircraft on-board is one of the few places that lacks high speed network access. The speed of this communication link between the ground station and the aircraft is limited by the transmitting antenna power, cost, latency and available infrastructure. The Direct Air to Ground (DATG) is a much-guaranteed technique which can provide a high-speed link between the ground station and aircraft. This paper describes a novel conformal microstrip patch antenna design which provides fourfold increase in bandwidth. As the bandwidth of an antenna mounted on the fuselage of aircraft is crucial to achieve higher data rate, this antenna performance is promising and suits better for DATG application. The proposed antenna with a size of (6.81 X 7.21cm) achieves a bandwidth of ~700MHz (5.032GHz to 5.73GHz) and max Gain of 9.53dB with max radiation efficiency of 93%. As this antenna is to be mounted on the aircraft fuselage, a substrate material, R...

2019 International Conference on Smart Structures and Systems (ICSSS), 2019

Recent communication systems require small size and wide band antennas. In satellite communicatio... more Recent communication systems require small size and wide band antennas. In satellite communications, due to the increased use of satellites, congestion has become a serious issue in low frequency bands. Hence new technologies are being explored so that higher bands may be used. Hence a fractal antenna for wide band applications is proposed. The antenna operates in the frequency band from 5.2 to 38.6 GHz for satellite applications in x, ku and ka band. The fractal theory is used to achieve wider band width. Microstrip feed is used as the feeding technique. The proposed structure consists of a decagonal radiating patch with three iterations. The antenna is designed using CST software. The proposed antenna has good s11 characteristics and VSWR. The gain of the antenna is linearly increasing.

This paper proposes the design of an Antenna-Filter-Antenna based on multilayer frequency selecti... more This paper proposes the design of an Antenna-Filter-Antenna based on multilayer frequency selective surface withfractals for X-band applications. The designed antenna is fed with aperture coupled feeding technique and fractal structure produces a dual band operation for the X-band applications.The proposed antenna uses both aperture coupled feeding technique and fractal geometry. The use of fractal geometry is to reduce the antenna size and to improve the multiband and broadband properties. In this aperture coupledfeeding the small rectangular slot is etched onto ground planes for coupling the energy between feed line and reference patch. The air gap is used to avoid the coupling problem with aperture slots and patch. The simulated results of various parameters like return loss, radiation pattern, directivity is presented. The designed antenna operates on dual band of 9.1 GHz and 10.8 GHz with increase in Gain and Bandwidth. Especially the proposed antenna used for radar communicati...

This paper proposes a modified multilayer Aperture Coupled Stacked Microstrip patch antenna. The ... more This paper proposes a modified multilayer Aperture Coupled Stacked Microstrip patch antenna. The multiband Circular Polarization is achieved by corner truncation, embedding slits and introducing inclined slots. A good quality Circular Polarisation performance is achieved by varying the size of the inclined slots and four corner truncations. In the third layer, additional central sphere is introduced providing wide bandwidth. Optimization is achieved by variation of the patch parameters. Finally, a comparison is made with respect to the number of layers of the antenna. The proposed design provides good results with three layers, achieving optimization. The Stacked Patch antenna provides better mobility, better orientation between the transmitter and receiver than the Linearly Polarized Antenna. The Satellite Communication performs better in C band (4-8) GHz and in X band (8-12) GHz than in Ku band (12-18) GHz. The objective is to obtain low axial ratio at the desired frequencies.

International journal of engineering research and technology, 2018

This paper proposes the design of a square patch antenna with fractals for C-band applications. T... more This paper proposes the design of a square patch antenna with fractals for C-band applications. The designed antenna, has been fed, with aperture coupled feeding technique and fractal structure produces a single band operation for the C-band applications. The simulated results for various parameters like return loss, radiation pattern etc have been presented. The designed antenna operates for single band at 5.4 GHz with increase in Gain and Bandwidth. Especially it is used for wireless communication ranging approx. from 5.2 GHz to 5.4 GHz. Such type of antennas is useful in Telecommunication, Wi-Fi, Satellite communication, Radar, Commercial and Military application. Key wordsSquare patch, Fractal antenna, Return loss, Directivity, Gain, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio

International journal of engineering research and technology, 2018

This paper proposes A Circularly Polarized Stacked Microstrip patch antenna. The Circular Polariz... more This paper proposes A Circularly Polarized Stacked Microstrip patch antenna. The Circular Polarization is achieved by corner truncation, embedding slits and slots. Circular Polarisation performance is achieved by varying the size of the inclined slots and corner truncations. Optimization is achieved by variation of the patch parameters. The Stacked Patch antenna provides better mobility, better orientation between the transmitter and receiver than the Linearly Polarized Antenna. The proposed antenna is designed to operate in C band (4-8) GHz for RFID and radar systems.

This paper proposes a modified wideband corner truncated wideband antenna using semi elliptical g... more This paper proposes a modified wideband corner truncated wideband antenna using semi elliptical ground plane for ultra wideband wireless application.These microstrip patches are excited using microstrip line feeding technique.To improve the gain performance quadrature portion of the circle part is removed both upper and lower edge corners and adding triangular slot is etched the ground plane model using defected ground structure (DGS).Afterthat truncate the diagonal corners for circular polarization and also improve the gain performance.It is designed in variety of shapes in order to obtain enhanced gain,directivity and bandwidth.The resonant frequency is 6.85 GHz and the flame retardant (FR4) substrate is used with dielectric constant 4.3 and thickness about 1.6 mm..During simulation process the gain, s-parameter, radiation pattern, vswr and directivity of proposed wideband antenna has been obtained.The feed network is designed and optimized using Computer Simulation Technology(CST...

The development of 5G Technology is aimed at increasing the current data rates existing in mobile... more The development of 5G Technology is aimed at increasing the current data rates existing in mobile communication. The existing 4G technology operates in the 2-8 GHz band and supports data rates of more than 20 Mbps while 3G, operating in the 1.8-2.5 GHz band supports data rates up to 2 Mbps. The developing 5G technology utilizes the sub 6 GHz band and millimeter wave bands of which are specified by FCC and is capable of supporting data rates up to 1 Gbps. With increasing demand for high data rates, 5G antenna proves to exhibit itself as potential candidate to meet the requirements of the subscribers. The project discusses the design of microstrip based antenna for operation in the S-band. A novel design comprising 1x2 microstrip array antenna is presented for 5G mobile communications. The proposed antenna is placed on a compact Rogers RT duroid 5880 lossy dielectric substrate with a relative permittivity of 2.2. A gain of 9.44 dB was achieved for a 1x2 microstrip array antenna with good return loss of-24 dB; VSWR is under 2 and radiation efficiency 81.52%. The antenna is designed and optimized using CST Microwave Studio Suite. Index terms-Microstrip patch antenna, 5G, VSWR, ReturnLoss, different patch materials, CST design I.INTRODUCTION Micro-strip patch antenna plays a vital role in the fastest growing wireless communications industry and today we cannot think of any development in wireless communication without changes in microstrip patch antenna technology. To establish the communication between the wireless devices on higher frequency band such as millimeter wave band, we need the antennas which are conformal, small and compact , cheap and easy to fabrication. So printed antennas have been preferred due to their advantages over other radiating antennas. The recent trends shows that the wireless communication has evolved at a fast rate. 5G wireless standard has evolved to be

i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 2019

i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems, 2019

IETE Journal of Research, 2020

This paper explains the novel conformal antenna design that achieves better Bandwidth (0.53 GHz) ... more This paper explains the novel conformal antenna design that achieves better Bandwidth (0.53 GHz) and Gain (9 dB) with slim and flexible substrate suitable for aircraft fuselage mounting. The achieved Bandwidth of 10.2% around the operating frequency of 5.2 GHz helps in improving the cross-range resolution of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). The obtained gain increases the cross-range coverage and reduces the aerodynamic drag. The parametric study of the structure is presented along with the explanation to provide the physical insight of each parameter with the help of transmission line model and surface current analysis. Already available prominent design techniques, to improve the bandwidth, are also discussed along with its limitations to use it in aircraft applications. The RT Duroid 5880 is selected for its low loss, high gain and conformability nature.