Dr. Ramesh Chander Bhagat - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Dr. Ramesh Chander Bhagat
International Journal of Current Research in Biosciences and Plant Biology, Jan 6, 2018
This paper deals with a total of 22 species of 14 genera, belonging to noctuid moth caterpillars,... more This paper deals with a total of 22 species of 14 genera, belonging to noctuid moth caterpillars, under subfamily Amphipyrinae (2 spp.), Catocalinae (1sp.), Cuculiinae (3 spp.), Heliothinae (2 spp.), Noctuinae (8 spp.) and Plusiinae (6 spp.). These noctuid species have been found to be feeding on 56 spp. of agricultural crops, economically important plants and water weed. Of the total caterpillar species, under 6 sub-families, 14 spp. of various sub-families, excepting Cuculiinae, are associated with different agricultural crops. This accounts for 63.63% of noctuid-fauna studied. The highest number of caterpillar species i.e. 13 (Cuculines, Heliothines, Noctuines and Plusiines), feed on 28 spp. of medicinal / aromatic plants. This is followed by8 spp. of noctuids, devouring vegetable crops (9 spp.). 6 spp. of caterpillars are associated with 4 spp. of cereal / food crops, 4 spp. with legumes (5spp.), 3 spp. feeding fodder crops (3 spp.), 2 spp. each associated with fruit crop/tree (2 spp.), ornamental plants (2 spp.) and rape seed, and 1 sp. each of caterpillar feeding on mulberry and common water hyacinth, belonging to different subfamilies of noctuid moths. An up-to-date systematic Checklist of noctuids, associated with crops and plant species, has been provided. Besides, species diversity of noctuid-fauna on host crops/ plants, has been included.
International Journal of Current Research and Academic Review, 2016
There is an evergreen demand for ornamental shrimps in the scope of planted aquarium or in dedica... more There is an evergreen demand for ornamental shrimps in the scope of planted aquarium or in dedicated aquaria this exponential growth in the demand needs a steady supply of stocks so the main objective of this research is to develop a standard hatchery technology for fresh water ornamental shrimps. An endemic species Indian White banded Shrimp, Caridina cf. babaulti was selected, as the documented information about the species is scare. Thus, this study was conducted to gather some information on its breeding behavior and life cycle until first maturity in laboratory condition.10 pairs of Indian White banded Shrimp, Caridina cf. babaulti are kept in confined system separately. The tanks are populated with common aquatic plants (Java fern Microsorum pteropus, Amazon sword Echinodorus bleherae, Anubias nana, Cryptocoryne sp., Rotala indica and mosses (java moss Taxiphyllum barbieri, Christmas moss Vesicularia montagnei) and regulated with periodic photoperiods and Co2 supply. With carefully monitored water quality parameters, the selected species was bred in confined system. It was observed that water temperature is one of the parameter that played a crucial role in influencing the spawning behavior of the species. Larvae assume a benthic lifestyle after hatching, i.e. they are miniature versions of the adults. There is no planktonic larval stage. The hatchlings of this shrimp are extremely small and grow slowly.
Composites, 1988
Stainless steel wire-reinforced aluminium matrix composites with a fibre volume fraction up to 40... more Stainless steel wire-reinforced aluminium matrix composites with a fibre volume fraction up to 40% were fabricated by high pressure squeeze casting. The mechanical properties of these composites were investigated and it was found that their tensile strength was somewhat lower than that predicted by the rule-of-mixtures; failure occurred predominantly by fibre pull-out. Details of the optical microscopic studies and the microhardness data are presented. This reveals that the fibre-to-matrix bonding is relatively weak as a result of the more-than-desirable interfacial reaction. Several inter-metallic compounds have been identified at the interface. Growth kinetics of these interface intermetallic compounds arediscussed.
Organic Process Research & Development, 2004
... Ganapati D. Yadav* and Ramesh D. Bhagat. ... Exploiting Nanospace for Asymmetric Catalysis: C... more ... Ganapati D. Yadav* and Ramesh D. Bhagat. ... Exploiting Nanospace for Asymmetric Catalysis: Confinement of Immobilized, Single-Site Chiral Catalysts Enhances Enantioselectivity. John Meurig Thomas and Robert Raja. Accounts of Chemical Research 2008 41 (6), 708-720. ...
Topics in Catalysis, 2014
The hydrogenation of b pinene over homogeneous and anchored Wilkinson's catalysts was studied. Ph... more The hydrogenation of b pinene over homogeneous and anchored Wilkinson's catalysts was studied. Phosphotungstic acid was used to anchor the Wilkinson catalyst to an alumina support by an interaction between the heteropoly acid and the rhodium atom of the complex. The hydrogenation of b pinene over the anchored catalyst was accompanied by some isomerization to a-pinene which was subsequently hydrogenated along with the b pinene to the pinanes with selectivities to the cis (endo) pinane in the 85-88 % range at near 100 % conversion. With the homogeneous Wilkinson catalyst an 88 % selectivity to cis pinane was also observed but only at 82 % conversion. The use of a 1 % Rh/Al 2 O 3 catalyst for this hydrogenation gave some unexpected results. There was a facile isomerization to a pinene which was not hydrogenated further. The reaction stopped at about 30 % conversion at which time the cis and trans pinanes were present in near equal amounts in about 16-18 % yields.
The present invention is in the field of producing acrylic acid and its derivatives from lactic a... more The present invention is in the field of producing acrylic acid and its derivatives from lactic acid and lactic acid derivatives manufactured from the fermentation of biological feedstock. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 0003 Lactic acid, 2-hydroxy-propionic acid (also known as C.-hydroxy-propionic acid), is one of the commodity chemicals produced from biomass through fermentation at low cost. Lactic acid possesses a hydroxyl group and a car boxyl group. The presence of two different functional groups makes lactic acid an attractive feedstock for the production of number of commodity organic chemicals such as poly L-lac tic acid, acrylic acid, 2,3-pentanedione, pyruvic acid, propi onic acid, 1,2-propanediol, acetaldehyde, dilactide and alkyl lactate which are traditionally derived from petrochemical feedstock. The increase in the oil price accompanied by an increase in the efficiency of production of lactic acid through biological fermentation using renewable resources has made the conversion of lactic acid to various commodity chemicals more attractive. It has become an economically viable option for commercial production of acrylic acid using lactic acid derived from biological resources. 0004 Acrylic acid, an O.B unsaturated acid is one of the commodity chemicals that can be derived from lactic acid through a single-step catalytic dehydration. During 2010 about 4,400,000 metric tons of acrylic acid and about 3,900, 000 metric tons of acrylate ester were produced from petro chemical feedstock by two-step gas-phase oxidation of pro pylene. Acrylic acid is used in the manufacture of polymeric flocculants, Super absorbents, dispersants, coatings, paints, adhesives, paper products, construction chemicals, water treatment chemicals, and binders for leather, paper and tex tile.
Organic Process Research & Development, 2013
Propylene glycol is formed in yields of up to 95% at 100% conversion using a Raney Cu catalyst ... more Propylene glycol is formed in yields of up to 95% at 100% conversion using a Raney Cu catalyst in a fixed bed reactor. The reaction uses an 80% aqueous glycerol solution and a hydrogen pressure of psi. The primary by-product is ethylene glycol formed in 1-3% yield. In a reaction run continuously for 24 d using a sample of a commercial preparation of Raney Cu, the selectivity to propylene glycol at 100% glycerol conversion was 94.6% with a Space Time Yield (STY) of 0.49 g of 1,2-propylene glycol/cc Raney Cu/h. Ethylene glycol was formed in 2.5% yield while methanol, ethanol, n-propanol 1,3-propylene glycol and acetol were present in less than 1% yield.
Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 2005
ABSTRACT
Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 2005
... 1995; Yadav and Sharma 1983). Several non-zeolitic catalysts have been evaluated in our labor... more ... 1995; Yadav and Sharma 1983). Several non-zeolitic catalysts have been evaluated in our laboratory for esterification reactions (Yadav et al. 1992; Yadav and Mehta 1994; Yadav and Nair 1999; Yadav and Krish-nan 1998; Yadav and Thathagar 2002; Yadav and ...
International Journal of Current Research in Biosciences and Plant Biology, 2016
This paper deals with a total of 44 species of Coleopterans (Insecta), under 35 genera, belonging... more This paper deals with a total of 44 species of Coleopterans (Insecta), under 35 genera, belonging to 9 families. These insect species are associated with 7 spp. of cereal crops (of 2 families), 10 spp. of vegetable crops (5 families) and 35 spp. of medicinal plants (14 families), occurring in diverse habitats in vast localities of Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh regions of J & K State. The Coleopteran species, infesting cereal crops, vegetable crops and medicinal plants accounts for 25%, 36.36% and 50 % respectively of the total Coleopteran-fauna associated with crops and medicinal plants studied. The highest number of species of Coleopterans i.e. 14, pertaining to the family Curculionidae, is associated with host crops (cereals, vegetables) and medicinal plant species. This is followed by family Chrysomelidae and Scarabaeidae, with 11 spp. and 9 spp. respectively. Rest of the Coleopteran families show number of species either 2 spp. or 1 sp., associated with the vegetable crops and medicinal plant species. The family Solanaceae, including vegetable crops and medicinal plants, is affected by highest number of Coleopteran species, 13 (29.54 %). This is followed by cereal crop families, Fabaceae and Poaceae, affected by 6 spp. (13.63 %) each of Coleopteran. An updated systematic checklist of Coleopteran-fauna associated with host cereal and vegetable crops, and medicinal plant species has been given. Apart from this, a Catalogue on Host species-Coleopteran species complex, has been added.
International Journal of Current Research in Biosciences and Plant Biology, 2016
The present paper deals with a total of 64 species of beetles and weevils (Coleoptera), belonging... more The present paper deals with a total of 64 species of beetles and weevils (Coleoptera), belonging to 52 genera, under 14 families, associated with diverse species of forest and mulberry plantations, occurring in vast areas and localities of Jammu and Kashmir State. The Coleopteran species of forestry and mulberry importance accounts for 73.43 % and 35.93 % respectively. The Coleopteran-fauna (47 spp.), spread over 12 families, is found to be infesting forest trees,viz. Ash, Benne, Birch, Conifers, Elms, Ivy, Maple, Oak, Parrotia, Plane tree, Poplars, Robinia, Salix, and Yew. Of these trees, Pines showed highest number of Coleopteran species i.e. 18, under 6 families, followed by Poplars, with 15 spp. (4 families) and Cedars, having 14 spp. (4 families) The Mulberry plantations (Morus spp.) both endemic as well as exotic, have been observed to be infesting 23 spp. of Coleopterans, distributed over 6 families. The Cerambycidae family is a dominant family, with 7 spp., associated with mulberry trees. This family in dominance is followed by Coccinellidae and Scarabaeidae, having 4 spp. each. An upto-date systematic faunal Checklist has been provided. Besides this, information on biodiversity has been given.
International Journal of Current Research in Biosciences and Plant Biology, 2017
This paper deals with 47 species of Coleopterans, belonging to 37 genera, distributed over 11 fam... more This paper deals with 47 species of Coleopterans, belonging to 37 genera, distributed over 11 families, are associated with different kinds of fruit plantations, occurring in vast localities and areas of Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh regions. The drupaceous fruit crops (stone, nut, ber), pome (apple, pear quince), berries and aggregate, have been found to be infested with 26 spp., 21 spp., 9 spp. and 1 sp. of Coleopterans under different families respectively. The apple fruit trees /crops (Malus domestica), showed highest number of Coleopteran species i.e., 21, belonging to 8 families. This accounts for 44.68% of total Coleopteran-fauna of this region studied. This is followed by nut fruit crop (Juglans regia), with 12 spp. of Coleopterans species, accounts for 25.53% of total Coleopteran species of horticultural importance. The Scarabaeidae is found to be dominant family, having 15 spp., infesting diverse fruit plantations. This family in dominance is followed by Curculionidae, having 10 species damaging fruit plantations of J & K State. An up-todate annotated systematic Check list has been provided. Besides this, information on biodiversity has also been given.
International Journal of Current Research in Biosciences and Plant Biology, Jan 6, 2018
This paper deals with a total of 22 species of 14 genera, belonging to noctuid moth caterpillars,... more This paper deals with a total of 22 species of 14 genera, belonging to noctuid moth caterpillars, under subfamily Amphipyrinae (2 spp.), Catocalinae (1sp.), Cuculiinae (3 spp.), Heliothinae (2 spp.), Noctuinae (8 spp.) and Plusiinae (6 spp.). These noctuid species have been found to be feeding on 56 spp. of agricultural crops, economically important plants and water weed. Of the total caterpillar species, under 6 sub-families, 14 spp. of various sub-families, excepting Cuculiinae, are associated with different agricultural crops. This accounts for 63.63% of noctuid-fauna studied. The highest number of caterpillar species i.e. 13 (Cuculines, Heliothines, Noctuines and Plusiines), feed on 28 spp. of medicinal / aromatic plants. This is followed by8 spp. of noctuids, devouring vegetable crops (9 spp.). 6 spp. of caterpillars are associated with 4 spp. of cereal / food crops, 4 spp. with legumes (5spp.), 3 spp. feeding fodder crops (3 spp.), 2 spp. each associated with fruit crop/tree (2 spp.), ornamental plants (2 spp.) and rape seed, and 1 sp. each of caterpillar feeding on mulberry and common water hyacinth, belonging to different subfamilies of noctuid moths. An up-to-date systematic Checklist of noctuids, associated with crops and plant species, has been provided. Besides, species diversity of noctuid-fauna on host crops/ plants, has been included.
International Journal of Current Research and Academic Review, 2016
There is an evergreen demand for ornamental shrimps in the scope of planted aquarium or in dedica... more There is an evergreen demand for ornamental shrimps in the scope of planted aquarium or in dedicated aquaria this exponential growth in the demand needs a steady supply of stocks so the main objective of this research is to develop a standard hatchery technology for fresh water ornamental shrimps. An endemic species Indian White banded Shrimp, Caridina cf. babaulti was selected, as the documented information about the species is scare. Thus, this study was conducted to gather some information on its breeding behavior and life cycle until first maturity in laboratory condition.10 pairs of Indian White banded Shrimp, Caridina cf. babaulti are kept in confined system separately. The tanks are populated with common aquatic plants (Java fern Microsorum pteropus, Amazon sword Echinodorus bleherae, Anubias nana, Cryptocoryne sp., Rotala indica and mosses (java moss Taxiphyllum barbieri, Christmas moss Vesicularia montagnei) and regulated with periodic photoperiods and Co2 supply. With carefully monitored water quality parameters, the selected species was bred in confined system. It was observed that water temperature is one of the parameter that played a crucial role in influencing the spawning behavior of the species. Larvae assume a benthic lifestyle after hatching, i.e. they are miniature versions of the adults. There is no planktonic larval stage. The hatchlings of this shrimp are extremely small and grow slowly.
Composites, 1988
Stainless steel wire-reinforced aluminium matrix composites with a fibre volume fraction up to 40... more Stainless steel wire-reinforced aluminium matrix composites with a fibre volume fraction up to 40% were fabricated by high pressure squeeze casting. The mechanical properties of these composites were investigated and it was found that their tensile strength was somewhat lower than that predicted by the rule-of-mixtures; failure occurred predominantly by fibre pull-out. Details of the optical microscopic studies and the microhardness data are presented. This reveals that the fibre-to-matrix bonding is relatively weak as a result of the more-than-desirable interfacial reaction. Several inter-metallic compounds have been identified at the interface. Growth kinetics of these interface intermetallic compounds arediscussed.
Organic Process Research & Development, 2004
... Ganapati D. Yadav* and Ramesh D. Bhagat. ... Exploiting Nanospace for Asymmetric Catalysis: C... more ... Ganapati D. Yadav* and Ramesh D. Bhagat. ... Exploiting Nanospace for Asymmetric Catalysis: Confinement of Immobilized, Single-Site Chiral Catalysts Enhances Enantioselectivity. John Meurig Thomas and Robert Raja. Accounts of Chemical Research 2008 41 (6), 708-720. ...
Topics in Catalysis, 2014
The hydrogenation of b pinene over homogeneous and anchored Wilkinson's catalysts was studied. Ph... more The hydrogenation of b pinene over homogeneous and anchored Wilkinson's catalysts was studied. Phosphotungstic acid was used to anchor the Wilkinson catalyst to an alumina support by an interaction between the heteropoly acid and the rhodium atom of the complex. The hydrogenation of b pinene over the anchored catalyst was accompanied by some isomerization to a-pinene which was subsequently hydrogenated along with the b pinene to the pinanes with selectivities to the cis (endo) pinane in the 85-88 % range at near 100 % conversion. With the homogeneous Wilkinson catalyst an 88 % selectivity to cis pinane was also observed but only at 82 % conversion. The use of a 1 % Rh/Al 2 O 3 catalyst for this hydrogenation gave some unexpected results. There was a facile isomerization to a pinene which was not hydrogenated further. The reaction stopped at about 30 % conversion at which time the cis and trans pinanes were present in near equal amounts in about 16-18 % yields.
The present invention is in the field of producing acrylic acid and its derivatives from lactic a... more The present invention is in the field of producing acrylic acid and its derivatives from lactic acid and lactic acid derivatives manufactured from the fermentation of biological feedstock. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 0003 Lactic acid, 2-hydroxy-propionic acid (also known as C.-hydroxy-propionic acid), is one of the commodity chemicals produced from biomass through fermentation at low cost. Lactic acid possesses a hydroxyl group and a car boxyl group. The presence of two different functional groups makes lactic acid an attractive feedstock for the production of number of commodity organic chemicals such as poly L-lac tic acid, acrylic acid, 2,3-pentanedione, pyruvic acid, propi onic acid, 1,2-propanediol, acetaldehyde, dilactide and alkyl lactate which are traditionally derived from petrochemical feedstock. The increase in the oil price accompanied by an increase in the efficiency of production of lactic acid through biological fermentation using renewable resources has made the conversion of lactic acid to various commodity chemicals more attractive. It has become an economically viable option for commercial production of acrylic acid using lactic acid derived from biological resources. 0004 Acrylic acid, an O.B unsaturated acid is one of the commodity chemicals that can be derived from lactic acid through a single-step catalytic dehydration. During 2010 about 4,400,000 metric tons of acrylic acid and about 3,900, 000 metric tons of acrylate ester were produced from petro chemical feedstock by two-step gas-phase oxidation of pro pylene. Acrylic acid is used in the manufacture of polymeric flocculants, Super absorbents, dispersants, coatings, paints, adhesives, paper products, construction chemicals, water treatment chemicals, and binders for leather, paper and tex tile.
Organic Process Research & Development, 2013
Propylene glycol is formed in yields of up to 95% at 100% conversion using a Raney Cu catalyst ... more Propylene glycol is formed in yields of up to 95% at 100% conversion using a Raney Cu catalyst in a fixed bed reactor. The reaction uses an 80% aqueous glycerol solution and a hydrogen pressure of psi. The primary by-product is ethylene glycol formed in 1-3% yield. In a reaction run continuously for 24 d using a sample of a commercial preparation of Raney Cu, the selectivity to propylene glycol at 100% glycerol conversion was 94.6% with a Space Time Yield (STY) of 0.49 g of 1,2-propylene glycol/cc Raney Cu/h. Ethylene glycol was formed in 2.5% yield while methanol, ethanol, n-propanol 1,3-propylene glycol and acetol were present in less than 1% yield.
Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 2005
ABSTRACT
Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 2005
... 1995; Yadav and Sharma 1983). Several non-zeolitic catalysts have been evaluated in our labor... more ... 1995; Yadav and Sharma 1983). Several non-zeolitic catalysts have been evaluated in our laboratory for esterification reactions (Yadav et al. 1992; Yadav and Mehta 1994; Yadav and Nair 1999; Yadav and Krish-nan 1998; Yadav and Thathagar 2002; Yadav and ...
International Journal of Current Research in Biosciences and Plant Biology, 2016
This paper deals with a total of 44 species of Coleopterans (Insecta), under 35 genera, belonging... more This paper deals with a total of 44 species of Coleopterans (Insecta), under 35 genera, belonging to 9 families. These insect species are associated with 7 spp. of cereal crops (of 2 families), 10 spp. of vegetable crops (5 families) and 35 spp. of medicinal plants (14 families), occurring in diverse habitats in vast localities of Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh regions of J & K State. The Coleopteran species, infesting cereal crops, vegetable crops and medicinal plants accounts for 25%, 36.36% and 50 % respectively of the total Coleopteran-fauna associated with crops and medicinal plants studied. The highest number of species of Coleopterans i.e. 14, pertaining to the family Curculionidae, is associated with host crops (cereals, vegetables) and medicinal plant species. This is followed by family Chrysomelidae and Scarabaeidae, with 11 spp. and 9 spp. respectively. Rest of the Coleopteran families show number of species either 2 spp. or 1 sp., associated with the vegetable crops and medicinal plant species. The family Solanaceae, including vegetable crops and medicinal plants, is affected by highest number of Coleopteran species, 13 (29.54 %). This is followed by cereal crop families, Fabaceae and Poaceae, affected by 6 spp. (13.63 %) each of Coleopteran. An updated systematic checklist of Coleopteran-fauna associated with host cereal and vegetable crops, and medicinal plant species has been given. Apart from this, a Catalogue on Host species-Coleopteran species complex, has been added.
International Journal of Current Research in Biosciences and Plant Biology, 2016
The present paper deals with a total of 64 species of beetles and weevils (Coleoptera), belonging... more The present paper deals with a total of 64 species of beetles and weevils (Coleoptera), belonging to 52 genera, under 14 families, associated with diverse species of forest and mulberry plantations, occurring in vast areas and localities of Jammu and Kashmir State. The Coleopteran species of forestry and mulberry importance accounts for 73.43 % and 35.93 % respectively. The Coleopteran-fauna (47 spp.), spread over 12 families, is found to be infesting forest trees,viz. Ash, Benne, Birch, Conifers, Elms, Ivy, Maple, Oak, Parrotia, Plane tree, Poplars, Robinia, Salix, and Yew. Of these trees, Pines showed highest number of Coleopteran species i.e. 18, under 6 families, followed by Poplars, with 15 spp. (4 families) and Cedars, having 14 spp. (4 families) The Mulberry plantations (Morus spp.) both endemic as well as exotic, have been observed to be infesting 23 spp. of Coleopterans, distributed over 6 families. The Cerambycidae family is a dominant family, with 7 spp., associated with mulberry trees. This family in dominance is followed by Coccinellidae and Scarabaeidae, having 4 spp. each. An upto-date systematic faunal Checklist has been provided. Besides this, information on biodiversity has been given.
International Journal of Current Research in Biosciences and Plant Biology, 2017
This paper deals with 47 species of Coleopterans, belonging to 37 genera, distributed over 11 fam... more This paper deals with 47 species of Coleopterans, belonging to 37 genera, distributed over 11 families, are associated with different kinds of fruit plantations, occurring in vast localities and areas of Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh regions. The drupaceous fruit crops (stone, nut, ber), pome (apple, pear quince), berries and aggregate, have been found to be infested with 26 spp., 21 spp., 9 spp. and 1 sp. of Coleopterans under different families respectively. The apple fruit trees /crops (Malus domestica), showed highest number of Coleopteran species i.e., 21, belonging to 8 families. This accounts for 44.68% of total Coleopteran-fauna of this region studied. This is followed by nut fruit crop (Juglans regia), with 12 spp. of Coleopterans species, accounts for 25.53% of total Coleopteran species of horticultural importance. The Scarabaeidae is found to be dominant family, having 15 spp., infesting diverse fruit plantations. This family in dominance is followed by Curculionidae, having 10 species damaging fruit plantations of J & K State. An up-todate annotated systematic Check list has been provided. Besides this, information on biodiversity has also been given.