Dr. S.P. Muthukumar - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Dr. S.P. Muthukumar

Journal of Food Biochemistry

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

The wild banana plant Ensete superbum Roxb. Cheesman is widely used as traditional remedy among i... more The wild banana plant Ensete superbum Roxb. Cheesman is widely used as traditional remedy among indigenous populations to relieve in ammation, stomachache and diarrhea. Earlier studies have revealed the in-vitro anti-cancer effects of peel dioxane fraction (PD) extracted from ripe peel aqueous extract (PA) of E. superbum on human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines. However, its gastro protective effect in complications of the in ammatory bowel disease (IBD) such as Ulcerative colitis (UC) has not been investigated. In the present work, the oral toxicity of PD was assessed, and its ameliorative effect in an animal model of ulcerative colitis was explored. In the acute and sub-acute toxicity trials, PD fraction's oral administration did not cause fatalities, and no notable changes relative to control were observed. The No-Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) of the PD fraction was assessed to be higher than 2000 mg/kg/day in rats. The ameliorative effect of varying concentration of PD fraction (100, 250 and 500 mg/k.g/b.w) in 2,4,6trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) induced (intra-rectal administration) ulcerative colitis in rats was evaluated by comparing with the standard drug Sulfasalazine (100 mg/kg/b.w). Colon tissue ulceration with signi cant mucosal damage was observed in colitis rats, which waned in rats treated with PD fraction (500 mg/kg/b.w.), similar to that of rats treated with the sulfasalazine drug. The antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and anti-in ammatory capabilities of PD fraction may explain its protective impact; however, more study is needed to unravel the mechanisms of these pathways.

British Journal of Nutrition, 2021

Alcohol abuse causes severe metabolic abnormalities inducing hepatic damage and malnutrition. Sin... more Alcohol abuse causes severe metabolic abnormalities inducing hepatic damage and malnutrition. Since higher Fischer ratio proteins have therapeutic value in liver diseases, an investigation was undertaken to study the ameliorative effect of the enhanced Fischer ratio flaxseed protein hydrolysate (EFR-FPH) alone and in combination with antioxidant micronutrients on ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in a rat model. The EFR-FPH was prepared by dual enzymatic hydrolysis and charcoal treatment of flaxseed protein. The ratio of the branched-chain:aromatic amino acids (Fischer ratio) was found to be 7·08. The EFR-FPH, characterised using LC-MS/MS, showed the abundance of free leucine and isoleucine compared with phenylalanine and tyrosine. The matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time of flight MS analysis revealed the larger peptides present in EFR-FPH with mass 2·3 kDa. The EFR-FPH improved the nutritional status, liver function and antioxidant defense in the ethanol hepatotoxicity-in...

Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials, 2013

The ecofriendly synthesis of nanoparticles through various biological sources helps in exploring ... more The ecofriendly synthesis of nanoparticles through various biological sources helps in exploring various herbs. Generally, nanoparticles are prepared by a variety of chemical methods which are not environmentally friendly. In this report we use aqueous extracts of Carthamus Tinctorius L. (Safflower) flowers for the synthesis of gold (Au) nanoparticles. A rapid and convenient method was considered for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles by reduction with auric chloride. UV-visible spectroscopy studies were carried out to assess the formation Au nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to characterize the Au nanoparticles. TEM image divulges that nano triangle and spherical shape gold nanoparticles are formed with polydispersed size, and the sizes are in the range of 40 nm to 200 nm. The antimicrobial activity of gold nanoparticles was performed on various gram negative bacteria and fungus. The gold nanoparticles showed more inhibitory activity on pathogenic gram...

Current Drug Targets, 2021

The neuron is high-energy utilizing tissue. The rate of neuronal cell respiration is higher than ... more The neuron is high-energy utilizing tissue. The rate of neuronal cell respiration is higher than in other cells. Cellular respiration occurs with mitochondria. The healthy production and functions of mitochondria play a key role in the maintenance of healthy neurons. In pathological conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases, healthy mitochondria help to alleviate pathological events in neuronal cells. Conversely, mitochondrial dysfunction promotes the acceleration of the neurodegenerative process. Furthermore, glial-derived mitochondria contribute to multiple roles in the regulation of healthy neuron functions. It also supports releasing of the neurotransmitters; generation of the impulses, regulation of the membrane potential and molecular dynamics; controlling of the axonal transport; controlling of the mitochondrial fission and fusion functions in the peripheral as well as the central nervous system. Moreover, it plays a key role in the regeneration process of neuronal cells....

Silymarin and quercetin (SQ) are known antioxidants with substantial free radical scavenging acti... more Silymarin and quercetin (SQ) are known antioxidants with substantial free radical scavenging activities. The efficacy of SQ activity is restricted due to poor absorption and availability. This study aims to increase the hepatoprotective activity of SQ by a newer delivery technique. We have optimized a technique, miniaturized scaffold (MS), for the delivery of active compounds of SQ. SQ molecules were embedded in MS and characterized by morphology, particle size, miniaturization efficiency, and functional group. Further, the hepatoprotective effects of MSQ were investigated through in vitro and in vivo methods. Hepatotoxicity was induced in rats by carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4), and subsequently, hepatotoxic rats were treated with the miniaturized scaffold of SQ (MSQ) for 8 weeks. The body weight were significantly high in groups fed with MSQ. A substantial decrease in triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase activities were observed in rats treated with MSQ. Similarly, rats treated with MSQ exhibited lower lipid accumulation in the hepatocytes. The experiments clearly demonstrated the efficacy of MSQ as a superior hepatoprotective agent against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease simulated through toxicity induced by CCl 4 .

ACS Omega, 2020

Diabetes mellitus is a major metabolic disorder worldwide. Several herbs are being tested for the... more Diabetes mellitus is a major metabolic disorder worldwide. Several herbs are being tested for the management of diabetes. Cassia auriculata is one of those herbs known for its nutritional value and health benefits. However, limited scientific evidence has been shown on the elucidation of its root bioactives as well as biological activity. This study attempted to identify and characterize phenolic compounds from the potent root extract and to evaluate its antioxidant as well as antidiabetic properties in both in vitro and in vivo models. The results revealed that the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were highest in the methanolic extract. The methanolic extract of the C. auriculata root showed the highest antioxidant and antidiabetic activities in vitro than other extracts. These biological activities may be because the extract is rich in coumaric acid and −OH groups as revealed by high-performance liquid chromatography and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analyses, respectively. Further, the antidiabetic activity of the methanolic extract was studied in a diet-induced type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) C57BL/6 mouse model. A significant increase in fasting blood glucose and decreased plasma insulin levels in T2DM mice confirmed the development of the diabetic condition. In addition, the T2DM mice showed oxidative stress in the plasma as well as muscle tissue and significant alterations in the plasma biochemistry, viz., lipid profile, liver, and renal function tests. However, the administration of the ethanolic extract of the C. auriculata root (150 mg/kg body weight) to T2DM mice normalized the condition comparable to that of control mice. Thus, the extract can be used as a potent antioxidant and antidiabetic agent in pharmaceutical companies.

Bioorganic Chemistry, 2021

Quinazolinone is a compound made up of two fused six member simple aromatic rings-benezene and py... more Quinazolinone is a compound made up of two fused six member simple aromatic rings-benezene and pyrimidine ring and have been reported to posses versatile type of biological activities such as anticancer, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, antihelminthic, antimicrobial activities. A series of novel substituted-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5c]quinazolinone derivatives (K11-19) were synthesized by mannich reaction using formamide and different secondary amines. Structures of compounds synthesized were confirmed by IR, 1 H-NMR and Mass spectroscopic analysis. All synthesized compounds were screened for anti-inflammatory activity. The anti-inflammatory activity was performed at concentration (100 mg/kg body mass) by rat paw oedema model. Diclofenac sodium (50 mg/kg) was used as standard. All synthesized compounds have shown anti-inflammatory activity as all has significant reduction in inflammation when compared to inflammatory control group. Compounds K 15, K 18 and K 19 have shown very good anti-inflammatory activity comparable to standard drug Diclofenac sodium.

Journal of Gynecology Obstetrics and Human Reproduction, 2020

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2020

Endurance refers to the ability of skeletal muscles to perform continuously withstanding the hard... more Endurance refers to the ability of skeletal muscles to perform continuously withstanding the hardships of exercise. Endurance exercises have three phases: pre-, during-, and post-workout phase. The nutritional requirements that drive these phases vary on intensity, type of workout, individual's body composition, training, weather conditions, etc. Generally, the pre-workout phase requires glycogen synthesis and spare glycogen breakdown. While workout phase, requires rapid absorption of exogenous glucose, insulin release to transport glucose into muscle cells, replenish the loss of electrolytes, promote fluid retention, etc. However, post-workout phase requires quick amino acid absorption, muscle protein synthesis, repair of damaged muscle fibres and tendon, ameliorate inflammation, oxidative stress, etc. Therefore, nutritional sources that can help these metabolic requirements is recommended. In this review, various dietary interventions including timing and amount of nutrient consumption that can promote the above metabolic requirements that in turn support in improving the endurance potential in athletes are discussed. HIGHLIGHTS Review article describes nutritional requirements of endurance exercises. It also describes nutritional interventions to enhance the endurance potential in athletes.

Food Chemistry, 2019

Nutritional Neuroscience, 2018

Polyphenols are shown to protect from or delay the progression of chronic neurodegenerative disea... more Polyphenols are shown to protect from or delay the progression of chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). This study was aims to gain insight into the role of ahydroalcoholic extract of cocoa (standardised for epicatechin content) on mitochondrial biogenesis in MPP + intoxicated human neuroblastoma cells (SHSY5Y). The effects of cocoa on PPARγ, PGC1α, Nrf2 and TFAM protein expression and mitochondrial membrane potential were evaluated. A pre-exposure to cocoa extract decreased reactive oxygen species formation and restored mitochondrial membrane potential. The cocoa extract was found to up-regulate the expression of PPARγ and the downstream signalling proteins PGC1α, Nrf2 and TFAM. It increased the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein BCl2 and increased superoxide dismutase activity. Further, the cocoa extract down-regulated the expression of mitochondria fission 1 (Fis1) and up-regulated the expression of mitochondria fusion 2 (Mfn2) proteins, suggesting an improvement in mitochondrial functions in MPP + intoxicated cells upon treatment with cocoa. Interestingly, cocoa up-regulates the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate limiting enzyme in dopamine synthesis. No change in the expression of PPARγ on treatment with cocoa extract was observed when the cells were pre-treated with PPARγ antagonist GW9662. This data suggests that cocoa mediates mitochondrial biogenesis via a PPARγ/PGC1α dependent signalling pathway and also has the ability to improve dopaminergic functions by increasing tyrosine hydroxylase expression. Based on our data, we propose that a cocoa bean extract and products thereof could be used as potential nutritional supplements for neuroprotection in PD.

Journal of Food Biochemistry, 2019

Hepatoprotective effect of flaxseed and its protein on ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in adult Wi... more Hepatoprotective effect of flaxseed and its protein on ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in adult Wistar rats was investigated. The rats were divided into eight groups of which two served as control (group I: Control for AIN-93M diet groups and group II: Control for cereal-pulse diet groups) and six groups received ethanol orally every day. After 10 days along with ethanol, the rats received AIN-93M diet (group III); AIN-93M diet and commercial hepatoprotective formulation (CHF) (group IV); casein replaced by flaxseed protein in AIN-93M diet (group V); cereal-pulse diet (group VI); cereal-pulse diet and CHF (group VII); cereal-pulse diet containing flaxseed (group VIII) for four weeks. The flaxseed and its protein significantly prevented the elevation of plasma markers of hepatic damage, lowered lipid peroxidation, mitigated changes in antioxidant enzymes, and suppressed histopathological signs of hepatic damage. The hepatoprotective effect of flaxseed and its protein was comparable to CHF. These findings implicate the ameliorative effect of flaxseed and its protein on ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity. Practical applications Owing to globalization and an increase in earning capacity, alcohol consumption is becoming a part of social life and gradually transforming to addiction. Binge drinking is highly prevalent among low socioeconomic status population, which poses severe risks to health. Alcohol abuse is a public health problem causing three million deaths annually worldwide. Alcohol consumption is known to be a major cause of liver damage worldwide and has contributed to 44% of deaths from liver disease. As abstaining from alcohol is a challenging task, there is an escalating need to formulate potential hepatoprotective agents to prevent alcohol-induced hepatic damage. This study investigates the efficacy of flaxseed and its protein in conferring protection to the liver against ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity. This study also explores the benefits of incorporating flaxseed in the staple cereal-pulse diet. Findings of this study suggest that incorporation of flaxseed or its protein in food formulations can prevent hepatotoxicity and improve the overall quality of life among alcoholics.

Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins, 2018

Safety and efficacy was investigated for two candidate probiotic B. flexus MCC2427 and B. licheni... more Safety and efficacy was investigated for two candidate probiotic B. flexus MCC2427 and B. licheniformis MCC2512 via in vivo studies on albino Wistar rats. In acute toxicity assay, rats were fed with single dose of 10 10 cfu mL −1 of probiotics. The follow-up studies for next 14 days did not reveal any toxicity-related criteria indicating the non-toxicity nature of probiotics. In 90-day repeated dosage studies, the cultures were administered in three doses (10 6 , 10 7 , 10 8 cfu mL −1). Results showed no overt toxic effect and no drastic treatment-related changes pertaining to histopathology of vital organs. DNA fingerprinting indicated the lack of bacterial translocation. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activity indicated their antioxidant potential. Reduced serum cholesterol with improved HDL-cholesterol specified the cholesterol-reducing ability of the cultures, which was also apparent with increased excretion of cholic acid in feces. Both probiotic cultures positively altered the gut microbial environment, retained lactic acid bacterial effect, and simultaneously reduced pathogenic strains. A sensitive and rapid tool was developed using strainspecific qPCR primers, which facilitated appropriate estimation of test culture in feces. The data strongly advocate the safety of tested probiotics at levels used in the study.

Journal of Food Biochemistry, 2018

The effect of bound phenolic and catechins extracted from defatted Moringa oleifera seed (DMSF) f... more The effect of bound phenolic and catechins extracted from defatted Moringa oleifera seed (DMSF) flour on diet-induced hypercholesterolemia was evaluated in this study. The animals (C57BL6 mice) were divided into four groups: group one received AIN 93M diet (control) group two received high-fat cholesterol diet (HFCD), three and four received HFCD along with bound phenolic and catechins, respectively, through oral administration at the dose of 25 mg/kg body weight daily for 8 weeks. Blood and tissue analysis showed that bound phenolic and catechins were able to reduce plasma and liver cholesterol significantly (p < .05). And these extracts were also able to reduce stress enzymes and molecules level in liver. The bound phenolic and catechins extracts from DMSF were able to increase plasma HDL level and lower atherogenic index in the treated groups. The data suggests that the combination of HFCD and bound phenolic or catechins extracted from DMSF as a source of antioxidants was beneficial. Practical applications In the present study the bound phenolic and catechins extracted from DMSF was studied for its effect on reducing cholesterol. DMSF is a processing waste left over after extraction of oil, hence prove to be cost-effective. In this study catechins (catechin and epicatechin) as well as combination of catechin-rich bound phenolic containing gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, ferulic acid, and catechin gallate were studied for its hypocholesterolemic effect. The results revealed that the combination of bound phenolic or catechins were comparably beneficial in reducing cholesterol and atherogenic index in diet induced mice model, which is the critical risk factor for atherosclerosis.

Food & Function, 2016

Polyphenols act by scavenging reactive oxygen species during oxidative stress and hence are usefu... more Polyphenols act by scavenging reactive oxygen species during oxidative stress and hence are useful in the treatment of metabolic disorders including diabetes.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2015

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory ability of novel indigenous pr... more The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory ability of novel indigenous probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum MCC 2759, L. fermentum MCC 2760 and Lactobacillus delbrueckii MCC 2775 in a carrageenan induced acute inflammatory paw edema model. Probiotic cultures were administered to male Wistar rats via oral route. Carrageenan at a concentration of 1% was injected into hind paw of rats 30min after oral gavage on the 8th day of treatment regimen. Paw thickness (mm), stair climbing activity and motility score were the parameters used to score the inflammatory response. L. fermentum MCC 2759, L. fermentum MCC 2760 and L. delbrueckii MCC 2775 showed significant reduction in paw thickness (P<0.05) showing percentage inhibition of 15.67%, 14.72% and 14.84%, respectively, 24h after carrageenan induction. Probiotic treatment also markedly alleviated the stair climbing and motility score. Histological analysis of tissue sections revealed reduction in cellular infiltration of probiotic and drug treatment groups. Adhesion to resected rat intestinal tissue also showed significant adherence capability (>40%) of the probiotic cultures used. Therefore, L. fermentum MCC 2759, L. fermentum MCC 2760 and L. delbrueckii MCC 2775 may be used as potent anti-inflammatory agents with probiotic health benefits.

BioNanoScience, 2013

ABSTRACT In recent years, antibodies have become an indispensable tool in research, diagnostic, t... more ABSTRACT In recent years, antibodies have become an indispensable tool in research, diagnostic, therapy and other laboratory applications. In this direction, hens have become an alternate source for polyclonal antibody production necessary for immunosensing applications. Herein, we present generation of avian antibody (IgY) against staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) used as an efficient bio-recognition molecule while developing Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based fluorescence inhibition assay format for monitoring SEB, a bacterial super-antigen responsible for food poisoning. Immunization of white leghorn hens with SEB, generated antibodies (IgY) with highest yield of 51.1 mg in hyperimmune egg having affinity constant of 1.81 × 1010 M−1 that was bioconjugated with gold nanoparticle (GNP) by electrostatic interaction. Quantum dot (QD, CdTe523) and GNP bioconjugated to SEB and anti-SEB IgY, respectively, were used as donor–acceptor pair during FRET to study resonance interactions and fluorescence quenching in an immunocomplex. The mutual affinity between IgY-GNP and SEB-CdTe523 was made use to obtain efficient energy transfer between respective chromophores. The presence of SEB in the range 1,000 to 20 ng mL−1 varied the rate of fluorescence quenching due to FRET in SEB-CdTe523 demonstrating efficiency of fluorescence inhibition assay. It was possible to achieve a detection limit of 8.53 ng mL−1 with a regression coefficient R 2 = 0.9813. Thus, bioconjugation of nanoparticles demonstrated their efficiency in sensitive monitoring of SEB through immuno-affinity reactions to address the potential health risk and economic impacts of staphylococcal food poisoning.