Dr. Satinder Bhatia - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Dr. Satinder Bhatia

Journal of Economics, Management and Trade, 2020

Infrastructure projects in general have faced project management challenges since long. PPP proje... more Infrastructure projects in general have faced project management challenges since long. PPP projects that involve greater complexities of risk allocation and management, therefore, have not translated into executable projects in many instances. While research confirms potential benefits from employment of artificial intelligence and other technology in speedy decision making at different stages of PPP projects, industry standards on data sharing, transparency and cyber security will first have to gain momentum with increased cooperation between national and international authorities. This finding has been reached based on the information available in the public domain on the progress being made towards development of the ecosystem for adoption of AI in different countries/regions. While many countries have formed national strategies for AI, there has not yet been adequate thrust towards instituting processes that will lead to nationally and internationally acceptable AI standards i...

June 29-30, 2017 London (UK) Back CABES-17, RTSET-17, SHSS-17, BELIS-17, Jun 29, 2017

The world's attention today is on climate change that is no more just a perceived risk. Climate c... more The world's attention today is on climate change that is no more just a perceived risk. Climate change is already impacting livelihoods and by impacting the vulnerable regions and the communities more than others, may also be aggravating economic and social inequalities. Effective climate governance, therefore, requires better data collation and analysis thereof. Early warning signals of the impending change must not only be received but also distributed through strong institutional frameworks. While significant progress is evident in this direction, the limitations of those in charge of governance have also been evident. Due to this, increasingly, there is a trend of intergovernmental and inter-organizational partnerships along with higher engagement of communities to better adapt to climate change. While mitigation of climate change has largely rested with the governments; communities and the private sector, in general, have been more suited to assess the appropriate scale and timing of projects at the local level. The future, though, with more aggressive climate changes, may not allow such a neat categorization. As local actors will have to learn to not only to adapt but also mitigate climate changes, they will need better tools such as artificial intelligence (AI). Governments, too, will need to embed artificial intelligence in all climate-related policy-making. But care has to be taken to ensure that the access to AI and the benefits thereof are equitably distributed to prevent aggravation of inequalities across regions and across nations.

Journal of Economics, Management and Trade, 2018

Criteria for audit exemption for small firms has varied greatly from country to country. Turnover... more Criteria for audit exemption for small firms has varied greatly from country to country. Turnoverbased criteria are now being combined with other parameters such as balance sheet total and number of employees in countries where mandatory audits are the norm. While some progress towards harmonization of such criteria has taken place in the EU, debate on this issue is still not widespread. At the same time, voluntary audits are also gaining ground and there has been sufficient debate in literature on the costs and benefits of such audits, particularly for small firms. Yet, the criteria for audit exemption for small firms remains disparate. This paper looks at integrating the definition of small firms under IFRS for audit exemption. Since India has moved closer to IFRS with the issuance of Revised Indian Accounting Standards (Revised Ind AS) in 2016, debate on such integration would be useful.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY, 2005

Infrastructure-building has become a focus area in Asia as targeted GDP growth rates climb higher... more Infrastructure-building has become a focus area in Asia as targeted GDP growth rates climb higher. Selection of projects as PPP projects or pure public sector projects has to be done carefully comparing costs and benefits under both scenarios. Such an approach (value for money) is common in the UK and Australia which have considerable experience in PPP projects.

Journal of Economics, Management and Trade, 2019

Public-Private Partnership (PPP) projects have been gaining in popularity in many developing coun... more Public-Private Partnership (PPP) projects have been gaining in popularity in many developing countries along with developed countries. While there has been sufficient research on private sector capacity to make the partnership successful, not much research exists on the importance of the financial health of the public sector in PPP projects. The premise of the current research is that strong public sector finances instil confidence in the private sector of governments’ ability to honour PPP commitments and that, in turn, increases the attractiveness of PPP projects. Through a number of case studies relating to government finances of Indian states and other countries, it is seen that governments which have checks and balances to issuance of guarantees and other forms of indirect support for PPP projects are actually able to attract higher levels of PPP investment.

Journal of Economics, Management and Trade, 2018

In the transformational world that we live in, change has become a necessity. Today, cities are b... more In the transformational world that we live in, change has become a necessity. Today, cities are becoming smart and are getting future-ready. That is why, there is much discussion on how cities are promoting sustainable development and financial or social inclusion. The creation of smart cities, however, requires smart universities-universities that apart from focusing on tech-based infrastructure/courses and community and government engagement, also make serious efforts to become sustainable themselves. Economic and social sustainability characterised by efficient use of resources, budget transparency and gender diversity are vital for universities aspiring to be the smart components of smart cities. A review of the existing literature on smart universities and smart cities reveals a multiplicity of definitions of smartness and consequent inadequate attention to resource efficiency and social and economic inclusion in such universities, while design and delivery of course curriculum and physical and digital infrastructure may be getting the required attention. Although previous research has pointed to the need for whole schooling and social intelligence of schools/universities, the concept has not become widespread and even present-day rankings of such institutions often miss including sustainability criteria along with academic excellence criteria. This study, thus, reiterates that sustainability metrics for universities must be widely adopted and universities assessed on such metrics along with their strengths in teaching and research. This includes their ability to enable beneficiaries to pass on the same benefit to others. Smart cities require smart universities that follow sustainable principles in all their activities and enable others to do the same.

Journal of Economics, Management and Trade, 2018

New derivative products and new statistical techniques including big data analysis have brought a... more New derivative products and new statistical techniques including big data analysis have brought about a lot of advancements in foreign exchange management. Companies are also disclosing more information on foreign exchange exposures including economic exposure and causes and impact of changes in these exposures on their profitability and asset base. The next step, as advocated in this study, may be to combine spatial visualisation techniques developed with the help of GIS to map out the different types of foreign exchange exposures territory-wise and, thereby, enhance understanding of the strategies required to manage these exposures. This study looks at the previous literature on applications of GIS towards increasing efficiencies in business processes including market share enhancement and optimisation of branch location and conceptualises their use in the field of foreign exchange management similar to their use in the financial derivatives market advocated by earlier researchers.

Foreign Trade Review, 1998

JNDIAN agriculture is undergoing perceptible structural transformation under the impact of econom... more JNDIAN agriculture is undergoing perceptible structural transformation under the impact of economic reforms since July 1991. The main thrust of the reforms is towards creating a more competitive environment in the economy as a means to improving productivity and efficiency. This is to be achieved by removing different controls and restrictions. The economic reforms focus mainly on privatization, liberalization and globalization. The emerging situation is expected to be favourable for exports of agricultural commodities and agro-based products. It has been estimated that with the reduction in subsidies, India would have access to the previously guarded agricultural markets in countries such as France, Japan and South Korea. The GA TT agreement mandates a 21 per cent reduction in the volume of subsidies for farm exports over six years and a 36 per cent cut in the subsidy fund. This agreement is contended to be in India's favour as the level of subsidies given to Indian farmers is well below the ceiling limits set by the GATT agreement.

Foreign Trade Review, 1999

Macroeconomic stability cannot be the goal of trade liberalisation concerned as it is with the se... more Macroeconomic stability cannot be the goal of trade liberalisation concerned as it is with the set of microeconomic regulations concerning imports and exports. Trade liberalisation, while determining the openness of an economy, is expected to contribute to trade diversification not only by promoting the growth of internationally-traded output, but also by altering the product composition of existing production towards higher value-added products and by increasing the share in total exports of products characterised by lower price and earnings volatility. The Study shows that there is a strong connection between trade liberalisation and trade diversification. Trade diversification is particularly crucial to the developing countries, although diversification does not necessarily follow liberalisation. Most South Asian countries, including India, have not yet experienced enough bouts of trade diversification. The preliminary result of trade liberalisation in these countries has been li...

Journal of Scientific Research and Reports, 2017

This paper analyses the relative investment climate of financial services in the African continen... more This paper analyses the relative investment climate of financial services in the African continent by studying both the domestic state of affairs in the sector and the macro governance indicators that impact the amenability of the domestic environment to foreign investment. Relative attractiveness indices for each country relative to its region and the African continent as a whole are calculated and rankings of countries within each region are arrived at. This is followed by ranking of regions based on weighted averages of performance indicators of the countries comprising the regions. The Study shows that Southern Africa and North Africa remain the two most attractive regions followed by West Africa, East Africa and Central Africa. The most attractive countries in each of these regions are Mauritius, Tunisia, Cape Verde, Seychelles and Gabon respectively. Mauritius has also been found to be the most attractive for financial services in the continent closely followed by Botswana, Cape Verde and South Africa. The Study also finds that though low income countries generally have low investment attractiveness scores, Madagascar, Gambia and Burkina Faso are outliers with especially good governance indicators. In fact, these countries have much higher investment attractiveness scores as compared to high income countries like Equatorial Guinea, Libya and Angola. The financial parameter and governance parameter indices, thereby, provide indications of government interventions that may be prioritized to increase the investment attractiveness potential of the financial services sector in African countries.

Foreign Trade Review, 1995

2nd Annual International Conferences on Accounting and Finance (AF 2012), 2012

iiis.org

E-pharmacy is presently more prominent in developed countries which have put in place a comprehen... more E-pharmacy is presently more prominent in developed countries which have put in place a comprehensive regulatory framework and an enabling environment including provision for necessary financial incentives. The goal of e-pharmacy, other than to improve patient care and safety, has also been to reduce racial and ethnic disparities. Developing countries, though, have to work even on improving accessibility of pharmacies for their citizens. A focus on e-pharmacy can provide the answer if necessary prior conditions are complied with.

International Journal of Information Technology and Management, 2005

Identity Management is the creation, management and use of online, or digital identities. Million... more Identity Management is the creation, management and use of online, or digital identities. Millions of people around the world now use the internet daily at home and at work, facing a multiplicity of corporate applications and e-business interfaces. Many such applications and interfaces require a unique user name and as a result, an individual typically possesses not one but several digital identities.

Advances in Research, 2017

Journal of Economics, Management and Trade, 2020

Infrastructure projects in general have faced project management challenges since long. PPP proje... more Infrastructure projects in general have faced project management challenges since long. PPP projects that involve greater complexities of risk allocation and management, therefore, have not translated into executable projects in many instances. While research confirms potential benefits from employment of artificial intelligence and other technology in speedy decision making at different stages of PPP projects, industry standards on data sharing, transparency and cyber security will first have to gain momentum with increased cooperation between national and international authorities. This finding has been reached based on the information available in the public domain on the progress being made towards development of the ecosystem for adoption of AI in different countries/regions. While many countries have formed national strategies for AI, there has not yet been adequate thrust towards instituting processes that will lead to nationally and internationally acceptable AI standards i...

June 29-30, 2017 London (UK) Back CABES-17, RTSET-17, SHSS-17, BELIS-17, Jun 29, 2017

The world's attention today is on climate change that is no more just a perceived risk. Climate c... more The world's attention today is on climate change that is no more just a perceived risk. Climate change is already impacting livelihoods and by impacting the vulnerable regions and the communities more than others, may also be aggravating economic and social inequalities. Effective climate governance, therefore, requires better data collation and analysis thereof. Early warning signals of the impending change must not only be received but also distributed through strong institutional frameworks. While significant progress is evident in this direction, the limitations of those in charge of governance have also been evident. Due to this, increasingly, there is a trend of intergovernmental and inter-organizational partnerships along with higher engagement of communities to better adapt to climate change. While mitigation of climate change has largely rested with the governments; communities and the private sector, in general, have been more suited to assess the appropriate scale and timing of projects at the local level. The future, though, with more aggressive climate changes, may not allow such a neat categorization. As local actors will have to learn to not only to adapt but also mitigate climate changes, they will need better tools such as artificial intelligence (AI). Governments, too, will need to embed artificial intelligence in all climate-related policy-making. But care has to be taken to ensure that the access to AI and the benefits thereof are equitably distributed to prevent aggravation of inequalities across regions and across nations.

Journal of Economics, Management and Trade, 2018

Criteria for audit exemption for small firms has varied greatly from country to country. Turnover... more Criteria for audit exemption for small firms has varied greatly from country to country. Turnoverbased criteria are now being combined with other parameters such as balance sheet total and number of employees in countries where mandatory audits are the norm. While some progress towards harmonization of such criteria has taken place in the EU, debate on this issue is still not widespread. At the same time, voluntary audits are also gaining ground and there has been sufficient debate in literature on the costs and benefits of such audits, particularly for small firms. Yet, the criteria for audit exemption for small firms remains disparate. This paper looks at integrating the definition of small firms under IFRS for audit exemption. Since India has moved closer to IFRS with the issuance of Revised Indian Accounting Standards (Revised Ind AS) in 2016, debate on such integration would be useful.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY, 2005

Infrastructure-building has become a focus area in Asia as targeted GDP growth rates climb higher... more Infrastructure-building has become a focus area in Asia as targeted GDP growth rates climb higher. Selection of projects as PPP projects or pure public sector projects has to be done carefully comparing costs and benefits under both scenarios. Such an approach (value for money) is common in the UK and Australia which have considerable experience in PPP projects.

Journal of Economics, Management and Trade, 2019

Public-Private Partnership (PPP) projects have been gaining in popularity in many developing coun... more Public-Private Partnership (PPP) projects have been gaining in popularity in many developing countries along with developed countries. While there has been sufficient research on private sector capacity to make the partnership successful, not much research exists on the importance of the financial health of the public sector in PPP projects. The premise of the current research is that strong public sector finances instil confidence in the private sector of governments’ ability to honour PPP commitments and that, in turn, increases the attractiveness of PPP projects. Through a number of case studies relating to government finances of Indian states and other countries, it is seen that governments which have checks and balances to issuance of guarantees and other forms of indirect support for PPP projects are actually able to attract higher levels of PPP investment.

Journal of Economics, Management and Trade, 2018

In the transformational world that we live in, change has become a necessity. Today, cities are b... more In the transformational world that we live in, change has become a necessity. Today, cities are becoming smart and are getting future-ready. That is why, there is much discussion on how cities are promoting sustainable development and financial or social inclusion. The creation of smart cities, however, requires smart universities-universities that apart from focusing on tech-based infrastructure/courses and community and government engagement, also make serious efforts to become sustainable themselves. Economic and social sustainability characterised by efficient use of resources, budget transparency and gender diversity are vital for universities aspiring to be the smart components of smart cities. A review of the existing literature on smart universities and smart cities reveals a multiplicity of definitions of smartness and consequent inadequate attention to resource efficiency and social and economic inclusion in such universities, while design and delivery of course curriculum and physical and digital infrastructure may be getting the required attention. Although previous research has pointed to the need for whole schooling and social intelligence of schools/universities, the concept has not become widespread and even present-day rankings of such institutions often miss including sustainability criteria along with academic excellence criteria. This study, thus, reiterates that sustainability metrics for universities must be widely adopted and universities assessed on such metrics along with their strengths in teaching and research. This includes their ability to enable beneficiaries to pass on the same benefit to others. Smart cities require smart universities that follow sustainable principles in all their activities and enable others to do the same.

Journal of Economics, Management and Trade, 2018

New derivative products and new statistical techniques including big data analysis have brought a... more New derivative products and new statistical techniques including big data analysis have brought about a lot of advancements in foreign exchange management. Companies are also disclosing more information on foreign exchange exposures including economic exposure and causes and impact of changes in these exposures on their profitability and asset base. The next step, as advocated in this study, may be to combine spatial visualisation techniques developed with the help of GIS to map out the different types of foreign exchange exposures territory-wise and, thereby, enhance understanding of the strategies required to manage these exposures. This study looks at the previous literature on applications of GIS towards increasing efficiencies in business processes including market share enhancement and optimisation of branch location and conceptualises their use in the field of foreign exchange management similar to their use in the financial derivatives market advocated by earlier researchers.

Foreign Trade Review, 1998

JNDIAN agriculture is undergoing perceptible structural transformation under the impact of econom... more JNDIAN agriculture is undergoing perceptible structural transformation under the impact of economic reforms since July 1991. The main thrust of the reforms is towards creating a more competitive environment in the economy as a means to improving productivity and efficiency. This is to be achieved by removing different controls and restrictions. The economic reforms focus mainly on privatization, liberalization and globalization. The emerging situation is expected to be favourable for exports of agricultural commodities and agro-based products. It has been estimated that with the reduction in subsidies, India would have access to the previously guarded agricultural markets in countries such as France, Japan and South Korea. The GA TT agreement mandates a 21 per cent reduction in the volume of subsidies for farm exports over six years and a 36 per cent cut in the subsidy fund. This agreement is contended to be in India's favour as the level of subsidies given to Indian farmers is well below the ceiling limits set by the GATT agreement.

Foreign Trade Review, 1999

Macroeconomic stability cannot be the goal of trade liberalisation concerned as it is with the se... more Macroeconomic stability cannot be the goal of trade liberalisation concerned as it is with the set of microeconomic regulations concerning imports and exports. Trade liberalisation, while determining the openness of an economy, is expected to contribute to trade diversification not only by promoting the growth of internationally-traded output, but also by altering the product composition of existing production towards higher value-added products and by increasing the share in total exports of products characterised by lower price and earnings volatility. The Study shows that there is a strong connection between trade liberalisation and trade diversification. Trade diversification is particularly crucial to the developing countries, although diversification does not necessarily follow liberalisation. Most South Asian countries, including India, have not yet experienced enough bouts of trade diversification. The preliminary result of trade liberalisation in these countries has been li...

Journal of Scientific Research and Reports, 2017

This paper analyses the relative investment climate of financial services in the African continen... more This paper analyses the relative investment climate of financial services in the African continent by studying both the domestic state of affairs in the sector and the macro governance indicators that impact the amenability of the domestic environment to foreign investment. Relative attractiveness indices for each country relative to its region and the African continent as a whole are calculated and rankings of countries within each region are arrived at. This is followed by ranking of regions based on weighted averages of performance indicators of the countries comprising the regions. The Study shows that Southern Africa and North Africa remain the two most attractive regions followed by West Africa, East Africa and Central Africa. The most attractive countries in each of these regions are Mauritius, Tunisia, Cape Verde, Seychelles and Gabon respectively. Mauritius has also been found to be the most attractive for financial services in the continent closely followed by Botswana, Cape Verde and South Africa. The Study also finds that though low income countries generally have low investment attractiveness scores, Madagascar, Gambia and Burkina Faso are outliers with especially good governance indicators. In fact, these countries have much higher investment attractiveness scores as compared to high income countries like Equatorial Guinea, Libya and Angola. The financial parameter and governance parameter indices, thereby, provide indications of government interventions that may be prioritized to increase the investment attractiveness potential of the financial services sector in African countries.

Foreign Trade Review, 1995

2nd Annual International Conferences on Accounting and Finance (AF 2012), 2012

iiis.org

E-pharmacy is presently more prominent in developed countries which have put in place a comprehen... more E-pharmacy is presently more prominent in developed countries which have put in place a comprehensive regulatory framework and an enabling environment including provision for necessary financial incentives. The goal of e-pharmacy, other than to improve patient care and safety, has also been to reduce racial and ethnic disparities. Developing countries, though, have to work even on improving accessibility of pharmacies for their citizens. A focus on e-pharmacy can provide the answer if necessary prior conditions are complied with.

International Journal of Information Technology and Management, 2005

Identity Management is the creation, management and use of online, or digital identities. Million... more Identity Management is the creation, management and use of online, or digital identities. Millions of people around the world now use the internet daily at home and at work, facing a multiplicity of corporate applications and e-business interfaces. Many such applications and interfaces require a unique user name and as a result, an individual typically possesses not one but several digital identities.

Advances in Research, 2017