Durland Fish - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Durland Fish

Research paper thumbnail of Response to Esteve-Gassent et al.: flaB sequences obtained from Texas PCR products are identical to the positive control strain Borrelia burgdorferi B31

Parasites & vectors, Jan 9, 2015

Feria-Arroyo et al. had reported previously that, based on PCR analysis, 45 % of Ixodes scapulari... more Feria-Arroyo et al. had reported previously that, based on PCR analysis, 45 % of Ixodes scapularis ticks collected in Texas and Mexico were infected with the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi (Parasit. Vectors 2014, 7:199). However, our analyses of their initial data (Parasit. Vectors 2014, 7:467) and a recent response by Esteve-Gassent et al. (Parasit. Vectors 2015, 8:129) provide evidence that the positive PCR results obtained from both ribosomal RNA intergenic sequences and the flagellin gene flaB are highly likely due to contamination by the B. burgdorferi B31 positive control strain.

Research paper thumbnail of Research Paper Modeling the Spatial Distribution of Mosquito Vectors for West Nile Virus in Connecticut, USA

The risk of transmission of West Nile virus (WNV) to humans is associated with the density of inf... more The risk of transmission of West Nile virus (WNV) to humans is associated with the density of infected vector mosquitoes in a given area. Current technology for estimating vector distribution and abundance is primarily based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light trap collections, which provide only point data. In order to estimate mosquito abundance in areas not

Research paper thumbnail of Comparison of three satellite sensors at three spatial scales to predict larval mosquito presence in Connecticut wetlands

Remote Sensing of Environment, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of Enhancing West Nile Virus Surveillance, United States

We provide a method for constructing a county-level West Nile virus risk map to serve as an early... more We provide a method for constructing a county-level West Nile virus risk map to serve as an early warning system for human cases. We also demonstrate that mosquito surveillance is a more accurate predictor of human risk than monitoring dead and infected wild birds.

Research paper thumbnail of Forest fragmentation predicts local scale heterogeneity of Lyme disease risk

Oecologia, 2005

Fragmentation of the landscape has been proposed to play an important role in defining local scal... more Fragmentation of the landscape has been proposed to play an important role in defining local scale heterogeneity in Lyme disease risk through influence on mammalian host density and species composition. We tested this observed relationship in a suburban region around Lyme, Connecticut, where we collected data on the density of the tick vector, Ixodes scapularis and prevalence of the Lyme

Research paper thumbnail of Gut microbiota of the tick vector Ixodes scapularis modulate colonization of the Lyme disease spirochete

Cell host & microbe, Jan 15, 2014

Arthopods such as Ixodes scapularis ticks serve as vectors for many human pathogens. The arthropo... more Arthopods such as Ixodes scapularis ticks serve as vectors for many human pathogens. The arthropod gut presents a pivotal microbial entry point and determines pathogen colonization and survival. We show that the gut microbiota of I. scapularis, a major vector of the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, influence spirochete colonization of ticks. Perturbing the gut microbiota of larval ticks reduced Borrelia colonization, and dysbiosed larvae displayed decreased expression of the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT). Diminished STAT expression corresponded to lower expression of peritrophin, a key glycoprotein scaffold of the glycan-rich mucus-like peritrophic matrix (PM) that separates the gut lumen from the epithelium. The integrity of the I. scapularis PM was essential for B. burgdorferi to efficiently colonize the gut epithelium. These data elucidate a functional link between the gut microbiota, STAT-signaling, and pathogen coloniz...

Research paper thumbnail of Interaction and Transmission of Two Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Stricto Strains in a Tick-Rodent Maintenance System

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2004

In the northeastern United States, the Lyme disease agent, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, is... more In the northeastern United States, the Lyme disease agent, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, is maintained by enzoonotic transmission, cycling between white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) and black-legged ticks (Ixodes scapularis). B. burgdorferi sensu stricto is genetically variable and has been divided into three major genotypes based on 16S-23S ribosomal DNA spacer (RST) analysis. To better understand how genetic differ- ences in

Research paper thumbnail of Research Paper Spatial Analysis of West Nile Virus: Rapid Risk Assessment of an Introduced Vector-Borne Zoonosis

The distribution of human risk for West Nile virus was determined by spatial analysis of the init... more The distribution of human risk for West Nile virus was determined by spatial analysis of the initial case distri- bution for the New York City area in 1999 using remote sensing and geographic information system technologies. Cluster analysis revealed the presence of a statistically significant grouping of cases, which also indicates the area of probable virus introduction. Within the cluster,

Research paper thumbnail of Optical feedback in active matrix polymer OLED displays

Lasers and Electro-Optics Society, IEEE LEOS Annual Meeting, 2003

Among the recent emerging flat display technologies organic LED (OLED) is one of the most interes... more Among the recent emerging flat display technologies organic LED (OLED) is one of the most interesting. Combining the OLED with an active matrix substrate, typically made with low temperature polysilicon, it is possible to greatly reduce the power consumption. In an active matrix substrate the ability of integrating active components can be used to mitigate the OLED differential degradation.

Research paper thumbnail of Borrelia burgdorferi Promotes the Establishment of Babesia microti in the Northeastern United States

PloS one, 2014

Babesia microti and Borrelia burgdorferi, the respective causative agents of human babesiosis and... more Babesia microti and Borrelia burgdorferi, the respective causative agents of human babesiosis and Lyme disease, are maintained in their enzootic cycles by the blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis) and use the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) as primary reservoir host. The geographic range of both pathogens has expanded in the United States, but the spread of babesiosis has lagged behind that of Lyme disease. Several studies have estimated the basic reproduction number (R0) for B. microti to be below the threshold for persistence (<1), a finding that is inconsistent with the persistence and geographic expansion of this pathogen. We tested the hypothesis that host coinfection with B. burgdorferi increases the likelihood of B. microti transmission and establishment in new areas. We fed I. scapularis larva on P. leucopus mice that had been infected in the laboratory with B. microti and/or B. burgdorferi. We observed that coinfection in mice increases the frequency of B. microt...

Research paper thumbnail of Long-term in vitro cultivation of Borrelia miyamotoi

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Modeling the Spatial Distribution of Mosquito Vectors for West Nile Virus in Connecticut, USA

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of Community-Based Prevention of Lyme Disease and Other Tick-Borne Diseases Through Topical Application of Acaricide to White-Tailed Deer: Background and Rationale

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 2009

This series of articles describes the first large-scale experiment designed to explore the effica... more This series of articles describes the first large-scale experiment designed to explore the efficacy of reducing the risk of tick-borne disease in highly endemic communities of the northeastern and Mid-Atlantic United States through deployment of a self-application device that treats white-tailed deer with acaricide to prevent feeding by adult Ixodes scapularis ticks and all stages of Amblyomma americanum ticks where both species occur. The results of the multicenter study are reported in the accompanying articles in this issue. This article describes the background and rationale for this experiment by reviewing relevant literature on current tick-borne disease epidemics and previous efforts to reduce the public health burden of Lyme disease and other tick-borne diseases.

Research paper thumbnail of The United States Department of Agriculture's Northeast Area-Wide Tick Control Project: Summary and Conclusions

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Remotely-Sensed Vegetation Indices Identify Mosquito Clusters of West Nile Virus Vectors in an Urban Landscape in the Northeastern United States

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of An ecological approach to preventing human infection: Vaccinating wild mouse reservoirs intervenes in the Lyme disease cycle

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2004

Research paper thumbnail of MLST of housekeeping genes captures geographic population structure and suggests a European origin of Borrelia burgdorferi

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of Ecology: A Prerequisite for Malaria Elimination and Eradication

Research paper thumbnail of One Health approach to identify research needs in bovine and human babesioses: workshop report

Parasites & Vectors, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of Spatial analysis of West Nile virus: rapid risk assessment of an introduced vector-borne zoonosis

Vector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.), 2002

The distribution of human risk for West Nile virus was determined by spatial analysis of the init... more The distribution of human risk for West Nile virus was determined by spatial analysis of the initial case distribution for the New York City area in 1999 using remote sensing and geographic information system technologies. Cluster analysis revealed the presence of a statistically significant grouping of cases, which also indicates the area of probable virus introduction. Within the cluster, habitat suitability for potentially infective adult mosquitoes was measured by the amount of vegetation cover using satellite imagery. Logistic regression analysis revealed satellite-derived vegetation abundance to be significantly and positively associated with the presence of human cases. The logistic model was used to estimate the spatial distribution of human risk for West Nile virus throughout New York City. Accuracy of the resulting risk map was cross-validated using virus-positive mosquito sample sites. These new epidemiological methods aid in rapid entry point identification and spatial p...

Research paper thumbnail of Response to Esteve-Gassent et al.: flaB sequences obtained from Texas PCR products are identical to the positive control strain Borrelia burgdorferi B31

Parasites & vectors, Jan 9, 2015

Feria-Arroyo et al. had reported previously that, based on PCR analysis, 45 % of Ixodes scapulari... more Feria-Arroyo et al. had reported previously that, based on PCR analysis, 45 % of Ixodes scapularis ticks collected in Texas and Mexico were infected with the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi (Parasit. Vectors 2014, 7:199). However, our analyses of their initial data (Parasit. Vectors 2014, 7:467) and a recent response by Esteve-Gassent et al. (Parasit. Vectors 2015, 8:129) provide evidence that the positive PCR results obtained from both ribosomal RNA intergenic sequences and the flagellin gene flaB are highly likely due to contamination by the B. burgdorferi B31 positive control strain.

Research paper thumbnail of Research Paper Modeling the Spatial Distribution of Mosquito Vectors for West Nile Virus in Connecticut, USA

The risk of transmission of West Nile virus (WNV) to humans is associated with the density of inf... more The risk of transmission of West Nile virus (WNV) to humans is associated with the density of infected vector mosquitoes in a given area. Current technology for estimating vector distribution and abundance is primarily based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light trap collections, which provide only point data. In order to estimate mosquito abundance in areas not

Research paper thumbnail of Comparison of three satellite sensors at three spatial scales to predict larval mosquito presence in Connecticut wetlands

Remote Sensing of Environment, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of Enhancing West Nile Virus Surveillance, United States

We provide a method for constructing a county-level West Nile virus risk map to serve as an early... more We provide a method for constructing a county-level West Nile virus risk map to serve as an early warning system for human cases. We also demonstrate that mosquito surveillance is a more accurate predictor of human risk than monitoring dead and infected wild birds.

Research paper thumbnail of Forest fragmentation predicts local scale heterogeneity of Lyme disease risk

Oecologia, 2005

Fragmentation of the landscape has been proposed to play an important role in defining local scal... more Fragmentation of the landscape has been proposed to play an important role in defining local scale heterogeneity in Lyme disease risk through influence on mammalian host density and species composition. We tested this observed relationship in a suburban region around Lyme, Connecticut, where we collected data on the density of the tick vector, Ixodes scapularis and prevalence of the Lyme

Research paper thumbnail of Gut microbiota of the tick vector Ixodes scapularis modulate colonization of the Lyme disease spirochete

Cell host & microbe, Jan 15, 2014

Arthopods such as Ixodes scapularis ticks serve as vectors for many human pathogens. The arthropo... more Arthopods such as Ixodes scapularis ticks serve as vectors for many human pathogens. The arthropod gut presents a pivotal microbial entry point and determines pathogen colonization and survival. We show that the gut microbiota of I. scapularis, a major vector of the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, influence spirochete colonization of ticks. Perturbing the gut microbiota of larval ticks reduced Borrelia colonization, and dysbiosed larvae displayed decreased expression of the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT). Diminished STAT expression corresponded to lower expression of peritrophin, a key glycoprotein scaffold of the glycan-rich mucus-like peritrophic matrix (PM) that separates the gut lumen from the epithelium. The integrity of the I. scapularis PM was essential for B. burgdorferi to efficiently colonize the gut epithelium. These data elucidate a functional link between the gut microbiota, STAT-signaling, and pathogen coloniz...

Research paper thumbnail of Interaction and Transmission of Two Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Stricto Strains in a Tick-Rodent Maintenance System

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2004

In the northeastern United States, the Lyme disease agent, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, is... more In the northeastern United States, the Lyme disease agent, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, is maintained by enzoonotic transmission, cycling between white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) and black-legged ticks (Ixodes scapularis). B. burgdorferi sensu stricto is genetically variable and has been divided into three major genotypes based on 16S-23S ribosomal DNA spacer (RST) analysis. To better understand how genetic differ- ences in

Research paper thumbnail of Research Paper Spatial Analysis of West Nile Virus: Rapid Risk Assessment of an Introduced Vector-Borne Zoonosis

The distribution of human risk for West Nile virus was determined by spatial analysis of the init... more The distribution of human risk for West Nile virus was determined by spatial analysis of the initial case distri- bution for the New York City area in 1999 using remote sensing and geographic information system technologies. Cluster analysis revealed the presence of a statistically significant grouping of cases, which also indicates the area of probable virus introduction. Within the cluster,

Research paper thumbnail of Optical feedback in active matrix polymer OLED displays

Lasers and Electro-Optics Society, IEEE LEOS Annual Meeting, 2003

Among the recent emerging flat display technologies organic LED (OLED) is one of the most interes... more Among the recent emerging flat display technologies organic LED (OLED) is one of the most interesting. Combining the OLED with an active matrix substrate, typically made with low temperature polysilicon, it is possible to greatly reduce the power consumption. In an active matrix substrate the ability of integrating active components can be used to mitigate the OLED differential degradation.

Research paper thumbnail of Borrelia burgdorferi Promotes the Establishment of Babesia microti in the Northeastern United States

PloS one, 2014

Babesia microti and Borrelia burgdorferi, the respective causative agents of human babesiosis and... more Babesia microti and Borrelia burgdorferi, the respective causative agents of human babesiosis and Lyme disease, are maintained in their enzootic cycles by the blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis) and use the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) as primary reservoir host. The geographic range of both pathogens has expanded in the United States, but the spread of babesiosis has lagged behind that of Lyme disease. Several studies have estimated the basic reproduction number (R0) for B. microti to be below the threshold for persistence (<1), a finding that is inconsistent with the persistence and geographic expansion of this pathogen. We tested the hypothesis that host coinfection with B. burgdorferi increases the likelihood of B. microti transmission and establishment in new areas. We fed I. scapularis larva on P. leucopus mice that had been infected in the laboratory with B. microti and/or B. burgdorferi. We observed that coinfection in mice increases the frequency of B. microt...

Research paper thumbnail of Long-term in vitro cultivation of Borrelia miyamotoi

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Modeling the Spatial Distribution of Mosquito Vectors for West Nile Virus in Connecticut, USA

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of Community-Based Prevention of Lyme Disease and Other Tick-Borne Diseases Through Topical Application of Acaricide to White-Tailed Deer: Background and Rationale

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 2009

This series of articles describes the first large-scale experiment designed to explore the effica... more This series of articles describes the first large-scale experiment designed to explore the efficacy of reducing the risk of tick-borne disease in highly endemic communities of the northeastern and Mid-Atlantic United States through deployment of a self-application device that treats white-tailed deer with acaricide to prevent feeding by adult Ixodes scapularis ticks and all stages of Amblyomma americanum ticks where both species occur. The results of the multicenter study are reported in the accompanying articles in this issue. This article describes the background and rationale for this experiment by reviewing relevant literature on current tick-borne disease epidemics and previous efforts to reduce the public health burden of Lyme disease and other tick-borne diseases.

Research paper thumbnail of The United States Department of Agriculture's Northeast Area-Wide Tick Control Project: Summary and Conclusions

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Remotely-Sensed Vegetation Indices Identify Mosquito Clusters of West Nile Virus Vectors in an Urban Landscape in the Northeastern United States

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of An ecological approach to preventing human infection: Vaccinating wild mouse reservoirs intervenes in the Lyme disease cycle

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2004

Research paper thumbnail of MLST of housekeeping genes captures geographic population structure and suggests a European origin of Borrelia burgdorferi

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of Ecology: A Prerequisite for Malaria Elimination and Eradication

Research paper thumbnail of One Health approach to identify research needs in bovine and human babesioses: workshop report

Parasites & Vectors, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of Spatial analysis of West Nile virus: rapid risk assessment of an introduced vector-borne zoonosis

Vector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.), 2002

The distribution of human risk for West Nile virus was determined by spatial analysis of the init... more The distribution of human risk for West Nile virus was determined by spatial analysis of the initial case distribution for the New York City area in 1999 using remote sensing and geographic information system technologies. Cluster analysis revealed the presence of a statistically significant grouping of cases, which also indicates the area of probable virus introduction. Within the cluster, habitat suitability for potentially infective adult mosquitoes was measured by the amount of vegetation cover using satellite imagery. Logistic regression analysis revealed satellite-derived vegetation abundance to be significantly and positively associated with the presence of human cases. The logistic model was used to estimate the spatial distribution of human risk for West Nile virus throughout New York City. Accuracy of the resulting risk map was cross-validated using virus-positive mosquito sample sites. These new epidemiological methods aid in rapid entry point identification and spatial p...