Duy Thuc Tran - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Duy Thuc Tran

Research paper thumbnail of Identifying Unstable Damage Growth in CFRP Composites under Tension

Structural Health Monitoring 2017, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of The aggregate association index and its extensions

Recently, a new index was proposed that identifies how likely two dichotomous variables may be as... more Recently, a new index was proposed that identifies how likely two dichotomous variables may be associated, given only the aggregate, or marginal, information. Such an index is referred to as the aggregate association index, or the AAI. In this presentation we shall consider some extensions of the AAI that demonstrates its methodological and practical links with other simple, but popular, measures of association for 2x2 tables.

Research paper thumbnail of Functional analysis of serotonin transporter in lipid metabolism of Drosophila melanogaster

Research paper thumbnail of Méthodes de pré-dimensionnement des équipements sous pression en composite à matrice thermoplastique

La fabrication des equipements sous pression (ESP) en materiaux composites a matrice thermoplasti... more La fabrication des equipements sous pression (ESP) en materiaux composites a matrice thermoplastique par enroulement filamentaire avec systeme de chauffage laser a ete developpee par le CETIM pour proposer aux industriels des produits a grande cadence de fabrication avec des reductions de cout associees. Cet article porte sur les methodes de calcul de l’ESP. Differents modeles sont consideres, fondes sur differentes hypotheses afin de bien comprendre le role des parametres de conception (geometrie, orientation, ...). Les ESP peuvent etre decomposes en deux zones utiles (la virole et le dome) et une hypothese d’axisymetrie (geometrie, chargement et materiau) peut etre introduite. Les choix de modelisation dependent du rapport entre l’epaisseur et le rayon (e/R). Au niveau de la virole, si ce rapport est petit (e/R>=0.1), on peut utiliser un modele de plaque. Si on elimine en plus la zone d’interaction avec le dome, on obtient un modele de membrane en traction biaxiale. Par contre,...

Research paper thumbnail of Identifying transition of fatigue cracks from tensile to shear mode based on acoustic emission signals

Acoustic emission (AE) based structural health monitoring relies on detection and analysis of str... more Acoustic emission (AE) based structural health monitoring relies on detection and analysis of stress waves released by damage growth. The features of AE waveforms such as amplitude, frequency, energy, and rise time could be used characterize the relationship between acoustic emission signals received at a particular instant and the nature of damage growth, and several studies have examined such relationships. Acoustic emission generated by fatigue cracks propagate as a combination of a number of Lamb wave modes in plates, and hence by identifying the modal components it is potentially possible to learn about the conditions under which the crack is propagating. This paper examines the modal features of the acoustic emission signals generated at different stages of fatigue crack growth. A key requirement for this analysis is high fidelity required from the sensor recording AE signals, so that the different modes can be identified. Fatigue crack in a 6061 aluminum plate was monitored u...

Research paper thumbnail of Highly Effective Freshwater and Seawater Electrolysis Enabled by Atomic Rh‐Modulated Co‐CoO Lateral Heterostructures

Small, 2021

Atomic metal-modulated heterostructures have been evidenced as an exciting solution to develop hi... more Atomic metal-modulated heterostructures have been evidenced as an exciting solution to develop high-performance multifunctional electrocatalyst toward water splitting. In this research, a catalyst of continuous cobalt-cobalt oxide (Co-CoO) lateral heterostructures implanted with well-dispersed rhodium (Rh) atoms and shelled over conductive porous 1D copper (Cu) nano-supports for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in both freshwater and seawater under alkaline condition is proposed. It is found that synergistic effects coming from uniform Rh atoms at doping level and Co-CoO heterostructures afford rich multi-integrated active sites and excellent charge transfer, thereby effectively promoting both HER and OER activities. The material requires overpotentials of 107.3 and 137.7 mV for HER and 277.7 and 260 mV for OER to reach an output of 10 mA cm-1 in freshwater and mimic seawater, respectively, surpassing earlier reported catalysts. Compared to a benchmark a Pt/C//RuO2 -based two-electrode electrolyzer, a device derived from the 1D-Cu@Co-CoO/Rh on copper foam delivers comparable cell voltages of 1.62, 1.60, and 1.70 V at 10 mA cm-2 in freshwater, mimic seawater, and natural seawater, respectively, together with robust stability. These results evidence that 1D-Cu@Co-CoO/Rh is a promising catalyst for green hydrogen generation via freshwater and seawater electrolysis applications.

Research paper thumbnail of Molybdenum and Phosphorous Dual Doping in Cobalt Monolayer Interfacial Assembled Cobalt Nanowires for Efficient Overall Water Splitting

Advanced Functional Materials, 2020

The necessity for better water splitting requires speedy development of efficient catalysts with ... more The necessity for better water splitting requires speedy development of efficient catalysts with high activity, long-term stability, and cost effectiveness. In this work, a bifunctional catalyst originating from the interfacial assembly of a thin Mo,P-codoped Co layer (≈50 nm) shelled Co nanowire (Co-Mo-P/CoNWs) network is fabricated via a facile approach. The catalyst exhibits low overpotentials of 0.08 and 0.27 V to reach a current response of 20 mA cm −2 for the hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction, respectively, together with long-term stability in 1.0 m KOH medium. The outstanding performance is further demonstrated by a Co-Mo-P/CoNWs-based electrolyzer, which enables a cell voltage of only 1.495 V to reach 10 mA cm −2 , superior to one derived from commercial (Pt/C + RuO 2 /C) as well as to various reports recently published elsewhere. It is recognized that the formation of multiactive centers together with the increased active site number caused by Mo and P dual doping synergistically promote both hydrogen and oxygen evolution performance. Such a hybrid material opens a new approach for developing efficient and cost-effective catalysts for water splitting application.

Research paper thumbnail of G1691A Mutation of F5 Gene and Preeclampsia

Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2014

Background:G1691A mutation of F5 gene is a risk factor of thrombosis and endothelial dysfunction ... more Background:G1691A mutation of F5 gene is a risk factor of thrombosis and endothelial dysfunction causing preeclampsia (PE). This study aimed to (1) determine the rate of 1691GG, 1691GA and 1691AA genotypes of F5 gene in preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women, and (2) survey the association between G1691A mutation of F5 gene and preeclampsia. Patients and methods: 73 preeclamptic pregnant women and 292 normotensive pregnant women were determined G1691A genotypes of F5 gene by PCR-RFLP in with DNA samples extracted from peripheral blood lymphocytes. Results:100% normotensive pregnant women were 1691GG genotype. In the group of preeclamptic pregnant women, the rate of 1691GA genotype and 1691GG were 4.1% and 95.9%, respectively. G1691A mutation was a risk factor of preeclampsia, with OR = 29.04, 95%CI = 1.48-558.72. The rate of G1691A mutation carriers in mild PE group was 0%, in severe PE was 7.7% and in eclampsia was 100%. Conclusion:There was the association between G1691A mut...

Research paper thumbnail of The Aggregate Association Index applied to stratified 2 × 2 tables: Application to the 1893 election data in New Zealand

Statistical Journal of the IAOS, 2018

Data aggregation often occurs due to data collection methods or confidentiality laws imposed by g... more Data aggregation often occurs due to data collection methods or confidentiality laws imposed by government and institutional organisations. This kind of practice is carried out to ensure that an individual's privacy is protected but it results in selective information being distributed. In this case, the availability of only aggregate data makes it difficult to draw conclusions about the association between categorical variables. This issue lies at the heart of Ecological Inference (EI) and is of growing concern for data analysts, especially for those dealing with the aggregate analysis of a single, or multiple, 2 × 2 contingency tables. Currently, there are a number of EI approaches that are available and provide the analyst with tools to analyse aggregated data but their success has been mixed due to the variety of assumptions that are made about the individual level data, or the models that are developed to analyse them. As an alternative to ecological inference, one may consider the Aggregate Association Index (AAI). This index gives the analyst an indication of the likely association structure between two categorical variables of a single 2 × 2 contingency table when the individual level, or joint frequency/proportion, data is unknown. To date, the AAI has been developed for the analysis of a single 2 × 2 table. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to extend the application of the AAI to the case where aggregated data from multiple 2 × 2 tables (i.e. stratified 2 × 2 tables) require analysis. To illustrate this new extension of the AAI, New Zealand voting data in 1893 is studied with the focus on gender. This data comprises of fifty-five electorates where the data available consists of the marginal information of a 2 × 2 table. The importance of this New Zealand voting data is that it was in this 1893 election where gender equality in voting at a national level was recognised for the first time in the world.

Research paper thumbnail of Cell-Based Therapies in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation

Journal of reconstructive microsurgery, Jan 26, 2018

Dendritic cells (DCs) are bone marrow-derived, professional antigen-presenting cells with tolero... more Dendritic cells (DCs) are bone marrow-derived, professional antigen-presenting cells with tolerogenic function. The ability of DCs to regulate alloantigen-specific T cell responses and to promote tolerance has aligned them ideally for a role in vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA). In this study, we summarize the current evidence for DC therapies for tolerance induction to alleviate the requirement for chronic immunosuppression. A comprehensive and structured review of manuscripts published on VCA was performed using the MEDLINE and PubMed databases. All eligible studies published from the year 2000 to 2017 were included in the final results. Nineteen original preclinical and clinical studies that employed cell therapy for VCA were included in this review. In vivo DC therapy was found to direct the alloimmune response toward either transplant rejection or tolerance in VCA models. While injection of mature DCs rapidly increases T-cell activity in humans and promotes tr...

Research paper thumbnail of Members of the GalNAc-T family of enzymes utilize distinct Golgi localization mechanisms

Glycobiology, Nov 6, 2018

Mucin-type O-glycosylation is an evolutionarily conserved and essential post-translational protei... more Mucin-type O-glycosylation is an evolutionarily conserved and essential post-translational protein modification that is initiated in the Golgi apparatus by a family of enzymes known as the UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts). GalNAc-Ts are type II membrane proteins which contain short N-terminal tails located in the cytoplasm, a transmembrane domain that crosses the Golgi membrane, to which is connected a stem region that tethers the C-terminal catalytic and lectin domains that reside in the Golgi lumen. Although mucin-type O-glycans have been shown to play critical roles in numerous biological processes, little is known about how the GalNAc-Ts are targeted to their site of action within the Golgi complex. Here, we investigate the essential protein domains required for Golgi localization of four representative members of the GalNAc-T family of enzymes. We find that GalNAc-T1 and -T2 require their cytoplasmic tail and transmembrane domains for proper...

Research paper thumbnail of A molecular switch orchestrates enzyme specificity and secretory granule morphology

Nature communications, Aug 29, 2018

Regulated secretion is an essential process where molecules destined for export are directed to m... more Regulated secretion is an essential process where molecules destined for export are directed to membranous secretory granules, where they undergo packaging and maturation. Here, we identify a gene (pgant9) that influences the structure and shape of secretory granules within the Drosophila salivary gland. Loss of pgant9, which encodes an O-glycosyltransferase, results in secretory granules with an irregular, shard-like morphology, and altered glycosylation of cargo. Interestingly, pgant9 undergoes a splicing event that acts as a molecular switch to alter the charge of a loop controlling access to the active site of the enzyme. The splice variant with the negatively charged loop glycosylates the positively charged secretory cargo and rescues secretory granule morphology. Our study highlights a mechanism for dictating substrate specificity within the O-glycosyltransferase enzyme family. Moreover, our in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that the glycosylation status of secretory cargo ...

Research paper thumbnail of Concerted actions of distinct nonmuscle myosin II isoforms drive intracellular membrane remodeling in live animals

The Journal of cell biology, Jul 3, 2017

Membrane remodeling plays a fundamental role during a variety of biological events. However, the ... more Membrane remodeling plays a fundamental role during a variety of biological events. However, the dynamics and the molecular mechanisms regulating this process within cells in mammalian tissues in situ remain largely unknown. In this study, we use intravital subcellular microscopy in live mice to study the role of the actomyosin cytoskeleton in driving the remodeling of membranes of large secretory granules, which are integrated into the plasma membrane during regulated exocytosis. We show that two isoforms of nonmuscle myosin II, NMIIA and NMIIB, control distinct steps of the integration process. Furthermore, we find that F-actin is not essential for the recruitment of NMII to the secretory granules but plays a key role in the assembly and activation of NMII into contractile filaments. Our data support a dual role for the actomyosin cytoskeleton in providing the mechanical forces required to remodel the lipid bilayer and serving as a scaffold to recruit key regulatory molecules.

Research paper thumbnail of The GalNAc-T Activation Pathway (GALA) is not a general mechanism for regulating mucin-type O-glycosylation

PloS one, 2017

Mucin-type O-glycosylation is initiated by the UDP-GalNAc polypeptide:N-acetylgalactosaminyltrans... more Mucin-type O-glycosylation is initiated by the UDP-GalNAc polypeptide:N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GalNAc-T) family of enzymes. Their activity results in the GalNAc α1-O-Thr/Ser structure, termed the Tn antigen, which is further decorated with additional sugars. In neoplastic cells, the Tn antigen is often overexpressed. Because O-glycosylation is controlled by the activity of GalNAc-Ts, their regulation is of great interest. Previous reports suggest that growth factors, EGF or PDGF, induce Golgi complex-to-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) relocation of both GalNAc-Ts and Tn antigen in HeLa cells, offering a mechanism for Tn antigen overexpression termed "GALA". However, we were unable to reproduce these findings. Upon treatment of HeLa cells with either EGF or PDGF we observed no change in the co-localization of endogenous GalNAc-T1, GalNAc-T2 or Tn antigen with the Golgi complex marker TGN46. There was also no enhancement of localization with the ER marker calnexin. We c...

Research paper thumbnail of Real-time insights into regulated exocytosis

Journal of cell science, Apr 16, 2017

Real-time imaging of regulated exocytosis in secreting organs can provide unprecedented temporal ... more Real-time imaging of regulated exocytosis in secreting organs can provide unprecedented temporal and spatial detail. Here, we highlight recent advances in 3D time-lapse imaging in Drosophila salivary glands at single-granule resolution. Using fluorescently labeled proteins expressed in the fly, it is now possible to image the dynamics of vesicle biogenesis and the cytoskeletal factors involved in secretion. 3D imaging over time allows one to visualize and define the temporal sequence of events, including clearance of cortical actin, fusion pore formation, mixing of the vesicular and plasma membranes and recruitment of components of the cytoskeleton. We will also discuss the genetic tools available in the fly that allow one to interrogate the essential factors involved in secretory vesicle formation, cargo secretion and the ultimate integration of the vesicular and plasma membranes. We argue that the combination of high-resolution real-time imaging and powerful genetics provides a pl...

Research paper thumbnail of Thermo-hydro-mechanical behavior of argillite

Research paper thumbnail of Arp2/3-mediated F-actin formation controls regulated exocytosis in vivo

Nature communications, Jan 7, 2015

The actin cytoskeleton plays crucial roles in many cellular processes, including regulated secret... more The actin cytoskeleton plays crucial roles in many cellular processes, including regulated secretion. However, the mechanisms controlling F-actin dynamics in this process are largely unknown. Through 3D time-lapse imaging in a secreting organ, we show that F-actin is actively disassembled along the apical plasma membrane at the site of secretory vesicle fusion and re-assembled directionally on vesicle membranes. Moreover, we show that fusion pore formation and PIP2 redistribution precedes actin and myosin recruitment to secretory vesicle membranes. Finally, we show essential roles for the branched actin nucleators Arp2/3- and WASp in the process of secretory cargo expulsion and integration of vesicular membranes with the apical plasma membrane. Our results highlight previously unknown roles for branched actin in exocytosis and provide a genetically tractable system to image the temporal and spatial dynamics of polarized secretion in vivo.

Research paper thumbnail of Video analysis for traffic anomaly detection using support vector machines

Proceeding of the 11th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation, 2014

In this paper we present a video-based traffic surveillance system which analyzes the video foota... more In this paper we present a video-based traffic surveillance system which analyzes the video footage and uses the trajectories of the vehicles to detect any anomalous vehicle behavior at a traffic intersection. The trajectory analysis is done using support vector machines (SVMs). We also discuss the trajectory representation and trajectory filtering methods for increasing the accuracy of detection. To validate the proposed algorithms, we use data collected from a small scale testbed, which allows us to generate various training and testing data. This capability makes it possible to study how the different levels of variation in the training data impact the performance of the SVM classification.

Research paper thumbnail of Clustering of Stratified Aggregated Data Using the Aggregate Association Index: Analysis of New Zealand Voter Turnout (1893–1919)

Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization, 2014

Recently, the Aggregate Association Index (AAI) was proposed to identify the likely association s... more Recently, the Aggregate Association Index (AAI) was proposed to identify the likely association structure between two dichotomous variables of a 2×2 contingency table when only aggregate, or equivalently the marginal, data are available. In this paper we shall explore the utility of the AAI and its features for analysing gendered New Zealand voting data in 11 national elections held between 1893 and 1919. We shall demonstrate that, by using these features, one can identify clusters of homogeneous electorates that share similar voting behaviour between the male and female voters. We shall also use these features to compare the association between gender and voting behaviour across each of the 11 elections.

Research paper thumbnail of Fabrication of Silicon Nanowire Biosensor for Label-Free Detection of the Prognostic Cancer Marker ALCAM

Research paper thumbnail of Identifying Unstable Damage Growth in CFRP Composites under Tension

Structural Health Monitoring 2017, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of The aggregate association index and its extensions

Recently, a new index was proposed that identifies how likely two dichotomous variables may be as... more Recently, a new index was proposed that identifies how likely two dichotomous variables may be associated, given only the aggregate, or marginal, information. Such an index is referred to as the aggregate association index, or the AAI. In this presentation we shall consider some extensions of the AAI that demonstrates its methodological and practical links with other simple, but popular, measures of association for 2x2 tables.

Research paper thumbnail of Functional analysis of serotonin transporter in lipid metabolism of Drosophila melanogaster

Research paper thumbnail of Méthodes de pré-dimensionnement des équipements sous pression en composite à matrice thermoplastique

La fabrication des equipements sous pression (ESP) en materiaux composites a matrice thermoplasti... more La fabrication des equipements sous pression (ESP) en materiaux composites a matrice thermoplastique par enroulement filamentaire avec systeme de chauffage laser a ete developpee par le CETIM pour proposer aux industriels des produits a grande cadence de fabrication avec des reductions de cout associees. Cet article porte sur les methodes de calcul de l’ESP. Differents modeles sont consideres, fondes sur differentes hypotheses afin de bien comprendre le role des parametres de conception (geometrie, orientation, ...). Les ESP peuvent etre decomposes en deux zones utiles (la virole et le dome) et une hypothese d’axisymetrie (geometrie, chargement et materiau) peut etre introduite. Les choix de modelisation dependent du rapport entre l’epaisseur et le rayon (e/R). Au niveau de la virole, si ce rapport est petit (e/R>=0.1), on peut utiliser un modele de plaque. Si on elimine en plus la zone d’interaction avec le dome, on obtient un modele de membrane en traction biaxiale. Par contre,...

Research paper thumbnail of Identifying transition of fatigue cracks from tensile to shear mode based on acoustic emission signals

Acoustic emission (AE) based structural health monitoring relies on detection and analysis of str... more Acoustic emission (AE) based structural health monitoring relies on detection and analysis of stress waves released by damage growth. The features of AE waveforms such as amplitude, frequency, energy, and rise time could be used characterize the relationship between acoustic emission signals received at a particular instant and the nature of damage growth, and several studies have examined such relationships. Acoustic emission generated by fatigue cracks propagate as a combination of a number of Lamb wave modes in plates, and hence by identifying the modal components it is potentially possible to learn about the conditions under which the crack is propagating. This paper examines the modal features of the acoustic emission signals generated at different stages of fatigue crack growth. A key requirement for this analysis is high fidelity required from the sensor recording AE signals, so that the different modes can be identified. Fatigue crack in a 6061 aluminum plate was monitored u...

Research paper thumbnail of Highly Effective Freshwater and Seawater Electrolysis Enabled by Atomic Rh‐Modulated Co‐CoO Lateral Heterostructures

Small, 2021

Atomic metal-modulated heterostructures have been evidenced as an exciting solution to develop hi... more Atomic metal-modulated heterostructures have been evidenced as an exciting solution to develop high-performance multifunctional electrocatalyst toward water splitting. In this research, a catalyst of continuous cobalt-cobalt oxide (Co-CoO) lateral heterostructures implanted with well-dispersed rhodium (Rh) atoms and shelled over conductive porous 1D copper (Cu) nano-supports for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in both freshwater and seawater under alkaline condition is proposed. It is found that synergistic effects coming from uniform Rh atoms at doping level and Co-CoO heterostructures afford rich multi-integrated active sites and excellent charge transfer, thereby effectively promoting both HER and OER activities. The material requires overpotentials of 107.3 and 137.7 mV for HER and 277.7 and 260 mV for OER to reach an output of 10 mA cm-1 in freshwater and mimic seawater, respectively, surpassing earlier reported catalysts. Compared to a benchmark a Pt/C//RuO2 -based two-electrode electrolyzer, a device derived from the 1D-Cu@Co-CoO/Rh on copper foam delivers comparable cell voltages of 1.62, 1.60, and 1.70 V at 10 mA cm-2 in freshwater, mimic seawater, and natural seawater, respectively, together with robust stability. These results evidence that 1D-Cu@Co-CoO/Rh is a promising catalyst for green hydrogen generation via freshwater and seawater electrolysis applications.

Research paper thumbnail of Molybdenum and Phosphorous Dual Doping in Cobalt Monolayer Interfacial Assembled Cobalt Nanowires for Efficient Overall Water Splitting

Advanced Functional Materials, 2020

The necessity for better water splitting requires speedy development of efficient catalysts with ... more The necessity for better water splitting requires speedy development of efficient catalysts with high activity, long-term stability, and cost effectiveness. In this work, a bifunctional catalyst originating from the interfacial assembly of a thin Mo,P-codoped Co layer (≈50 nm) shelled Co nanowire (Co-Mo-P/CoNWs) network is fabricated via a facile approach. The catalyst exhibits low overpotentials of 0.08 and 0.27 V to reach a current response of 20 mA cm −2 for the hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction, respectively, together with long-term stability in 1.0 m KOH medium. The outstanding performance is further demonstrated by a Co-Mo-P/CoNWs-based electrolyzer, which enables a cell voltage of only 1.495 V to reach 10 mA cm −2 , superior to one derived from commercial (Pt/C + RuO 2 /C) as well as to various reports recently published elsewhere. It is recognized that the formation of multiactive centers together with the increased active site number caused by Mo and P dual doping synergistically promote both hydrogen and oxygen evolution performance. Such a hybrid material opens a new approach for developing efficient and cost-effective catalysts for water splitting application.

Research paper thumbnail of G1691A Mutation of F5 Gene and Preeclampsia

Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2014

Background:G1691A mutation of F5 gene is a risk factor of thrombosis and endothelial dysfunction ... more Background:G1691A mutation of F5 gene is a risk factor of thrombosis and endothelial dysfunction causing preeclampsia (PE). This study aimed to (1) determine the rate of 1691GG, 1691GA and 1691AA genotypes of F5 gene in preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women, and (2) survey the association between G1691A mutation of F5 gene and preeclampsia. Patients and methods: 73 preeclamptic pregnant women and 292 normotensive pregnant women were determined G1691A genotypes of F5 gene by PCR-RFLP in with DNA samples extracted from peripheral blood lymphocytes. Results:100% normotensive pregnant women were 1691GG genotype. In the group of preeclamptic pregnant women, the rate of 1691GA genotype and 1691GG were 4.1% and 95.9%, respectively. G1691A mutation was a risk factor of preeclampsia, with OR = 29.04, 95%CI = 1.48-558.72. The rate of G1691A mutation carriers in mild PE group was 0%, in severe PE was 7.7% and in eclampsia was 100%. Conclusion:There was the association between G1691A mut...

Research paper thumbnail of The Aggregate Association Index applied to stratified 2 × 2 tables: Application to the 1893 election data in New Zealand

Statistical Journal of the IAOS, 2018

Data aggregation often occurs due to data collection methods or confidentiality laws imposed by g... more Data aggregation often occurs due to data collection methods or confidentiality laws imposed by government and institutional organisations. This kind of practice is carried out to ensure that an individual's privacy is protected but it results in selective information being distributed. In this case, the availability of only aggregate data makes it difficult to draw conclusions about the association between categorical variables. This issue lies at the heart of Ecological Inference (EI) and is of growing concern for data analysts, especially for those dealing with the aggregate analysis of a single, or multiple, 2 × 2 contingency tables. Currently, there are a number of EI approaches that are available and provide the analyst with tools to analyse aggregated data but their success has been mixed due to the variety of assumptions that are made about the individual level data, or the models that are developed to analyse them. As an alternative to ecological inference, one may consider the Aggregate Association Index (AAI). This index gives the analyst an indication of the likely association structure between two categorical variables of a single 2 × 2 contingency table when the individual level, or joint frequency/proportion, data is unknown. To date, the AAI has been developed for the analysis of a single 2 × 2 table. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to extend the application of the AAI to the case where aggregated data from multiple 2 × 2 tables (i.e. stratified 2 × 2 tables) require analysis. To illustrate this new extension of the AAI, New Zealand voting data in 1893 is studied with the focus on gender. This data comprises of fifty-five electorates where the data available consists of the marginal information of a 2 × 2 table. The importance of this New Zealand voting data is that it was in this 1893 election where gender equality in voting at a national level was recognised for the first time in the world.

Research paper thumbnail of Cell-Based Therapies in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation

Journal of reconstructive microsurgery, Jan 26, 2018

Dendritic cells (DCs) are bone marrow-derived, professional antigen-presenting cells with tolero... more Dendritic cells (DCs) are bone marrow-derived, professional antigen-presenting cells with tolerogenic function. The ability of DCs to regulate alloantigen-specific T cell responses and to promote tolerance has aligned them ideally for a role in vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA). In this study, we summarize the current evidence for DC therapies for tolerance induction to alleviate the requirement for chronic immunosuppression. A comprehensive and structured review of manuscripts published on VCA was performed using the MEDLINE and PubMed databases. All eligible studies published from the year 2000 to 2017 were included in the final results. Nineteen original preclinical and clinical studies that employed cell therapy for VCA were included in this review. In vivo DC therapy was found to direct the alloimmune response toward either transplant rejection or tolerance in VCA models. While injection of mature DCs rapidly increases T-cell activity in humans and promotes tr...

Research paper thumbnail of Members of the GalNAc-T family of enzymes utilize distinct Golgi localization mechanisms

Glycobiology, Nov 6, 2018

Mucin-type O-glycosylation is an evolutionarily conserved and essential post-translational protei... more Mucin-type O-glycosylation is an evolutionarily conserved and essential post-translational protein modification that is initiated in the Golgi apparatus by a family of enzymes known as the UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts). GalNAc-Ts are type II membrane proteins which contain short N-terminal tails located in the cytoplasm, a transmembrane domain that crosses the Golgi membrane, to which is connected a stem region that tethers the C-terminal catalytic and lectin domains that reside in the Golgi lumen. Although mucin-type O-glycans have been shown to play critical roles in numerous biological processes, little is known about how the GalNAc-Ts are targeted to their site of action within the Golgi complex. Here, we investigate the essential protein domains required for Golgi localization of four representative members of the GalNAc-T family of enzymes. We find that GalNAc-T1 and -T2 require their cytoplasmic tail and transmembrane domains for proper...

Research paper thumbnail of A molecular switch orchestrates enzyme specificity and secretory granule morphology

Nature communications, Aug 29, 2018

Regulated secretion is an essential process where molecules destined for export are directed to m... more Regulated secretion is an essential process where molecules destined for export are directed to membranous secretory granules, where they undergo packaging and maturation. Here, we identify a gene (pgant9) that influences the structure and shape of secretory granules within the Drosophila salivary gland. Loss of pgant9, which encodes an O-glycosyltransferase, results in secretory granules with an irregular, shard-like morphology, and altered glycosylation of cargo. Interestingly, pgant9 undergoes a splicing event that acts as a molecular switch to alter the charge of a loop controlling access to the active site of the enzyme. The splice variant with the negatively charged loop glycosylates the positively charged secretory cargo and rescues secretory granule morphology. Our study highlights a mechanism for dictating substrate specificity within the O-glycosyltransferase enzyme family. Moreover, our in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that the glycosylation status of secretory cargo ...

Research paper thumbnail of Concerted actions of distinct nonmuscle myosin II isoforms drive intracellular membrane remodeling in live animals

The Journal of cell biology, Jul 3, 2017

Membrane remodeling plays a fundamental role during a variety of biological events. However, the ... more Membrane remodeling plays a fundamental role during a variety of biological events. However, the dynamics and the molecular mechanisms regulating this process within cells in mammalian tissues in situ remain largely unknown. In this study, we use intravital subcellular microscopy in live mice to study the role of the actomyosin cytoskeleton in driving the remodeling of membranes of large secretory granules, which are integrated into the plasma membrane during regulated exocytosis. We show that two isoforms of nonmuscle myosin II, NMIIA and NMIIB, control distinct steps of the integration process. Furthermore, we find that F-actin is not essential for the recruitment of NMII to the secretory granules but plays a key role in the assembly and activation of NMII into contractile filaments. Our data support a dual role for the actomyosin cytoskeleton in providing the mechanical forces required to remodel the lipid bilayer and serving as a scaffold to recruit key regulatory molecules.

Research paper thumbnail of The GalNAc-T Activation Pathway (GALA) is not a general mechanism for regulating mucin-type O-glycosylation

PloS one, 2017

Mucin-type O-glycosylation is initiated by the UDP-GalNAc polypeptide:N-acetylgalactosaminyltrans... more Mucin-type O-glycosylation is initiated by the UDP-GalNAc polypeptide:N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GalNAc-T) family of enzymes. Their activity results in the GalNAc α1-O-Thr/Ser structure, termed the Tn antigen, which is further decorated with additional sugars. In neoplastic cells, the Tn antigen is often overexpressed. Because O-glycosylation is controlled by the activity of GalNAc-Ts, their regulation is of great interest. Previous reports suggest that growth factors, EGF or PDGF, induce Golgi complex-to-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) relocation of both GalNAc-Ts and Tn antigen in HeLa cells, offering a mechanism for Tn antigen overexpression termed "GALA". However, we were unable to reproduce these findings. Upon treatment of HeLa cells with either EGF or PDGF we observed no change in the co-localization of endogenous GalNAc-T1, GalNAc-T2 or Tn antigen with the Golgi complex marker TGN46. There was also no enhancement of localization with the ER marker calnexin. We c...

Research paper thumbnail of Real-time insights into regulated exocytosis

Journal of cell science, Apr 16, 2017

Real-time imaging of regulated exocytosis in secreting organs can provide unprecedented temporal ... more Real-time imaging of regulated exocytosis in secreting organs can provide unprecedented temporal and spatial detail. Here, we highlight recent advances in 3D time-lapse imaging in Drosophila salivary glands at single-granule resolution. Using fluorescently labeled proteins expressed in the fly, it is now possible to image the dynamics of vesicle biogenesis and the cytoskeletal factors involved in secretion. 3D imaging over time allows one to visualize and define the temporal sequence of events, including clearance of cortical actin, fusion pore formation, mixing of the vesicular and plasma membranes and recruitment of components of the cytoskeleton. We will also discuss the genetic tools available in the fly that allow one to interrogate the essential factors involved in secretory vesicle formation, cargo secretion and the ultimate integration of the vesicular and plasma membranes. We argue that the combination of high-resolution real-time imaging and powerful genetics provides a pl...

Research paper thumbnail of Thermo-hydro-mechanical behavior of argillite

Research paper thumbnail of Arp2/3-mediated F-actin formation controls regulated exocytosis in vivo

Nature communications, Jan 7, 2015

The actin cytoskeleton plays crucial roles in many cellular processes, including regulated secret... more The actin cytoskeleton plays crucial roles in many cellular processes, including regulated secretion. However, the mechanisms controlling F-actin dynamics in this process are largely unknown. Through 3D time-lapse imaging in a secreting organ, we show that F-actin is actively disassembled along the apical plasma membrane at the site of secretory vesicle fusion and re-assembled directionally on vesicle membranes. Moreover, we show that fusion pore formation and PIP2 redistribution precedes actin and myosin recruitment to secretory vesicle membranes. Finally, we show essential roles for the branched actin nucleators Arp2/3- and WASp in the process of secretory cargo expulsion and integration of vesicular membranes with the apical plasma membrane. Our results highlight previously unknown roles for branched actin in exocytosis and provide a genetically tractable system to image the temporal and spatial dynamics of polarized secretion in vivo.

Research paper thumbnail of Video analysis for traffic anomaly detection using support vector machines

Proceeding of the 11th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation, 2014

In this paper we present a video-based traffic surveillance system which analyzes the video foota... more In this paper we present a video-based traffic surveillance system which analyzes the video footage and uses the trajectories of the vehicles to detect any anomalous vehicle behavior at a traffic intersection. The trajectory analysis is done using support vector machines (SVMs). We also discuss the trajectory representation and trajectory filtering methods for increasing the accuracy of detection. To validate the proposed algorithms, we use data collected from a small scale testbed, which allows us to generate various training and testing data. This capability makes it possible to study how the different levels of variation in the training data impact the performance of the SVM classification.

Research paper thumbnail of Clustering of Stratified Aggregated Data Using the Aggregate Association Index: Analysis of New Zealand Voter Turnout (1893–1919)

Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization, 2014

Recently, the Aggregate Association Index (AAI) was proposed to identify the likely association s... more Recently, the Aggregate Association Index (AAI) was proposed to identify the likely association structure between two dichotomous variables of a 2×2 contingency table when only aggregate, or equivalently the marginal, data are available. In this paper we shall explore the utility of the AAI and its features for analysing gendered New Zealand voting data in 11 national elections held between 1893 and 1919. We shall demonstrate that, by using these features, one can identify clusters of homogeneous electorates that share similar voting behaviour between the male and female voters. We shall also use these features to compare the association between gender and voting behaviour across each of the 11 elections.

Research paper thumbnail of Fabrication of Silicon Nanowire Biosensor for Label-Free Detection of the Prognostic Cancer Marker ALCAM