Duy Thuc Tran - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Duy Thuc Tran
Structural Health Monitoring 2017, 2017
Recently, a new index was proposed that identifies how likely two dichotomous variables may be as... more Recently, a new index was proposed that identifies how likely two dichotomous variables may be associated, given only the aggregate, or marginal, information. Such an index is referred to as the aggregate association index, or the AAI. In this presentation we shall consider some extensions of the AAI that demonstrates its methodological and practical links with other simple, but popular, measures of association for 2x2 tables.
La fabrication des equipements sous pression (ESP) en materiaux composites a matrice thermoplasti... more La fabrication des equipements sous pression (ESP) en materiaux composites a matrice thermoplastique par enroulement filamentaire avec systeme de chauffage laser a ete developpee par le CETIM pour proposer aux industriels des produits a grande cadence de fabrication avec des reductions de cout associees. Cet article porte sur les methodes de calcul de l’ESP. Differents modeles sont consideres, fondes sur differentes hypotheses afin de bien comprendre le role des parametres de conception (geometrie, orientation, ...). Les ESP peuvent etre decomposes en deux zones utiles (la virole et le dome) et une hypothese d’axisymetrie (geometrie, chargement et materiau) peut etre introduite. Les choix de modelisation dependent du rapport entre l’epaisseur et le rayon (e/R). Au niveau de la virole, si ce rapport est petit (e/R>=0.1), on peut utiliser un modele de plaque. Si on elimine en plus la zone d’interaction avec le dome, on obtient un modele de membrane en traction biaxiale. Par contre,...
Acoustic emission (AE) based structural health monitoring relies on detection and analysis of str... more Acoustic emission (AE) based structural health monitoring relies on detection and analysis of stress waves released by damage growth. The features of AE waveforms such as amplitude, frequency, energy, and rise time could be used characterize the relationship between acoustic emission signals received at a particular instant and the nature of damage growth, and several studies have examined such relationships. Acoustic emission generated by fatigue cracks propagate as a combination of a number of Lamb wave modes in plates, and hence by identifying the modal components it is potentially possible to learn about the conditions under which the crack is propagating. This paper examines the modal features of the acoustic emission signals generated at different stages of fatigue crack growth. A key requirement for this analysis is high fidelity required from the sensor recording AE signals, so that the different modes can be identified. Fatigue crack in a 6061 aluminum plate was monitored u...
Small, 2021
Atomic metal-modulated heterostructures have been evidenced as an exciting solution to develop hi... more Atomic metal-modulated heterostructures have been evidenced as an exciting solution to develop high-performance multifunctional electrocatalyst toward water splitting. In this research, a catalyst of continuous cobalt-cobalt oxide (Co-CoO) lateral heterostructures implanted with well-dispersed rhodium (Rh) atoms and shelled over conductive porous 1D copper (Cu) nano-supports for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in both freshwater and seawater under alkaline condition is proposed. It is found that synergistic effects coming from uniform Rh atoms at doping level and Co-CoO heterostructures afford rich multi-integrated active sites and excellent charge transfer, thereby effectively promoting both HER and OER activities. The material requires overpotentials of 107.3 and 137.7 mV for HER and 277.7 and 260 mV for OER to reach an output of 10 mA cm-1 in freshwater and mimic seawater, respectively, surpassing earlier reported catalysts. Compared to a benchmark a Pt/C//RuO2 -based two-electrode electrolyzer, a device derived from the 1D-Cu@Co-CoO/Rh on copper foam delivers comparable cell voltages of 1.62, 1.60, and 1.70 V at 10 mA cm-2 in freshwater, mimic seawater, and natural seawater, respectively, together with robust stability. These results evidence that 1D-Cu@Co-CoO/Rh is a promising catalyst for green hydrogen generation via freshwater and seawater electrolysis applications.
Advanced Functional Materials, 2020
The necessity for better water splitting requires speedy development of efficient catalysts with ... more The necessity for better water splitting requires speedy development of efficient catalysts with high activity, long-term stability, and cost effectiveness. In this work, a bifunctional catalyst originating from the interfacial assembly of a thin Mo,P-codoped Co layer (≈50 nm) shelled Co nanowire (Co-Mo-P/CoNWs) network is fabricated via a facile approach. The catalyst exhibits low overpotentials of 0.08 and 0.27 V to reach a current response of 20 mA cm −2 for the hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction, respectively, together with long-term stability in 1.0 m KOH medium. The outstanding performance is further demonstrated by a Co-Mo-P/CoNWs-based electrolyzer, which enables a cell voltage of only 1.495 V to reach 10 mA cm −2 , superior to one derived from commercial (Pt/C + RuO 2 /C) as well as to various reports recently published elsewhere. It is recognized that the formation of multiactive centers together with the increased active site number caused by Mo and P dual doping synergistically promote both hydrogen and oxygen evolution performance. Such a hybrid material opens a new approach for developing efficient and cost-effective catalysts for water splitting application.
Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2014
Background:G1691A mutation of F5 gene is a risk factor of thrombosis and endothelial dysfunction ... more Background:G1691A mutation of F5 gene is a risk factor of thrombosis and endothelial dysfunction causing preeclampsia (PE). This study aimed to (1) determine the rate of 1691GG, 1691GA and 1691AA genotypes of F5 gene in preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women, and (2) survey the association between G1691A mutation of F5 gene and preeclampsia. Patients and methods: 73 preeclamptic pregnant women and 292 normotensive pregnant women were determined G1691A genotypes of F5 gene by PCR-RFLP in with DNA samples extracted from peripheral blood lymphocytes. Results:100% normotensive pregnant women were 1691GG genotype. In the group of preeclamptic pregnant women, the rate of 1691GA genotype and 1691GG were 4.1% and 95.9%, respectively. G1691A mutation was a risk factor of preeclampsia, with OR = 29.04, 95%CI = 1.48-558.72. The rate of G1691A mutation carriers in mild PE group was 0%, in severe PE was 7.7% and in eclampsia was 100%. Conclusion:There was the association between G1691A mut...
Statistical Journal of the IAOS, 2018
Data aggregation often occurs due to data collection methods or confidentiality laws imposed by g... more Data aggregation often occurs due to data collection methods or confidentiality laws imposed by government and institutional organisations. This kind of practice is carried out to ensure that an individual's privacy is protected but it results in selective information being distributed. In this case, the availability of only aggregate data makes it difficult to draw conclusions about the association between categorical variables. This issue lies at the heart of Ecological Inference (EI) and is of growing concern for data analysts, especially for those dealing with the aggregate analysis of a single, or multiple, 2 × 2 contingency tables. Currently, there are a number of EI approaches that are available and provide the analyst with tools to analyse aggregated data but their success has been mixed due to the variety of assumptions that are made about the individual level data, or the models that are developed to analyse them. As an alternative to ecological inference, one may consider the Aggregate Association Index (AAI). This index gives the analyst an indication of the likely association structure between two categorical variables of a single 2 × 2 contingency table when the individual level, or joint frequency/proportion, data is unknown. To date, the AAI has been developed for the analysis of a single 2 × 2 table. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to extend the application of the AAI to the case where aggregated data from multiple 2 × 2 tables (i.e. stratified 2 × 2 tables) require analysis. To illustrate this new extension of the AAI, New Zealand voting data in 1893 is studied with the focus on gender. This data comprises of fifty-five electorates where the data available consists of the marginal information of a 2 × 2 table. The importance of this New Zealand voting data is that it was in this 1893 election where gender equality in voting at a national level was recognised for the first time in the world.
Journal of reconstructive microsurgery, Jan 26, 2018
Dendritic cells (DCs) are bone marrow-derived, professional antigen-presenting cells with tolero... more Dendritic cells (DCs) are bone marrow-derived, professional antigen-presenting cells with tolerogenic function. The ability of DCs to regulate alloantigen-specific T cell responses and to promote tolerance has aligned them ideally for a role in vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA). In this study, we summarize the current evidence for DC therapies for tolerance induction to alleviate the requirement for chronic immunosuppression. A comprehensive and structured review of manuscripts published on VCA was performed using the MEDLINE and PubMed databases. All eligible studies published from the year 2000 to 2017 were included in the final results. Nineteen original preclinical and clinical studies that employed cell therapy for VCA were included in this review. In vivo DC therapy was found to direct the alloimmune response toward either transplant rejection or tolerance in VCA models. While injection of mature DCs rapidly increases T-cell activity in humans and promotes tr...
Glycobiology, Nov 6, 2018
Mucin-type O-glycosylation is an evolutionarily conserved and essential post-translational protei... more Mucin-type O-glycosylation is an evolutionarily conserved and essential post-translational protein modification that is initiated in the Golgi apparatus by a family of enzymes known as the UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts). GalNAc-Ts are type II membrane proteins which contain short N-terminal tails located in the cytoplasm, a transmembrane domain that crosses the Golgi membrane, to which is connected a stem region that tethers the C-terminal catalytic and lectin domains that reside in the Golgi lumen. Although mucin-type O-glycans have been shown to play critical roles in numerous biological processes, little is known about how the GalNAc-Ts are targeted to their site of action within the Golgi complex. Here, we investigate the essential protein domains required for Golgi localization of four representative members of the GalNAc-T family of enzymes. We find that GalNAc-T1 and -T2 require their cytoplasmic tail and transmembrane domains for proper...
Nature communications, Aug 29, 2018
Regulated secretion is an essential process where molecules destined for export are directed to m... more Regulated secretion is an essential process where molecules destined for export are directed to membranous secretory granules, where they undergo packaging and maturation. Here, we identify a gene (pgant9) that influences the structure and shape of secretory granules within the Drosophila salivary gland. Loss of pgant9, which encodes an O-glycosyltransferase, results in secretory granules with an irregular, shard-like morphology, and altered glycosylation of cargo. Interestingly, pgant9 undergoes a splicing event that acts as a molecular switch to alter the charge of a loop controlling access to the active site of the enzyme. The splice variant with the negatively charged loop glycosylates the positively charged secretory cargo and rescues secretory granule morphology. Our study highlights a mechanism for dictating substrate specificity within the O-glycosyltransferase enzyme family. Moreover, our in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that the glycosylation status of secretory cargo ...
The Journal of cell biology, Jul 3, 2017
Membrane remodeling plays a fundamental role during a variety of biological events. However, the ... more Membrane remodeling plays a fundamental role during a variety of biological events. However, the dynamics and the molecular mechanisms regulating this process within cells in mammalian tissues in situ remain largely unknown. In this study, we use intravital subcellular microscopy in live mice to study the role of the actomyosin cytoskeleton in driving the remodeling of membranes of large secretory granules, which are integrated into the plasma membrane during regulated exocytosis. We show that two isoforms of nonmuscle myosin II, NMIIA and NMIIB, control distinct steps of the integration process. Furthermore, we find that F-actin is not essential for the recruitment of NMII to the secretory granules but plays a key role in the assembly and activation of NMII into contractile filaments. Our data support a dual role for the actomyosin cytoskeleton in providing the mechanical forces required to remodel the lipid bilayer and serving as a scaffold to recruit key regulatory molecules.
PloS one, 2017
Mucin-type O-glycosylation is initiated by the UDP-GalNAc polypeptide:N-acetylgalactosaminyltrans... more Mucin-type O-glycosylation is initiated by the UDP-GalNAc polypeptide:N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GalNAc-T) family of enzymes. Their activity results in the GalNAc α1-O-Thr/Ser structure, termed the Tn antigen, which is further decorated with additional sugars. In neoplastic cells, the Tn antigen is often overexpressed. Because O-glycosylation is controlled by the activity of GalNAc-Ts, their regulation is of great interest. Previous reports suggest that growth factors, EGF or PDGF, induce Golgi complex-to-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) relocation of both GalNAc-Ts and Tn antigen in HeLa cells, offering a mechanism for Tn antigen overexpression termed "GALA". However, we were unable to reproduce these findings. Upon treatment of HeLa cells with either EGF or PDGF we observed no change in the co-localization of endogenous GalNAc-T1, GalNAc-T2 or Tn antigen with the Golgi complex marker TGN46. There was also no enhancement of localization with the ER marker calnexin. We c...
Journal of cell science, Apr 16, 2017
Real-time imaging of regulated exocytosis in secreting organs can provide unprecedented temporal ... more Real-time imaging of regulated exocytosis in secreting organs can provide unprecedented temporal and spatial detail. Here, we highlight recent advances in 3D time-lapse imaging in Drosophila salivary glands at single-granule resolution. Using fluorescently labeled proteins expressed in the fly, it is now possible to image the dynamics of vesicle biogenesis and the cytoskeletal factors involved in secretion. 3D imaging over time allows one to visualize and define the temporal sequence of events, including clearance of cortical actin, fusion pore formation, mixing of the vesicular and plasma membranes and recruitment of components of the cytoskeleton. We will also discuss the genetic tools available in the fly that allow one to interrogate the essential factors involved in secretory vesicle formation, cargo secretion and the ultimate integration of the vesicular and plasma membranes. We argue that the combination of high-resolution real-time imaging and powerful genetics provides a pl...
Nature communications, Jan 7, 2015
The actin cytoskeleton plays crucial roles in many cellular processes, including regulated secret... more The actin cytoskeleton plays crucial roles in many cellular processes, including regulated secretion. However, the mechanisms controlling F-actin dynamics in this process are largely unknown. Through 3D time-lapse imaging in a secreting organ, we show that F-actin is actively disassembled along the apical plasma membrane at the site of secretory vesicle fusion and re-assembled directionally on vesicle membranes. Moreover, we show that fusion pore formation and PIP2 redistribution precedes actin and myosin recruitment to secretory vesicle membranes. Finally, we show essential roles for the branched actin nucleators Arp2/3- and WASp in the process of secretory cargo expulsion and integration of vesicular membranes with the apical plasma membrane. Our results highlight previously unknown roles for branched actin in exocytosis and provide a genetically tractable system to image the temporal and spatial dynamics of polarized secretion in vivo.
Proceeding of the 11th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation, 2014
In this paper we present a video-based traffic surveillance system which analyzes the video foota... more In this paper we present a video-based traffic surveillance system which analyzes the video footage and uses the trajectories of the vehicles to detect any anomalous vehicle behavior at a traffic intersection. The trajectory analysis is done using support vector machines (SVMs). We also discuss the trajectory representation and trajectory filtering methods for increasing the accuracy of detection. To validate the proposed algorithms, we use data collected from a small scale testbed, which allows us to generate various training and testing data. This capability makes it possible to study how the different levels of variation in the training data impact the performance of the SVM classification.
Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization, 2014
Recently, the Aggregate Association Index (AAI) was proposed to identify the likely association s... more Recently, the Aggregate Association Index (AAI) was proposed to identify the likely association structure between two dichotomous variables of a 2×2 contingency table when only aggregate, or equivalently the marginal, data are available. In this paper we shall explore the utility of the AAI and its features for analysing gendered New Zealand voting data in 11 national elections held between 1893 and 1919. We shall demonstrate that, by using these features, one can identify clusters of homogeneous electorates that share similar voting behaviour between the male and female voters. We shall also use these features to compare the association between gender and voting behaviour across each of the 11 elections.
Structural Health Monitoring 2017, 2017
Recently, a new index was proposed that identifies how likely two dichotomous variables may be as... more Recently, a new index was proposed that identifies how likely two dichotomous variables may be associated, given only the aggregate, or marginal, information. Such an index is referred to as the aggregate association index, or the AAI. In this presentation we shall consider some extensions of the AAI that demonstrates its methodological and practical links with other simple, but popular, measures of association for 2x2 tables.
La fabrication des equipements sous pression (ESP) en materiaux composites a matrice thermoplasti... more La fabrication des equipements sous pression (ESP) en materiaux composites a matrice thermoplastique par enroulement filamentaire avec systeme de chauffage laser a ete developpee par le CETIM pour proposer aux industriels des produits a grande cadence de fabrication avec des reductions de cout associees. Cet article porte sur les methodes de calcul de l’ESP. Differents modeles sont consideres, fondes sur differentes hypotheses afin de bien comprendre le role des parametres de conception (geometrie, orientation, ...). Les ESP peuvent etre decomposes en deux zones utiles (la virole et le dome) et une hypothese d’axisymetrie (geometrie, chargement et materiau) peut etre introduite. Les choix de modelisation dependent du rapport entre l’epaisseur et le rayon (e/R). Au niveau de la virole, si ce rapport est petit (e/R>=0.1), on peut utiliser un modele de plaque. Si on elimine en plus la zone d’interaction avec le dome, on obtient un modele de membrane en traction biaxiale. Par contre,...
Acoustic emission (AE) based structural health monitoring relies on detection and analysis of str... more Acoustic emission (AE) based structural health monitoring relies on detection and analysis of stress waves released by damage growth. The features of AE waveforms such as amplitude, frequency, energy, and rise time could be used characterize the relationship between acoustic emission signals received at a particular instant and the nature of damage growth, and several studies have examined such relationships. Acoustic emission generated by fatigue cracks propagate as a combination of a number of Lamb wave modes in plates, and hence by identifying the modal components it is potentially possible to learn about the conditions under which the crack is propagating. This paper examines the modal features of the acoustic emission signals generated at different stages of fatigue crack growth. A key requirement for this analysis is high fidelity required from the sensor recording AE signals, so that the different modes can be identified. Fatigue crack in a 6061 aluminum plate was monitored u...
Small, 2021
Atomic metal-modulated heterostructures have been evidenced as an exciting solution to develop hi... more Atomic metal-modulated heterostructures have been evidenced as an exciting solution to develop high-performance multifunctional electrocatalyst toward water splitting. In this research, a catalyst of continuous cobalt-cobalt oxide (Co-CoO) lateral heterostructures implanted with well-dispersed rhodium (Rh) atoms and shelled over conductive porous 1D copper (Cu) nano-supports for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in both freshwater and seawater under alkaline condition is proposed. It is found that synergistic effects coming from uniform Rh atoms at doping level and Co-CoO heterostructures afford rich multi-integrated active sites and excellent charge transfer, thereby effectively promoting both HER and OER activities. The material requires overpotentials of 107.3 and 137.7 mV for HER and 277.7 and 260 mV for OER to reach an output of 10 mA cm-1 in freshwater and mimic seawater, respectively, surpassing earlier reported catalysts. Compared to a benchmark a Pt/C//RuO2 -based two-electrode electrolyzer, a device derived from the 1D-Cu@Co-CoO/Rh on copper foam delivers comparable cell voltages of 1.62, 1.60, and 1.70 V at 10 mA cm-2 in freshwater, mimic seawater, and natural seawater, respectively, together with robust stability. These results evidence that 1D-Cu@Co-CoO/Rh is a promising catalyst for green hydrogen generation via freshwater and seawater electrolysis applications.
Advanced Functional Materials, 2020
The necessity for better water splitting requires speedy development of efficient catalysts with ... more The necessity for better water splitting requires speedy development of efficient catalysts with high activity, long-term stability, and cost effectiveness. In this work, a bifunctional catalyst originating from the interfacial assembly of a thin Mo,P-codoped Co layer (≈50 nm) shelled Co nanowire (Co-Mo-P/CoNWs) network is fabricated via a facile approach. The catalyst exhibits low overpotentials of 0.08 and 0.27 V to reach a current response of 20 mA cm −2 for the hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction, respectively, together with long-term stability in 1.0 m KOH medium. The outstanding performance is further demonstrated by a Co-Mo-P/CoNWs-based electrolyzer, which enables a cell voltage of only 1.495 V to reach 10 mA cm −2 , superior to one derived from commercial (Pt/C + RuO 2 /C) as well as to various reports recently published elsewhere. It is recognized that the formation of multiactive centers together with the increased active site number caused by Mo and P dual doping synergistically promote both hydrogen and oxygen evolution performance. Such a hybrid material opens a new approach for developing efficient and cost-effective catalysts for water splitting application.
Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2014
Background:G1691A mutation of F5 gene is a risk factor of thrombosis and endothelial dysfunction ... more Background:G1691A mutation of F5 gene is a risk factor of thrombosis and endothelial dysfunction causing preeclampsia (PE). This study aimed to (1) determine the rate of 1691GG, 1691GA and 1691AA genotypes of F5 gene in preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women, and (2) survey the association between G1691A mutation of F5 gene and preeclampsia. Patients and methods: 73 preeclamptic pregnant women and 292 normotensive pregnant women were determined G1691A genotypes of F5 gene by PCR-RFLP in with DNA samples extracted from peripheral blood lymphocytes. Results:100% normotensive pregnant women were 1691GG genotype. In the group of preeclamptic pregnant women, the rate of 1691GA genotype and 1691GG were 4.1% and 95.9%, respectively. G1691A mutation was a risk factor of preeclampsia, with OR = 29.04, 95%CI = 1.48-558.72. The rate of G1691A mutation carriers in mild PE group was 0%, in severe PE was 7.7% and in eclampsia was 100%. Conclusion:There was the association between G1691A mut...
Statistical Journal of the IAOS, 2018
Data aggregation often occurs due to data collection methods or confidentiality laws imposed by g... more Data aggregation often occurs due to data collection methods or confidentiality laws imposed by government and institutional organisations. This kind of practice is carried out to ensure that an individual's privacy is protected but it results in selective information being distributed. In this case, the availability of only aggregate data makes it difficult to draw conclusions about the association between categorical variables. This issue lies at the heart of Ecological Inference (EI) and is of growing concern for data analysts, especially for those dealing with the aggregate analysis of a single, or multiple, 2 × 2 contingency tables. Currently, there are a number of EI approaches that are available and provide the analyst with tools to analyse aggregated data but their success has been mixed due to the variety of assumptions that are made about the individual level data, or the models that are developed to analyse them. As an alternative to ecological inference, one may consider the Aggregate Association Index (AAI). This index gives the analyst an indication of the likely association structure between two categorical variables of a single 2 × 2 contingency table when the individual level, or joint frequency/proportion, data is unknown. To date, the AAI has been developed for the analysis of a single 2 × 2 table. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to extend the application of the AAI to the case where aggregated data from multiple 2 × 2 tables (i.e. stratified 2 × 2 tables) require analysis. To illustrate this new extension of the AAI, New Zealand voting data in 1893 is studied with the focus on gender. This data comprises of fifty-five electorates where the data available consists of the marginal information of a 2 × 2 table. The importance of this New Zealand voting data is that it was in this 1893 election where gender equality in voting at a national level was recognised for the first time in the world.
Journal of reconstructive microsurgery, Jan 26, 2018
Dendritic cells (DCs) are bone marrow-derived, professional antigen-presenting cells with tolero... more Dendritic cells (DCs) are bone marrow-derived, professional antigen-presenting cells with tolerogenic function. The ability of DCs to regulate alloantigen-specific T cell responses and to promote tolerance has aligned them ideally for a role in vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA). In this study, we summarize the current evidence for DC therapies for tolerance induction to alleviate the requirement for chronic immunosuppression. A comprehensive and structured review of manuscripts published on VCA was performed using the MEDLINE and PubMed databases. All eligible studies published from the year 2000 to 2017 were included in the final results. Nineteen original preclinical and clinical studies that employed cell therapy for VCA were included in this review. In vivo DC therapy was found to direct the alloimmune response toward either transplant rejection or tolerance in VCA models. While injection of mature DCs rapidly increases T-cell activity in humans and promotes tr...
Glycobiology, Nov 6, 2018
Mucin-type O-glycosylation is an evolutionarily conserved and essential post-translational protei... more Mucin-type O-glycosylation is an evolutionarily conserved and essential post-translational protein modification that is initiated in the Golgi apparatus by a family of enzymes known as the UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts). GalNAc-Ts are type II membrane proteins which contain short N-terminal tails located in the cytoplasm, a transmembrane domain that crosses the Golgi membrane, to which is connected a stem region that tethers the C-terminal catalytic and lectin domains that reside in the Golgi lumen. Although mucin-type O-glycans have been shown to play critical roles in numerous biological processes, little is known about how the GalNAc-Ts are targeted to their site of action within the Golgi complex. Here, we investigate the essential protein domains required for Golgi localization of four representative members of the GalNAc-T family of enzymes. We find that GalNAc-T1 and -T2 require their cytoplasmic tail and transmembrane domains for proper...
Nature communications, Aug 29, 2018
Regulated secretion is an essential process where molecules destined for export are directed to m... more Regulated secretion is an essential process where molecules destined for export are directed to membranous secretory granules, where they undergo packaging and maturation. Here, we identify a gene (pgant9) that influences the structure and shape of secretory granules within the Drosophila salivary gland. Loss of pgant9, which encodes an O-glycosyltransferase, results in secretory granules with an irregular, shard-like morphology, and altered glycosylation of cargo. Interestingly, pgant9 undergoes a splicing event that acts as a molecular switch to alter the charge of a loop controlling access to the active site of the enzyme. The splice variant with the negatively charged loop glycosylates the positively charged secretory cargo and rescues secretory granule morphology. Our study highlights a mechanism for dictating substrate specificity within the O-glycosyltransferase enzyme family. Moreover, our in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that the glycosylation status of secretory cargo ...
The Journal of cell biology, Jul 3, 2017
Membrane remodeling plays a fundamental role during a variety of biological events. However, the ... more Membrane remodeling plays a fundamental role during a variety of biological events. However, the dynamics and the molecular mechanisms regulating this process within cells in mammalian tissues in situ remain largely unknown. In this study, we use intravital subcellular microscopy in live mice to study the role of the actomyosin cytoskeleton in driving the remodeling of membranes of large secretory granules, which are integrated into the plasma membrane during regulated exocytosis. We show that two isoforms of nonmuscle myosin II, NMIIA and NMIIB, control distinct steps of the integration process. Furthermore, we find that F-actin is not essential for the recruitment of NMII to the secretory granules but plays a key role in the assembly and activation of NMII into contractile filaments. Our data support a dual role for the actomyosin cytoskeleton in providing the mechanical forces required to remodel the lipid bilayer and serving as a scaffold to recruit key regulatory molecules.
PloS one, 2017
Mucin-type O-glycosylation is initiated by the UDP-GalNAc polypeptide:N-acetylgalactosaminyltrans... more Mucin-type O-glycosylation is initiated by the UDP-GalNAc polypeptide:N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GalNAc-T) family of enzymes. Their activity results in the GalNAc α1-O-Thr/Ser structure, termed the Tn antigen, which is further decorated with additional sugars. In neoplastic cells, the Tn antigen is often overexpressed. Because O-glycosylation is controlled by the activity of GalNAc-Ts, their regulation is of great interest. Previous reports suggest that growth factors, EGF or PDGF, induce Golgi complex-to-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) relocation of both GalNAc-Ts and Tn antigen in HeLa cells, offering a mechanism for Tn antigen overexpression termed "GALA". However, we were unable to reproduce these findings. Upon treatment of HeLa cells with either EGF or PDGF we observed no change in the co-localization of endogenous GalNAc-T1, GalNAc-T2 or Tn antigen with the Golgi complex marker TGN46. There was also no enhancement of localization with the ER marker calnexin. We c...
Journal of cell science, Apr 16, 2017
Real-time imaging of regulated exocytosis in secreting organs can provide unprecedented temporal ... more Real-time imaging of regulated exocytosis in secreting organs can provide unprecedented temporal and spatial detail. Here, we highlight recent advances in 3D time-lapse imaging in Drosophila salivary glands at single-granule resolution. Using fluorescently labeled proteins expressed in the fly, it is now possible to image the dynamics of vesicle biogenesis and the cytoskeletal factors involved in secretion. 3D imaging over time allows one to visualize and define the temporal sequence of events, including clearance of cortical actin, fusion pore formation, mixing of the vesicular and plasma membranes and recruitment of components of the cytoskeleton. We will also discuss the genetic tools available in the fly that allow one to interrogate the essential factors involved in secretory vesicle formation, cargo secretion and the ultimate integration of the vesicular and plasma membranes. We argue that the combination of high-resolution real-time imaging and powerful genetics provides a pl...
Nature communications, Jan 7, 2015
The actin cytoskeleton plays crucial roles in many cellular processes, including regulated secret... more The actin cytoskeleton plays crucial roles in many cellular processes, including regulated secretion. However, the mechanisms controlling F-actin dynamics in this process are largely unknown. Through 3D time-lapse imaging in a secreting organ, we show that F-actin is actively disassembled along the apical plasma membrane at the site of secretory vesicle fusion and re-assembled directionally on vesicle membranes. Moreover, we show that fusion pore formation and PIP2 redistribution precedes actin and myosin recruitment to secretory vesicle membranes. Finally, we show essential roles for the branched actin nucleators Arp2/3- and WASp in the process of secretory cargo expulsion and integration of vesicular membranes with the apical plasma membrane. Our results highlight previously unknown roles for branched actin in exocytosis and provide a genetically tractable system to image the temporal and spatial dynamics of polarized secretion in vivo.
Proceeding of the 11th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation, 2014
In this paper we present a video-based traffic surveillance system which analyzes the video foota... more In this paper we present a video-based traffic surveillance system which analyzes the video footage and uses the trajectories of the vehicles to detect any anomalous vehicle behavior at a traffic intersection. The trajectory analysis is done using support vector machines (SVMs). We also discuss the trajectory representation and trajectory filtering methods for increasing the accuracy of detection. To validate the proposed algorithms, we use data collected from a small scale testbed, which allows us to generate various training and testing data. This capability makes it possible to study how the different levels of variation in the training data impact the performance of the SVM classification.
Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization, 2014
Recently, the Aggregate Association Index (AAI) was proposed to identify the likely association s... more Recently, the Aggregate Association Index (AAI) was proposed to identify the likely association structure between two dichotomous variables of a 2×2 contingency table when only aggregate, or equivalently the marginal, data are available. In this paper we shall explore the utility of the AAI and its features for analysing gendered New Zealand voting data in 11 national elections held between 1893 and 1919. We shall demonstrate that, by using these features, one can identify clusters of homogeneous electorates that share similar voting behaviour between the male and female voters. We shall also use these features to compare the association between gender and voting behaviour across each of the 11 elections.