Dzarma Sayd - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Dzarma Sayd
The global environmental change phenomenon is becoming more glaring, but there is no clear distin... more The global environmental change phenomenon is becoming more glaring, but there is no clear distinction between the roles played by climatic and anthropogenic factors. Most river catchments in different parts of the world experience a multitude of environmental and water resourcemanagement problems that can be better studied at the river catchment scale. The relationship between rainfall and river discharge are so complicated, and understanding how they interact requires some local studies. This is so, because factors influencing hydrological processes on the earth surface not only vary from time to time, but also over space. As rain falls on the ground it flows through several ways to reach to stream channels, (Suleiman, 2014). The proportion of rainfall that does not evaporate or percolate into the ground flows over the soil surface as surface runoff, whilst the remainder infiltrates through the soil and flows beneath the surface to a stream as sub-surface flow (Nicandrou, 2010). T...
Jalingo Journal of Social and Management Sciences, 2020
Recent changes in the channel planform of the Mubi section of River Yedzeram were examined using ... more Recent changes in the channel planform of the Mubi section of River Yedzeram were examined using field studies and Geographical Information System Analysis. Changes resulting from channel widening, incision, meandering and lateral migration processes in the channel section were examined over a period of 13 years (2006 to 2019). Impacts of the occurring changes on riparian land uses were also assessed. Results showed an average channel widening of 8.48m; meandering (sinuosity) range of 1.51 to 1.58; meander bend lateral migration rates of 32.38m at 5.40m/year (from 2006 to 2012) and 27.80m at 3.97m/year (from 2012 to 2019). A short term (2016 to 2019) channel incision rate of 0.32m/year was also observed within the embanked section of the channel. Major affected land uses were irrigation farmlands and residential structures. Riparian buffer zones mapping and restriction policies against encroachment within the zones were recommended.
Jordan Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences (JJEES), 2020
Rivers constitute the most important natural water reservoirs from which man derives maximum bene... more Rivers constitute the most important natural water reservoirs from which man derives maximum benefits for economic development. It is therefore not surprising to find most ancient civilizations in the world located around major rivers like the Euphrates, the Tigris and the Nile. This study was undertaken to find out the trends and variability of rainfall and discharge at the River Kilange catchment in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Rainfall and discharge time series data with 27 years observations (1987 to 2013) have been analyzed using the Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation. It was found that mean monthly rainfall and discharge were moderately and positively correlated (r = 0.534, P=0.001). Graphical representation of the data in the study area, however, shows a decreasing trend in the annual mean rainfall, but an increasing trend in the river discharge. Improper land management may have been responsible for the strange phenomenon. It is therefore recommended that appropriate land-use m...
Morphometric analysis of the River Kilange catchment was carried out using Geographic Information... more Morphometric analysis of the River Kilange catchment was carried out using Geographic Information System (GIS) technique. Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data at 30m resolution were used for preparing Digital Elevation Model –DEM in ArcGIS 10.0 software. The map of the study area was projected to Universal Transverse Mercator-UTM to enable the processing of basic drainage parameters like stream length, drainage area and perimeter in the attribute tables. The River Kilange catchment is a seventh order catchment with a dendritic drainage pattern. The total number of streams of all orders is (3273) with the first order streams constituting up to 76.26%. Total length of streams of all orders in the study catchment was calculated as (4864.16) kilometres. The overland flow of the River Kilange catchment is (0.52 km), which is high indicating gentle slopes, long flow paths, more infiltration and reduced runoff. The drainage density of the Kilange catchment is (0.97 km/km2). This lo...
Jordan Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2020
Rivers constitute the most important natural water reservoirs from which man derives maximum bene... more Rivers constitute the most important natural water reservoirs from which man derives maximum benefits for economic development. It is therefore not surprising to find most ancient civilizations in the world located around major rivers like the Euphrates, the Tigris and the Nile. This study was undertaken to find out the trends and variability of rainfall and discharge at the River Kilange catchment in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Rainfall and discharge time series data with 27 years observations (1987 to 2013) have been analyzed using the Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation. It was found that mean monthly rainfall and discharge were moderately and positively correlated (r = 0.534, P=0.001). Graphical representation of the data in the study area, however, shows a decreasing trend in the annual mean rainfall, but an increasing trend in the river discharge. Improper land management may have been responsible for the strange phenomenon. It is therefore recommended that appropriate land-use management strategies be put in place to curtail further environmental degradation in the River Kilange catchment.
International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 2021
Stream channels and flow regimes in the River Kilange catchment reflect a pattern of both natural... more Stream channels and flow regimes in the River Kilange catchment reflect a pattern of both natural and anthropogenic disturbances in the riparian corridors. This study examined the channel morphology and stream flow characteristics in three landuse (Urban, Agriculture and Abandoned Agriculture) settings in the River Kilange catchment. Stream channel geometric properties were measured and the derived values used to evaluate the channel parameters were determined through ancillary data and field observation. Channel morphology adjustments and variations in stream flow characteristics were related to the different landuses at riparian level. Metrics for channel morphology and flow characteristics were quantified in 18 sampling units. Pearsons' correlation analysis was applied to determine association between landuse and channel morphology. Students' T-test was used to compare estimated bankfull discharge in the abandoned agriculture landuse category and that of the urban landuse setting. Results revealed both channel widening, increase in wetted-perimeter and bankfull discharge in urban channels. The means of discharge for abandoned-agriculture and urban landuse categories were not equal, signifying increased discharge with increase in human activities. Bivariate linear regression relationship between channel depth and discharge was significant (r =.701, p = 0.035). The result further explained that 42% of the variation of discharge emanated from changes in channel depth. Regressing Cross-sectional area with bankfull discharge also yielded significant relationship (r = .835, p = 0.005), where the regression model explained 65% of the variation. The findings reveal that the identified landuse practices influence stream channel and flow adjustments. Changes in the channel morphology accelerate the river flow process culminating into lateral erosion, flooding and reduction in groundwater recharge. These environmental challenges, if left unchecked could result to land and water resources problems in the area. Therefore, the establishment of forest buffer zone along riparian corridors in the River Kilange catchment is recommended.
The global environmental change phenomenon is becoming more glaring, but there is no clear distin... more The global environmental change phenomenon is becoming more glaring, but there is no clear distinction between the roles played by climatic and anthropogenic factors. Most river catchments in different parts of the world experience a multitude of environmental and water resourcemanagement problems that can be better studied at the river catchment scale. The relationship between rainfall and river discharge are so complicated, and understanding how they interact requires some local studies. This is so, because factors influencing hydrological processes on the earth surface not only vary from time to time, but also over space. As rain falls on the ground it flows through several ways to reach to stream channels, (Suleiman, 2014). The proportion of rainfall that does not evaporate or percolate into the ground flows over the soil surface as surface runoff, whilst the remainder infiltrates through the soil and flows beneath the surface to a stream as sub-surface flow (Nicandrou, 2010). T...
Jalingo Journal of Social and Management Sciences, 2020
Recent changes in the channel planform of the Mubi section of River Yedzeram were examined using ... more Recent changes in the channel planform of the Mubi section of River Yedzeram were examined using field studies and Geographical Information System Analysis. Changes resulting from channel widening, incision, meandering and lateral migration processes in the channel section were examined over a period of 13 years (2006 to 2019). Impacts of the occurring changes on riparian land uses were also assessed. Results showed an average channel widening of 8.48m; meandering (sinuosity) range of 1.51 to 1.58; meander bend lateral migration rates of 32.38m at 5.40m/year (from 2006 to 2012) and 27.80m at 3.97m/year (from 2012 to 2019). A short term (2016 to 2019) channel incision rate of 0.32m/year was also observed within the embanked section of the channel. Major affected land uses were irrigation farmlands and residential structures. Riparian buffer zones mapping and restriction policies against encroachment within the zones were recommended.
Jordan Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences (JJEES), 2020
Rivers constitute the most important natural water reservoirs from which man derives maximum bene... more Rivers constitute the most important natural water reservoirs from which man derives maximum benefits for economic development. It is therefore not surprising to find most ancient civilizations in the world located around major rivers like the Euphrates, the Tigris and the Nile. This study was undertaken to find out the trends and variability of rainfall and discharge at the River Kilange catchment in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Rainfall and discharge time series data with 27 years observations (1987 to 2013) have been analyzed using the Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation. It was found that mean monthly rainfall and discharge were moderately and positively correlated (r = 0.534, P=0.001). Graphical representation of the data in the study area, however, shows a decreasing trend in the annual mean rainfall, but an increasing trend in the river discharge. Improper land management may have been responsible for the strange phenomenon. It is therefore recommended that appropriate land-use m...
Morphometric analysis of the River Kilange catchment was carried out using Geographic Information... more Morphometric analysis of the River Kilange catchment was carried out using Geographic Information System (GIS) technique. Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data at 30m resolution were used for preparing Digital Elevation Model –DEM in ArcGIS 10.0 software. The map of the study area was projected to Universal Transverse Mercator-UTM to enable the processing of basic drainage parameters like stream length, drainage area and perimeter in the attribute tables. The River Kilange catchment is a seventh order catchment with a dendritic drainage pattern. The total number of streams of all orders is (3273) with the first order streams constituting up to 76.26%. Total length of streams of all orders in the study catchment was calculated as (4864.16) kilometres. The overland flow of the River Kilange catchment is (0.52 km), which is high indicating gentle slopes, long flow paths, more infiltration and reduced runoff. The drainage density of the Kilange catchment is (0.97 km/km2). This lo...
Jordan Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2020
Rivers constitute the most important natural water reservoirs from which man derives maximum bene... more Rivers constitute the most important natural water reservoirs from which man derives maximum benefits for economic development. It is therefore not surprising to find most ancient civilizations in the world located around major rivers like the Euphrates, the Tigris and the Nile. This study was undertaken to find out the trends and variability of rainfall and discharge at the River Kilange catchment in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Rainfall and discharge time series data with 27 years observations (1987 to 2013) have been analyzed using the Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation. It was found that mean monthly rainfall and discharge were moderately and positively correlated (r = 0.534, P=0.001). Graphical representation of the data in the study area, however, shows a decreasing trend in the annual mean rainfall, but an increasing trend in the river discharge. Improper land management may have been responsible for the strange phenomenon. It is therefore recommended that appropriate land-use management strategies be put in place to curtail further environmental degradation in the River Kilange catchment.
International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 2021
Stream channels and flow regimes in the River Kilange catchment reflect a pattern of both natural... more Stream channels and flow regimes in the River Kilange catchment reflect a pattern of both natural and anthropogenic disturbances in the riparian corridors. This study examined the channel morphology and stream flow characteristics in three landuse (Urban, Agriculture and Abandoned Agriculture) settings in the River Kilange catchment. Stream channel geometric properties were measured and the derived values used to evaluate the channel parameters were determined through ancillary data and field observation. Channel morphology adjustments and variations in stream flow characteristics were related to the different landuses at riparian level. Metrics for channel morphology and flow characteristics were quantified in 18 sampling units. Pearsons' correlation analysis was applied to determine association between landuse and channel morphology. Students' T-test was used to compare estimated bankfull discharge in the abandoned agriculture landuse category and that of the urban landuse setting. Results revealed both channel widening, increase in wetted-perimeter and bankfull discharge in urban channels. The means of discharge for abandoned-agriculture and urban landuse categories were not equal, signifying increased discharge with increase in human activities. Bivariate linear regression relationship between channel depth and discharge was significant (r =.701, p = 0.035). The result further explained that 42% of the variation of discharge emanated from changes in channel depth. Regressing Cross-sectional area with bankfull discharge also yielded significant relationship (r = .835, p = 0.005), where the regression model explained 65% of the variation. The findings reveal that the identified landuse practices influence stream channel and flow adjustments. Changes in the channel morphology accelerate the river flow process culminating into lateral erosion, flooding and reduction in groundwater recharge. These environmental challenges, if left unchecked could result to land and water resources problems in the area. Therefore, the establishment of forest buffer zone along riparian corridors in the River Kilange catchment is recommended.