E. Auclair - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by E. Auclair
Journal of Animal Science, 2016
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Addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) to the prestarter may provide stimulation of the immune... more Addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) to the prestarter may provide stimulation of the immune system of piglets before weaning. Mechanisms of action include activation of macrophages, neutrophils, and NK cells, along with B and T lymphocytes and increased phagocytosis and cytokine production in macrophages (1). Our previous results show better ability of piglets stimulated by SC reduction of mortality in pre-weaning piglets (2). The objection of the study was assessing of the impact SC in feed to the number of ETEC strains and survival of piglets before weaning. Methods Sows from two farrowing sections at farrow to finish farm were randomly allocated into the groups giving birth concurrently, 16 sows each. There were 156 piglets live born in one group (average 9.75 per sow) and 192 in another group (average 12.00 per sow). The first group (SC group) of sows and piglets received standard feed and prestarter premix, supplemented with SC culture at 1000 ppm each (Actisaf Sc47, Lesa...
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Journal of Animal Science, 2016
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Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Esthétique
We report our experience of the use of a scalar type incision associated with a total skin graft ... more We report our experience of the use of a scalar type incision associated with a total skin graft in the treatment of recurrences of Dupuytren's contracture. This is not an original technique, but one described by Hueston in 1984, which consists of a "Fire Break" skin graft after a simple transverse incision of recurrent Dupuytren's contracture. We attribute the absence of recurrence with this graft to the impossibility of the disease to affect the thin tissue between the skin graft and the underlying tendons. Our series is composed of 25 patients, all male. The majority of these patients had undergone surgery on a single occasion before treatment of recurrences with an average time interval of seven years. In a great majority of cases the little finger was deformed and generally severely (stage III or IV). All of our patients were reviewed with a mean follow-up of 28 months after surgery, and we did not observe any recurrences under the graft. In this series, which remains too small and too recent, 67% of cases presented an acceptable result with nearly complete extension and satisfactory grasp. We do not apply this technique to the treatment of all cases of recurrent Dupuytren's contracture, but we reserve it preferentially for elderly patients, operated on several occasions for ulnar fingers especially the little finger, in digital or digito-palmar forms in which the deformity predominates on the proximal interphalangeal joint with marked digital infiltration.
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ChemInform, 1990
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Journal of AOAC International
Fourteen out of 17 laboratories completed an interlaboratory study comparing 2 pretreatment proto... more Fourteen out of 17 laboratories completed an interlaboratory study comparing 2 pretreatment protocols of feed samples containing authorized probiotic bacilli spores. Both methods used tryptone soy agar for enumeration. Pretreatment A involved preparation of a suspension of the feed sample in 50% ethanol. For pretreatment B, the sample was suspended in peptone salt solution and heated at 80 degrees C for 10 min. Each laboratory analyzed 12 samples (6 per pretreatment), which represented duplicates of a high (10(9) colony-forming units [CFU]/g) and low (10(5) CFU/g) level of bacilli spores or a blank that contained vegetative probiotic bacteria only. For pretreatment A, the repeatability relative standard deviation (RSD(r)) was 2.9% for the low level and 2.5% for the high. The reproducibility relative standard deviation (RSDR) values were 7.8 and 5.9%, respectively. Pretreatment B revealed RSD(r) values of 1.1 and 1.0%, and RSDR values of 5.8 and 3.4%, respectively. The heat treatment...
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Journal of dairy science, 2008
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the capacity of 2 dietary feed additives, sodium bi... more The objectives of this study were to evaluate the capacity of 2 dietary feed additives, sodium bicarbonate and live yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain Sc 47), in optimizing ruminal pH in dairy cows and to determine their modes of action. Three early lactating Holstein cows, fitted with ruminal cannulas, were allocated in a 3 x 3 Latin square design. They were given a total mixed ration as control diet (CD) at a daily feeding rate of 28.0 kg of dry matter (DM)/cow supplemented with 150 g/d of sodium bicarbonate (SBD) or 5 g/d of live yeast (YD) during a 21-d experimental period (14 d of diet adaptation, 4 consecutive days of measurement and sampling and 3 d of transition). The pH and redox potential (E(h)) were measured from 1 h before feeding to 8 h after feeding at 1-h intervals, and samples of ruminal fluid were taken at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after feeding for the determination of volatile fatty acids and lactate concentrations. Total tract apparent digestibility of the diet was...
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Annales de chirurgie plastique et esthétique, 2005
The authors report of their experience of mammary augmentation with anatomical implants from 10 y... more The authors report of their experience of mammary augmentation with anatomical implants from 10 years ago. The important proportion of rotation of those anatomical implants obliged them to stop the clinical serie. Sylvain Staub return to a "revisited" classical technique with round implants, smooth in a majority of cases and placed them most of the time in a retromuscular pocket. Eric Auclair, ceduced by the concept of anatomical implants, decided to continue in this direction with a personal concept of anti rotation system. He shows a strategie of mammary augmentation that favorise the premuscular position and define the respective place of round and anatomical implants.
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Annales de chirurgie plastique et esthétique, 1995
"The eyebrow fat pad" was described by Charpy in 1909 without raising the inter... more "The eyebrow fat pad" was described by Charpy in 1909 without raising the interest of plastic surgeons. Over the last 5 years, we have removed this fat in 20% of our cases of superior blepharoplasty. This technique allows a reduction of the thickness of the upper eyelid to a lesser degree than that obtained by bone remodelling. We present the operating technique illustrated by clinical examples.
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Reproduction, nutrition, development, 1985
Two homologous groups of preruminant male calves (10 control and 9 sorbitol) of the Friesian X Ho... more Two homologous groups of preruminant male calves (10 control and 9 sorbitol) of the Friesian X Holstein crossbreed were used to study the effects of sorbitol on appetite, health status and growth rate. Between 1 and 8 weeks of age they were given two milk replacers (IC and IS) that contained high levels of protein and fat (23% of DM), and then between 8 and 19 weeks two diets (FC and FS) containing lower levels of protein and fat (21% of DM). The IC and FC diets had no sorbitol, while in the IS and FS diets it accounted for 0.8% of DM. In each group 4 to 6 calves were used to measure milk digestibility at 3, 7 and 12 weeks of age. At slaughter (19 weeks), carcass quality and liver status were checked. The overall health status of the animals was satisfactory, but after accidental cold stress at week 7, the 10 calves of the control group had diarrhea for 2 to 5 days vs 4 calves in the sorbitol group. Sorbitol digestibility was about 95% at week 3 and almost 100% at weeks 7 and 12. Ap...
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Poultry Science, 2009
Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of dietary addition of yeast cell wall (Y... more Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of dietary addition of yeast cell wall (YCW); beta-1, 3/1, 6-glucan (BG); and mannoprotein complex (MP) purified fractions in broilers. In experiment 1, there was a control diet and 5 experimental diets containing, respectively: 10 mg of avilamycin (AVI)/kg of feed, 500 mg of YCW/kg of feed, 95 mg of MP/kg of feed, 145 mg of BG/kg of feed, and 95 mg of MP plus 145 mg of BG/kg of feed. All birds were vaccinated via drinking water against Newcastle disease virus at 9 d of age. At 42 d, chickens fed AVI, YCW, MP + BG, and BG diets had similar BW not significantly different from chickens fed the control diet. The antibody response of Newcastle disease virus vaccine was not affected by any experimental treatment. Broilers fed MP + BG diet had greater thymus weights (P </= 0.05), as a percentage of BW than those from the control and AVI treatments, but similar with respect to YCW and BG treatments. In experiment 2, there was a group-fed basal diet and 3 additional experimental groups receiving the basal diet supplemented with, respectively: 500 mg of YCW/kg of feed, 190 mg of MP/kg of feed, and 227 mg of BG/kg of feed. At 42 d of age, no difference in broiler growth rates was observed. Samples of the jejunum were collected at 21 d of age to determine villus height. Significantly higher villus height was observed in YCW, MP, and BG groups compared with that of the control group. The relative percentage of liver weight (P </= 0.01) was lower in broilers fed YCW than in broilers fed the control diet, but no differences were observed in respect to chickens fed BG. Data of these studies suggested that the changes in thymus and liver relative weights and villus morphology of broilers were induced with the same intensity by the use of complete YCW, MP + BG, and BG supplements.
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PLoS ONE, 2013
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Physiology & Behavior, 1991
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of oesophageal loads of glucose, medium (MCT)... more The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of oesophageal loads of glucose, medium (MCT)-and long-chain (LCT) triglycerides, plus treadmill exercise on food intake and body weight in rats. On test days, male rats were administered a gastric aqueous solution of glucose, MCT, LCT or water via an oesophageal tube. One hour later, the animals were forced to run on a treadmill for two hours at a speed of 20 m/min at 0% grade. At the beginning of the 12-hour dark cycle (at 7 p.m.) runners were returned to their cages. On control days, the same gastric loads were administered, but the animals remained in their cages. Food intake was continuously measured during both the dark and light periods. A reduction in body weight and total food intake was found after exercise. The food intake suppressing effect of exercise was seen in the first hours of the dark period. Following MCT and LCT oil stomach loads FI decrease was comparable but the latency of the effect varied. Stomach loads of MCT oil induced a reduction in FI within the 0-3 h of food availability whereas LCT oil suppressed intake during the 3-6-h dark period. This could be explained by their different metabolite fate.
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Livestock Science, 2013
ABSTRACT A study was conducted to determine the effect of live yeast supplementation of sow diets... more ABSTRACT A study was conducted to determine the effect of live yeast supplementation of sow diets on reproductive performance, immune function, milk composition of sows and performance of their progeny. A total of 47 F-1 sows (Yorkshire x Landrace) were allotted to five dietary treatments and two different levels (10(6) or 10(7) CFU/g of diet) of live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sc47) were supplemented during gestation, lactation or both. Treatments were (1) no yeast supplementation during gestation and lactation, (2) gestation-basal diet, lactation-10(6) CFU of yeast/g of diet, (3) gestation-basal diet, lactation-10(7) CFU of yeast/g of diet, (4) gestation-10(6) CFU of yeast/g of diet, lactation-10(6) CFU of yeast/g of diet, (5) gestation-10(7) CFU of yeast/g of diet, lactation-10(7) CFU of yeast/g of diet. Inclusion of live yeast in sow diets did not result in any significant difference in body weight or backfat thickness of sows at 110 d of gestation and 21 d postpartum. Additionally, reproductive performance of sows, i.e. litter size, total born alive, birth weight and weight gain of progeny, was not influenced by live yeast supplementation (P > 0.13). Dietary treatment did not affect average daily feed intake of sows during lactation. Compared with the control, weaning to estrus interval (WEI) was shortened (P < 0.01) and percentage of sows in estrus by day 7 after weaning was increased (P < 0.01) when sows were fed live yeast contained diet during lactation, regardless of yeast supplementation during gestation. There was no significant difference in milk composition during overall lactation except that IgG concentration in colostrum tended to be higher in the groups receiving live yeast supplementation (P=0.10) compared with the control group, resulting in higher IgG concentration in plasma of piglets at 24 h postpartum (P < 0.05). These results suggested that the reproductive performance of sows might be improved as shown by reduction of WEI when sows were fed diets supplemented with live yeast. Moreover, the supplementation of live yeast in sow diets could elevate IgG concentration in colostrum and subsequently plasma IgG of piglets. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Lipids, 1992
[3H]Platelet-activating factor (PAF) binding to rabbit platelet membranes was examined before and... more [3H]Platelet-activating factor (PAF) binding to rabbit platelet membranes was examined before and after 20 min preincubation at 25°C in the presence of PAF, lysoPAF, or of five different PAF receptor antagonists (L 652731, BN 52021, WEB 2086, BN 52111 and BN 52115). When platelet membranes were not washed after preincubation with PAF or PAF antagonists, no significant specific binding of
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Journal of Animal Science, 2014
The effects of live yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain CNCM I-4407, 10(10) cfu/g; Actisaf; Le... more The effects of live yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain CNCM I-4407, 10(10) cfu/g; Actisaf; Lesaffre Feed Additives, Marcq-en-Baroeul, France) on the severity of diarrhea, immune response, and growth performance in weaned piglets orally challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strain O149:K88 were investigated. Live yeast was fed to sows and their piglets in the late gestation, suckling, and postweaning periods. Sows were fed a basal diet without (Control; n = 2) or with (Supplemented; n = 2) 1 g/kg of live yeast from d 94 of gestation and during lactation until weaning of the piglets (d 28). Suckling piglets of the supplemented sows were orally treated with 1 g of live yeast in porridge carrier 3 times a week until weaning. Weaned piglets were fed a basal starter diet without (Control; n = 19) or with (Supplemented; n = 15) 5 g of live yeast/kg feed for 2 wk. Significantly lower daily diarrhea scores (P < 0.05), duration of diarrhea (P < 0.01), and shedding of pathogenic ETEC bacteria (P < 0.05) in feces was detected in the supplemented piglets. Administration of live yeast significantly increased (P < 0.05) IgA levels in the serum of piglets. Evidence indicates that decreased infection-related stress and severity of diarrhea in yeast-fed weaned piglets positively affected their growth capacity in the postweaning period (P < 0.05). The results suggest that dietary supplementation with live yeast S. cerevisiae to sows and piglets in the late gestation, suckling, and postweaning periods can be useful in the reduction of the duration and severity of postweaning diarrhea caused by ETEC.
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Journal of Animal Science, 2012
The impact of 2 doses of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae were evaluated, 5 × 10(10) cfu/kg of feed (L1... more The impact of 2 doses of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae were evaluated, 5 × 10(10) cfu/kg of feed (L1) and 5 × 10(11) cfu/kg of feed (L2) against a control (CON) with no added yeast, using an in vitro model [colon simulation technique (Cositec)] to mimic digestion in the pig colon. The L2 (but not L1) dose significantly improved DM digestibility compared to CON (61 v 58%) and increased NH(3) concentrations (+15%). Volatile fatty acid concentrations increased with L2 compared to CON--isobutyrate (+13.5%), propionate (+8.5%), isovalerate (+17.8%), and valerate (+25%)--but only valerate was increased with L1 (+14.2%). The analysis of microbiota from the liquid associated bacteria (LAB) and solid associated bacteria (SAB) revealed an interaction between the fraction and treatment (P < 0.05). Indeed, L2 had a significant impact on SAB and LAB (P < 0.01) whereas L1 only tended to change the structure of the population in the SAB (P < 0.1). Overall, this study showed that a live yeast probiotic could improve digestion in a colonic simulation model but only at the higher dose used and this effect was associated with a shift in the bacterial population therein.
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European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 1990
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European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 1988
The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that oral ingestion of lipids could increase... more The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that oral ingestion of lipids could increase endurance by slowing the rate of glycogen depletion. Trained rats were killed after a 2 h run on a rodent treadmill, following an intragastric infusion of water, glucose, medium chain triglycerides (MCT) or long chain triglycerides (LCT). Glucose and triglycerides were administered in equicaloric concentrations (50 kJ). The results show that oral ingestion of lipids (MCT or LCT) did not reduce glycogen depletion in liver, heart or skeletal muscle after exercise whereas the fat diet increased muscle and heart glycogen stores in resting conditions. In contrast, glucose feeding induced a significant sparing effect on endogenous carbohydrate utilization and reduced physical exercise lipolysis. These data indicated, firstly, that enhanced lipid availability induced by a single lipid meal before exercise was not able to modify the glycogen depletion occurring after exercise and, secondly, that the glucose/fatty acid cycle was not effective in these conditions. The comparison between lipids indicated that the effect on glycogen use of MCT did not differ from that of LCT, and did not seem to be of any particular importance during physical exercise.
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British Poultry Science, 2010
1. Three experiments were carried out to study the effects of two experimental yeast cell wall (Y... more 1. Three experiments were carried out to study the effects of two experimental yeast cell wall (YCW) supplements, one from the yeast extract industry and the other from the brewery industry, added to maize or wheat based-diets, on performance and intestinal parameters of broiler chickens (Ross 308). 2. In the first and second experiments, a completely randomised block design with 4 experimental treatments was used: T-1) Negative control, no additives T-2) Positive control, avilamycin group (10 mg/kg feed), T-3) Yeast extract-YCW (500 mg/kg), and T-4) Brewery-YCW (500 mg/kg feed). There were 6 replicates of 20 (experiment 1) and 22 (experiment 2) chicks per treatment. 3. In experiment 1 (wheat based diets), yeast extract-YCW increased BW and daily feed intake (42 d). The effects were comparable to those of avilamycin. In experiment 2 (maize based diet), avilamycin, yeast extract-YCW and brewery-YCW treatments improved the feed conversion ratio with respect to the negative control group (0 to 14 d). 4. At 24 d, in both experiments, the ileal nutrient digestibility and ileal bacterial counts were not affected by any experimental treatment. In maize diets, lower intestinal viscosity was obtained with avilamycin, yeast extract-YCW and brewery-YCW than with the negative control. In wheat diets, yeast extract-YCW and brewery-YCW reduced intestinal viscosity. 5. A third experiment was conducted to study the effect of yeast extract-YCW on animal performance, intestinal mucosa morphology and intestinal viscosity. A 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was used; one factor was the dietary yeast extract-YCW supplementation (0 or 500 mg/kg feed) and the other the cereal in the diet (maize or wheat). 6. At 43 d, the heaviest BW was in chickens fed on yeast extract-YCW compared to those given the negative control. At 22 d, yeast extract-YCW increased villus height, mucus thickness and number of goblet cells with respect to negative control. 7. Results of these experiments suggest that supplementation of yeast extract-YCW to broiler chicken diets increased animal performance by favouring intestinal mucosal development.
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Journal of Animal Science, 2016
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Addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) to the prestarter may provide stimulation of the immune... more Addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) to the prestarter may provide stimulation of the immune system of piglets before weaning. Mechanisms of action include activation of macrophages, neutrophils, and NK cells, along with B and T lymphocytes and increased phagocytosis and cytokine production in macrophages (1). Our previous results show better ability of piglets stimulated by SC reduction of mortality in pre-weaning piglets (2). The objection of the study was assessing of the impact SC in feed to the number of ETEC strains and survival of piglets before weaning. Methods Sows from two farrowing sections at farrow to finish farm were randomly allocated into the groups giving birth concurrently, 16 sows each. There were 156 piglets live born in one group (average 9.75 per sow) and 192 in another group (average 12.00 per sow). The first group (SC group) of sows and piglets received standard feed and prestarter premix, supplemented with SC culture at 1000 ppm each (Actisaf Sc47, Lesa...
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Journal of Animal Science, 2016
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Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Esthétique
We report our experience of the use of a scalar type incision associated with a total skin graft ... more We report our experience of the use of a scalar type incision associated with a total skin graft in the treatment of recurrences of Dupuytren's contracture. This is not an original technique, but one described by Hueston in 1984, which consists of a "Fire Break" skin graft after a simple transverse incision of recurrent Dupuytren's contracture. We attribute the absence of recurrence with this graft to the impossibility of the disease to affect the thin tissue between the skin graft and the underlying tendons. Our series is composed of 25 patients, all male. The majority of these patients had undergone surgery on a single occasion before treatment of recurrences with an average time interval of seven years. In a great majority of cases the little finger was deformed and generally severely (stage III or IV). All of our patients were reviewed with a mean follow-up of 28 months after surgery, and we did not observe any recurrences under the graft. In this series, which remains too small and too recent, 67% of cases presented an acceptable result with nearly complete extension and satisfactory grasp. We do not apply this technique to the treatment of all cases of recurrent Dupuytren's contracture, but we reserve it preferentially for elderly patients, operated on several occasions for ulnar fingers especially the little finger, in digital or digito-palmar forms in which the deformity predominates on the proximal interphalangeal joint with marked digital infiltration.
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ChemInform, 1990
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Journal of AOAC International
Fourteen out of 17 laboratories completed an interlaboratory study comparing 2 pretreatment proto... more Fourteen out of 17 laboratories completed an interlaboratory study comparing 2 pretreatment protocols of feed samples containing authorized probiotic bacilli spores. Both methods used tryptone soy agar for enumeration. Pretreatment A involved preparation of a suspension of the feed sample in 50% ethanol. For pretreatment B, the sample was suspended in peptone salt solution and heated at 80 degrees C for 10 min. Each laboratory analyzed 12 samples (6 per pretreatment), which represented duplicates of a high (10(9) colony-forming units [CFU]/g) and low (10(5) CFU/g) level of bacilli spores or a blank that contained vegetative probiotic bacteria only. For pretreatment A, the repeatability relative standard deviation (RSD(r)) was 2.9% for the low level and 2.5% for the high. The reproducibility relative standard deviation (RSDR) values were 7.8 and 5.9%, respectively. Pretreatment B revealed RSD(r) values of 1.1 and 1.0%, and RSDR values of 5.8 and 3.4%, respectively. The heat treatment...
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Journal of dairy science, 2008
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the capacity of 2 dietary feed additives, sodium bi... more The objectives of this study were to evaluate the capacity of 2 dietary feed additives, sodium bicarbonate and live yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain Sc 47), in optimizing ruminal pH in dairy cows and to determine their modes of action. Three early lactating Holstein cows, fitted with ruminal cannulas, were allocated in a 3 x 3 Latin square design. They were given a total mixed ration as control diet (CD) at a daily feeding rate of 28.0 kg of dry matter (DM)/cow supplemented with 150 g/d of sodium bicarbonate (SBD) or 5 g/d of live yeast (YD) during a 21-d experimental period (14 d of diet adaptation, 4 consecutive days of measurement and sampling and 3 d of transition). The pH and redox potential (E(h)) were measured from 1 h before feeding to 8 h after feeding at 1-h intervals, and samples of ruminal fluid were taken at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after feeding for the determination of volatile fatty acids and lactate concentrations. Total tract apparent digestibility of the diet was...
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Annales de chirurgie plastique et esthétique, 2005
The authors report of their experience of mammary augmentation with anatomical implants from 10 y... more The authors report of their experience of mammary augmentation with anatomical implants from 10 years ago. The important proportion of rotation of those anatomical implants obliged them to stop the clinical serie. Sylvain Staub return to a "revisited" classical technique with round implants, smooth in a majority of cases and placed them most of the time in a retromuscular pocket. Eric Auclair, ceduced by the concept of anatomical implants, decided to continue in this direction with a personal concept of anti rotation system. He shows a strategie of mammary augmentation that favorise the premuscular position and define the respective place of round and anatomical implants.
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Annales de chirurgie plastique et esthétique, 1995
"The eyebrow fat pad" was described by Charpy in 1909 without raising the inter... more "The eyebrow fat pad" was described by Charpy in 1909 without raising the interest of plastic surgeons. Over the last 5 years, we have removed this fat in 20% of our cases of superior blepharoplasty. This technique allows a reduction of the thickness of the upper eyelid to a lesser degree than that obtained by bone remodelling. We present the operating technique illustrated by clinical examples.
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Reproduction, nutrition, development, 1985
Two homologous groups of preruminant male calves (10 control and 9 sorbitol) of the Friesian X Ho... more Two homologous groups of preruminant male calves (10 control and 9 sorbitol) of the Friesian X Holstein crossbreed were used to study the effects of sorbitol on appetite, health status and growth rate. Between 1 and 8 weeks of age they were given two milk replacers (IC and IS) that contained high levels of protein and fat (23% of DM), and then between 8 and 19 weeks two diets (FC and FS) containing lower levels of protein and fat (21% of DM). The IC and FC diets had no sorbitol, while in the IS and FS diets it accounted for 0.8% of DM. In each group 4 to 6 calves were used to measure milk digestibility at 3, 7 and 12 weeks of age. At slaughter (19 weeks), carcass quality and liver status were checked. The overall health status of the animals was satisfactory, but after accidental cold stress at week 7, the 10 calves of the control group had diarrhea for 2 to 5 days vs 4 calves in the sorbitol group. Sorbitol digestibility was about 95% at week 3 and almost 100% at weeks 7 and 12. Ap...
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Poultry Science, 2009
Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of dietary addition of yeast cell wall (Y... more Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of dietary addition of yeast cell wall (YCW); beta-1, 3/1, 6-glucan (BG); and mannoprotein complex (MP) purified fractions in broilers. In experiment 1, there was a control diet and 5 experimental diets containing, respectively: 10 mg of avilamycin (AVI)/kg of feed, 500 mg of YCW/kg of feed, 95 mg of MP/kg of feed, 145 mg of BG/kg of feed, and 95 mg of MP plus 145 mg of BG/kg of feed. All birds were vaccinated via drinking water against Newcastle disease virus at 9 d of age. At 42 d, chickens fed AVI, YCW, MP + BG, and BG diets had similar BW not significantly different from chickens fed the control diet. The antibody response of Newcastle disease virus vaccine was not affected by any experimental treatment. Broilers fed MP + BG diet had greater thymus weights (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/= 0.05), as a percentage of BW than those from the control and AVI treatments, but similar with respect to YCW and BG treatments. In experiment 2, there was a group-fed basal diet and 3 additional experimental groups receiving the basal diet supplemented with, respectively: 500 mg of YCW/kg of feed, 190 mg of MP/kg of feed, and 227 mg of BG/kg of feed. At 42 d of age, no difference in broiler growth rates was observed. Samples of the jejunum were collected at 21 d of age to determine villus height. Significantly higher villus height was observed in YCW, MP, and BG groups compared with that of the control group. The relative percentage of liver weight (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/= 0.01) was lower in broilers fed YCW than in broilers fed the control diet, but no differences were observed in respect to chickens fed BG. Data of these studies suggested that the changes in thymus and liver relative weights and villus morphology of broilers were induced with the same intensity by the use of complete YCW, MP + BG, and BG supplements.
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PLoS ONE, 2013
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Physiology & Behavior, 1991
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of oesophageal loads of glucose, medium (MCT)... more The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of oesophageal loads of glucose, medium (MCT)-and long-chain (LCT) triglycerides, plus treadmill exercise on food intake and body weight in rats. On test days, male rats were administered a gastric aqueous solution of glucose, MCT, LCT or water via an oesophageal tube. One hour later, the animals were forced to run on a treadmill for two hours at a speed of 20 m/min at 0% grade. At the beginning of the 12-hour dark cycle (at 7 p.m.) runners were returned to their cages. On control days, the same gastric loads were administered, but the animals remained in their cages. Food intake was continuously measured during both the dark and light periods. A reduction in body weight and total food intake was found after exercise. The food intake suppressing effect of exercise was seen in the first hours of the dark period. Following MCT and LCT oil stomach loads FI decrease was comparable but the latency of the effect varied. Stomach loads of MCT oil induced a reduction in FI within the 0-3 h of food availability whereas LCT oil suppressed intake during the 3-6-h dark period. This could be explained by their different metabolite fate.
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Livestock Science, 2013
ABSTRACT A study was conducted to determine the effect of live yeast supplementation of sow diets... more ABSTRACT A study was conducted to determine the effect of live yeast supplementation of sow diets on reproductive performance, immune function, milk composition of sows and performance of their progeny. A total of 47 F-1 sows (Yorkshire x Landrace) were allotted to five dietary treatments and two different levels (10(6) or 10(7) CFU/g of diet) of live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sc47) were supplemented during gestation, lactation or both. Treatments were (1) no yeast supplementation during gestation and lactation, (2) gestation-basal diet, lactation-10(6) CFU of yeast/g of diet, (3) gestation-basal diet, lactation-10(7) CFU of yeast/g of diet, (4) gestation-10(6) CFU of yeast/g of diet, lactation-10(6) CFU of yeast/g of diet, (5) gestation-10(7) CFU of yeast/g of diet, lactation-10(7) CFU of yeast/g of diet. Inclusion of live yeast in sow diets did not result in any significant difference in body weight or backfat thickness of sows at 110 d of gestation and 21 d postpartum. Additionally, reproductive performance of sows, i.e. litter size, total born alive, birth weight and weight gain of progeny, was not influenced by live yeast supplementation (P > 0.13). Dietary treatment did not affect average daily feed intake of sows during lactation. Compared with the control, weaning to estrus interval (WEI) was shortened (P < 0.01) and percentage of sows in estrus by day 7 after weaning was increased (P < 0.01) when sows were fed live yeast contained diet during lactation, regardless of yeast supplementation during gestation. There was no significant difference in milk composition during overall lactation except that IgG concentration in colostrum tended to be higher in the groups receiving live yeast supplementation (P=0.10) compared with the control group, resulting in higher IgG concentration in plasma of piglets at 24 h postpartum (P < 0.05). These results suggested that the reproductive performance of sows might be improved as shown by reduction of WEI when sows were fed diets supplemented with live yeast. Moreover, the supplementation of live yeast in sow diets could elevate IgG concentration in colostrum and subsequently plasma IgG of piglets. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Lipids, 1992
[3H]Platelet-activating factor (PAF) binding to rabbit platelet membranes was examined before and... more [3H]Platelet-activating factor (PAF) binding to rabbit platelet membranes was examined before and after 20 min preincubation at 25°C in the presence of PAF, lysoPAF, or of five different PAF receptor antagonists (L 652731, BN 52021, WEB 2086, BN 52111 and BN 52115). When platelet membranes were not washed after preincubation with PAF or PAF antagonists, no significant specific binding of
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Journal of Animal Science, 2014
The effects of live yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain CNCM I-4407, 10(10) cfu/g; Actisaf; Le... more The effects of live yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain CNCM I-4407, 10(10) cfu/g; Actisaf; Lesaffre Feed Additives, Marcq-en-Baroeul, France) on the severity of diarrhea, immune response, and growth performance in weaned piglets orally challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strain O149:K88 were investigated. Live yeast was fed to sows and their piglets in the late gestation, suckling, and postweaning periods. Sows were fed a basal diet without (Control; n = 2) or with (Supplemented; n = 2) 1 g/kg of live yeast from d 94 of gestation and during lactation until weaning of the piglets (d 28). Suckling piglets of the supplemented sows were orally treated with 1 g of live yeast in porridge carrier 3 times a week until weaning. Weaned piglets were fed a basal starter diet without (Control; n = 19) or with (Supplemented; n = 15) 5 g of live yeast/kg feed for 2 wk. Significantly lower daily diarrhea scores (P < 0.05), duration of diarrhea (P < 0.01), and shedding of pathogenic ETEC bacteria (P < 0.05) in feces was detected in the supplemented piglets. Administration of live yeast significantly increased (P < 0.05) IgA levels in the serum of piglets. Evidence indicates that decreased infection-related stress and severity of diarrhea in yeast-fed weaned piglets positively affected their growth capacity in the postweaning period (P < 0.05). The results suggest that dietary supplementation with live yeast S. cerevisiae to sows and piglets in the late gestation, suckling, and postweaning periods can be useful in the reduction of the duration and severity of postweaning diarrhea caused by ETEC.
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Journal of Animal Science, 2012
The impact of 2 doses of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae were evaluated, 5 × 10(10) cfu/kg of feed (L1... more The impact of 2 doses of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae were evaluated, 5 × 10(10) cfu/kg of feed (L1) and 5 × 10(11) cfu/kg of feed (L2) against a control (CON) with no added yeast, using an in vitro model [colon simulation technique (Cositec)] to mimic digestion in the pig colon. The L2 (but not L1) dose significantly improved DM digestibility compared to CON (61 v 58%) and increased NH(3) concentrations (+15%). Volatile fatty acid concentrations increased with L2 compared to CON--isobutyrate (+13.5%), propionate (+8.5%), isovalerate (+17.8%), and valerate (+25%)--but only valerate was increased with L1 (+14.2%). The analysis of microbiota from the liquid associated bacteria (LAB) and solid associated bacteria (SAB) revealed an interaction between the fraction and treatment (P < 0.05). Indeed, L2 had a significant impact on SAB and LAB (P < 0.01) whereas L1 only tended to change the structure of the population in the SAB (P < 0.1). Overall, this study showed that a live yeast probiotic could improve digestion in a colonic simulation model but only at the higher dose used and this effect was associated with a shift in the bacterial population therein.
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European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 1990
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European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 1988
The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that oral ingestion of lipids could increase... more The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that oral ingestion of lipids could increase endurance by slowing the rate of glycogen depletion. Trained rats were killed after a 2 h run on a rodent treadmill, following an intragastric infusion of water, glucose, medium chain triglycerides (MCT) or long chain triglycerides (LCT). Glucose and triglycerides were administered in equicaloric concentrations (50 kJ). The results show that oral ingestion of lipids (MCT or LCT) did not reduce glycogen depletion in liver, heart or skeletal muscle after exercise whereas the fat diet increased muscle and heart glycogen stores in resting conditions. In contrast, glucose feeding induced a significant sparing effect on endogenous carbohydrate utilization and reduced physical exercise lipolysis. These data indicated, firstly, that enhanced lipid availability induced by a single lipid meal before exercise was not able to modify the glycogen depletion occurring after exercise and, secondly, that the glucose/fatty acid cycle was not effective in these conditions. The comparison between lipids indicated that the effect on glycogen use of MCT did not differ from that of LCT, and did not seem to be of any particular importance during physical exercise.
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British Poultry Science, 2010
1. Three experiments were carried out to study the effects of two experimental yeast cell wall (Y... more 1. Three experiments were carried out to study the effects of two experimental yeast cell wall (YCW) supplements, one from the yeast extract industry and the other from the brewery industry, added to maize or wheat based-diets, on performance and intestinal parameters of broiler chickens (Ross 308). 2. In the first and second experiments, a completely randomised block design with 4 experimental treatments was used: T-1) Negative control, no additives T-2) Positive control, avilamycin group (10 mg/kg feed), T-3) Yeast extract-YCW (500 mg/kg), and T-4) Brewery-YCW (500 mg/kg feed). There were 6 replicates of 20 (experiment 1) and 22 (experiment 2) chicks per treatment. 3. In experiment 1 (wheat based diets), yeast extract-YCW increased BW and daily feed intake (42 d). The effects were comparable to those of avilamycin. In experiment 2 (maize based diet), avilamycin, yeast extract-YCW and brewery-YCW treatments improved the feed conversion ratio with respect to the negative control group (0 to 14 d). 4. At 24 d, in both experiments, the ileal nutrient digestibility and ileal bacterial counts were not affected by any experimental treatment. In maize diets, lower intestinal viscosity was obtained with avilamycin, yeast extract-YCW and brewery-YCW than with the negative control. In wheat diets, yeast extract-YCW and brewery-YCW reduced intestinal viscosity. 5. A third experiment was conducted to study the effect of yeast extract-YCW on animal performance, intestinal mucosa morphology and intestinal viscosity. A 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was used; one factor was the dietary yeast extract-YCW supplementation (0 or 500 mg/kg feed) and the other the cereal in the diet (maize or wheat). 6. At 43 d, the heaviest BW was in chickens fed on yeast extract-YCW compared to those given the negative control. At 22 d, yeast extract-YCW increased villus height, mucus thickness and number of goblet cells with respect to negative control. 7. Results of these experiments suggest that supplementation of yeast extract-YCW to broiler chicken diets increased animal performance by favouring intestinal mucosal development.
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