Eric Behene - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Eric Behene

Research paper thumbnail of Molecular survey of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species in livestock ticks from Kassena-Nankana, Ghana; with a first report of Anaplasma capra and Ehrlichia minasensis

Archives of Microbiology, Feb 16, 2023

Abstract Tick-borne pathogens harm livestock production and pose a significant risk to public hea... more Abstract Tick-borne pathogens harm livestock production and pose a significant risk to public health. To combat these effects, it is necessary to identify the circulating pathogens to create effective control measures. This study identified Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species in ticks collected from livestock in the Kassena-Nankana Districts between February 2020 and December 2020. A total of 1550 ticks were collected from cattle, sheep and goats. The ticks were morphologically identified, pooled and screened for pathogens using primers that amplify a 345 bp fragment of the 16SrRNA gene and Sanger sequencing. The predominant tick species collected was Amblyomma variegatum (62.98%). From the 491 tick pools screened, 34 (6.92%) were positive for Ehrlichia and Anaplasma. The pathogens identified were Ehrlichia canis (4.28%), Ehrlichia minasensis (1.63%), Anaplasma capra (0.81%) and Anaplasma marginale (0.20%). This study reports the first molecular identification of the above-mentioned Ehrlichia and Anaplasma species in ticks from Ghana. With the association of human infections with the zoonotic pathogen A. capra, livestock owners are at risk of infections, calling for the development of effective control measures. Keywords Livestock ticks · Anaplasma · Ehrlichia · Kassena-Nankana · Ghana

Research paper thumbnail of Biting Behavior and Molecular Identification of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Subspecies in Some Selected Recent Yellow Fever Outbreak Communities in Northern Ghana

Journal of Medical Entomology, Feb 29, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of Microbiological quality and antimicrobial resistance of Bacteria species recovered from ready-to-eat food, water samples, and palm swabs of food vendors in Accra, Ghana

International Journal of Food Microbiology, Jul 1, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of First molecular identification of multiple tick-borne pathogens in livestock within Kassena-Nankana, Ghana

Animal Diseases, Jan 5, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of Occurrence of influenza and bacterial infections in cancer patients receiving radiotherapy in Ghana

Research paper thumbnail of Diarrhoeagenic E. coli occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases isolated from diarrhoea patients attending health facilities in Accra, Ghana

Research paper thumbnail of Risk factors associated with gonorrhea and chlamydia transmission in selected health facilities in Ghana

BMC Infectious Diseases, May 16, 2019

Research paper thumbnail of Detection of Dugbe virus from ticks in Ghana

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Apr 8, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of First Whole Genome Sequencing of Crimean–Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) in Tick Species within Ghana

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a serious viral zoonotic disease spread by ticks and ca... more Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a serious viral zoonotic disease spread by ticks and caused by the Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV). The emergence and reemergence of CCHF in various nations in the Eastern Mediterranean Region over the last decade have shown a growing risk of the disease spreading to new areas, especially in population-dense and livestock trade-dominant areas. There is a lack of updated information on the risk of CCHFV in the Greater Accra and Upper East Regions of Ghana. Due to the paucity of available data, this study sought to identify the tick species diversity in Ghana and to ascertain the CCHFV strains they may carry. A total of 705 ticks were collected from 188 cattle and 11 horses and morphologically identified. Three tick genera (Hyalomma, Amblyomma, and Rhipicephalus) were observed, with the predominant species being Hyalomma rufipes (n = 290, 41.1%). The CCHFV infection rates of 0.78%, 0.69%, and 0.64% were recorded in Hyalomma trunc...

Research paper thumbnail of Whole genome analysis and antimicrobial resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from Ghana

Frontiers in Microbiology

IntroductionGonorrhoea is a major public health concern. With the global emergence and spread of ... more IntroductionGonorrhoea is a major public health concern. With the global emergence and spread of resistance to last-line antibiotic treatment options, gonorrhoea threatens to be untreatable in the future. Therefore, this study performed whole genome characterization of Neisseria gonorrhoeae collected in Ghana to identify lineages of circulating strains as well as their phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles.MethodsWhole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on 56 isolates using both the Oxford Nanopore MinION and Illumina MiSeq sequencing platforms. The Comprehensive Antimicrobial Resistance Database (CARD) and PUBMLST.org/neisseria databases were used to catalogue chromosomal and plasmid genes implicated in AMR. The core genome multi-locus sequence typing (cgMLST) approach was used for comparative genomics analysis.Results and DiscussionIn vitro resistance measured by the E-test method revealed 100%, 91.0% and 85.7% resistance to tetracycline, penicillin a...

Research paper thumbnail of Occurrence of Rickettsia spp. and Coxiella burnetii in ixodid ticks in Kassena-Nankana, Ghana

Experimental and Applied Acarology

Research paper thumbnail of Coinfection of Malaria and Bacterial Pathogens among Acute Febrile Patients in Selected Clinics in Ghana

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Malaria remains the leading cause of acute febrile illness (AFI) in Africa despite successful con... more Malaria remains the leading cause of acute febrile illness (AFI) in Africa despite successful control measures and programs. Acute febrile illnesses can be misdiagnosed as malaria as a result of the overlapping spectrum of nonspecific symptoms or may not be pursued because of limited diagnostic capabilities. This study investigated potential etiologies of AFIs in Ghana and determined the relationship between coinfection between malaria and Q fever, leptospirosis, and culturable bacteria in febrile patients. Participants were enrolled between July 2015 and December 2019 from four Ghanaian military treatment facilities. Of the 399 febrile participants, 222 (55.6%) males and 177 (44.6%) females were enrolled. Malaria was diagnosed in 275 (68.9%) participants. Malaria coinfection occurred with leptospirosis, Q fever, and blood-cultured bacteria in 11/206 (5.3%), 24/206 (11.7%), and 6/164 (3.7%) participants, respectively. Among the 124 malaria-negative samples, the positivity rates were...

Research paper thumbnail of Molecular survey of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species in livestock ticks from Kassena-Nankana, Ghana; with a first report of Anaplasma capra and Ehrlichia minasensis

Research paper thumbnail of A Preliminary Study to Compare Recombinase Polymerase Amplification-Lateral Flow and Quantitative PCR in the Detection of Cutaneous Leishmania in Communities from the Volta Region of Ghana

Vector-borne and Zoonotic Diseases, Feb 1, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of Detection of Dugbe virus from ticks in Ghana

Vector-borne pathogens historically have impacted U.S. warfighters and active-duty personnel stat... more Vector-borne pathogens historically have impacted U.S. warfighters and active-duty personnel stationed both domestically and globally during deployments or forward operations. Tick-borne diseases continue to spread to new geographical regions affecting both animal and human health. In Ghana, there is limited information on the circulating tick-borne pathogens and their risk of infections. This military-to-military vector surveillance study focused on seven sites in Ghana: Navrongo, Airforce Base, 6th Battalion Infantry, Air Borne Force, Army Recruit Training School, 1st Battalion Infantry and 5th Battalion Infantry for detection of tick-borne pathogens. Ticks from these sites were collected by hand-picking with a pair of forceps from domesticated animals including cattle, sheep, goats and dogs. A total of 2,016 ticks were collected from two main ecological zones; the northern Sahel savannah and the coastal savannah. Amblyomma variegatum was the predominant species, accounting for 59...

Research paper thumbnail of Misclassification Cost Sensitive Learning For Predicting Gonorrhea Infection Status In Ghana

Research paper thumbnail of First molecular identification of multiple tick-borne pathogens in livestock within Kassena-Nankana, Ghana

Animal Diseases

The risk of pathogen transmission continues to increase significantly in the presence of tick vec... more The risk of pathogen transmission continues to increase significantly in the presence of tick vectors due to the trade of livestock across countries. In Ghana, there is a lack of data on the incidence of tick-borne pathogens that are of zoonotic and veterinary importance. This study, therefore, aimed to determine the prevalence of such pathogens in livestock using molecular approaches. A total of 276 dry blood spots were collected from cattle (100), sheep (95) and goats (81) in the Kassena-Nankana Districts. The samples were analyzed using Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) and conventional assays and Sanger sequencing that targeted pathogens including Rickettsia, Coxiella, Babesia, Theileria, Ehrlichia and Anaplasma. An overall prevalence of 36.96% was recorded from the livestock DBS, with mixed infections seen in 7.97% samples. Furthermore, the prevalence of infections in livestock was recorded to be 19.21% in sheep, 14.13% in cattle, and 3.62% in goats. The pathogens identified wer...

Research paper thumbnail of Diarrhoeagenic E. coli occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases isolated from diarrhoea patients attending health facilities in Accra, Ghana

PLOS ONE

Introduction Diarrhoea accounts for high morbidity and mortality in children and adults worldwide... more Introduction Diarrhoea accounts for high morbidity and mortality in children and adults worldwide. Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) and Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) contribute to prolonged hospitalization because of their resistance and virulence properties aiding in the spread of diarrhoeal disease and delayed treatment. Aim To determine DEC and the antimicrobial resistance of ESBL-PE isolated among diarrhoea patients attending two health facilities in Ghana. Methods Stool samples were collected from 122 diarrhoeal patients who attended Maamobi General Hospital and Kaneshie Polyclinic between January 2019 and March 2020. Identification of bacteria was performed by using the Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Using disk diffusion, antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was conducted and interpreted according to the 2018 CLSI guidelines. Detection of ESBL and DEC genes was pe...

Research paper thumbnail of Occurrence of influenza and bacterial infections in cancer patients receiving radiotherapy in Ghana

PLOS ONE

Background Influenza co-infection with bacteria is a leading cause of influenza-related deaths an... more Background Influenza co-infection with bacteria is a leading cause of influenza-related deaths and severe respiratory infections, especially among high-risk groups like cancer patients undergoing treatment. However, acute respiratory infection (ARI)-like symptoms developed by upper-torso cancer (UTC) patients receiving radiotherapy are considered as side-effects of the radiation. Hence influenza and bacterial pathogens implicated in ARI are not investigated. Methods This prospective cohort study examined 85 in-patients with upper-torso cancers undergoing radiotherapy at the National Radiotherapy, Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Centre (NRONMC) of Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH) in Accra, Ghana. Eligible patients who consented were recruited into the study from September 2018 to April 2019. Influenza viruses A and B in addition to the following bacteria species Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis and Staphylococcus aureus were detected from orophar...

Research paper thumbnail of Epidemiology of influenza in Ghana, 2011 to 2019

PLOS Global Public Health

Influenza virus is an important contributor to acute respiratory illnesses and is estimated to ca... more Influenza virus is an important contributor to acute respiratory illnesses and is estimated to cause up to 650,000 respiratory deaths each year. Ghana recorded influenza viruses as far back as 1918 when the Spanish influenza pandemic led to the death of >100,000 people in a population of 4 million at the time. An outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) among poultry in Ghana in 2007, led to the establishment of virological surveillance for influenza-like illness (ILI) by the Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR). This surveillance system, supported by the U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit-No. 3 (NAMRU-3) and the Ghana Health Service (GHS), monitors circulating influenza strains and activity to better understand the epidemiology of influenza in Ghana. We present here the results of this surveillance system from 2011 to 2019. As part of the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) system of the GHS under the Ministry of Health (MOH), oropha...

Research paper thumbnail of Molecular survey of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species in livestock ticks from Kassena-Nankana, Ghana; with a first report of Anaplasma capra and Ehrlichia minasensis

Archives of Microbiology, Feb 16, 2023

Abstract Tick-borne pathogens harm livestock production and pose a significant risk to public hea... more Abstract Tick-borne pathogens harm livestock production and pose a significant risk to public health. To combat these effects, it is necessary to identify the circulating pathogens to create effective control measures. This study identified Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species in ticks collected from livestock in the Kassena-Nankana Districts between February 2020 and December 2020. A total of 1550 ticks were collected from cattle, sheep and goats. The ticks were morphologically identified, pooled and screened for pathogens using primers that amplify a 345 bp fragment of the 16SrRNA gene and Sanger sequencing. The predominant tick species collected was Amblyomma variegatum (62.98%). From the 491 tick pools screened, 34 (6.92%) were positive for Ehrlichia and Anaplasma. The pathogens identified were Ehrlichia canis (4.28%), Ehrlichia minasensis (1.63%), Anaplasma capra (0.81%) and Anaplasma marginale (0.20%). This study reports the first molecular identification of the above-mentioned Ehrlichia and Anaplasma species in ticks from Ghana. With the association of human infections with the zoonotic pathogen A. capra, livestock owners are at risk of infections, calling for the development of effective control measures. Keywords Livestock ticks · Anaplasma · Ehrlichia · Kassena-Nankana · Ghana

Research paper thumbnail of Biting Behavior and Molecular Identification of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Subspecies in Some Selected Recent Yellow Fever Outbreak Communities in Northern Ghana

Journal of Medical Entomology, Feb 29, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of Microbiological quality and antimicrobial resistance of Bacteria species recovered from ready-to-eat food, water samples, and palm swabs of food vendors in Accra, Ghana

International Journal of Food Microbiology, Jul 1, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of First molecular identification of multiple tick-borne pathogens in livestock within Kassena-Nankana, Ghana

Animal Diseases, Jan 5, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of Occurrence of influenza and bacterial infections in cancer patients receiving radiotherapy in Ghana

Research paper thumbnail of Diarrhoeagenic E. coli occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases isolated from diarrhoea patients attending health facilities in Accra, Ghana

Research paper thumbnail of Risk factors associated with gonorrhea and chlamydia transmission in selected health facilities in Ghana

BMC Infectious Diseases, May 16, 2019

Research paper thumbnail of Detection of Dugbe virus from ticks in Ghana

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Apr 8, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of First Whole Genome Sequencing of Crimean–Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) in Tick Species within Ghana

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a serious viral zoonotic disease spread by ticks and ca... more Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a serious viral zoonotic disease spread by ticks and caused by the Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV). The emergence and reemergence of CCHF in various nations in the Eastern Mediterranean Region over the last decade have shown a growing risk of the disease spreading to new areas, especially in population-dense and livestock trade-dominant areas. There is a lack of updated information on the risk of CCHFV in the Greater Accra and Upper East Regions of Ghana. Due to the paucity of available data, this study sought to identify the tick species diversity in Ghana and to ascertain the CCHFV strains they may carry. A total of 705 ticks were collected from 188 cattle and 11 horses and morphologically identified. Three tick genera (Hyalomma, Amblyomma, and Rhipicephalus) were observed, with the predominant species being Hyalomma rufipes (n = 290, 41.1%). The CCHFV infection rates of 0.78%, 0.69%, and 0.64% were recorded in Hyalomma trunc...

Research paper thumbnail of Whole genome analysis and antimicrobial resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from Ghana

Frontiers in Microbiology

IntroductionGonorrhoea is a major public health concern. With the global emergence and spread of ... more IntroductionGonorrhoea is a major public health concern. With the global emergence and spread of resistance to last-line antibiotic treatment options, gonorrhoea threatens to be untreatable in the future. Therefore, this study performed whole genome characterization of Neisseria gonorrhoeae collected in Ghana to identify lineages of circulating strains as well as their phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles.MethodsWhole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on 56 isolates using both the Oxford Nanopore MinION and Illumina MiSeq sequencing platforms. The Comprehensive Antimicrobial Resistance Database (CARD) and PUBMLST.org/neisseria databases were used to catalogue chromosomal and plasmid genes implicated in AMR. The core genome multi-locus sequence typing (cgMLST) approach was used for comparative genomics analysis.Results and DiscussionIn vitro resistance measured by the E-test method revealed 100%, 91.0% and 85.7% resistance to tetracycline, penicillin a...

Research paper thumbnail of Occurrence of Rickettsia spp. and Coxiella burnetii in ixodid ticks in Kassena-Nankana, Ghana

Experimental and Applied Acarology

Research paper thumbnail of Coinfection of Malaria and Bacterial Pathogens among Acute Febrile Patients in Selected Clinics in Ghana

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Malaria remains the leading cause of acute febrile illness (AFI) in Africa despite successful con... more Malaria remains the leading cause of acute febrile illness (AFI) in Africa despite successful control measures and programs. Acute febrile illnesses can be misdiagnosed as malaria as a result of the overlapping spectrum of nonspecific symptoms or may not be pursued because of limited diagnostic capabilities. This study investigated potential etiologies of AFIs in Ghana and determined the relationship between coinfection between malaria and Q fever, leptospirosis, and culturable bacteria in febrile patients. Participants were enrolled between July 2015 and December 2019 from four Ghanaian military treatment facilities. Of the 399 febrile participants, 222 (55.6%) males and 177 (44.6%) females were enrolled. Malaria was diagnosed in 275 (68.9%) participants. Malaria coinfection occurred with leptospirosis, Q fever, and blood-cultured bacteria in 11/206 (5.3%), 24/206 (11.7%), and 6/164 (3.7%) participants, respectively. Among the 124 malaria-negative samples, the positivity rates were...

Research paper thumbnail of Molecular survey of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species in livestock ticks from Kassena-Nankana, Ghana; with a first report of Anaplasma capra and Ehrlichia minasensis

Research paper thumbnail of A Preliminary Study to Compare Recombinase Polymerase Amplification-Lateral Flow and Quantitative PCR in the Detection of Cutaneous Leishmania in Communities from the Volta Region of Ghana

Vector-borne and Zoonotic Diseases, Feb 1, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of Detection of Dugbe virus from ticks in Ghana

Vector-borne pathogens historically have impacted U.S. warfighters and active-duty personnel stat... more Vector-borne pathogens historically have impacted U.S. warfighters and active-duty personnel stationed both domestically and globally during deployments or forward operations. Tick-borne diseases continue to spread to new geographical regions affecting both animal and human health. In Ghana, there is limited information on the circulating tick-borne pathogens and their risk of infections. This military-to-military vector surveillance study focused on seven sites in Ghana: Navrongo, Airforce Base, 6th Battalion Infantry, Air Borne Force, Army Recruit Training School, 1st Battalion Infantry and 5th Battalion Infantry for detection of tick-borne pathogens. Ticks from these sites were collected by hand-picking with a pair of forceps from domesticated animals including cattle, sheep, goats and dogs. A total of 2,016 ticks were collected from two main ecological zones; the northern Sahel savannah and the coastal savannah. Amblyomma variegatum was the predominant species, accounting for 59...

Research paper thumbnail of Misclassification Cost Sensitive Learning For Predicting Gonorrhea Infection Status In Ghana

Research paper thumbnail of First molecular identification of multiple tick-borne pathogens in livestock within Kassena-Nankana, Ghana

Animal Diseases

The risk of pathogen transmission continues to increase significantly in the presence of tick vec... more The risk of pathogen transmission continues to increase significantly in the presence of tick vectors due to the trade of livestock across countries. In Ghana, there is a lack of data on the incidence of tick-borne pathogens that are of zoonotic and veterinary importance. This study, therefore, aimed to determine the prevalence of such pathogens in livestock using molecular approaches. A total of 276 dry blood spots were collected from cattle (100), sheep (95) and goats (81) in the Kassena-Nankana Districts. The samples were analyzed using Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) and conventional assays and Sanger sequencing that targeted pathogens including Rickettsia, Coxiella, Babesia, Theileria, Ehrlichia and Anaplasma. An overall prevalence of 36.96% was recorded from the livestock DBS, with mixed infections seen in 7.97% samples. Furthermore, the prevalence of infections in livestock was recorded to be 19.21% in sheep, 14.13% in cattle, and 3.62% in goats. The pathogens identified wer...

Research paper thumbnail of Diarrhoeagenic E. coli occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases isolated from diarrhoea patients attending health facilities in Accra, Ghana

PLOS ONE

Introduction Diarrhoea accounts for high morbidity and mortality in children and adults worldwide... more Introduction Diarrhoea accounts for high morbidity and mortality in children and adults worldwide. Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) and Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) contribute to prolonged hospitalization because of their resistance and virulence properties aiding in the spread of diarrhoeal disease and delayed treatment. Aim To determine DEC and the antimicrobial resistance of ESBL-PE isolated among diarrhoea patients attending two health facilities in Ghana. Methods Stool samples were collected from 122 diarrhoeal patients who attended Maamobi General Hospital and Kaneshie Polyclinic between January 2019 and March 2020. Identification of bacteria was performed by using the Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Using disk diffusion, antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was conducted and interpreted according to the 2018 CLSI guidelines. Detection of ESBL and DEC genes was pe...

Research paper thumbnail of Occurrence of influenza and bacterial infections in cancer patients receiving radiotherapy in Ghana

PLOS ONE

Background Influenza co-infection with bacteria is a leading cause of influenza-related deaths an... more Background Influenza co-infection with bacteria is a leading cause of influenza-related deaths and severe respiratory infections, especially among high-risk groups like cancer patients undergoing treatment. However, acute respiratory infection (ARI)-like symptoms developed by upper-torso cancer (UTC) patients receiving radiotherapy are considered as side-effects of the radiation. Hence influenza and bacterial pathogens implicated in ARI are not investigated. Methods This prospective cohort study examined 85 in-patients with upper-torso cancers undergoing radiotherapy at the National Radiotherapy, Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Centre (NRONMC) of Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH) in Accra, Ghana. Eligible patients who consented were recruited into the study from September 2018 to April 2019. Influenza viruses A and B in addition to the following bacteria species Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis and Staphylococcus aureus were detected from orophar...

Research paper thumbnail of Epidemiology of influenza in Ghana, 2011 to 2019

PLOS Global Public Health

Influenza virus is an important contributor to acute respiratory illnesses and is estimated to ca... more Influenza virus is an important contributor to acute respiratory illnesses and is estimated to cause up to 650,000 respiratory deaths each year. Ghana recorded influenza viruses as far back as 1918 when the Spanish influenza pandemic led to the death of >100,000 people in a population of 4 million at the time. An outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) among poultry in Ghana in 2007, led to the establishment of virological surveillance for influenza-like illness (ILI) by the Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR). This surveillance system, supported by the U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit-No. 3 (NAMRU-3) and the Ghana Health Service (GHS), monitors circulating influenza strains and activity to better understand the epidemiology of influenza in Ghana. We present here the results of this surveillance system from 2011 to 2019. As part of the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) system of the GHS under the Ministry of Health (MOH), oropha...