E. Hynynen - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by E. Hynynen

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of moderate and heavy endurance exercise on nocturnal HRV

International journal of sports medicine, 2010

This study examined the effects of endurance exercise on nocturnal autonomic modulation. Nocturna... more This study examined the effects of endurance exercise on nocturnal autonomic modulation. Nocturnal R-R intervals were collected after a rest day, after a moderate endurance exercise and after a marathon run in ten healthy, physically active men. Heart rate variability (HRV) was analyzed as a continuous four-hour period starting 30 min after going to bed for sleep. In relation to average nocturnal heart rate after rest day, increases to 109+/-6% and 130+/-11% of baseline were found after moderate endurance exercise and marathon, respectively. Standard deviation of R-R intervals decreased to 90+/-9% and 64+/-10%, root-mean-square of differences between adjacent R-R intervals to 87+/-10% and 55+/-16%, and high frequency power to 77+/-19% and 34+/-19% of baseline after moderate endurance exercise and marathon, respectively. Also nocturnal low frequency power decreased to 56+/-26% of baseline after the marathon. Changes in nocturnal heart rate and HRV suggest prolonged dose-response effe...

Research paper thumbnail of Heart Rate Variability in Orthostatic Test During Different Training Periods in Elite Swimmers

Background: It is well known that hypo-albuminemic patients with nephrotic syndrome are refractor... more Background: It is well known that hypo-albuminemic patients with nephrotic syndrome are refractory to diuretic therapy. Albumin has been shown to have a direct effect on the efficacy of loop diuretics. Case series: Four patients admitted for acute de compensated heart failure refractory to outpatient loop diuretic therapy were treated at a tertiary care center. Patient's baseline demographics at admission were similar with respect to diabetes, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. All patients were on maximum tolerated guideline directed medical therapy for heart failure with reduced ejection. Average New York Heart Association (NYHA) class on admission was 2.8 and decreased to 2.0. Median baseline body weight was 88.

Research paper thumbnail of Heart rate variability in prediction of individual adaptation to endurance training in recreational endurance runners

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Heart Rate Variability in Chronic and Acute Stress

Hynynen, Esa Heart rate variability in chronic and acute stress with special reference to nocturn... more Hynynen, Esa Heart rate variability in chronic and acute stress with special reference to nocturnal sleep and acute challenges after awakening Jyväskylä:

Research paper thumbnail of Physiological Stress of Competing and Training in Figure Skating

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2011

Physiological Stress of Competing and Training in Figure Skating Esa Hynynen1, Ville Vesterinen1,... more Physiological Stress of Competing and Training in Figure Skating Esa Hynynen1, Ville Vesterinen1, Tommi Sipari1, Laura Tast2, Ari Nummela1 1 KIHU – Research Institute for Olympic Sports, Jyvaskyla, Finland 2 Finnish Figure Skating Association, Helsinki, Finland Despite the merits of many studies on biomechanics and injuries in figure skating, physiological demands of figure skating remain unclear. PURPOSE: This study was made to investigate the physiological stress of training and competing in figure skaters. METHODS: Five men and five women of the national team of Finland participated in this study. Heart rate was recorded during the short program and free skating competition. Fingertip blood samples were collected immediately after the program sessions to analyze blood lactate concentrations. The athletes also rated their perceived exertion (0-10) after program sessions. In addition, the same measurements were done in two training sessions (technique and program) in two men and two women. RESULTS: Figure skaters had higher blood lactate concentration after free skating when compared to the short program (12.0 ± 2.2 mM vs. 10.7 ± 2.2 mM, P < 0.05, respectively). They also rated their perceived exertion higher after free skating when compared to the short program (8.2 ± 1.1 vs. 6.4 ± 1.4, P < 0.01). No differences were found in the heart rate responses to competitions between the short program and free skating. Blood lactate concentrations were higher in competitions when compared to the technique training sessions (1.3 ± 2.2 mM, P < 0.01) and program training sessions (7.1 ± 2.6 mM, P < 0.05). The perceived exertion in technique training session was rated lower (5.0 ± 1.6) than in the competitions (P < 0.05) and in program training sessions (6.5 ± 1.7, P < 0.05). Also the average heart rate was higher during the competition (188 ± 7 bpm) than in technique training sessions (132 ± 20 bpm, P < 0.05) and program training sessions (175 ± 8 bpm, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The present findings of high heart rate and blood lactate concentrations suggest that the physiological stress is high during the competitions and during the program training. The longer duration of the free skating may explain the higher blood lactate concentrations and perceived exertion in comparison to the short program. The competition situation seems to accentuate the sympathetic activity as suggested by higher heart rate during program in competition than in training.

Research paper thumbnail of Maastohiihdon kuormitusseurannan kehittämis-projekti vuoteen 2006/Torino

... Martinmäki, Rusko, Kooistra, Kettunen ja Saalasti 2005). Näitä menetelmiä on tässä projektiss... more ... Martinmäki, Rusko, Kooistra, Kettunen ja Saalasti 2005). Näitä menetelmiä on tässä projektissa hyödynnetty kuormittumisen ja palautumisen seurannassa niin merenpinnan tasolla kuin vuoristoleireilläkin. MENETELMÄT Urheilijat ...

Research paper thumbnail of High-intensity endurance training increases nocturnal heart rate variability in sedentary participants

Biology of Sport, 2016

The effects of endurance training on endurance performance characteristics and cardiac autonomic ... more The effects of endurance training on endurance performance characteristics and cardiac autonomic modulation during night sleep were investigated during two 4-week training periods. After the first 4-week training period (3 x 40 min per week, at 75% of HRR) the subjects were divided into HIGH group (n = 7), who performed three high-intensity endurance training sessions per week; and CONTROL group (n = 8) who did not change their training. An incremental treadmill test was performed before and after the two 4-week training periods. Furthermore, nocturnal RR-intervals were recorded after each training day. In the second 4-week training period HIGH group increased their VO2max (P = 0.005) more than CONTROL group. At the same time, nocturnal HR decreased (P = 0.039) and high-frequency power (HFP) increased (P = 0.003) in HIGH group while no changes were observed in CONTROL group. Furthermore, a correlation was observed between the changes in nocturnal HFP and changes in VO2max during the...

Research paper thumbnail of Lajinomaisen ammuntasuorituksen ja fyysisen kunnon seurantajärjestelmän kehittäminen ampumahiihdossa 2004-2005

... Esa Hynynen1, Jari Karinkanta2, Tomi Kuutti2, Marko Laaksonen2 Jussi Mikkola1, Asko Nuutinen2... more ... Esa Hynynen1, Jari Karinkanta2, Tomi Kuutti2, Marko Laaksonen2 Jussi Mikkola1, Asko Nuutinen2, Toni Roponen2, Matti ... Analysointimenetelmien taustalla olevista matemaattisista mallintamis-ja laskentamenetelmistä on vastikään valmistunut Sami Saalastin väitöskirja (2003 ...

Research paper thumbnail of Predictors of individual adaptation to high-volume or high-intensity endurance training in recreational endurance runners

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports

Research paper thumbnail of Cardiac autonomic responses to standing up and cognitive task in overtrained athletes

International journal of sports medicine, 2008

This study compared the autonomic responses to an active orthostatic test and Stroop Color Word T... more This study compared the autonomic responses to an active orthostatic test and Stroop Color Word Test (Stroop) as well as cognitive performance in Stroop in twelve severely overtrained (OA, 6 men and 6 women) and twelve control athletes (CA, 6 men and 6 women). RR-intervals were recorded during the orthostatic test, the Stroop, and a relaxation period succeeding the Stroop. Low frequency power during standing in the orthostatic test was lower in OA than in CA (1322 +/- 955 ms2 vs. 2262 +/- 1029 ms2, p = 0.030, respectively). During Stroop, OA had higher relative total power (50 +/- 47 % vs. 19 +/- 14 % of the individual total power during supine rest after awakening, p = 0.028, respectively) and high frequency power (38.5 +/- 9.4 % vs. 13.5 +/- 2.3 % of the individual high frequency power during supine rest after awakening, p = 0.035, respectively) than CA. In the Stroop, OA made more mistakes than CA (9.7 +/- 6.5 % vs. 5.4 +/- 3.0 %, p = 0.045). The increase in absolute total power ...

Research paper thumbnail of Markkinointisuunnitelma-Kuopion Lasi-ja Saumauspalvelu Oy

Research paper thumbnail of Monitoring Training Adaptation With a Submaximal Running Test in Field Conditions

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 2015

Regular monitoring of adaptation to training is important for optimizing training load and recove... more Regular monitoring of adaptation to training is important for optimizing training load and recovery, which is the main factor in successful training.Purpose:To investigate the usefulness of a novel submaximal running test (SRT) in field conditions in predicting and tracking changes of endurance performance.Methods:Thirty-five endurance-trained men and women (age 20–55 y) completed the 18-wk endurance-training program. A maximal incremental running test was performed at weeks 0, 9, and 18 for determination of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and running speed (RS) at exhaustion (RSpeak) and lactate thresholds (LTs). In addition, the subjects performed weekly a 3-stage SRT including a postexercise heart-rate-recovery (HRR) measurement. The subjects were retrospectively grouped into 4 clusters according to changes in SRT results.Results:Large correlations (r = .60–.89) were observed between RS during all stages of SRT and all endurance-performance variables (VO2max, RSpeak, RS at LT...

Research paper thumbnail of The incidence of stress symptoms and heart rate variability during sleep and orthostatic test

European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2011

This study examined the relation of self-reported stress to cardiac autonomic modulation in real-... more This study examined the relation of self-reported stress to cardiac autonomic modulation in real-life conditions. The participants for the study were healthy male (N = 59) and female (N = 40) employees (age 40 ± 10 years). A single-item question and a 14-item questionnaire on perceived stress were administered to the participants before the experimental night. RR-intervals (RRI) were recorded during night sleep and an orthostatic test after awakening at home. The RRI data were analyzed for heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) in time and frequency domains. Nocturnal urinary stress hormone (cortisol, adrenal and noradrenal) secretion was also analyzed. Based on the self-reported stress, the participants were divided into either low or high stress group. The results showed that higher incidence of stress symptoms was significantly associated with lower HRV in the orthostatic test regardless of age and gender. Differences between the stress groups in HRV indices were approximately 20-50 and 30-75% in supine and standing positions, respectively. No difference was found in nocturnal HR, HRV, or stress hormone secretion between the stress groups. Higher incidence of stress symptoms was significantly associated with greater decrease of HRV from night sleep to the orthostatic test, as a response to awakening. In conclusion, the present findings support the view that autonomic modulation measured in the orthostatic test, but not during night sleep, is related to self-reported stress.

Research paper thumbnail of Pikaluistelun ja modifioidun jalkaprässitestin voimantuotto ja lihasaktiivisuudet

Kehitysprojektin tarkoituksena oli parantaa pikaluistelijoiden tehontuoton testausta uuden modifi... more Kehitysprojektin tarkoituksena oli parantaa pikaluistelijoiden tehontuoton testausta uuden modifioidun jalkaprässin prototyypin avulla. Jalkaprässin toimivuutta testivälineenä tutkittiin vertaamalla 30 sekunnin mittaista jalkaprässisuoritusta vastaavan pituiseen ...

Research paper thumbnail of Lajinomaisen ammuntasuorituksen ja fyysisen kunnon seurantajärjestelmän kehittäminen ampumahiihdossa 2004-2005

... Esa Hynynen1, Jari Karinkanta2, Tomi Kuutti2, Marko Laaksonen2 Jussi Mikkola1, Asko Nuutinen2... more ... Esa Hynynen1, Jari Karinkanta2, Tomi Kuutti2, Marko Laaksonen2 Jussi Mikkola1, Asko Nuutinen2, Toni Roponen2, Matti ... Analysointimenetelmien taustalla olevista matemaattisista mallintamis-ja laskentamenetelmistä on vastikään valmistunut Sami Saalastin väitöskirja (2003 ...

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of moderate and heavy endurance exercise on nocturnal HRV

International journal of sports medicine, 2010

This study examined the effects of endurance exercise on nocturnal autonomic modulation. Nocturna... more This study examined the effects of endurance exercise on nocturnal autonomic modulation. Nocturnal R-R intervals were collected after a rest day, after a moderate endurance exercise and after a marathon run in ten healthy, physically active men. Heart rate variability (HRV) was analyzed as a continuous four-hour period starting 30 min after going to bed for sleep. In relation to average nocturnal heart rate after rest day, increases to 109+/-6% and 130+/-11% of baseline were found after moderate endurance exercise and marathon, respectively. Standard deviation of R-R intervals decreased to 90+/-9% and 64+/-10%, root-mean-square of differences between adjacent R-R intervals to 87+/-10% and 55+/-16%, and high frequency power to 77+/-19% and 34+/-19% of baseline after moderate endurance exercise and marathon, respectively. Also nocturnal low frequency power decreased to 56+/-26% of baseline after the marathon. Changes in nocturnal heart rate and HRV suggest prolonged dose-response effe...

Research paper thumbnail of Endurance Performance and Nocturnal HRV Indices

International Journal of Sports Medicine, 2009

The effects of endurance training on endurance performance characteristics and cardiac autonomic ... more The effects of endurance training on endurance performance characteristics and cardiac autonomic modulation during night sleep were investigated. Twenty-four sedentary subjects trained over four weeks two hours per week at an average running intensity of 76+/-4% of their heart rate reserve. The R to R ECG-intervals were recorded and heart rate variability indices including high frequency power (HFP) were calculated for the nights following the training days every week. The subjects were divided into responders and non-responders according to the improvements in the maximal velocity of the incremental treadmill test (v(max)). The responders improved their v(max) by 10.9+/-46 % (p &lt; 0.001) while no changes were observed in the non-responders (1.6+/-3.0%), although there were no differences in any training load variables between the groups. In the responders nocturnal HFP was significantly higher during the fourth training week compared to the first training week (p=0.036). Furthermore, a significant correlation was observed between the change in v(max) and the change in nocturnal HFP (r=0.482, p=0.042). It was concluded that after similar training, an increase in cardiac vagal modulation was related to improved v(max) in the sedentary subjects.

Research paper thumbnail of THE EFFECTS OF INCREASED TRAINING VOLUME ON HEART RATE VARIABILITY AMONG YOUNG ENDURANCE ATHLETES

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2002

Research paper thumbnail of PRE-PREDICTION OF EPOC

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2003

At present, there are no useful methods for monitoring fatigue accumulation during training exerc... more At present, there are no useful methods for monitoring fatigue accumulation during training exercises. Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC) is the greater the more exhausting the exercise.

Research paper thumbnail of The incidence of stress symptoms and heart rate variability during sleep and orthostatic test

European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2011

This study examined the relation of self-reported stress to cardiac autonomic modulation in real-... more This study examined the relation of self-reported stress to cardiac autonomic modulation in real-life conditions. The participants for the study were healthy male (N = 59) and female (N = 40) employees (age 40 ± 10 years). A single-item question and a 14-item questionnaire on perceived stress were administered to the participants before the experimental night. RR-intervals (RRI) were recorded during night sleep and an orthostatic test after awakening at home. The RRI data were analyzed for heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) in time and frequency domains. Nocturnal urinary stress hormone (cortisol, adrenal and noradrenal) secretion was also analyzed. Based on the self-reported stress, the participants were divided into either low or high stress group. The results showed that higher incidence of stress symptoms was significantly associated with lower HRV in the orthostatic test regardless of age and gender. Differences between the stress groups in HRV indices were approximately 20-50 and 30-75% in supine and standing positions, respectively. No difference was found in nocturnal HR, HRV, or stress hormone secretion between the stress groups. Higher incidence of stress symptoms was significantly associated with greater decrease of HRV from night sleep to the orthostatic test, as a response to awakening. In conclusion, the present findings support the view that autonomic modulation measured in the orthostatic test, but not during night sleep, is related to self-reported stress.

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of moderate and heavy endurance exercise on nocturnal HRV

International journal of sports medicine, 2010

This study examined the effects of endurance exercise on nocturnal autonomic modulation. Nocturna... more This study examined the effects of endurance exercise on nocturnal autonomic modulation. Nocturnal R-R intervals were collected after a rest day, after a moderate endurance exercise and after a marathon run in ten healthy, physically active men. Heart rate variability (HRV) was analyzed as a continuous four-hour period starting 30 min after going to bed for sleep. In relation to average nocturnal heart rate after rest day, increases to 109+/-6% and 130+/-11% of baseline were found after moderate endurance exercise and marathon, respectively. Standard deviation of R-R intervals decreased to 90+/-9% and 64+/-10%, root-mean-square of differences between adjacent R-R intervals to 87+/-10% and 55+/-16%, and high frequency power to 77+/-19% and 34+/-19% of baseline after moderate endurance exercise and marathon, respectively. Also nocturnal low frequency power decreased to 56+/-26% of baseline after the marathon. Changes in nocturnal heart rate and HRV suggest prolonged dose-response effe...

Research paper thumbnail of Heart Rate Variability in Orthostatic Test During Different Training Periods in Elite Swimmers

Background: It is well known that hypo-albuminemic patients with nephrotic syndrome are refractor... more Background: It is well known that hypo-albuminemic patients with nephrotic syndrome are refractory to diuretic therapy. Albumin has been shown to have a direct effect on the efficacy of loop diuretics. Case series: Four patients admitted for acute de compensated heart failure refractory to outpatient loop diuretic therapy were treated at a tertiary care center. Patient's baseline demographics at admission were similar with respect to diabetes, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. All patients were on maximum tolerated guideline directed medical therapy for heart failure with reduced ejection. Average New York Heart Association (NYHA) class on admission was 2.8 and decreased to 2.0. Median baseline body weight was 88.

Research paper thumbnail of Heart rate variability in prediction of individual adaptation to endurance training in recreational endurance runners

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Heart Rate Variability in Chronic and Acute Stress

Hynynen, Esa Heart rate variability in chronic and acute stress with special reference to nocturn... more Hynynen, Esa Heart rate variability in chronic and acute stress with special reference to nocturnal sleep and acute challenges after awakening Jyväskylä:

Research paper thumbnail of Physiological Stress of Competing and Training in Figure Skating

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2011

Physiological Stress of Competing and Training in Figure Skating Esa Hynynen1, Ville Vesterinen1,... more Physiological Stress of Competing and Training in Figure Skating Esa Hynynen1, Ville Vesterinen1, Tommi Sipari1, Laura Tast2, Ari Nummela1 1 KIHU – Research Institute for Olympic Sports, Jyvaskyla, Finland 2 Finnish Figure Skating Association, Helsinki, Finland Despite the merits of many studies on biomechanics and injuries in figure skating, physiological demands of figure skating remain unclear. PURPOSE: This study was made to investigate the physiological stress of training and competing in figure skaters. METHODS: Five men and five women of the national team of Finland participated in this study. Heart rate was recorded during the short program and free skating competition. Fingertip blood samples were collected immediately after the program sessions to analyze blood lactate concentrations. The athletes also rated their perceived exertion (0-10) after program sessions. In addition, the same measurements were done in two training sessions (technique and program) in two men and two women. RESULTS: Figure skaters had higher blood lactate concentration after free skating when compared to the short program (12.0 ± 2.2 mM vs. 10.7 ± 2.2 mM, P < 0.05, respectively). They also rated their perceived exertion higher after free skating when compared to the short program (8.2 ± 1.1 vs. 6.4 ± 1.4, P < 0.01). No differences were found in the heart rate responses to competitions between the short program and free skating. Blood lactate concentrations were higher in competitions when compared to the technique training sessions (1.3 ± 2.2 mM, P < 0.01) and program training sessions (7.1 ± 2.6 mM, P < 0.05). The perceived exertion in technique training session was rated lower (5.0 ± 1.6) than in the competitions (P < 0.05) and in program training sessions (6.5 ± 1.7, P < 0.05). Also the average heart rate was higher during the competition (188 ± 7 bpm) than in technique training sessions (132 ± 20 bpm, P < 0.05) and program training sessions (175 ± 8 bpm, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The present findings of high heart rate and blood lactate concentrations suggest that the physiological stress is high during the competitions and during the program training. The longer duration of the free skating may explain the higher blood lactate concentrations and perceived exertion in comparison to the short program. The competition situation seems to accentuate the sympathetic activity as suggested by higher heart rate during program in competition than in training.

Research paper thumbnail of Maastohiihdon kuormitusseurannan kehittämis-projekti vuoteen 2006/Torino

... Martinmäki, Rusko, Kooistra, Kettunen ja Saalasti 2005). Näitä menetelmiä on tässä projektiss... more ... Martinmäki, Rusko, Kooistra, Kettunen ja Saalasti 2005). Näitä menetelmiä on tässä projektissa hyödynnetty kuormittumisen ja palautumisen seurannassa niin merenpinnan tasolla kuin vuoristoleireilläkin. MENETELMÄT Urheilijat ...

Research paper thumbnail of High-intensity endurance training increases nocturnal heart rate variability in sedentary participants

Biology of Sport, 2016

The effects of endurance training on endurance performance characteristics and cardiac autonomic ... more The effects of endurance training on endurance performance characteristics and cardiac autonomic modulation during night sleep were investigated during two 4-week training periods. After the first 4-week training period (3 x 40 min per week, at 75% of HRR) the subjects were divided into HIGH group (n = 7), who performed three high-intensity endurance training sessions per week; and CONTROL group (n = 8) who did not change their training. An incremental treadmill test was performed before and after the two 4-week training periods. Furthermore, nocturnal RR-intervals were recorded after each training day. In the second 4-week training period HIGH group increased their VO2max (P = 0.005) more than CONTROL group. At the same time, nocturnal HR decreased (P = 0.039) and high-frequency power (HFP) increased (P = 0.003) in HIGH group while no changes were observed in CONTROL group. Furthermore, a correlation was observed between the changes in nocturnal HFP and changes in VO2max during the...

Research paper thumbnail of Lajinomaisen ammuntasuorituksen ja fyysisen kunnon seurantajärjestelmän kehittäminen ampumahiihdossa 2004-2005

... Esa Hynynen1, Jari Karinkanta2, Tomi Kuutti2, Marko Laaksonen2 Jussi Mikkola1, Asko Nuutinen2... more ... Esa Hynynen1, Jari Karinkanta2, Tomi Kuutti2, Marko Laaksonen2 Jussi Mikkola1, Asko Nuutinen2, Toni Roponen2, Matti ... Analysointimenetelmien taustalla olevista matemaattisista mallintamis-ja laskentamenetelmistä on vastikään valmistunut Sami Saalastin väitöskirja (2003 ...

Research paper thumbnail of Predictors of individual adaptation to high-volume or high-intensity endurance training in recreational endurance runners

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports

Research paper thumbnail of Cardiac autonomic responses to standing up and cognitive task in overtrained athletes

International journal of sports medicine, 2008

This study compared the autonomic responses to an active orthostatic test and Stroop Color Word T... more This study compared the autonomic responses to an active orthostatic test and Stroop Color Word Test (Stroop) as well as cognitive performance in Stroop in twelve severely overtrained (OA, 6 men and 6 women) and twelve control athletes (CA, 6 men and 6 women). RR-intervals were recorded during the orthostatic test, the Stroop, and a relaxation period succeeding the Stroop. Low frequency power during standing in the orthostatic test was lower in OA than in CA (1322 +/- 955 ms2 vs. 2262 +/- 1029 ms2, p = 0.030, respectively). During Stroop, OA had higher relative total power (50 +/- 47 % vs. 19 +/- 14 % of the individual total power during supine rest after awakening, p = 0.028, respectively) and high frequency power (38.5 +/- 9.4 % vs. 13.5 +/- 2.3 % of the individual high frequency power during supine rest after awakening, p = 0.035, respectively) than CA. In the Stroop, OA made more mistakes than CA (9.7 +/- 6.5 % vs. 5.4 +/- 3.0 %, p = 0.045). The increase in absolute total power ...

Research paper thumbnail of Markkinointisuunnitelma-Kuopion Lasi-ja Saumauspalvelu Oy

Research paper thumbnail of Monitoring Training Adaptation With a Submaximal Running Test in Field Conditions

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 2015

Regular monitoring of adaptation to training is important for optimizing training load and recove... more Regular monitoring of adaptation to training is important for optimizing training load and recovery, which is the main factor in successful training.Purpose:To investigate the usefulness of a novel submaximal running test (SRT) in field conditions in predicting and tracking changes of endurance performance.Methods:Thirty-five endurance-trained men and women (age 20–55 y) completed the 18-wk endurance-training program. A maximal incremental running test was performed at weeks 0, 9, and 18 for determination of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and running speed (RS) at exhaustion (RSpeak) and lactate thresholds (LTs). In addition, the subjects performed weekly a 3-stage SRT including a postexercise heart-rate-recovery (HRR) measurement. The subjects were retrospectively grouped into 4 clusters according to changes in SRT results.Results:Large correlations (r = .60–.89) were observed between RS during all stages of SRT and all endurance-performance variables (VO2max, RSpeak, RS at LT...

Research paper thumbnail of The incidence of stress symptoms and heart rate variability during sleep and orthostatic test

European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2011

This study examined the relation of self-reported stress to cardiac autonomic modulation in real-... more This study examined the relation of self-reported stress to cardiac autonomic modulation in real-life conditions. The participants for the study were healthy male (N = 59) and female (N = 40) employees (age 40 ± 10 years). A single-item question and a 14-item questionnaire on perceived stress were administered to the participants before the experimental night. RR-intervals (RRI) were recorded during night sleep and an orthostatic test after awakening at home. The RRI data were analyzed for heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) in time and frequency domains. Nocturnal urinary stress hormone (cortisol, adrenal and noradrenal) secretion was also analyzed. Based on the self-reported stress, the participants were divided into either low or high stress group. The results showed that higher incidence of stress symptoms was significantly associated with lower HRV in the orthostatic test regardless of age and gender. Differences between the stress groups in HRV indices were approximately 20-50 and 30-75% in supine and standing positions, respectively. No difference was found in nocturnal HR, HRV, or stress hormone secretion between the stress groups. Higher incidence of stress symptoms was significantly associated with greater decrease of HRV from night sleep to the orthostatic test, as a response to awakening. In conclusion, the present findings support the view that autonomic modulation measured in the orthostatic test, but not during night sleep, is related to self-reported stress.

Research paper thumbnail of Pikaluistelun ja modifioidun jalkaprässitestin voimantuotto ja lihasaktiivisuudet

Kehitysprojektin tarkoituksena oli parantaa pikaluistelijoiden tehontuoton testausta uuden modifi... more Kehitysprojektin tarkoituksena oli parantaa pikaluistelijoiden tehontuoton testausta uuden modifioidun jalkaprässin prototyypin avulla. Jalkaprässin toimivuutta testivälineenä tutkittiin vertaamalla 30 sekunnin mittaista jalkaprässisuoritusta vastaavan pituiseen ...

Research paper thumbnail of Lajinomaisen ammuntasuorituksen ja fyysisen kunnon seurantajärjestelmän kehittäminen ampumahiihdossa 2004-2005

... Esa Hynynen1, Jari Karinkanta2, Tomi Kuutti2, Marko Laaksonen2 Jussi Mikkola1, Asko Nuutinen2... more ... Esa Hynynen1, Jari Karinkanta2, Tomi Kuutti2, Marko Laaksonen2 Jussi Mikkola1, Asko Nuutinen2, Toni Roponen2, Matti ... Analysointimenetelmien taustalla olevista matemaattisista mallintamis-ja laskentamenetelmistä on vastikään valmistunut Sami Saalastin väitöskirja (2003 ...

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of moderate and heavy endurance exercise on nocturnal HRV

International journal of sports medicine, 2010

This study examined the effects of endurance exercise on nocturnal autonomic modulation. Nocturna... more This study examined the effects of endurance exercise on nocturnal autonomic modulation. Nocturnal R-R intervals were collected after a rest day, after a moderate endurance exercise and after a marathon run in ten healthy, physically active men. Heart rate variability (HRV) was analyzed as a continuous four-hour period starting 30 min after going to bed for sleep. In relation to average nocturnal heart rate after rest day, increases to 109+/-6% and 130+/-11% of baseline were found after moderate endurance exercise and marathon, respectively. Standard deviation of R-R intervals decreased to 90+/-9% and 64+/-10%, root-mean-square of differences between adjacent R-R intervals to 87+/-10% and 55+/-16%, and high frequency power to 77+/-19% and 34+/-19% of baseline after moderate endurance exercise and marathon, respectively. Also nocturnal low frequency power decreased to 56+/-26% of baseline after the marathon. Changes in nocturnal heart rate and HRV suggest prolonged dose-response effe...

Research paper thumbnail of Endurance Performance and Nocturnal HRV Indices

International Journal of Sports Medicine, 2009

The effects of endurance training on endurance performance characteristics and cardiac autonomic ... more The effects of endurance training on endurance performance characteristics and cardiac autonomic modulation during night sleep were investigated. Twenty-four sedentary subjects trained over four weeks two hours per week at an average running intensity of 76+/-4% of their heart rate reserve. The R to R ECG-intervals were recorded and heart rate variability indices including high frequency power (HFP) were calculated for the nights following the training days every week. The subjects were divided into responders and non-responders according to the improvements in the maximal velocity of the incremental treadmill test (v(max)). The responders improved their v(max) by 10.9+/-46 % (p &lt; 0.001) while no changes were observed in the non-responders (1.6+/-3.0%), although there were no differences in any training load variables between the groups. In the responders nocturnal HFP was significantly higher during the fourth training week compared to the first training week (p=0.036). Furthermore, a significant correlation was observed between the change in v(max) and the change in nocturnal HFP (r=0.482, p=0.042). It was concluded that after similar training, an increase in cardiac vagal modulation was related to improved v(max) in the sedentary subjects.

Research paper thumbnail of THE EFFECTS OF INCREASED TRAINING VOLUME ON HEART RATE VARIABILITY AMONG YOUNG ENDURANCE ATHLETES

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2002

Research paper thumbnail of PRE-PREDICTION OF EPOC

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2003

At present, there are no useful methods for monitoring fatigue accumulation during training exerc... more At present, there are no useful methods for monitoring fatigue accumulation during training exercises. Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC) is the greater the more exhausting the exercise.

Research paper thumbnail of The incidence of stress symptoms and heart rate variability during sleep and orthostatic test

European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2011

This study examined the relation of self-reported stress to cardiac autonomic modulation in real-... more This study examined the relation of self-reported stress to cardiac autonomic modulation in real-life conditions. The participants for the study were healthy male (N = 59) and female (N = 40) employees (age 40 ± 10 years). A single-item question and a 14-item questionnaire on perceived stress were administered to the participants before the experimental night. RR-intervals (RRI) were recorded during night sleep and an orthostatic test after awakening at home. The RRI data were analyzed for heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) in time and frequency domains. Nocturnal urinary stress hormone (cortisol, adrenal and noradrenal) secretion was also analyzed. Based on the self-reported stress, the participants were divided into either low or high stress group. The results showed that higher incidence of stress symptoms was significantly associated with lower HRV in the orthostatic test regardless of age and gender. Differences between the stress groups in HRV indices were approximately 20-50 and 30-75% in supine and standing positions, respectively. No difference was found in nocturnal HR, HRV, or stress hormone secretion between the stress groups. Higher incidence of stress symptoms was significantly associated with greater decrease of HRV from night sleep to the orthostatic test, as a response to awakening. In conclusion, the present findings support the view that autonomic modulation measured in the orthostatic test, but not during night sleep, is related to self-reported stress.