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Papers by EKO SUPRIYANTO TNCPI

2014 IEEE Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Sciences (IECBES), 2014

Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder that requires lifelong disease management and therefor... more Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder that requires lifelong disease management and therefore poses a pecuniary challenge in public health management in Malaysia. Constant monitoring of patients throughout their life requires novel adaptation of new technologies to enhance the effectiveness and success of the complex disease treatment regimen. In this paper we present a prototype mobile health (mHealth) application that will assist patients, care workers and medical practitioners in administering thalassemia disease management. The ubiquity and proximity of smartphones as a personal device will allow it to take up an assistive role in the management process. The user requirement analysis revealed that not all of the disease's information is available for stakeholders are suitable for the application and the alert function that works both ways between the patient and doctor is desirable. Operational limitations such as patient confidentiality, minor (underage) patients and analogous legacy registry has to be taken into account. The development of this prototype is the first for thalassemia and the finding of this study will assist future developers embarking on designing blood related disease management applications which share a similar process flow and data requirements.

2014 IEEE Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Sciences (IECBES), 2014

Magnetorelaxometry imaging of magnetic nanoparticles is a promising technique for detecting the d... more Magnetorelaxometry imaging of magnetic nanoparticles is a promising technique for detecting the distribution of these particles in order to monitor novel cancer therapy approaches. The imaging is based on the reconstruction of the particle distribution from signals measured with several SQUID sensors. For a practical application, suitable configurations of the sensor and excitation setup need to be defined. In this paper, the influence of the excitation coil configuration on the imaging quality is investigated in simulation studies. In this respect, the number, diameter, arrangement, and shape of the coils are regarded. The results show that increasing the number of coils will improve the reconstruction result. Simulations with different coil diameters show an improvement with smaller coil diameters. Our simulations reveal a minor influence of the arrangement and the shape of the coils.

2014 IEEE Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Sciences (IECBES), 2014

Fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy (FLIO) is a new imaging technique for measuring the ... more Fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy (FLIO) is a new imaging technique for measuring the time-resolved in vivo autofluorescence generated by endogenous fluorophores in the ocular fundus. The aim is to assess the metabolism of the retina. Based on the fluorescence lifetime, different fluorescent compounds in the eye can be distinguished. There are a number of different approaches available to approximate the fluorescence lifetime in the time-resolved fluorescence data, such as the widely used multi-exponential approach. In this work, the stretched exponential approach is analyzed for applicability to FLIO data. Therefore, one, two and three fluorophores are simulated with different numbers of photons. Data sets with the following numbers of photons have been simulated: 5,000; 10,000; 25,000; 50,000 and 500,000. The software FLIMX (available at http://www.flimx.de) is utilized to determine the fluorescence lifetimes using the multi-exponential model and the stretched exponential model. The stretched exponential method is well suited to describe the fluorescence signals with one or two exponentials and less suited for three exponentials. Furthermore data from a healthy volunteer is analyzed with both approaches. Despite the simulation results, stretched exponential models seem to be applicable to time-resolved fluorescence data from the human fundus.

PLOS ONE, 2016

In heterogeneous wireless networks, wireless local area network (WLAN) is highly preferred by mob... more In heterogeneous wireless networks, wireless local area network (WLAN) is highly preferred by mobile terminals (MTs) owing to its high transmission bandwidth and low access cost. However, in high-speed environment, handover from a cellular network to a WLAN cell will lead to a high number of handover failures and unnecessary handovers due to the WLAN coverage limitation and will become worse at high speed. A new vertical handover method is proposed to minimize the probability of handover failure and unnecessary handover while maximizing the usage of WLAN in high-speed environment. The simulation results show that the proposed method kept the probability of handover failure and unnecessary handover below 0.5% and 1%, respectively. Compared with previous studies, the proposed method reduced the number of handover failures and unnecessary handovers up to 80.0% and 97.7%, respectively, while the MT is highly mobile. Using the proposed prediction method, the MT can benefit high bandwidth and low network access cost from the WLAN with minimum interruption regardless of speed.

PLOS ONE, 2016

Scurrula ferruginea (Jack) Danser is one of the mistletoe species belonging to Loranthaceae famil... more Scurrula ferruginea (Jack) Danser is one of the mistletoe species belonging to Loranthaceae family, which grows on the branches of many deciduous trees in tropical countries. This study evaluated the antioxidant activities of S. ferruginea extracts. The cytotoxic activity of the selected extracts, which showed potent antioxidant activities, and high phenolic and flavonoid contents, were investigated in human breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) and non-cancer human skin fibroblast cells (HSF-1184). The activities and characteristics varied depending on the different parts of S. ferruginea, solvent polarity, and concentrations of extracts. The stem methanol extract showed the highest amount of both phenolic (273.51 ± 4.84 mg gallic acid/g extract) and flavonoid contents (163.41 ± 4.62 mg catechin/g extract)

Proceedings of the 15th Wseas International Conference on Computers, Jul 15, 2011

Myofascial Pain Syndrome is a form of chronic muscle pain centered on sensitive points in muscles... more Myofascial Pain Syndrome is a form of chronic muscle pain centered on sensitive points in muscles called trigger points. These points are painful when pressure is applied on them and can produce referred pain, referred tenderness, motor dysfunction and autonomic phenomena. Currently, the location of trigger point is mostly determined through physical examination by clinicians, which is considered unreliable due to the dependency on the clinician's discretion. This study had developed a system that quantifies the location of trigger point using ultrasound images to detect the presence of trigger point. Normal muscle and muscle with trigger point shown morphological difference in ultrasound images, in which, is accentuated through image processing and pattern recognition. Statistical properties of the final signal output were analyzed to determine the most optimum value used for classification. Two parameters were calculated which are the mean and the standard deviation. Upon observation, the value of standard deviation can be used in setting the threshold value for the classifier to differentiate between normal muscle and muscle with trigger point. Based on the results, classifier can be set between 9 to 12 for DUS 100 and 13 to 19 for Aplio MX in order to successfully classify the images. System performance testing shows that this system has high accuracy when detection was performed with the current collection of sample images. Keywords-moving average filter, myofascial, trigger points, ultrasound. I. INTRODUCTION URRENTLY, about 85 percent of the general population is in some way affected by musculoskeletal pain, and one of the frequent syndromes that affect millions of people is myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) [1]. Myofascial pain

World Journal of Gastroenterology, 2016

AIM: To investigate the inhibitory action of diet-derived phenolic compound gallic acid (GA) agai... more AIM: To investigate the inhibitory action of diet-derived phenolic compound gallic acid (GA) against HCT-15 colon cancer cells. METHODS: The antiproliferative effect of GA against colon cancer cells was determined by performing thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The colony forming ability of GA treated colon cancer cells was evaluated using the colony forming assay. The cell cycle changes induced by GA in HCT-15 cells were analyzed by propidium iodide staining. Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential of HCT-15 exposed to GA was assessed using 2',7'-dichlorfluorescein-diacetate and rhodamine-123 respectively, with the help of flow cytometry. Morphological changes caused by GA treatment in the colon cancer cells were identified by scanning electron microscope and photomicrograph examination. Apoptosis was confirmed using flow cytometric analysis of GA treated HCT-15 cells after staining with Yo-Pro-1. RESULTS: MTT assay results illustrated that GA has an inhibitory effect on HCT-15 cells with IC50 value of 740 µmol/L. A time-dependent inhibition of colony formation was evident with GA treatment. Cell cycle arrest was evident from the accumulation of GA treated HCT-15 cells at sub-G1 phase (0.98 ± 1.03 vs 58.01 ± 2.05)

Proceedings of the 15th Wseas International Conference on Computers, Jul 15, 2011

Prostate is a gland of male reproductive system to store semen. The prostate cancer is prevalent ... more Prostate is a gland of male reproductive system to store semen. The prostate cancer is prevalent among the male which may cause mortality. It is usually unpredictable in the clinical course as the prostate cancer mostly slows grow and do not manifest in the early stage. Recent imaging technique is usually focused on the local or regional imaging so that the tumor can be more precisely identified. The measurement of tumor size can be used to inspect the progress of the severity. Gamma imaging that employs the radiotracer is widely used in the imaging of prostate cancer. However, the imaging technique is still unable to show clearly the edge of the tumor where it may cause wrong diagnosis and wrong measurement of the tumor size. Therefore, in order to increase the image quality, Gabor filter is used to reduce the noise of the image and to smooth the image. Segmentation with region growing method will be implemented to subdivide the image into the region of interest (tumor) to facilitate the radiologist in identifying and measuring the tumor size to make a more precise decision in provision of appropriate therapy. This technique is verified by five other images with prostate cancer from different modalities in radiology. The results show that the tumor can be accurately partitioned alone from the surrounding normal tissues by varying the intensity range. However, there are some cases cannot really isolate the tumor alone but it still can show clearly the tumor shape and edge. Hence, it can be concluded that this technique is valid to be applied in the clinical field to assist in the interpretation process.

RSC Advances, 2016

The effect of the ethanol and aqueous extracts of Cervicare™, a poly-herbal preparation comprised... more The effect of the ethanol and aqueous extracts of Cervicare™, a poly-herbal preparation comprised of the combination of 6 plants, on cell proliferation and apoptosis using cervical cancer HeLa and CaSki cells was investigated for the first time in the present study.

Telkomnika, Mar 1, 2014

Telemedicine promises a great opportunity for health care service improvement. However, it has se... more Telemedicine promises a great opportunity for health care service improvement. However, it has several issues for its implementation in certain area. They include communication service quality, infrastructure and operational cost. Since Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) is designed to reduce the infrastructure cost and operational cost, an investigation of network performance for implementation of telemedicine is required. In this paper, a simulation to investigate the wireless mesh network quality of service. Using network simulator 2, The QoS performance analysis was performed in different routing protocol scenarios of proposed system. It showed that OLSR protocol for Mesh Network maintained the time transfer of the EPT data. The field testing of the proposed system to measure the distance with various time has already been done. The infrastructure has been also implemented using low cost 5.8 GHz transceiver for backhauls and low cost 2.4 GHz transceiver for clients. Test result shows that the low cost telemedicine system is able to do real time communication between patient and medical staff with medical data rate up to 2 Mbps. It shows that telemonitoring system using wireless mesh network can give a low cost application in emergency time with acceptable medical data transfer quality.

Journal of Food Biochemistry, 2016

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Among them, colorectal cancer is linked w... more Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Among them, colorectal cancer is linked with diet as the epithelial cells of colon and rectum come in direct contact with diet. Diets rich in phenolic constituents are associated in eradicating various noncommunicable diseases including cancer. This work illustrates antiproliferative effects of honey and its phytochemicals against colorectal cancer to limelight. Honey and its phytochemicals are found to inhibit the cancer growth. Changes like activation of caspase-3, caspase-8, polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase cleavage, boost in ROS level activating mitochondrial pathway, lipid layer breakage, DNA fragmentation, increase of G0/G1 phase cells, up-regulation of Bax regulators and p53 dependent apoptosis are significant. It is high time for scientists to initiate more trails using honey and its phytochemicals against some immune-deficient animal models of colon cancer and in low-and high-risk human individuals to validate honey as a mighty sword against colon cancer. This review promulgates honey and its phytochemicals as candidates in colon cancer prevention. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Colon cancer is the third largest cause of cancer death worldwide. The standard chemotherapeutic agents are usually noneffective in the latter stages of cancer. As colorectal cancer is more prone to the diet consumed, scientists have explored many dietary compounds to treat this particular type of cancer. In our review, we highlight the effect of honey and its phenolic constituents against the colon cancer cells. Various, in vitro experiments done are enlisted. This review also emphasis the need of numerous studies that are needed to be initiated to explore the anticancer effect of crude honey specifically. As honey is one of the ingredients used in daily life, honey can also be used in chemoprevention against colon cancer.

Ultrasound scanning system is a non ionizing technique for breast mammography. Unfortunately, ult... more Ultrasound scanning system is a non ionizing technique for breast mammography. Unfortunately, ultrasound has not approved by FDA as a screening tool yet due to the lack of spatial resolution and high operator dependent. Therefore, the quality of imaging depends on the operator technique and experience. The purpose of this project is to develop an automated 2D motion system for ultrasound scanning designed for breast cancer patient. The scanning was performed by automated movement of a transducer during image acquisition. Therefore, the automated motion system needs a very high precision of position control system which integrated with a microcontroller and two appropriate distance sensors on each axis. Besides, graphical user interface has been designed to interface between the microcontroller and personal computer. The control method for the automated motion system can achieve a resolution of 2mm. This is used to replace the conventional handholding ultrasound probe and to increase the spatial resolution of ultrasound.

Ultrasound imaging has been widely used as the primary screening of the kidney as it is non-invas... more Ultrasound imaging has been widely used as the primary screening of the kidney as it is non-invasive and affordable. Ultrasound can be used to measure the size and appearance of the kidneys and to detect tumors, congenital anomalies, swelling and blockage of urine flow. However, this scanning procedure is a time taking method because of the ultrasound image is full of speckle noise. Thus, the user eventually notices that it is hard to detect the boundary of the kidney in the US image, even it's done by the trained sonographers. In addition, human error might occur during the interpretation of ultrasound image by untrained sonographer, especially when taking measurement. Therefore, in order to reduce the dependability to the sonographers' expertise, some image processing can be done which can automatically detect the centroid of human kidney. The software was developed using MATLAB consist of speckle noise reduction, Gaussian filter, texture filter and morphological operators which were used for image segmentation in order to extract important features. For the result, median filter has been chosen as speckle noise reduction techniques as it is faster and detect kidney centroid better compared to wiener filter, wavelet filter and speckle noise anistrophic diffusion (SRAD) filter. This software can achieve until 96.43% of accuracy in detecting the centroid. The detected centroid can be implemented in the existing ultrasound machine that will be used as segmentation tool to reduce human errors and time. Keywords-kidney, ultrasound, texture, morphological, Gaussian I. INTRODUCTION UMAN kidneys can be evaluated by many imaging modalities such as ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), plain radiographs (x-rays), intravenous urography (IVU), computerized tomography (CT), and angiography [1-3]. These imaging techniques are important for the medical practitioners to determine the health of the kidneys and also to visualize any abnormalities present in the kidneys. IVU can be used in measuring kidney size and shape Manuscript received August 21, 2011.

Biomed Research International, May 15, 2014

Blood compatibility of metallocene polyethylene (mPE) was investigated after modifying the surfac... more Blood compatibility of metallocene polyethylene (mPE) was investigated after modifying the surface using hydrochloric acid. Contact angle of the mPE exposed to HCl poses a decrease in its value which indicates increasing wettability and better blood compatibility. Surface of mPE analyzed by using FTIR revealed no significant changes in its functional groups after treatment. Furthermore, scanning electron microscope images supported the increasing wettability through the modifications like pit formations and etching on the acid rendered surface. To evaluate the effect of acid treatment on the coagulation cascade, prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were measured. Both PT and APTT were delayed significantly (< 0.05) after 60 min exposure implying improved blood compatibility of the surfaces. Hemolysis assay of the treated surface showed a remarkable decrease in the percentage of lysis of red blood cells when compared with untreated surface. Moreover, platelet adhesion assay demonstrated that HCl exposed surfaces deter the attachment of platelets and thereby reduce the chances of activation of blood coagulation cascade. These results confirmed the enhanced blood compatibility of mPE after HCl exposure which can be utilized for cardiovascular implants like artificial vascular prostheses, implants, and various blood contacting devices.

Wseas Transactions on Information Science and Applications, Aug 1, 2010

Ultrasound screening is performed during early pregnancy for assessment of fetal viability and pr... more Ultrasound screening is performed during early pregnancy for assessment of fetal viability and prenatal diagnosis of fetal chromosomal anomalies including measurement of nuchal translucency (NT) thickness. The drawback of current NT measurement technique is restricted with inter and intra-observer variability and inconsistency of results. Hence, we present an automated detection and measurement method for NT in this study. Artificial neural network was trained to locate the region of interest (ROI) that contains NT. The accuracy of the trained network was achieved at least 93.33 percent which promise an efficient method to recognize NT automatically. Border of NT layer was detected through automatic computerized algorithm to find the optimum thickness of the windowed region. Local measurements of intensity, edge strength and continuity were extracted and became the weighted terms for thickness calculation. Finding showed that this method is able to provide consistent and more objective results.

Praised be to Allah, Who has granted me the strength and faith in completing this research. Peace... more Praised be to Allah, Who has granted me the strength and faith in completing this research. Peace and blessing of Allah are due to His Messenger, the prophet Muhammad and his family. First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to the following organization and people who has helped me so much in completing this research: Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia for awarding me the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS), without which this expansion of knowledge in the field of medical imaging cannot be conducted. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia especially Research Management Center for their assistance in managing and monitoring the progress of this research grant. Animal Ethics Committee, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia for allowing this research to register for animal ethics approval. My Co-researchers, who have dedicated their knowledge and expertise in the accomplishment of this research. My research assistants and students for their help in literature study, experimental setup, data collection, analysis, and finally the writing stage. Most importantly, my parents and my family for their countless loves, strong faith, prayers, encouragement and never ending support to me. I am deeply indebted to all the personal sacrifications and sincerity that I could never repay. This report is dedicated in remembering the hard works of everybody in making this research meaningful.

2014 IEEE Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Sciences (IECBES), 2014

Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder that requires lifelong disease management and therefor... more Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder that requires lifelong disease management and therefore poses a pecuniary challenge in public health management in Malaysia. Constant monitoring of patients throughout their life requires novel adaptation of new technologies to enhance the effectiveness and success of the complex disease treatment regimen. In this paper we present a prototype mobile health (mHealth) application that will assist patients, care workers and medical practitioners in administering thalassemia disease management. The ubiquity and proximity of smartphones as a personal device will allow it to take up an assistive role in the management process. The user requirement analysis revealed that not all of the disease's information is available for stakeholders are suitable for the application and the alert function that works both ways between the patient and doctor is desirable. Operational limitations such as patient confidentiality, minor (underage) patients and analogous legacy registry has to be taken into account. The development of this prototype is the first for thalassemia and the finding of this study will assist future developers embarking on designing blood related disease management applications which share a similar process flow and data requirements.

2014 IEEE Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Sciences (IECBES), 2014

Magnetorelaxometry imaging of magnetic nanoparticles is a promising technique for detecting the d... more Magnetorelaxometry imaging of magnetic nanoparticles is a promising technique for detecting the distribution of these particles in order to monitor novel cancer therapy approaches. The imaging is based on the reconstruction of the particle distribution from signals measured with several SQUID sensors. For a practical application, suitable configurations of the sensor and excitation setup need to be defined. In this paper, the influence of the excitation coil configuration on the imaging quality is investigated in simulation studies. In this respect, the number, diameter, arrangement, and shape of the coils are regarded. The results show that increasing the number of coils will improve the reconstruction result. Simulations with different coil diameters show an improvement with smaller coil diameters. Our simulations reveal a minor influence of the arrangement and the shape of the coils.

2014 IEEE Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Sciences (IECBES), 2014

Fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy (FLIO) is a new imaging technique for measuring the ... more Fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy (FLIO) is a new imaging technique for measuring the time-resolved in vivo autofluorescence generated by endogenous fluorophores in the ocular fundus. The aim is to assess the metabolism of the retina. Based on the fluorescence lifetime, different fluorescent compounds in the eye can be distinguished. There are a number of different approaches available to approximate the fluorescence lifetime in the time-resolved fluorescence data, such as the widely used multi-exponential approach. In this work, the stretched exponential approach is analyzed for applicability to FLIO data. Therefore, one, two and three fluorophores are simulated with different numbers of photons. Data sets with the following numbers of photons have been simulated: 5,000; 10,000; 25,000; 50,000 and 500,000. The software FLIMX (available at http://www.flimx.de) is utilized to determine the fluorescence lifetimes using the multi-exponential model and the stretched exponential model. The stretched exponential method is well suited to describe the fluorescence signals with one or two exponentials and less suited for three exponentials. Furthermore data from a healthy volunteer is analyzed with both approaches. Despite the simulation results, stretched exponential models seem to be applicable to time-resolved fluorescence data from the human fundus.

PLOS ONE, 2016

In heterogeneous wireless networks, wireless local area network (WLAN) is highly preferred by mob... more In heterogeneous wireless networks, wireless local area network (WLAN) is highly preferred by mobile terminals (MTs) owing to its high transmission bandwidth and low access cost. However, in high-speed environment, handover from a cellular network to a WLAN cell will lead to a high number of handover failures and unnecessary handovers due to the WLAN coverage limitation and will become worse at high speed. A new vertical handover method is proposed to minimize the probability of handover failure and unnecessary handover while maximizing the usage of WLAN in high-speed environment. The simulation results show that the proposed method kept the probability of handover failure and unnecessary handover below 0.5% and 1%, respectively. Compared with previous studies, the proposed method reduced the number of handover failures and unnecessary handovers up to 80.0% and 97.7%, respectively, while the MT is highly mobile. Using the proposed prediction method, the MT can benefit high bandwidth and low network access cost from the WLAN with minimum interruption regardless of speed.

PLOS ONE, 2016

Scurrula ferruginea (Jack) Danser is one of the mistletoe species belonging to Loranthaceae famil... more Scurrula ferruginea (Jack) Danser is one of the mistletoe species belonging to Loranthaceae family, which grows on the branches of many deciduous trees in tropical countries. This study evaluated the antioxidant activities of S. ferruginea extracts. The cytotoxic activity of the selected extracts, which showed potent antioxidant activities, and high phenolic and flavonoid contents, were investigated in human breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) and non-cancer human skin fibroblast cells (HSF-1184). The activities and characteristics varied depending on the different parts of S. ferruginea, solvent polarity, and concentrations of extracts. The stem methanol extract showed the highest amount of both phenolic (273.51 ± 4.84 mg gallic acid/g extract) and flavonoid contents (163.41 ± 4.62 mg catechin/g extract)

Proceedings of the 15th Wseas International Conference on Computers, Jul 15, 2011

Myofascial Pain Syndrome is a form of chronic muscle pain centered on sensitive points in muscles... more Myofascial Pain Syndrome is a form of chronic muscle pain centered on sensitive points in muscles called trigger points. These points are painful when pressure is applied on them and can produce referred pain, referred tenderness, motor dysfunction and autonomic phenomena. Currently, the location of trigger point is mostly determined through physical examination by clinicians, which is considered unreliable due to the dependency on the clinician's discretion. This study had developed a system that quantifies the location of trigger point using ultrasound images to detect the presence of trigger point. Normal muscle and muscle with trigger point shown morphological difference in ultrasound images, in which, is accentuated through image processing and pattern recognition. Statistical properties of the final signal output were analyzed to determine the most optimum value used for classification. Two parameters were calculated which are the mean and the standard deviation. Upon observation, the value of standard deviation can be used in setting the threshold value for the classifier to differentiate between normal muscle and muscle with trigger point. Based on the results, classifier can be set between 9 to 12 for DUS 100 and 13 to 19 for Aplio MX in order to successfully classify the images. System performance testing shows that this system has high accuracy when detection was performed with the current collection of sample images. Keywords-moving average filter, myofascial, trigger points, ultrasound. I. INTRODUCTION URRENTLY, about 85 percent of the general population is in some way affected by musculoskeletal pain, and one of the frequent syndromes that affect millions of people is myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) [1]. Myofascial pain

World Journal of Gastroenterology, 2016

AIM: To investigate the inhibitory action of diet-derived phenolic compound gallic acid (GA) agai... more AIM: To investigate the inhibitory action of diet-derived phenolic compound gallic acid (GA) against HCT-15 colon cancer cells. METHODS: The antiproliferative effect of GA against colon cancer cells was determined by performing thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The colony forming ability of GA treated colon cancer cells was evaluated using the colony forming assay. The cell cycle changes induced by GA in HCT-15 cells were analyzed by propidium iodide staining. Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential of HCT-15 exposed to GA was assessed using 2',7'-dichlorfluorescein-diacetate and rhodamine-123 respectively, with the help of flow cytometry. Morphological changes caused by GA treatment in the colon cancer cells were identified by scanning electron microscope and photomicrograph examination. Apoptosis was confirmed using flow cytometric analysis of GA treated HCT-15 cells after staining with Yo-Pro-1. RESULTS: MTT assay results illustrated that GA has an inhibitory effect on HCT-15 cells with IC50 value of 740 µmol/L. A time-dependent inhibition of colony formation was evident with GA treatment. Cell cycle arrest was evident from the accumulation of GA treated HCT-15 cells at sub-G1 phase (0.98 ± 1.03 vs 58.01 ± 2.05)

Proceedings of the 15th Wseas International Conference on Computers, Jul 15, 2011

Prostate is a gland of male reproductive system to store semen. The prostate cancer is prevalent ... more Prostate is a gland of male reproductive system to store semen. The prostate cancer is prevalent among the male which may cause mortality. It is usually unpredictable in the clinical course as the prostate cancer mostly slows grow and do not manifest in the early stage. Recent imaging technique is usually focused on the local or regional imaging so that the tumor can be more precisely identified. The measurement of tumor size can be used to inspect the progress of the severity. Gamma imaging that employs the radiotracer is widely used in the imaging of prostate cancer. However, the imaging technique is still unable to show clearly the edge of the tumor where it may cause wrong diagnosis and wrong measurement of the tumor size. Therefore, in order to increase the image quality, Gabor filter is used to reduce the noise of the image and to smooth the image. Segmentation with region growing method will be implemented to subdivide the image into the region of interest (tumor) to facilitate the radiologist in identifying and measuring the tumor size to make a more precise decision in provision of appropriate therapy. This technique is verified by five other images with prostate cancer from different modalities in radiology. The results show that the tumor can be accurately partitioned alone from the surrounding normal tissues by varying the intensity range. However, there are some cases cannot really isolate the tumor alone but it still can show clearly the tumor shape and edge. Hence, it can be concluded that this technique is valid to be applied in the clinical field to assist in the interpretation process.

RSC Advances, 2016

The effect of the ethanol and aqueous extracts of Cervicare™, a poly-herbal preparation comprised... more The effect of the ethanol and aqueous extracts of Cervicare™, a poly-herbal preparation comprised of the combination of 6 plants, on cell proliferation and apoptosis using cervical cancer HeLa and CaSki cells was investigated for the first time in the present study.

Telkomnika, Mar 1, 2014

Telemedicine promises a great opportunity for health care service improvement. However, it has se... more Telemedicine promises a great opportunity for health care service improvement. However, it has several issues for its implementation in certain area. They include communication service quality, infrastructure and operational cost. Since Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) is designed to reduce the infrastructure cost and operational cost, an investigation of network performance for implementation of telemedicine is required. In this paper, a simulation to investigate the wireless mesh network quality of service. Using network simulator 2, The QoS performance analysis was performed in different routing protocol scenarios of proposed system. It showed that OLSR protocol for Mesh Network maintained the time transfer of the EPT data. The field testing of the proposed system to measure the distance with various time has already been done. The infrastructure has been also implemented using low cost 5.8 GHz transceiver for backhauls and low cost 2.4 GHz transceiver for clients. Test result shows that the low cost telemedicine system is able to do real time communication between patient and medical staff with medical data rate up to 2 Mbps. It shows that telemonitoring system using wireless mesh network can give a low cost application in emergency time with acceptable medical data transfer quality.

Journal of Food Biochemistry, 2016

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Among them, colorectal cancer is linked w... more Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Among them, colorectal cancer is linked with diet as the epithelial cells of colon and rectum come in direct contact with diet. Diets rich in phenolic constituents are associated in eradicating various noncommunicable diseases including cancer. This work illustrates antiproliferative effects of honey and its phytochemicals against colorectal cancer to limelight. Honey and its phytochemicals are found to inhibit the cancer growth. Changes like activation of caspase-3, caspase-8, polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase cleavage, boost in ROS level activating mitochondrial pathway, lipid layer breakage, DNA fragmentation, increase of G0/G1 phase cells, up-regulation of Bax regulators and p53 dependent apoptosis are significant. It is high time for scientists to initiate more trails using honey and its phytochemicals against some immune-deficient animal models of colon cancer and in low-and high-risk human individuals to validate honey as a mighty sword against colon cancer. This review promulgates honey and its phytochemicals as candidates in colon cancer prevention. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Colon cancer is the third largest cause of cancer death worldwide. The standard chemotherapeutic agents are usually noneffective in the latter stages of cancer. As colorectal cancer is more prone to the diet consumed, scientists have explored many dietary compounds to treat this particular type of cancer. In our review, we highlight the effect of honey and its phenolic constituents against the colon cancer cells. Various, in vitro experiments done are enlisted. This review also emphasis the need of numerous studies that are needed to be initiated to explore the anticancer effect of crude honey specifically. As honey is one of the ingredients used in daily life, honey can also be used in chemoprevention against colon cancer.

Ultrasound scanning system is a non ionizing technique for breast mammography. Unfortunately, ult... more Ultrasound scanning system is a non ionizing technique for breast mammography. Unfortunately, ultrasound has not approved by FDA as a screening tool yet due to the lack of spatial resolution and high operator dependent. Therefore, the quality of imaging depends on the operator technique and experience. The purpose of this project is to develop an automated 2D motion system for ultrasound scanning designed for breast cancer patient. The scanning was performed by automated movement of a transducer during image acquisition. Therefore, the automated motion system needs a very high precision of position control system which integrated with a microcontroller and two appropriate distance sensors on each axis. Besides, graphical user interface has been designed to interface between the microcontroller and personal computer. The control method for the automated motion system can achieve a resolution of 2mm. This is used to replace the conventional handholding ultrasound probe and to increase the spatial resolution of ultrasound.

Ultrasound imaging has been widely used as the primary screening of the kidney as it is non-invas... more Ultrasound imaging has been widely used as the primary screening of the kidney as it is non-invasive and affordable. Ultrasound can be used to measure the size and appearance of the kidneys and to detect tumors, congenital anomalies, swelling and blockage of urine flow. However, this scanning procedure is a time taking method because of the ultrasound image is full of speckle noise. Thus, the user eventually notices that it is hard to detect the boundary of the kidney in the US image, even it's done by the trained sonographers. In addition, human error might occur during the interpretation of ultrasound image by untrained sonographer, especially when taking measurement. Therefore, in order to reduce the dependability to the sonographers' expertise, some image processing can be done which can automatically detect the centroid of human kidney. The software was developed using MATLAB consist of speckle noise reduction, Gaussian filter, texture filter and morphological operators which were used for image segmentation in order to extract important features. For the result, median filter has been chosen as speckle noise reduction techniques as it is faster and detect kidney centroid better compared to wiener filter, wavelet filter and speckle noise anistrophic diffusion (SRAD) filter. This software can achieve until 96.43% of accuracy in detecting the centroid. The detected centroid can be implemented in the existing ultrasound machine that will be used as segmentation tool to reduce human errors and time. Keywords-kidney, ultrasound, texture, morphological, Gaussian I. INTRODUCTION UMAN kidneys can be evaluated by many imaging modalities such as ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), plain radiographs (x-rays), intravenous urography (IVU), computerized tomography (CT), and angiography [1-3]. These imaging techniques are important for the medical practitioners to determine the health of the kidneys and also to visualize any abnormalities present in the kidneys. IVU can be used in measuring kidney size and shape Manuscript received August 21, 2011.

Biomed Research International, May 15, 2014

Blood compatibility of metallocene polyethylene (mPE) was investigated after modifying the surfac... more Blood compatibility of metallocene polyethylene (mPE) was investigated after modifying the surface using hydrochloric acid. Contact angle of the mPE exposed to HCl poses a decrease in its value which indicates increasing wettability and better blood compatibility. Surface of mPE analyzed by using FTIR revealed no significant changes in its functional groups after treatment. Furthermore, scanning electron microscope images supported the increasing wettability through the modifications like pit formations and etching on the acid rendered surface. To evaluate the effect of acid treatment on the coagulation cascade, prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were measured. Both PT and APTT were delayed significantly (< 0.05) after 60 min exposure implying improved blood compatibility of the surfaces. Hemolysis assay of the treated surface showed a remarkable decrease in the percentage of lysis of red blood cells when compared with untreated surface. Moreover, platelet adhesion assay demonstrated that HCl exposed surfaces deter the attachment of platelets and thereby reduce the chances of activation of blood coagulation cascade. These results confirmed the enhanced blood compatibility of mPE after HCl exposure which can be utilized for cardiovascular implants like artificial vascular prostheses, implants, and various blood contacting devices.

Wseas Transactions on Information Science and Applications, Aug 1, 2010

Ultrasound screening is performed during early pregnancy for assessment of fetal viability and pr... more Ultrasound screening is performed during early pregnancy for assessment of fetal viability and prenatal diagnosis of fetal chromosomal anomalies including measurement of nuchal translucency (NT) thickness. The drawback of current NT measurement technique is restricted with inter and intra-observer variability and inconsistency of results. Hence, we present an automated detection and measurement method for NT in this study. Artificial neural network was trained to locate the region of interest (ROI) that contains NT. The accuracy of the trained network was achieved at least 93.33 percent which promise an efficient method to recognize NT automatically. Border of NT layer was detected through automatic computerized algorithm to find the optimum thickness of the windowed region. Local measurements of intensity, edge strength and continuity were extracted and became the weighted terms for thickness calculation. Finding showed that this method is able to provide consistent and more objective results.

Praised be to Allah, Who has granted me the strength and faith in completing this research. Peace... more Praised be to Allah, Who has granted me the strength and faith in completing this research. Peace and blessing of Allah are due to His Messenger, the prophet Muhammad and his family. First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to the following organization and people who has helped me so much in completing this research: Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia for awarding me the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS), without which this expansion of knowledge in the field of medical imaging cannot be conducted. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia especially Research Management Center for their assistance in managing and monitoring the progress of this research grant. Animal Ethics Committee, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia for allowing this research to register for animal ethics approval. My Co-researchers, who have dedicated their knowledge and expertise in the accomplishment of this research. My research assistants and students for their help in literature study, experimental setup, data collection, analysis, and finally the writing stage. Most importantly, my parents and my family for their countless loves, strong faith, prayers, encouragement and never ending support to me. I am deeply indebted to all the personal sacrifications and sincerity that I could never repay. This report is dedicated in remembering the hard works of everybody in making this research meaningful.