ELHAM SAVADI-SHIRAZ - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by ELHAM SAVADI-SHIRAZ

Western Institute of Technology at Taranaki (WITT) Library, Feb 23, 2014

Journal of reproduction & infertility, 2012

Recurrent pregnancy loss is (RPL) a heterogeneous condition. While the role of acquired thromboph... more Recurrent pregnancy loss is (RPL) a heterogeneous condition. While the role of acquired thrombophilia has been accepted as an etiology for RPL, the contribution of specific inherited thrombophilic gene polymorphisms to the disorder has been remained controversial. One hundred women with a history of two or more consecutive abortions and 100 women with at least two live births and no miscarriages were included in the study and evaluated for the presence of 11 thrombophilic gene polymorphisms (Factor V LEIDEN, Factor V 4070 A/G, Factor V 5279 A/G, Factor XIII 103 G/T, Factor XIII 614 A/T, Factor XIII 1694 C/T, PAI-1 -675 4G/5G, ITGB3 1565 T/C, β-Fibrinogen -455G/A, MTHFR 677 C/T, MTHFR 1298 A/C) using PCR-RFLP technique. The data were statistically analyzed using Mann-Whitney test and logistic regression model. There was no relation between factor XIII 103G/T gene polymorphism with increased risk of RPL. However, the other 10 gene polymorphisms were found to be associated with increas...

Background: The human seminal fluid is a complex body fluid. It is not known how many proteins ar... more Background: The human seminal fluid is a complex body fluid. It is not known how many proteins are expressed in the seminal plasma; however in analog with the blood it is possible up to 10,000 proteins are expressed in the seminal plasma. The human seminal fluid is a rich source of potential biomarkers for male infertility and reproduction disorder. Methods: In this review, the ongoing list of proteins identified from the human sem-inal fluid was collected. To date, 4188 redundant proteins of the seminal fluid are identified using different proteomics technology, including 2-DE, SDS-PAGE-LC-MS/MS, MudPIT. However, this was reduced to a database of 2168 non-redundant protein using UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot reviewed database. Results: The core concept of proteome were analyzed including pI, MW, Amino Acids, Chromosome and PTM distribution in the human seminal plasma proteome. Additionally, the biological process, molecular function and KEGG pathway were investigated using DAVID software. F...

The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research, Jan 14, 2015

Successful pregnancy requires balanced regulation of immune cells at the feto-maternal interface.... more Successful pregnancy requires balanced regulation of immune cells at the feto-maternal interface. Systemic monitoring of the immune system cannot precisely outline local immune status in the uterus. In this survey, endometrial immune milieu was investigated using a non-invasive method of analysis of menstrual blood (MB). The results were compared with peripheral blood (PB). PB and MB of healthy fertile women (n = 15) were collected simultaneously on the second day of their menstrual cycle. T and natural killer T cell subpopulations were immunophenotyped by flow cytometry. Among examined cell populations, the frequency of CD4 + Foxp3+, CD4 + Foxp3 + CD25-, CD4 + Foxp3 + CD25+ and IL17+ T cells (P = 0.022, 0.028, 0.017 and 0.005, respectively) and TCRαβ+, CD45RO+, CD16-, IFNγ + and IL17+ NKT (CD56 + CD3+) cells (P = 0.010, 0.037, 0.038, 0.015 and 0.021, respectively) were significantly higher in MB compared with PB. Conversely, PB contained a higher percentage of CD16+ T cells (P = 0....

Journal of reproduction & infertility

The human seminal fluid is a complex body fluid. It is not known how many proteins are expressed ... more The human seminal fluid is a complex body fluid. It is not known how many proteins are expressed in the seminal plasma; however in analog with the blood it is possible up to 10,000 proteins are expressed in the seminal plasma. The human seminal fluid is a rich source of potential biomarkers for male infertility and reproduction disorder. In this review, the ongoing list of proteins identified from the human seminal fluid was collected. To date, 4188 redundant proteins of the seminal fluid are identified using different proteomics technology, including 2-DE, SDS-PAGE-LC-MS/MS, MudPIT. However, this was reduced to a database of 2168 non-redundant protein using UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot reviewed database. The core concept of proteome were analyzed including pI, MW, Amino Acids, Chromosome and PTM distribution in the human seminal plasma proteome. Additionally, the biological process, molecular function and KEGG pathway were investigated using DAVID software. Finally, the biomarker identifie...

Journal of reproduction & infertility, 2012

Recurrent pregnancy loss is (RPL) a heterogeneous condition. While the role of acquired thromboph... more Recurrent pregnancy loss is (RPL) a heterogeneous condition. While the role of acquired thrombophilia has been accepted as an etiology for RPL, the contribution of specific inherited thrombophilic gene polymorphisms to the disorder has been remained controversial. One hundred women with a history of two or more consecutive abortions and 100 women with at least two live births and no miscarriages were included in the study and evaluated for the presence of 11 thrombophilic gene polymorphisms (Factor V LEIDEN, Factor V 4070 A/G, Factor V 5279 A/G, Factor XIII 103 G/T, Factor XIII 614 A/T, Factor XIII 1694 C/T, PAI-1 -675 4G/5G, ITGB3 1565 T/C, β-Fibrinogen -455G/A, MTHFR 677 C/T, MTHFR 1298 A/C) using PCR-RFLP technique. The data were statistically analyzed using Mann-Whitney test and logistic regression model. There was no relation between factor XIII 103G/T gene polymorphism with increased risk of RPL. However, the other 10 gene polymorphisms were found to be associated with increas...

Molecular Reproduction and Development, 2015

Molecular Reproduction and Development, 2014

Sperm mRNAs could be used as a predictor of fertilization capacity since the transcriptional prof... more Sperm mRNAs could be used as a predictor of fertilization capacity since the transcriptional profile of a gamete is critical for the production of viable human sperm. The aim of this study was to determine if PRM1, PRM2, and TNP2 transcripts in spermatozoa from normozoospermic and teratozoospermic men correlate with sperm morphology and/or assisted-reproduction outcomes. Human ejaculates were collected from 138 men referred to an infertility clinic, and were separated in two groups, teratozoospermic (n ¼ 72) and normozoospermic (n ¼ 66), based on World Health Organization criteria (2010). Chromomycin A3 and analine blue staining were used to evaluate protamination and chromatin integrity, respectively. Quantitative reversetranscriptase PCR was performed for PRM1, PRM2, and TNP2. This analysis revealed significantly higher PRM1 and PRM2 mRNA copy numbers in normozoospermic versus teratozoospermic samples (P < 0.001). In contrast, TNP2 transcript abundance was significantly higher in teratozoospermic versus normozoospermic samples (P < 0.001) and positively correlated with sperm-head defects (P < 0.05). Sperm-tail defects negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with both PRM1 and PRM2 transcripts in normozoospermic samples. No significant differences were observed between the two groups when comparing transcript levels to the outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles (P > 0.05), and a normal PRM1/PRM2 mRNA ratio ($1) was observed in more than 70% of successful cycles. Thus, the quantity of PRM1, PRM2, and TNP2 transcripts and the PRM1/PRM2 mRNA ratio affect spermiogenesis, sperm morphology, and the function of mature human sperm. These mRNAs could therefore be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis of male infertility.

Laboratory Medicine, 2012

Sperm chromatin is a highly organized structure constituting DNA and heterogeneous nucleoproteins... more Sperm chromatin is a highly organized structure constituting DNA and heterogeneous nucleoproteins. The most abundant positively charged nucleoproteins in mature sperm are protamines, which replace histones in a process involving extensive DNA rearrangement and remodeling during spermatogenesis. 1 Protamines compact sperm chromatin to a greater degree than do histones in somatic cells. The high condensation of sperm chromatin and the insoluble nature of protamines protect the integrity of the paternal genome during transmission of sperm through the male and female reproductive tracts. 2-5 Less compacted regions of chromatin may be more susceptible to DNA damage than are more compacted, protamine-studded regions. 6 It has been demonstrated that the activation of an endogenous endonuclease in murine sperm releases nucleohistones of sperm chromatin, and subsequently this DNA region is more susceptible to damage. 7 Protamines may also play a role in silencing of the paternal genome and the imprinting pattern of the gamete. 8 Abnormities in sperm chromatin packaging are associated with poor fertility of human spermatozoa. 6 However, even though damaged spermic DNA is a cause of male infertility, fertile men also may possess a small portion of spermatozoa with detectable levels of DNA damage. 9-11 Furthermore, protamine deficiency significantly diminishes the fertilizing ability of sperm and the quality of human embryos fertilized with protamine-deficient sperm. 2, 6, 12-14 The effect of sperm protamine deficiency on spermatogenesis may be considered in two distinct contexts. First, decreased protamine expression is relatively common in infertile men, but it is rare in men with proven fertility. 12 Second, many infertile men with protamine ABSTRACT Objective: Protamines cause sperm chromatin to compact and its deficiency is associated with poor fertilizing ability and low quality of spermatozoa. However, the threshold for deficiency has not been well established. The aim of this study was to determine the threshold of sperm protamine content that correlates with diminished sperm quality. Methods: Semen samples were obtained from 238 idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermic (OAT) and 208 normospermic men. Semen was analyzed according to WHO guidelines. Sperm protamine content was assessed by chromomycin A3 (CMA3) staining. Results: The mean level of CMA3 staining was significantly higher in OAT than in men with normal sperm (P<0.001). CMA3 staining correlated negatively with sperm concentration (r=-0.338, P<0.001), motility (r=-0.273, P<0.001), and normal morphology (r=-0.303, P<0.001). Using ROC analysis we showed that 31% of stained sperm represents an appropriate cutoff point for protein deficiency (men with higher than 31% stained sperm are protamine deficient). Conclusions: High odds ratio of OAT men followed by ROC analysis with a cutoff point of 31% for CMA3 staining revealed that this test is a sensitive and specific for evaluating of protamination, maturity, and quality of spermatozoa.

Molecular Reproduction and Development, 2013

It is estimated that 20% of couples are infertile, and half of these infertility cases are linked... more It is estimated that 20% of couples are infertile, and half of these infertility cases are linked to men. One of conditions that can affect male fertility is asthenozoospermia. We applied Raman spectroscopy to the analysis of the metabolome of the human seminal plasma, and used chemometrics on the patterns of Raman spectra obtained. Significant changes were observed in the metabolome of the human seminal plasma of asthenozoospermic patients.

Men with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) have zero sperm in the ejaculate. Testicular sperm sui... more Men with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) have zero sperm in the ejaculate. Testicular sperm suitable for assisted reproductive technology (ART) could be present in NOA patients. Sperm is collected by micro-testicular sperm extraction (M-TESE). However, no diagnostic test exists to predict the presence of sperm in the testis biopsy before surgery. About 50% of azoospermic men are unable to have sperm retrieved at M-TESE and therefore have surgery unnecessarily. The ability to predict the presence of sperm in the testis prior to TESE would improve sperm retrieval rates and avoid unnecessary surgery. Identification of specific proteins related to spermatogenesis in seminal plasma (SP) could provide a novel proteomics assay for sperm presence prior to biopsy. SP is a rich, easily-accessible and promising source of spermatogenesis biomarkers. This study was designed to compare the SP proteomes of two different groups of NOA. 1) Men with mixed-testicular atrophy (MA) with a positive spe...

Western Institute of Technology at Taranaki (WITT) Library, Feb 23, 2014

Journal of reproduction & infertility, 2012

Recurrent pregnancy loss is (RPL) a heterogeneous condition. While the role of acquired thromboph... more Recurrent pregnancy loss is (RPL) a heterogeneous condition. While the role of acquired thrombophilia has been accepted as an etiology for RPL, the contribution of specific inherited thrombophilic gene polymorphisms to the disorder has been remained controversial. One hundred women with a history of two or more consecutive abortions and 100 women with at least two live births and no miscarriages were included in the study and evaluated for the presence of 11 thrombophilic gene polymorphisms (Factor V LEIDEN, Factor V 4070 A/G, Factor V 5279 A/G, Factor XIII 103 G/T, Factor XIII 614 A/T, Factor XIII 1694 C/T, PAI-1 -675 4G/5G, ITGB3 1565 T/C, β-Fibrinogen -455G/A, MTHFR 677 C/T, MTHFR 1298 A/C) using PCR-RFLP technique. The data were statistically analyzed using Mann-Whitney test and logistic regression model. There was no relation between factor XIII 103G/T gene polymorphism with increased risk of RPL. However, the other 10 gene polymorphisms were found to be associated with increas...

Background: The human seminal fluid is a complex body fluid. It is not known how many proteins ar... more Background: The human seminal fluid is a complex body fluid. It is not known how many proteins are expressed in the seminal plasma; however in analog with the blood it is possible up to 10,000 proteins are expressed in the seminal plasma. The human seminal fluid is a rich source of potential biomarkers for male infertility and reproduction disorder. Methods: In this review, the ongoing list of proteins identified from the human sem-inal fluid was collected. To date, 4188 redundant proteins of the seminal fluid are identified using different proteomics technology, including 2-DE, SDS-PAGE-LC-MS/MS, MudPIT. However, this was reduced to a database of 2168 non-redundant protein using UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot reviewed database. Results: The core concept of proteome were analyzed including pI, MW, Amino Acids, Chromosome and PTM distribution in the human seminal plasma proteome. Additionally, the biological process, molecular function and KEGG pathway were investigated using DAVID software. F...

The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research, Jan 14, 2015

Successful pregnancy requires balanced regulation of immune cells at the feto-maternal interface.... more Successful pregnancy requires balanced regulation of immune cells at the feto-maternal interface. Systemic monitoring of the immune system cannot precisely outline local immune status in the uterus. In this survey, endometrial immune milieu was investigated using a non-invasive method of analysis of menstrual blood (MB). The results were compared with peripheral blood (PB). PB and MB of healthy fertile women (n = 15) were collected simultaneously on the second day of their menstrual cycle. T and natural killer T cell subpopulations were immunophenotyped by flow cytometry. Among examined cell populations, the frequency of CD4 + Foxp3+, CD4 + Foxp3 + CD25-, CD4 + Foxp3 + CD25+ and IL17+ T cells (P = 0.022, 0.028, 0.017 and 0.005, respectively) and TCRαβ+, CD45RO+, CD16-, IFNγ + and IL17+ NKT (CD56 + CD3+) cells (P = 0.010, 0.037, 0.038, 0.015 and 0.021, respectively) were significantly higher in MB compared with PB. Conversely, PB contained a higher percentage of CD16+ T cells (P = 0....

Journal of reproduction & infertility

The human seminal fluid is a complex body fluid. It is not known how many proteins are expressed ... more The human seminal fluid is a complex body fluid. It is not known how many proteins are expressed in the seminal plasma; however in analog with the blood it is possible up to 10,000 proteins are expressed in the seminal plasma. The human seminal fluid is a rich source of potential biomarkers for male infertility and reproduction disorder. In this review, the ongoing list of proteins identified from the human seminal fluid was collected. To date, 4188 redundant proteins of the seminal fluid are identified using different proteomics technology, including 2-DE, SDS-PAGE-LC-MS/MS, MudPIT. However, this was reduced to a database of 2168 non-redundant protein using UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot reviewed database. The core concept of proteome were analyzed including pI, MW, Amino Acids, Chromosome and PTM distribution in the human seminal plasma proteome. Additionally, the biological process, molecular function and KEGG pathway were investigated using DAVID software. Finally, the biomarker identifie...

Journal of reproduction & infertility, 2012

Recurrent pregnancy loss is (RPL) a heterogeneous condition. While the role of acquired thromboph... more Recurrent pregnancy loss is (RPL) a heterogeneous condition. While the role of acquired thrombophilia has been accepted as an etiology for RPL, the contribution of specific inherited thrombophilic gene polymorphisms to the disorder has been remained controversial. One hundred women with a history of two or more consecutive abortions and 100 women with at least two live births and no miscarriages were included in the study and evaluated for the presence of 11 thrombophilic gene polymorphisms (Factor V LEIDEN, Factor V 4070 A/G, Factor V 5279 A/G, Factor XIII 103 G/T, Factor XIII 614 A/T, Factor XIII 1694 C/T, PAI-1 -675 4G/5G, ITGB3 1565 T/C, β-Fibrinogen -455G/A, MTHFR 677 C/T, MTHFR 1298 A/C) using PCR-RFLP technique. The data were statistically analyzed using Mann-Whitney test and logistic regression model. There was no relation between factor XIII 103G/T gene polymorphism with increased risk of RPL. However, the other 10 gene polymorphisms were found to be associated with increas...

Molecular Reproduction and Development, 2015

Molecular Reproduction and Development, 2014

Sperm mRNAs could be used as a predictor of fertilization capacity since the transcriptional prof... more Sperm mRNAs could be used as a predictor of fertilization capacity since the transcriptional profile of a gamete is critical for the production of viable human sperm. The aim of this study was to determine if PRM1, PRM2, and TNP2 transcripts in spermatozoa from normozoospermic and teratozoospermic men correlate with sperm morphology and/or assisted-reproduction outcomes. Human ejaculates were collected from 138 men referred to an infertility clinic, and were separated in two groups, teratozoospermic (n ¼ 72) and normozoospermic (n ¼ 66), based on World Health Organization criteria (2010). Chromomycin A3 and analine blue staining were used to evaluate protamination and chromatin integrity, respectively. Quantitative reversetranscriptase PCR was performed for PRM1, PRM2, and TNP2. This analysis revealed significantly higher PRM1 and PRM2 mRNA copy numbers in normozoospermic versus teratozoospermic samples (P < 0.001). In contrast, TNP2 transcript abundance was significantly higher in teratozoospermic versus normozoospermic samples (P < 0.001) and positively correlated with sperm-head defects (P < 0.05). Sperm-tail defects negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with both PRM1 and PRM2 transcripts in normozoospermic samples. No significant differences were observed between the two groups when comparing transcript levels to the outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles (P > 0.05), and a normal PRM1/PRM2 mRNA ratio ($1) was observed in more than 70% of successful cycles. Thus, the quantity of PRM1, PRM2, and TNP2 transcripts and the PRM1/PRM2 mRNA ratio affect spermiogenesis, sperm morphology, and the function of mature human sperm. These mRNAs could therefore be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis of male infertility.

Laboratory Medicine, 2012

Sperm chromatin is a highly organized structure constituting DNA and heterogeneous nucleoproteins... more Sperm chromatin is a highly organized structure constituting DNA and heterogeneous nucleoproteins. The most abundant positively charged nucleoproteins in mature sperm are protamines, which replace histones in a process involving extensive DNA rearrangement and remodeling during spermatogenesis. 1 Protamines compact sperm chromatin to a greater degree than do histones in somatic cells. The high condensation of sperm chromatin and the insoluble nature of protamines protect the integrity of the paternal genome during transmission of sperm through the male and female reproductive tracts. 2-5 Less compacted regions of chromatin may be more susceptible to DNA damage than are more compacted, protamine-studded regions. 6 It has been demonstrated that the activation of an endogenous endonuclease in murine sperm releases nucleohistones of sperm chromatin, and subsequently this DNA region is more susceptible to damage. 7 Protamines may also play a role in silencing of the paternal genome and the imprinting pattern of the gamete. 8 Abnormities in sperm chromatin packaging are associated with poor fertility of human spermatozoa. 6 However, even though damaged spermic DNA is a cause of male infertility, fertile men also may possess a small portion of spermatozoa with detectable levels of DNA damage. 9-11 Furthermore, protamine deficiency significantly diminishes the fertilizing ability of sperm and the quality of human embryos fertilized with protamine-deficient sperm. 2, 6, 12-14 The effect of sperm protamine deficiency on spermatogenesis may be considered in two distinct contexts. First, decreased protamine expression is relatively common in infertile men, but it is rare in men with proven fertility. 12 Second, many infertile men with protamine ABSTRACT Objective: Protamines cause sperm chromatin to compact and its deficiency is associated with poor fertilizing ability and low quality of spermatozoa. However, the threshold for deficiency has not been well established. The aim of this study was to determine the threshold of sperm protamine content that correlates with diminished sperm quality. Methods: Semen samples were obtained from 238 idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermic (OAT) and 208 normospermic men. Semen was analyzed according to WHO guidelines. Sperm protamine content was assessed by chromomycin A3 (CMA3) staining. Results: The mean level of CMA3 staining was significantly higher in OAT than in men with normal sperm (P<0.001). CMA3 staining correlated negatively with sperm concentration (r=-0.338, P<0.001), motility (r=-0.273, P<0.001), and normal morphology (r=-0.303, P<0.001). Using ROC analysis we showed that 31% of stained sperm represents an appropriate cutoff point for protein deficiency (men with higher than 31% stained sperm are protamine deficient). Conclusions: High odds ratio of OAT men followed by ROC analysis with a cutoff point of 31% for CMA3 staining revealed that this test is a sensitive and specific for evaluating of protamination, maturity, and quality of spermatozoa.

Molecular Reproduction and Development, 2013

It is estimated that 20% of couples are infertile, and half of these infertility cases are linked... more It is estimated that 20% of couples are infertile, and half of these infertility cases are linked to men. One of conditions that can affect male fertility is asthenozoospermia. We applied Raman spectroscopy to the analysis of the metabolome of the human seminal plasma, and used chemometrics on the patterns of Raman spectra obtained. Significant changes were observed in the metabolome of the human seminal plasma of asthenozoospermic patients.

Men with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) have zero sperm in the ejaculate. Testicular sperm sui... more Men with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) have zero sperm in the ejaculate. Testicular sperm suitable for assisted reproductive technology (ART) could be present in NOA patients. Sperm is collected by micro-testicular sperm extraction (M-TESE). However, no diagnostic test exists to predict the presence of sperm in the testis biopsy before surgery. About 50% of azoospermic men are unable to have sperm retrieved at M-TESE and therefore have surgery unnecessarily. The ability to predict the presence of sperm in the testis prior to TESE would improve sperm retrieval rates and avoid unnecessary surgery. Identification of specific proteins related to spermatogenesis in seminal plasma (SP) could provide a novel proteomics assay for sperm presence prior to biopsy. SP is a rich, easily-accessible and promising source of spermatogenesis biomarkers. This study was designed to compare the SP proteomes of two different groups of NOA. 1) Men with mixed-testicular atrophy (MA) with a positive spe...