Emmanuel Mpinga - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Emmanuel Mpinga
PubMed, Apr 1, 2022
For almost three decades, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has experienced cycles of armed ... more For almost three decades, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has experienced cycles of armed conflict, particularly in the east. During these conflicts, systematic rape has been used as a weapon of war to break women and communities. Knowledge produced about this phenomenon to date relates to the epidemiology, aetiology and the consequences of these rapes, particularly on survivors in care institutions, thus ignoring the impact this phenomenon has on the communities. Our survey aims to investigate the extent to which women from the Orientale, North Kivu and South Kivu provinces have experienced rape, as well as their perceptions regarding its frequency, characteristics, and repercussions for/on victims in their communities. From a sample of 1483 women, more than 99% had directly or indirectly experienced rape, on at least five occasions in three-quarters of cases. In their experience, a large proportion of the rapes took place at the victims' homes in the presence of family members and were perpetrated by members of military or paramilitary groups. Frequent health problems (several possibilities) reported include: bleeding (40.8%), pain (23.9%); unwanted pregnancies/abortions (23.4%), urogenital problems including STD (12.0%). Concerning mental health, they reported fear and anxiety (56.3%), depression and suicidal thoughts (16.8 %), insomnia (5.3%); 94.7% reported feelings of humiliation and shame and 6.9% social exclusion and stigmatization. Support for victims comes largely from NGOs (47.6%), families (27.1%) and Churches (14.3%). This is a major cultural, economic, political, human rights, and public health problem, which the authorities and international community must commit to tackling.
Revue médicale de la Suisse romande, Aug 1, 2003
Face aux besoins en soins, en accompagnement et en soutien qu'eprouvent les personnes en fin ... more Face aux besoins en soins, en accompagnement et en soutien qu'eprouvent les personnes en fin de vie et leurs proches, l'Institut Universitaire Kurt Bosch (IUKB/Sion, Suisse) a mis en place depuis 1992, une formation specifique dans le domaine des soins palliatifs et de la thanatologie. L'article decrit le processus de mise en oeuvre de ce programme, passe en revue ses principaux resultats, presente ses developpements actuels et indique quelques axes pour son evolution.
Revue médicale suisse, 2009
Frontiers in Public Health, May 7, 2018
Education and training in human rights has been set as a priority by the United Nations. Health a... more Education and training in human rights has been set as a priority by the United Nations. Health and human rights are closely related. Training professionals from various backgrounds in human rights might ultimately contribute to improve the health of individuals and communities. We present the 5 years' experience with a 3-week residential Global Health and Human Rights Course developed at the University of Geneva and implemented with the support/participation of international organizations (IOs) and non-governmental organizations active in the health and human rights sector. Over the years, roughly 150 students from 43 nationalities, with many different educational backgrounds, attended the course. The male/female ratio was 1/5. The adopted educational approach was multifold and comprised lectures from academics and experts with field experience, group work, individual case studies, journal clubs, and site visits. Evaluation data show that site visits at IOs were highly appreciated as well as networking opportunities among students, with academics and experts with field experience. The variety of topics discussed was, at times, "too much"; yet, it allowed students to measure the extent of the challenges the field is facing. The adopted active learning approach facilitated the exchange of experiences among students and allowed them to get acquainted with different cultural sensitivities. The Global Health and Human Rights Summer-School of the University of Geneva allowed its participants, coming from all over the world, to identify challenges of the interlinked fields of health and human rights, reflect upon their underlying causes, and imagine possible solutions. Sharing our experience will hopefully help passionate educators around the world to develop similar programs.
European Journal of Palliative Care, 2007
The World Health Organization considers training in palliative care for healthcare professionals ... more The World Health Organization considers training in palliative care for healthcare professionals a priority. Indeed, increased life expectancy and a high prevalence of chronic and incurable diseases further emphasise the need for well-trained healthcare professionals in palliative care. The European Association for Palliative Care (EAPC) shares the concern of the WHO. Some countries, such as France and Canada, have developed national action plans to implement basic training and continued education in palliative care. In Switzerland, the ‘Manifeste de Fribourg' called for a similar action plan in palliative care training and set it as a top priority.
Les questions de sante se sont averees incontournables dans le devenir d'un groupe social. Po... more Les questions de sante se sont averees incontournables dans le devenir d'un groupe social. Pour plus d'efficience, le domaine sanitaire merite une prise en main raisonnee et strategique a partir du >. L'Afrique s'est souvent hissee comme un receptacle des methodes transposees de l'exterieur. Dans ce continent aux contextes pluriel et multiculturel, les approches par > sont privilegiees pour la collecte des donnees en sante. Les auteurs de cet ouvrage militent precisement pour des methodes du > et >. Des terrains divers ont ete revisites pour (de)construire les contours methodologiques de l'epistemologie medicale issue des schemes souvent mal importes et mal imposes. D'un cote, Ethique et deontologie meritent une contextualisation en terre africaine. Et de l'autre, les sciences medicales requierent harmonie et arrimage aux sciences sociales. De cette double exigence, cheminer vers un modele adaptable s'offre comme la solution idoine pour ce dialogue des sciences au service de la sante en general et du medical en particulier.
Soins. Psychiatrie, Oct 4, 2008
■ Une enquete menee par une equipe suisse vise a connaitre les perceptions des professionnels de ... more ■ Une enquete menee par une equipe suisse vise a connaitre les perceptions des professionnels de sante quant a l'existence, aux causes et aux facteurs de risque des pratiques sociales, economiques et politiques portant atteinte aux droits des personnes souffrant de maladies mentales (PSMM) ■ Un questionnaire a ete soumis a des professionnels de sante dans 17 pays de 4 continents ■ Des themes comme l'enfermement, les violences physiques, le rationnement de soins, l'isolement dans les structures de soins, les mesures de contrainte et les atteintes graves aux droits fondamentaux des patients, ont ete releves dans les resultats de l'enquete ■ Pour pres de 60 % des repondants, l'existence de ces pratiques est attribuable au contexte economique, social et politique des pays concernes.
Health policy, May 1, 2011
Background: Right to health indicators have been subject to debate. Indeed, inadequate monitoring... more Background: Right to health indicators have been subject to debate. Indeed, inadequate monitoring or reporting by states, missing or contradicting data as well as a lack of consensus on what is an appropriate right to health indicator call for new approaches and new ideas in this field. One right to health indicator might be patient satisfaction, a widely collected indicator, yet not always beyond bias nor adequately monitored, neither well used. Methods: We compared, applying the concept analysis of Rodgers, key-items of patient satisfaction surveys/reviews to key concepts of right to health as developed in the General Comment 14/2000 of the ICESCR. Inclusion criteria of the selected patient satisfaction papers were: number of citations in Scholar Google, various care settings, various cultural contexts, methodological reviews and time frame. Results: High correspondence between recommended or collected patient satisfaction items and patients' rights as defined by the GC 14/2000 were observed, i.e. accessibility of care (information, financial, physical), availability (services, programs, personal), acceptability (cultural, gender-related), quality of care (scientific, medical). Conclusion: Patient satisfaction could prove a useful right to health indicator.
Revue médicale suisse, 2009
Edizioni ETS eBooks, 2017
Alors que les conditions d’émergence de nombreuses épidémies s’inscrivent au cœur des structures ... more Alors que les conditions d’émergence de nombreuses épidémies s’inscrivent au cœur des structures et rapports politiques, économiques et sociaux, la recherche de réponses à celles-ci reste dominée par le paradigme fondateur du modèle bio-médical d’analyse et d’action. Le primat de ce modèle dans la définition des états et problèmes de santé, la formation des professionnels, la formulation des politiques et programmes de santé, le financement des systèmes de santé et l’évaluation de ces actions semble être à la base des réponses inadaptées face aux crises des épidémies dans nos sociétés contemporaines. Loin de s’intéresser à l’analyse de tous les facteurs sociaux de risque dans la gestion des épidémies, la présente communication se focalise sur le rôle et l’importance des droits de l’homme dans les politiques de prévention et de lutte contre les épidémies avec, en toile de fond, les questions suivantes : -Existe-t-il des synergies entre les droits de l’homme et les épidémies à travers l’histoire et en quoi consistent-elles ? -Dans quelle mesure et sous quelles conditions ces synergies sont-elles prises en compte dans les politiques de prévention et les interventions contre les épidémies ? - Que faire pour une intégration de ces droits dans la préparation de nos sociétés à la gestion de nouvelles épidémies ? Inscrite dans le champ de l’épidémiologie sociale, notre analyse montre que si les rapports entre épidémies et droits de l’homme peuvent paraître évidents, leur intégration dans la gestion de celles-ci reste globalement inexistante, limitée et confrontée à divers obstacles.L’identification de ces obstacles, la compréhension de leurs modes opératoires et des moyens d’y répondre permettraient de formuler des politiques de prévention et de gestion des épidémies reposant sur les droits de l’homme à la fois comme un de leurs déterminants, un cadre de leur mise en œuvre et une composante essentielle des indicateurs de succès ou d’échec de programmes, c’est à dire de leur évaluation
Recherche en soins infirmiers, Sep 1, 2006
To evaluate the extent and the quality of the research related to End of life conflicts in pallia... more To evaluate the extent and the quality of the research related to End of life conflicts in palliative care from 1995 to 2004. Accessible Literature of several electronic data bases (BDSP, Cinhal, Cochrane, Francis, Medline, Psychinfo, Saphir, Scopus and Web of science) as well as the grey literature. Studies published in French and English between 1995 and 2004 reporting end of life conflicts, tensions, disagreements, disputes in the context of palliative care. One hundred and two studies were included (87.2% published in English, 12.8% in French). Study designs include revues 27.4%), cross-sections 18.6% and case studies 18.6%. Reported conflicts are related to ethical issues 26.2%, to care 19.1%, to tensions between professionals and patients or families 11.1%, to team experiences 9%. Six studies 5.8% give prevalence figures of conflicts. Half of the studies 51.3% identify possible causes of conflicts: communication issues, euthanasia and suicide assistance demands, autonomy of patients, non respect of advance directives, cultural differences. Ten studies 9.8% identify specifically some effects of the conflicts: moral distress of patients; stress, burn out and guilt of health professionals; lack of trust between doctors and patients or families. Conflicts are mainly resolved through mediation and ethical discussions. Research data on end of life conflicts is scarce at all levels (quantity, quality, methods, social impact, and epistemology). A better understanding of end of life conflict might foster a more adequate management of difficult situations and ultimately a more peaceful death of patients, mourning of families and every day work of health professionals
International human rights law review, Jun 4, 2014
Despite the recent interest in health rights litigation, there has not yet been a study specifica... more Despite the recent interest in health rights litigation, there has not yet been a study specifically addressing and comparing the justiciability of the right to health in two diverse contexts such as South Africa and Switzerland from the point of view of determining whether the essential components of the right to health under international law have been referred to in the formulation of complaints and in judgments handed down by the courts. The respective constitutional provisions incorporating the right to health as well as pertinent health rights cases were identified before analysing the similarities and differences relating to the essential components of the right to health. The findings support more frequent reference to the normative components of the right to health throughout domestic judicial proceedings in order to further the advancement and effective implementation of the right to health, not only in South Africa and Switzerland but more broadly.
Schweizerische Ärztezeitung, 2005
Douleur Et Analgesie, 2009
PubMed, Apr 1, 2022
For almost three decades, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has experienced cycles of armed ... more For almost three decades, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has experienced cycles of armed conflict, particularly in the east. During these conflicts, systematic rape has been used as a weapon of war to break women and communities. Knowledge produced about this phenomenon to date relates to the epidemiology, aetiology and the consequences of these rapes, particularly on survivors in care institutions, thus ignoring the impact this phenomenon has on the communities. Our survey aims to investigate the extent to which women from the Orientale, North Kivu and South Kivu provinces have experienced rape, as well as their perceptions regarding its frequency, characteristics, and repercussions for/on victims in their communities. From a sample of 1483 women, more than 99% had directly or indirectly experienced rape, on at least five occasions in three-quarters of cases. In their experience, a large proportion of the rapes took place at the victims' homes in the presence of family members and were perpetrated by members of military or paramilitary groups. Frequent health problems (several possibilities) reported include: bleeding (40.8%), pain (23.9%); unwanted pregnancies/abortions (23.4%), urogenital problems including STD (12.0%). Concerning mental health, they reported fear and anxiety (56.3%), depression and suicidal thoughts (16.8 %), insomnia (5.3%); 94.7% reported feelings of humiliation and shame and 6.9% social exclusion and stigmatization. Support for victims comes largely from NGOs (47.6%), families (27.1%) and Churches (14.3%). This is a major cultural, economic, political, human rights, and public health problem, which the authorities and international community must commit to tackling.
Revue médicale de la Suisse romande, Aug 1, 2003
Face aux besoins en soins, en accompagnement et en soutien qu'eprouvent les personnes en fin ... more Face aux besoins en soins, en accompagnement et en soutien qu'eprouvent les personnes en fin de vie et leurs proches, l'Institut Universitaire Kurt Bosch (IUKB/Sion, Suisse) a mis en place depuis 1992, une formation specifique dans le domaine des soins palliatifs et de la thanatologie. L'article decrit le processus de mise en oeuvre de ce programme, passe en revue ses principaux resultats, presente ses developpements actuels et indique quelques axes pour son evolution.
Revue médicale suisse, 2009
Frontiers in Public Health, May 7, 2018
Education and training in human rights has been set as a priority by the United Nations. Health a... more Education and training in human rights has been set as a priority by the United Nations. Health and human rights are closely related. Training professionals from various backgrounds in human rights might ultimately contribute to improve the health of individuals and communities. We present the 5 years' experience with a 3-week residential Global Health and Human Rights Course developed at the University of Geneva and implemented with the support/participation of international organizations (IOs) and non-governmental organizations active in the health and human rights sector. Over the years, roughly 150 students from 43 nationalities, with many different educational backgrounds, attended the course. The male/female ratio was 1/5. The adopted educational approach was multifold and comprised lectures from academics and experts with field experience, group work, individual case studies, journal clubs, and site visits. Evaluation data show that site visits at IOs were highly appreciated as well as networking opportunities among students, with academics and experts with field experience. The variety of topics discussed was, at times, "too much"; yet, it allowed students to measure the extent of the challenges the field is facing. The adopted active learning approach facilitated the exchange of experiences among students and allowed them to get acquainted with different cultural sensitivities. The Global Health and Human Rights Summer-School of the University of Geneva allowed its participants, coming from all over the world, to identify challenges of the interlinked fields of health and human rights, reflect upon their underlying causes, and imagine possible solutions. Sharing our experience will hopefully help passionate educators around the world to develop similar programs.
European Journal of Palliative Care, 2007
The World Health Organization considers training in palliative care for healthcare professionals ... more The World Health Organization considers training in palliative care for healthcare professionals a priority. Indeed, increased life expectancy and a high prevalence of chronic and incurable diseases further emphasise the need for well-trained healthcare professionals in palliative care. The European Association for Palliative Care (EAPC) shares the concern of the WHO. Some countries, such as France and Canada, have developed national action plans to implement basic training and continued education in palliative care. In Switzerland, the ‘Manifeste de Fribourg' called for a similar action plan in palliative care training and set it as a top priority.
Les questions de sante se sont averees incontournables dans le devenir d'un groupe social. Po... more Les questions de sante se sont averees incontournables dans le devenir d'un groupe social. Pour plus d'efficience, le domaine sanitaire merite une prise en main raisonnee et strategique a partir du >. L'Afrique s'est souvent hissee comme un receptacle des methodes transposees de l'exterieur. Dans ce continent aux contextes pluriel et multiculturel, les approches par > sont privilegiees pour la collecte des donnees en sante. Les auteurs de cet ouvrage militent precisement pour des methodes du > et >. Des terrains divers ont ete revisites pour (de)construire les contours methodologiques de l'epistemologie medicale issue des schemes souvent mal importes et mal imposes. D'un cote, Ethique et deontologie meritent une contextualisation en terre africaine. Et de l'autre, les sciences medicales requierent harmonie et arrimage aux sciences sociales. De cette double exigence, cheminer vers un modele adaptable s'offre comme la solution idoine pour ce dialogue des sciences au service de la sante en general et du medical en particulier.
Soins. Psychiatrie, Oct 4, 2008
■ Une enquete menee par une equipe suisse vise a connaitre les perceptions des professionnels de ... more ■ Une enquete menee par une equipe suisse vise a connaitre les perceptions des professionnels de sante quant a l'existence, aux causes et aux facteurs de risque des pratiques sociales, economiques et politiques portant atteinte aux droits des personnes souffrant de maladies mentales (PSMM) ■ Un questionnaire a ete soumis a des professionnels de sante dans 17 pays de 4 continents ■ Des themes comme l'enfermement, les violences physiques, le rationnement de soins, l'isolement dans les structures de soins, les mesures de contrainte et les atteintes graves aux droits fondamentaux des patients, ont ete releves dans les resultats de l'enquete ■ Pour pres de 60 % des repondants, l'existence de ces pratiques est attribuable au contexte economique, social et politique des pays concernes.
Health policy, May 1, 2011
Background: Right to health indicators have been subject to debate. Indeed, inadequate monitoring... more Background: Right to health indicators have been subject to debate. Indeed, inadequate monitoring or reporting by states, missing or contradicting data as well as a lack of consensus on what is an appropriate right to health indicator call for new approaches and new ideas in this field. One right to health indicator might be patient satisfaction, a widely collected indicator, yet not always beyond bias nor adequately monitored, neither well used. Methods: We compared, applying the concept analysis of Rodgers, key-items of patient satisfaction surveys/reviews to key concepts of right to health as developed in the General Comment 14/2000 of the ICESCR. Inclusion criteria of the selected patient satisfaction papers were: number of citations in Scholar Google, various care settings, various cultural contexts, methodological reviews and time frame. Results: High correspondence between recommended or collected patient satisfaction items and patients' rights as defined by the GC 14/2000 were observed, i.e. accessibility of care (information, financial, physical), availability (services, programs, personal), acceptability (cultural, gender-related), quality of care (scientific, medical). Conclusion: Patient satisfaction could prove a useful right to health indicator.
Revue médicale suisse, 2009
Edizioni ETS eBooks, 2017
Alors que les conditions d’émergence de nombreuses épidémies s’inscrivent au cœur des structures ... more Alors que les conditions d’émergence de nombreuses épidémies s’inscrivent au cœur des structures et rapports politiques, économiques et sociaux, la recherche de réponses à celles-ci reste dominée par le paradigme fondateur du modèle bio-médical d’analyse et d’action. Le primat de ce modèle dans la définition des états et problèmes de santé, la formation des professionnels, la formulation des politiques et programmes de santé, le financement des systèmes de santé et l’évaluation de ces actions semble être à la base des réponses inadaptées face aux crises des épidémies dans nos sociétés contemporaines. Loin de s’intéresser à l’analyse de tous les facteurs sociaux de risque dans la gestion des épidémies, la présente communication se focalise sur le rôle et l’importance des droits de l’homme dans les politiques de prévention et de lutte contre les épidémies avec, en toile de fond, les questions suivantes : -Existe-t-il des synergies entre les droits de l’homme et les épidémies à travers l’histoire et en quoi consistent-elles ? -Dans quelle mesure et sous quelles conditions ces synergies sont-elles prises en compte dans les politiques de prévention et les interventions contre les épidémies ? - Que faire pour une intégration de ces droits dans la préparation de nos sociétés à la gestion de nouvelles épidémies ? Inscrite dans le champ de l’épidémiologie sociale, notre analyse montre que si les rapports entre épidémies et droits de l’homme peuvent paraître évidents, leur intégration dans la gestion de celles-ci reste globalement inexistante, limitée et confrontée à divers obstacles.L’identification de ces obstacles, la compréhension de leurs modes opératoires et des moyens d’y répondre permettraient de formuler des politiques de prévention et de gestion des épidémies reposant sur les droits de l’homme à la fois comme un de leurs déterminants, un cadre de leur mise en œuvre et une composante essentielle des indicateurs de succès ou d’échec de programmes, c’est à dire de leur évaluation
Recherche en soins infirmiers, Sep 1, 2006
To evaluate the extent and the quality of the research related to End of life conflicts in pallia... more To evaluate the extent and the quality of the research related to End of life conflicts in palliative care from 1995 to 2004. Accessible Literature of several electronic data bases (BDSP, Cinhal, Cochrane, Francis, Medline, Psychinfo, Saphir, Scopus and Web of science) as well as the grey literature. Studies published in French and English between 1995 and 2004 reporting end of life conflicts, tensions, disagreements, disputes in the context of palliative care. One hundred and two studies were included (87.2% published in English, 12.8% in French). Study designs include revues 27.4%), cross-sections 18.6% and case studies 18.6%. Reported conflicts are related to ethical issues 26.2%, to care 19.1%, to tensions between professionals and patients or families 11.1%, to team experiences 9%. Six studies 5.8% give prevalence figures of conflicts. Half of the studies 51.3% identify possible causes of conflicts: communication issues, euthanasia and suicide assistance demands, autonomy of patients, non respect of advance directives, cultural differences. Ten studies 9.8% identify specifically some effects of the conflicts: moral distress of patients; stress, burn out and guilt of health professionals; lack of trust between doctors and patients or families. Conflicts are mainly resolved through mediation and ethical discussions. Research data on end of life conflicts is scarce at all levels (quantity, quality, methods, social impact, and epistemology). A better understanding of end of life conflict might foster a more adequate management of difficult situations and ultimately a more peaceful death of patients, mourning of families and every day work of health professionals
International human rights law review, Jun 4, 2014
Despite the recent interest in health rights litigation, there has not yet been a study specifica... more Despite the recent interest in health rights litigation, there has not yet been a study specifically addressing and comparing the justiciability of the right to health in two diverse contexts such as South Africa and Switzerland from the point of view of determining whether the essential components of the right to health under international law have been referred to in the formulation of complaints and in judgments handed down by the courts. The respective constitutional provisions incorporating the right to health as well as pertinent health rights cases were identified before analysing the similarities and differences relating to the essential components of the right to health. The findings support more frequent reference to the normative components of the right to health throughout domestic judicial proceedings in order to further the advancement and effective implementation of the right to health, not only in South Africa and Switzerland but more broadly.
Schweizerische Ärztezeitung, 2005
Douleur Et Analgesie, 2009