E. Yuksel - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by E. Yuksel
Seminars in Plastic Surgery, 2003
... The Midface Lift in Perioral Rejuvenation. Eser Yuksel, Melvin Spira, John D. Potochny, Saleh... more ... The Midface Lift in Perioral Rejuvenation. Eser Yuksel, Melvin Spira, John D. Potochny, Saleh M. Shenaq. ... Plast Reconst Surg 1988; 82: 383 3 Ramirez OM, Maillard GF, Musolas A. The extended subperiosteal face lift: a definitive soft tissue remodeling for facial rejuvenation. ...
Seminars in Plastic Surgery, 2005
Manufacturing Engineering and Materials Handling, Parts A and B, 2005
ABSTRACT Guided tissue regeneration focuses on the implantation of a scaffold architecture, which... more ABSTRACT Guided tissue regeneration focuses on the implantation of a scaffold architecture, which acts as a conduit for stimulated tissue growth. Successful scaffolds must fulfill three basic requirements: provide architecture conducive to cell attachment, support adequate fluid perfusion, and provide mechanical stability during healing and degradation. The first two of these concerns have been addressed successfully with standard scaffold fabrication techniques. In instances where load bearing implants are required, such as in treatment of the spine and long bones, application of these normal design criteria is not always feasible. The scaffold may support tissue invasion and fluid perfusion but with insufficient mechanical stability, likely collapsing after implantation as a result of the contradictory nature of the design factors involved. Addressing mechanical stability of a resorbable implant requires specific control over the scaffold design. With design and manufacturing advancements, such as rapid prototyping and other fabrication methods, research has shifted towards the optimization of scaffolds with both global mechanical properties matching native tissue, and micro-structural dimensions tailored to a site-specific defect. While previous research has demonstrated the ability to create architectures of repetitious microstructures and characterize them, the ideal implant is one that would readily be assembled in series or parallel, each location corresponding to specific mechanical and perfusion properties. The goal of this study was to design a library of implantable micro-structures (unit blocks) which may be combined piecewise, and seamlessly integrated, according to their mechanical function. Once a library of micro-structures is created, a material may be selected through interpolation to obtain the desired mechanical properties and porosity. Our study incorporated a linear, isotropic, finite element analysis on a series of various micro-structures to determine their material properties over a wide range of porosities. Furthermore, an analysis of the stress profile throughout the unit blocks was conducted to investigate the effect of the spatial distribution of the building material. Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) hybridized with manufacturing techniques such as Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF), is hypothesized to allow for virtual design, characterization, and production of scaffolds optimized for tissue replacement. This procedure will allow a tissue engineering approach to focus solely on the role of architectural selection by combining symmetric scaffold micro-structures in an anti-symmetric or anisotropic manner as needed. The methodology is discussed in the sphere of bone regeneration, and examples of cataloged shapes are presented. Similar principles may apply for other organs as well.
European Journal of Plastic Surgery, 2013
ABSTRACT Background The authors previously presented favorable outcomes with the use of the horiz... more ABSTRACT Background The authors previously presented favorable outcomes with the use of the horizontal dermal suspension sling and plication of the inferior pedicle in reduction mammaplasty surgical cases. We propose a modification to this technique tailored to patients with moderate to severe ptosis. The modification avoids the vertical scar inherent to the inverted T pattern. Methods The surgical technique utilizes portions of the dermal suspension and plication technique previously described by the authors. Minor modifications were made to take advantage of the vertical excess of skin found in patients with moderate to severe macromastia and ptotic breasts. The modification leads to a superior skin flap that drapes the inferior pedicle and newly constructed breast mound, resulting in a single inframammary scar. Results Thirty-eight women have undergone breast reduction using the vertical scarless inferior pedicle with horizontal dermal suspension and plication surgical technique. Breast projection and shape were sustained during follow-up with positive aesthetic results; the median follow–up time was 7 months. Conclusions The modifications to our surgical technique allowed for an improved appearance in the postoperative breast scar and in the overall cosmetic outcome in patients who underwent large-volume breast reductions. Level of Evidence: IV, therapeutic study
2002 Meeting home, 2002
The midface lift has been employed as an additional tool in facial rejuvenation. The procedure is... more The midface lift has been employed as an additional tool in facial rejuvenation. The procedure is predicated on the concept that gravitational effects in older patients result in descent of the mid-face soft tissues. This leads to a gradual thinning of the tissue over the ...
Computer-Aided Design, 2005
Guided tissue regeneration is gaining importance in the field of orthopaedic tissue engineering a... more Guided tissue regeneration is gaining importance in the field of orthopaedic tissue engineering as need and technology permits the development of site-specific engineering approaches. Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) hybridized with manufacturing techniques such as Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF), is hypothesized to allow for virtual design, characterization, and production of scaffolds optimized for tissue replacement. However, a design scope this broad is not often realized due to limitations in preparing scaffolds both for biological functionality and mechanical longevity. To aid scientists in fabrication of a successful scaffold, we propose characterization and documentation of a library of micro-architectures, capable of being seamlessly merged according to the mechanical properties (stiffness, strength), flow perfusion characteristics, and porosity, determined by the scientist based on application and anatomic location. The methodology is discussed in the sphere of bone regeneration, and examples of catalogued shapes are presented. Similar principles may apply for other organs as well.
Circulation Research, 1999
Endothelial thrombomodulin plays a critical role in hemostasis by binding thrombin and subsequent... more Endothelial thrombomodulin plays a critical role in hemostasis by binding thrombin and subsequently converting protein C to its active form, a powerful anticoagulant. Thrombomodulin thus represents a central mechanism by which patency is maintained in normal vessels. However, thrombomodulin expression decreases in perturbed endothelial cells, predisposing to thrombotic occlusion. An adenoviral construct expressing thrombomodulin (Adv/ RSV-THM) was created and functionally characterized in vitro and in vivo. The impact of local overexpression of thrombomodulin on in vivo thrombus formation was subsequently examined in a stasis/injury model of arterial thrombosis. The construct prevented arterial thrombosis formation in all animals, while viral and nonviral controls typically developed occluding thrombi. By histological analysis, nonviral controls exhibited intravascular thrombus occluding a mean of 70.52Ϯ3.72% of available lumen, while viral controls reached 86.85Ϯ2.82% thrombotic occlusion; in contrast, Adv/RSV-THM reduced thrombosis to 28.61Ϯ3.31% of lumen in cross section. No significant intima-to-media ratio was observed in the thrombomodulin group relative to controls. Local infiltration of granulocytes and macrophages significantly decreased in the Adv/RSV-THM group relative to controls, while neutrophilic infiltration increased in viral controls relative to nonviral controls. This construct thus offers a viable technique for promoting a locally thromboresistant small-caliber artery, without the inflammatory damage that has limited many other adenoviral applications. (Circ Res. 1999;84:84-92.
Circulation, 2000
Background —These studies were initiated to confirm that high-level thrombomodulin overexpression... more Background —These studies were initiated to confirm that high-level thrombomodulin overexpression is sufficient to limit neointima formation after mechanical overdilation injury. Methods and Results —An adenoviral construct expressing thrombomodulin (Adv/RSV-THM) was created and functionally characterized in vitro and in vivo. The impact of local overexpression of thrombomodulin on neointima formation 28 days after mechanical overdilation injury was evaluated. New Zealand White rabbit common femoral arteries were treated with buffer, viral control, or Adv/RSV-THM and subjected to mechanical overdilation injury. The treated vessels (n=4 per treatment) were harvested after 28 days and evaluated to determine intima-to-media (I/M) ratios. Additional experiments were performed to determine early (7-day) changes in extracellular elastin and collagen content; local macrophage, T-cell, and neutrophil infiltration; and local thrombus formation as potential contributors to the observed impact...
Seminars in Plastic Surgery, 2005
Virtual and Physical Prototyping, 2008
… Workshop on the …, 2002
... ERCAN YUKSEL Civil Engineering Faculty of Istanbul Technical University (ITU) 80626 Maslak - ... more ... ERCAN YUKSEL Civil Engineering Faculty of Istanbul Technical University (ITU) 80626 Maslak - Istanbul TURKEY WEIEL MOURTAGE Civil Engineering Faculty of Istanbul Technical University (ITU) 80626 Maslak Istanbul, TURKEY ...
Biomedical Engineering, 1998
An island fascio-cutaneous flap based on a single perforator artery and vein in the dorsum of a r... more An island fascio-cutaneous flap based on a single perforator artery and vein in the dorsum of a rate was developed to perform a quantitative analysis of neo-angiogenesis. Phase 1 was designed to show the augmentative effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and ...
Journal of Vascular and …, 2001
PURPOSE: Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) is the major circulating elastase inhibitor. Deficiency of ela... more PURPOSE: Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) is the major circulating elastase inhibitor. Deficiency of elastase inhibition leads to emphysema and vascular abnormalities including accelerated neointima. Because recent evidence suggests that tissue AAT levels determine inhibitory function, the authors hypothesize that local tissue-based expression of AAT limits elastase activity sufficiently to guide arterial response to injury.
The Journal of Laryngology & Otology, 2009
This study aimed to determine whether magnetic resonance imaging has a role in the evaluation of ... more This study aimed to determine whether magnetic resonance imaging has a role in the evaluation of the sphenoid sinus and internal carotid artery. In addition, we aimed to establish reference measurements for the minimal distance between the internal carotid arteries. The sphenoid sinuses and neighbouring internal carotid arteries of 90 patients were evaluated using sagittal T1-weighted and axial and coronal T2-weighted magnetic resonance images. Sphenoid sinus pneumatisation was categorised as occipitosphenoidal (0 per cent), conchal (3.3 per cent), presellar (14.4 per cent) or sellar (82.2 per cent). The internal carotid artery protruded into the sphenoid sinus in 32.8 per cent, with a septum in 9.4 per cent. The incidence of sellar-type sphenoid sinus pneumatisation was higher in patients with protrusion of the internal carotid artery into the sphenoid sinus (p < 0.001). The incidence of presellar pneumatisation was higher in patients without internal carotid artery protrusion (p < 0.001). The minimal distance between the internal carotid arteries varied between 9.04 and 24.26 mm (mean, 15.94 mm). Magnetic resonance imaging can provide useful information about the sphenoid sinus and internal carotid artery, prior to endoscopic sphenoidotomy and trans-sphenoidal hypophysectomy.
Journal of Surgical Research - J SURG RES, 2004
Introduction. Despite current developments in surgery and manufacturing technology, capsular cont... more Introduction. Despite current developments in surgery and manufacturing technology, capsular contracture is still the most common late complication associated with breast implant surgery. This proposed study was designed to investigate the effect of Rho kinase inhibition on capsule formation. Rho kinases are pivotal regulators of several aspects of cell behavior and contribute to reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, formation of stress fibers, and cell migration in the wound environment. They activate NF-κB by inducing I-κB kinase, which lead to activation of inflammatory pathways during wound healing. However, these responses may yield to extensive inflammatory effect which triggers an uncontrolled synthetic process, as seen in burns. We hypothesized that Rho kinase signaling pathway is up regulated in capsular contracture, which leads to excessive fibrosis, and inhibition of this pathway prevents contracture. This study aims to demonstrate the dynamic interaction between Rho ...
Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A-toxic/hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering, 2005
The Golden Horn has experienced severe pollution due to uncontrolled domestic and industrial wast... more The Golden Horn has experienced severe pollution due to uncontrolled domestic and industrial wastewater discharges until recent years. A restoration project has been developed by our universities, upon a request from Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality. Two principal alternatives for the dredging and disposal of the bottom sediments were considered: disposing on the land and disposing in the sea. Both of these
Journal of …, 1999
The problem of vesselsize discrepancy is still unsolved in microvascular-free tissue transfers. I... more The problem of vesselsize discrepancy is still unsolved in microvascular-free tissue transfers. In an effort to develop a technique perioperatively to dilate smaller vessel diameters, the authors utilized a catheter customarily used in coronary angioplasties, the ...
SUMMARY Specially fabricated two layers of reinforcement grids which are in contact by zig zag sh... more SUMMARY Specially fabricated two layers of reinforcement grids which are in contact by zig zag shape continuous cross bars, are used to construct first the skeletal part of a 3D structure. Since a layer of foam sheet has been placed in between the two surfaces of ...
Technical University, Denmark, DTU, 2007
Seminars in Plastic Surgery, 2003
... The Midface Lift in Perioral Rejuvenation. Eser Yuksel, Melvin Spira, John D. Potochny, Saleh... more ... The Midface Lift in Perioral Rejuvenation. Eser Yuksel, Melvin Spira, John D. Potochny, Saleh M. Shenaq. ... Plast Reconst Surg 1988; 82: 383 3 Ramirez OM, Maillard GF, Musolas A. The extended subperiosteal face lift: a definitive soft tissue remodeling for facial rejuvenation. ...
Seminars in Plastic Surgery, 2005
Manufacturing Engineering and Materials Handling, Parts A and B, 2005
ABSTRACT Guided tissue regeneration focuses on the implantation of a scaffold architecture, which... more ABSTRACT Guided tissue regeneration focuses on the implantation of a scaffold architecture, which acts as a conduit for stimulated tissue growth. Successful scaffolds must fulfill three basic requirements: provide architecture conducive to cell attachment, support adequate fluid perfusion, and provide mechanical stability during healing and degradation. The first two of these concerns have been addressed successfully with standard scaffold fabrication techniques. In instances where load bearing implants are required, such as in treatment of the spine and long bones, application of these normal design criteria is not always feasible. The scaffold may support tissue invasion and fluid perfusion but with insufficient mechanical stability, likely collapsing after implantation as a result of the contradictory nature of the design factors involved. Addressing mechanical stability of a resorbable implant requires specific control over the scaffold design. With design and manufacturing advancements, such as rapid prototyping and other fabrication methods, research has shifted towards the optimization of scaffolds with both global mechanical properties matching native tissue, and micro-structural dimensions tailored to a site-specific defect. While previous research has demonstrated the ability to create architectures of repetitious microstructures and characterize them, the ideal implant is one that would readily be assembled in series or parallel, each location corresponding to specific mechanical and perfusion properties. The goal of this study was to design a library of implantable micro-structures (unit blocks) which may be combined piecewise, and seamlessly integrated, according to their mechanical function. Once a library of micro-structures is created, a material may be selected through interpolation to obtain the desired mechanical properties and porosity. Our study incorporated a linear, isotropic, finite element analysis on a series of various micro-structures to determine their material properties over a wide range of porosities. Furthermore, an analysis of the stress profile throughout the unit blocks was conducted to investigate the effect of the spatial distribution of the building material. Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) hybridized with manufacturing techniques such as Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF), is hypothesized to allow for virtual design, characterization, and production of scaffolds optimized for tissue replacement. This procedure will allow a tissue engineering approach to focus solely on the role of architectural selection by combining symmetric scaffold micro-structures in an anti-symmetric or anisotropic manner as needed. The methodology is discussed in the sphere of bone regeneration, and examples of cataloged shapes are presented. Similar principles may apply for other organs as well.
European Journal of Plastic Surgery, 2013
ABSTRACT Background The authors previously presented favorable outcomes with the use of the horiz... more ABSTRACT Background The authors previously presented favorable outcomes with the use of the horizontal dermal suspension sling and plication of the inferior pedicle in reduction mammaplasty surgical cases. We propose a modification to this technique tailored to patients with moderate to severe ptosis. The modification avoids the vertical scar inherent to the inverted T pattern. Methods The surgical technique utilizes portions of the dermal suspension and plication technique previously described by the authors. Minor modifications were made to take advantage of the vertical excess of skin found in patients with moderate to severe macromastia and ptotic breasts. The modification leads to a superior skin flap that drapes the inferior pedicle and newly constructed breast mound, resulting in a single inframammary scar. Results Thirty-eight women have undergone breast reduction using the vertical scarless inferior pedicle with horizontal dermal suspension and plication surgical technique. Breast projection and shape were sustained during follow-up with positive aesthetic results; the median follow–up time was 7 months. Conclusions The modifications to our surgical technique allowed for an improved appearance in the postoperative breast scar and in the overall cosmetic outcome in patients who underwent large-volume breast reductions. Level of Evidence: IV, therapeutic study
2002 Meeting home, 2002
The midface lift has been employed as an additional tool in facial rejuvenation. The procedure is... more The midface lift has been employed as an additional tool in facial rejuvenation. The procedure is predicated on the concept that gravitational effects in older patients result in descent of the mid-face soft tissues. This leads to a gradual thinning of the tissue over the ...
Computer-Aided Design, 2005
Guided tissue regeneration is gaining importance in the field of orthopaedic tissue engineering a... more Guided tissue regeneration is gaining importance in the field of orthopaedic tissue engineering as need and technology permits the development of site-specific engineering approaches. Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) hybridized with manufacturing techniques such as Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF), is hypothesized to allow for virtual design, characterization, and production of scaffolds optimized for tissue replacement. However, a design scope this broad is not often realized due to limitations in preparing scaffolds both for biological functionality and mechanical longevity. To aid scientists in fabrication of a successful scaffold, we propose characterization and documentation of a library of micro-architectures, capable of being seamlessly merged according to the mechanical properties (stiffness, strength), flow perfusion characteristics, and porosity, determined by the scientist based on application and anatomic location. The methodology is discussed in the sphere of bone regeneration, and examples of catalogued shapes are presented. Similar principles may apply for other organs as well.
Circulation Research, 1999
Endothelial thrombomodulin plays a critical role in hemostasis by binding thrombin and subsequent... more Endothelial thrombomodulin plays a critical role in hemostasis by binding thrombin and subsequently converting protein C to its active form, a powerful anticoagulant. Thrombomodulin thus represents a central mechanism by which patency is maintained in normal vessels. However, thrombomodulin expression decreases in perturbed endothelial cells, predisposing to thrombotic occlusion. An adenoviral construct expressing thrombomodulin (Adv/ RSV-THM) was created and functionally characterized in vitro and in vivo. The impact of local overexpression of thrombomodulin on in vivo thrombus formation was subsequently examined in a stasis/injury model of arterial thrombosis. The construct prevented arterial thrombosis formation in all animals, while viral and nonviral controls typically developed occluding thrombi. By histological analysis, nonviral controls exhibited intravascular thrombus occluding a mean of 70.52Ϯ3.72% of available lumen, while viral controls reached 86.85Ϯ2.82% thrombotic occlusion; in contrast, Adv/RSV-THM reduced thrombosis to 28.61Ϯ3.31% of lumen in cross section. No significant intima-to-media ratio was observed in the thrombomodulin group relative to controls. Local infiltration of granulocytes and macrophages significantly decreased in the Adv/RSV-THM group relative to controls, while neutrophilic infiltration increased in viral controls relative to nonviral controls. This construct thus offers a viable technique for promoting a locally thromboresistant small-caliber artery, without the inflammatory damage that has limited many other adenoviral applications. (Circ Res. 1999;84:84-92.
Circulation, 2000
Background —These studies were initiated to confirm that high-level thrombomodulin overexpression... more Background —These studies were initiated to confirm that high-level thrombomodulin overexpression is sufficient to limit neointima formation after mechanical overdilation injury. Methods and Results —An adenoviral construct expressing thrombomodulin (Adv/RSV-THM) was created and functionally characterized in vitro and in vivo. The impact of local overexpression of thrombomodulin on neointima formation 28 days after mechanical overdilation injury was evaluated. New Zealand White rabbit common femoral arteries were treated with buffer, viral control, or Adv/RSV-THM and subjected to mechanical overdilation injury. The treated vessels (n=4 per treatment) were harvested after 28 days and evaluated to determine intima-to-media (I/M) ratios. Additional experiments were performed to determine early (7-day) changes in extracellular elastin and collagen content; local macrophage, T-cell, and neutrophil infiltration; and local thrombus formation as potential contributors to the observed impact...
Seminars in Plastic Surgery, 2005
Virtual and Physical Prototyping, 2008
… Workshop on the …, 2002
... ERCAN YUKSEL Civil Engineering Faculty of Istanbul Technical University (ITU) 80626 Maslak - ... more ... ERCAN YUKSEL Civil Engineering Faculty of Istanbul Technical University (ITU) 80626 Maslak - Istanbul TURKEY WEIEL MOURTAGE Civil Engineering Faculty of Istanbul Technical University (ITU) 80626 Maslak Istanbul, TURKEY ...
Biomedical Engineering, 1998
An island fascio-cutaneous flap based on a single perforator artery and vein in the dorsum of a r... more An island fascio-cutaneous flap based on a single perforator artery and vein in the dorsum of a rate was developed to perform a quantitative analysis of neo-angiogenesis. Phase 1 was designed to show the augmentative effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and ...
Journal of Vascular and …, 2001
PURPOSE: Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) is the major circulating elastase inhibitor. Deficiency of ela... more PURPOSE: Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) is the major circulating elastase inhibitor. Deficiency of elastase inhibition leads to emphysema and vascular abnormalities including accelerated neointima. Because recent evidence suggests that tissue AAT levels determine inhibitory function, the authors hypothesize that local tissue-based expression of AAT limits elastase activity sufficiently to guide arterial response to injury.
The Journal of Laryngology & Otology, 2009
This study aimed to determine whether magnetic resonance imaging has a role in the evaluation of ... more This study aimed to determine whether magnetic resonance imaging has a role in the evaluation of the sphenoid sinus and internal carotid artery. In addition, we aimed to establish reference measurements for the minimal distance between the internal carotid arteries. The sphenoid sinuses and neighbouring internal carotid arteries of 90 patients were evaluated using sagittal T1-weighted and axial and coronal T2-weighted magnetic resonance images. Sphenoid sinus pneumatisation was categorised as occipitosphenoidal (0 per cent), conchal (3.3 per cent), presellar (14.4 per cent) or sellar (82.2 per cent). The internal carotid artery protruded into the sphenoid sinus in 32.8 per cent, with a septum in 9.4 per cent. The incidence of sellar-type sphenoid sinus pneumatisation was higher in patients with protrusion of the internal carotid artery into the sphenoid sinus (p < 0.001). The incidence of presellar pneumatisation was higher in patients without internal carotid artery protrusion (p < 0.001). The minimal distance between the internal carotid arteries varied between 9.04 and 24.26 mm (mean, 15.94 mm). Magnetic resonance imaging can provide useful information about the sphenoid sinus and internal carotid artery, prior to endoscopic sphenoidotomy and trans-sphenoidal hypophysectomy.
Journal of Surgical Research - J SURG RES, 2004
Introduction. Despite current developments in surgery and manufacturing technology, capsular cont... more Introduction. Despite current developments in surgery and manufacturing technology, capsular contracture is still the most common late complication associated with breast implant surgery. This proposed study was designed to investigate the effect of Rho kinase inhibition on capsule formation. Rho kinases are pivotal regulators of several aspects of cell behavior and contribute to reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, formation of stress fibers, and cell migration in the wound environment. They activate NF-κB by inducing I-κB kinase, which lead to activation of inflammatory pathways during wound healing. However, these responses may yield to extensive inflammatory effect which triggers an uncontrolled synthetic process, as seen in burns. We hypothesized that Rho kinase signaling pathway is up regulated in capsular contracture, which leads to excessive fibrosis, and inhibition of this pathway prevents contracture. This study aims to demonstrate the dynamic interaction between Rho ...
Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A-toxic/hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering, 2005
The Golden Horn has experienced severe pollution due to uncontrolled domestic and industrial wast... more The Golden Horn has experienced severe pollution due to uncontrolled domestic and industrial wastewater discharges until recent years. A restoration project has been developed by our universities, upon a request from Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality. Two principal alternatives for the dredging and disposal of the bottom sediments were considered: disposing on the land and disposing in the sea. Both of these
Journal of …, 1999
The problem of vesselsize discrepancy is still unsolved in microvascular-free tissue transfers. I... more The problem of vesselsize discrepancy is still unsolved in microvascular-free tissue transfers. In an effort to develop a technique perioperatively to dilate smaller vessel diameters, the authors utilized a catheter customarily used in coronary angioplasties, the ...
SUMMARY Specially fabricated two layers of reinforcement grids which are in contact by zig zag sh... more SUMMARY Specially fabricated two layers of reinforcement grids which are in contact by zig zag shape continuous cross bars, are used to construct first the skeletal part of a 3D structure. Since a layer of foam sheet has been placed in between the two surfaces of ...
Technical University, Denmark, DTU, 2007