Edbrainy Whyte - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Edbrainy Whyte

Pediatric Anesthesia, 2013

Emergence delirium (ED) refers to a variety of behavioral disturbances commonly seen in children ... more Emergence delirium (ED) refers to a variety of behavioral disturbances commonly seen in children following emergence from anesthesia. Vapor-based anesthesia with sevoflurane, the most common pediatric anesthetic technique, is associated with the highest incidence of ED. Propofol has been shown to reduce ED, but these studies have been methodologically limited. To conduct a randomized-controlled trial comparing the incidence of ED in children following sevoflurane (SEVO) anesthesia and propofol-remifentanil total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA). One hundred and twelve children, ASA I-II, aged ≥ 2 and ≤ 6 years, undergoing strabismus repair, were assigned to receive TIVA (intravenous induction and maintenance of anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil) or SEVO (inhalational induction and maintenance of anesthesia with sevoflurane). Parent-child induction behavior was scored using the Perioperative Adult Child Behavior Interaction Scale (PACBIS). Postoperatively, ED was assessed by a masked investigator using the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) Scale and pain using the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) Scale every 5 min. Data are reported for 94 subjects. Incidence of ED was higher with SEVO (38.3% vs 14.9%, P = 0.018). There was no difference in the median PACBIS score. A higher FLACC score was seen with SEVO (median 3 vs 1, P = 0.033). Subjects experiencing ED had higher FLACC scores vs those unaffected by ED (median 7 vs 1, P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.0001). There was a lower incidence of ED after TIVA. Both intravenous and inhalational inductions were similarly well-tolerated. The use of TIVA was associated with reduced postoperative pain as measured using FLACC scores.

Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 1981

In 23 adult patients with pancreatic insufficiency, we evaluated the efficacy of a pancreatic enz... more In 23 adult patients with pancreatic insufficiency, we evaluated the efficacy of a pancreatic enzyme delivered as pH-sensitive enteric-coated pancreatic lipase microspheres, and compared it with placebo and other available enzyme supplements. In a short-term study, fecal fat was 23.5 +/- 7 g/day with the microspheres, compared with 29.9 +/- 8 with other supplements, providing fat utilization of 76 +/- 7% versus 63 +/- 10% (p less than 0.05). Microspheres reduced daily stool frequency to 1.9 movements from 4.3 on other enzymes (p less than 0.01). These results were obtained with an average intake of 10 microsphere capsules/day. In a year-long study of 22 patients, an average weight gain of 4.0 +/- 1.1 kg was observed associated with return of near-normal social and work life-style in previously housebound patients.

Journal of Child Language, 2013

ABSTRACTDespite evidence that early narrative abilities are predictive of literacy skills and aca... more ABSTRACTDespite evidence that early narrative abilities are predictive of literacy skills and academic achievement, only limited progress has been made in understanding how the development of these narrative skills can be facilitated. The current study measured the effectiveness of a new narrative intervention conducted with 26 preschoolers. Children were assigned to one of two intervention conditions: an active-choice condition (able to choose story components) or a no-choice condition (story components were preselected). Both groups otherwise received the same explicit and engaging teaching of story grammar. As predicted, greater narrative skill gains were evident for the active-choice intervention; including larger gains on both central story grammar components and story information overall. Future implications for how stories might be presented to young children in order to more richly facilitate narrative skill acquisition are discussed.

Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society, 1952

Section of The Journal of the A. O. C. S. W ItY does the Journal have an abstract section, what i... more Section of The Journal of the A. O. C. S. W ItY does the Journal have an abstract section, what is the policy with regard to the content and form of the abstracts, and what are i~s problems of the future ? Abstracts are, we believe, the backbone of research for they not only tell one what is being done and what has been done, but they very often serve as a source of new ideas and new avenues of approach to old problems. It is our aim to make readily available the current literature on fats, oils, detergents, and waxes, by collecting in one place all the available abstracts on these topics. About half of the abstracts we are interested in can be found in two sections of Chemical Abstracts; but the other half are quite widely scattered, and this is one reason we believe our abstract section serves a useful purpose. The two greatest barriers to anyone trying to keep up with the current litera-': =:~ĩi : :, ture are time and language. Trying to locate articles of specific interest by ::: covering the immense volume of scientific literature which appears regularly ....... every month has become a practical impossibility, not only because of the tiine :: ::: required, but also because versatility in more than a dozen languages would be required; and few of us are so trained that we can read a variety of foreign languag'es with speed and clarity. The abstracts which are published in this I magazine overcome both the time and language barriers. The question has been raised at various times as to whether the costs of the abstracts justify their continuance. We feel that abstracts are money in your pocket, for where else can you obtain the services of five expert abstractors to cull and synopsize the literature which is of particular interest to you for such a small fee as $5 per year, which is the subscription price of this journal? It is D. E.

JAMA, 1961

FOR THE LAST several years, one of the most popular legal subjects of inquiry by physicians has b... more FOR THE LAST several years, one of the most popular legal subjects of inquiry by physicians has been the validity and effect of a covenant not to compete, as used in physician employment contracts. These agreements are commonly referred to as restrictive covenants. A restrictive covenant may be defined as an express provision of an employment contract which restricts the right of the employee, after the conclusion of his term of employment, to engage in a business similar to or competitive with that of the employer. Such restrictions are, in most cases, limited to a specified period of time and a specified geographical area. There can be little doubt that such covenants are common in physician employment contracts. A survey made by the American Association of Medical Clinics in 1954 revealed that 58% of the clinics contacted utilized restrictive covenants in their employment contracts. The survey also showed that

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European Demographic Information Bulletin, 1972

Page 1. 146 EUROPEAN DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION BULLETIN THE ECONOMIC ASPECT OF EUROPEAN LABOR MIGRA... more Page 1. 146 EUROPEAN DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION BULLETIN THE ECONOMIC ASPECT OF EUROPEAN LABOR MIGRATION by Gordon E. Whyte * A massive migration of labor is currently taking place in Europe. The ...

$Research paper thumbnail of Apathy after hip fracture: a potential target for intervention to improve functional outcomes$

The Journal of …, 2009

The authors examined apathy symptoms, their improvement, and their association with functional re... more The authors examined apathy symptoms, their improvement, and their association with functional recovery, after a hip fracture. Of 126 subjects, 37% had clinically significant apathy symptoms, which predicted functional outcome (i.e., poorer recovery from the fracture among those with higher baseline apathy). Of subjects with baseline high apathy, approximately one-third improved; these subjects had a better functional outcome than those with persistently high apathy scores. It is concluded that apathy symptoms are common post-hip fracture but improve in one-third of individuals, with a concomitant improved recovery. Interventions to prevent or improve apathy in elderly persons deserve further attention.

…, 2010

Background Congenital heart disease (CHD) remains one of the most common indications for neonatal... more Background Congenital heart disease (CHD) remains one of the most common indications for neonatal transport and represents a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma on many occasions. Improvements in prenatal diagnosis, surgical techniques and intensive care ...

… journal of geriatric …, 2008

Objective Prior research has found that disability and apathy are associated with late-life depre... more Objective Prior research has found that disability and apathy are associated with late-life depression. However, the effect of age on these associations in ''late-life,'' an ambiguous term encompassing all individuals typically older than 60 years, has not been examined. We investigated the association of depression with disability, apathy and resilience across the age range of late-life. Methods One hundred and five community-dwelling elderly with moderate levels of disability were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Hardy-Gill Resilience Scale, Starkstein Apathy Scale and IADL/ADL questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis was used to assess relationships between depression, disability, apathy and resilience, stratified by age (<80 vs. >80). Results In the <80 year old subject group, resilience, apathy and disability scores (partial type III R 2 ¼ 11.1%, 10.4% and 12.8%, respectively) equally contributed to the variability of GDS score. In contrast, in the >80 year old subject group, apathy (partial type III R 2 ¼ 18.7%) had the greatest contribution to GDS score. Conclusions In elderly persons under age 80, resilience, apathy and disability all have relatively equal contributions to depression scores, whereas in those over age 80, depression is most highly correlated with apathy. These data suggest that depressive symptoms in elderly persons have different clinical features along the age spectrum from young-old to old-old.

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2011

Dialogue, 2010

Concerns for safety and security as South Africa's hosting of 2010 FIFA World Cup draws nearer hi... more Concerns for safety and security as South Africa's hosting of 2010 FIFA World Cup draws nearer highlight the degree to which South Africa's reputation for a relatively peaceful transition from Apartheid has been replaced by its reputation for violent crime. Its transition, and the peacebuilding efforts that followed it, are not completely unrelated to its current high levels of violent crime. In fact, this article argues that there were a number of issues South Africa's peacebuilding process failed to address that are relevant to the country's violent crime situation. A significant reason for this failure was an inability or unwillingness to engage the full spectrum of Apartheid's violence with equal rigour. Apartheid inflicted structural violence, through it racially oppressive laws, as well as physical violence, through enforcing its laws and suppressing its opposition, on the people of South Africa. Peacebuilding in South Africa primarily focused on Apartheid's physical violence. Through the work of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, the focus was narrowed down further to physical political violence. Due to this narrow focus, it did not attend effectively to non-political violence-which includes gender-based violence, the esteem violence had attained during and due to Apartheid, disarming the country of illegal firearms, and narrowing the income gap between the country's rich and poor. While South Africa proudly claims ownership of its conflict resolution and peacebuilding processes, it still emulated predominant models of building peace through liberal democracy and a market economy. These models have been drawn from Western success stories in diminishing interstate conflict, while South Africa is a developing country that was recovering from an intrastate conflict. Pursuing these models has had benefits for South Africa, but not in many of the ways it needed in order to effectively prevent a surge in criminal violence in the wake of Apartheid. 2 Ali and Matthews (2004: 7) describe two phases of peacebuilding-a first, "transitional phase of several years", and a second period of peace consolidation. Peacebuilding in South Africa in this article refers to the first phase. 3 This heritage of the Coloured people is what makes labeling Black South Africans as exclusively "African" problematic. 4 The inverted commas are to acknowledge that racial purity is a fallacy, and that all races have been mixed.

Pediatric Research, 1997

Close Window. Close Window. Thank you for choosing to subscribe to the eTOC for Pediatric Researc... more Close Window. Close Window. Thank you for choosing to subscribe to the eTOC for Pediatric Research. Enter your Email address: Wolters Kluwer Health may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed to maintaining ...

Social system and tradition in southern Africa, 1978

Objective-Adolescents, elderly persons, African Americans, and rural residents with bipolar disor... more Objective-Adolescents, elderly persons, African Americans, and rural residents with bipolar disorder are less likely than their middle-aged, white, urban counterparts to be diagnosed, receive adequate treatment, remain in treatment once identified, and have positive outcomes. The Bipolar Disorder Center for Pennsylvanians (BDCP) study was designed to address these disparities. This report highlights the methods used to recruit, screen, and enroll a cohort of difficult-to-recruit individuals with bipolar disorder. Methods-Study sites included three specialty clinics for bipolar disorder in a university setting and a rural behavioral health clinic. Study operations were standardized, and all study personnel were trained in study procedures. Several strategies were used for recruitment. Results-It was possible to introduce the identical assessment and screening protocol in settings regardless of whether they had a history of implementing research protocols. This protocol was also able to be used across the age spectrum, in urban and rural areas, and in a racially diverse cohort of participants. Across the four sites 515 individuals with bipolar disorder were enrolled as a result of these methods (69 African Americans and 446 non-African Americans). Although clinical characteristics at study entry did not differ appreciably between African Americans and non-African Americans, the pathways into treatment differed significantly.

Depression and anxiety disorders are very common in the elderly. Data accumulated over the past 2... more Depression and anxiety disorders are very common in the elderly. Data accumulated over the past 2 decades have shown that most older patients can tolerate and respond to acute treatment with serotonergic antidepressants, other psychotropic agents, or manual-based psychotherapy. However, outcomes under usual-care conditions remain poor. This review proposes that clinicians may significantly improve the long-term outcomes of their older patients with depression and anxiety by focusing on four key factors: (1) identification and treatment of comorbid conditions; (2) full remission of acute symptoms; (3) education of patients, families, and professional colleagues about the need for long-term treatment; and (4) prevention and management of medication side-effects.

Journal of advanced …, 2006

Nurses' opportunistic interventions with patients in relation to smoking Aim. This paper reports ... more Nurses' opportunistic interventions with patients in relation to smoking Aim. This paper reports a study exploring nurses' provision of opportunistic health education on smoking for hospital patients. Background. Smoking cessation guidelines recommend assessment of patients' smoking habits and provision of smoking cessation advice when possible, and highlight the importance of the role of nurses in health promotion and health education. In the past, nurses have been criticized for lack of knowledge, skills and confidence in relation to health education and the perception that it is additional to, rather than integrated with, nursing care. Methods. A qualitative case study design was selected to explore the health education practice of 12 nurses working in acute wards in three general hospitals in Scotland. Data were collected in 2000 through non-participant observation, semistructured interviews and the use of a radio-microphone to record nurse-patient interactions. The data analysis was guided by four key elements of health education practice: 'the teachable moment', 'readiness to learn', 'the provision of health information' and 'oral communication'. Findings. Smoking was part of the nurses' agenda, as most recognized opportunities to introduce health education on smoking during nursing care, suggesting a tentative move towards the integration of health education with nursing care. Evidence from patients' interactions indicated ample opportunity for nurses to provide smoking-related health information. However, the content of nurses' interactions on smoking was variable, with some limited by poor communication skills and inadequate knowledge of smoking and smoking cessation. The context of the interactions was also important in understanding some of the restrictions on conversational progress. Conclusions. Nurses require the knowledge and skills to perform a health education role, and the inclusion of smoking cessation guidelines in nursing curricula would contribute to this. Where patients are in hospitals for short periods of time, opportunistic health education on smoking needs to be introduced as the basis for more specialist intervention.