American Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics (AJPP) (original) (raw)

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Papers by American Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics (AJPP)

Objective: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of Morphine and Gabapentin alone and as adju... more Objective: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of Morphine and Gabapentin alone and as adjuvant with diclofenac by using formalin induced paw edema model. Methods: After acclimatization of one week, adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups: control and treatment (n=6). Treatment group received diclofenac (10 mg/kg), gabapentin (150 mg/kg), morphine (15 mg/kg), gabapentin (150 mg/kg) + diclofenac (10 mg/kg) and morphine (15 mg/kg) + diclofenac (10 mg/kg), respectively. Paw edema was produced by injecting 0.2ml of 2% formalin subcutaneously on the dorsal surface of right hind paw. Animals received drug treatment 30 minutes before injection of formalin and paw volume was measured at 0, 30, 60, 120 and 240 minutes after formalin challenge with help of mercury plethysmometer. Results: Both morphine and gabapentin alone and in combination with diclofenac caused a significant reduction (p< 0.01) in rat paw edema when compared to group given saline only. Reduction in paw edema with gabapentin and diclofenac was significantly superior when compared with either drug alone. Conclusions: Combination of gabapentin and diclofenac showed synergistic anti-inflammatory effect as compared to either drug alone or combination of morphine + diclofenac groups.

Objective: Studying the impact of three different types of organic solvent namely toluene, methan... more Objective: Studying the impact of three different types of organic solvent namely toluene, methanol and acetone on the main crystallographic phase of metformin drug. Methods: Calculations of solubilities rates accompanied with XRD analyses, plus accurate monitoring of metformin microstructural features as function of applied solvent of crystallization process. Results: XRD analyses indicated that applied solvent has no impact on the crystal structure of metformin. The roughness of metformin surface's were monitored by using high resolution SEM and AFM-microscope. Conclusion: Surface roughness plays an important role on dissolution rates process and consequently solvation rates. Enhancing or decreasing dissolution rates could be benefit in metformin drug industries.

The genus Cicer comprises 9 annual species and 31 perennial species and out of 9 annuals one spec... more The genus Cicer comprises 9 annual species and 31 perennial species and out of 9 annuals one species is under cultivation namely Cicer arietinum. The existing genetic variability has been harnessed in plant breeding programme which further narrowed the genetic base in cultigens. Therefore, from the variation enhancement point of view, the present study has been undertaken to assess the mutagenicity of the physical and chemical agents. The mutation breeding or mutagenesis is one of the important and useful technique and protocol to increase the mutation spectrum in the wild species which in turn could be introduced into the cultivated species to improve the qualitative and quantitative traits. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis is significance tool to assess the variation in the treated materials in form of protein profile. The seed protein profile has been studied in wild chickpea and its mutant treated with chemical and physical mutagens separately and in combination treatment and compared with the untreated parent. The analysis of the banding pattern of the control and induced mutants has been performed as per UPGMA grouping and Jaccard Similarity Coefficient. The maximum major band has been observed in the control while its mutants represent less than that of the control. The polypeptide bands shows varying size from 5.92 KDa to119.08 KDa. The genetic distance between all the 10 treatment varied from 0.333 to 0.75 as revealed by Jaccard Similarity Coefficient. The dendrogram represent one parent and 9 mutants into two major cluster in the present investigation. The induced mutants represent the deviation from the parent indicating variation when compared to the control in the present study.

Punica granatum is a valuable medicinal plant traditionally used to cure skin infections. This st... more Punica granatum is a valuable medicinal plant traditionally used to cure skin infections. This study was aimed to determine the antifungal activity of P. granatum leaves against Malassezia species which commonly causes superficial skin infections in humans. Agar well diffusion method was performed using aqueous and methanol extracts of P. granatum leaves against three species of Malassezia. The chosen methanol crude extract was fractionated and the fractions were tested for antifungal activity. TLC was performed on the chosen ethyl acetate fraction followed by contact bioautography. Methanol crude extract and the ethyl acetate fraction of methanol crude extract exhibited the highest antifungal activity against the tested Malassezia species. Phytochemical analysis using TLC revealed the presence many bio-active compounds in the ethyl acetate fraction. Contact bioautography of the detected spots of TLC indicated growth inhibitory activities in Malassezia species. Results reveal that many phytochemicals present in P. granatum are effective against Malassezia species.

Integrative veterinary therapies include comprehensive medical approach to animal care that combi... more Integrative veterinary therapies include comprehensive medical approach to animal care that combines the best of conventional medicine and complementary and alternative medicines or therapies. Complementary and alternative veterinary medicine therapies that may be included in an integrative medicine approach include chiropractic therapy, acupuncture, phytotherapy, nutraceuticals, homeopathy, physiotherapy, aromatherapy, chromotherapy etc. and are designed to stimulate adaptive homeostatic mechanisms in the body and or to provide the body substances by which the body can heal itself.

The objective of this study was to develop a colon targeted drug delivery of budesonide for the t... more The objective of this study was to develop a colon targeted drug delivery of budesonide for the treatment of Ulcerative Colitis (UC). Budesonide were selected as model standard drugs to treat UC. Budesonide is a potent, synthetic non-halogenated corticosteroid with high topical antiinflammatory effect and little systemic effects. Tablets were prepared by using HPMC K4M and Eudragit L30D coating for the sustained release in the entire colon region. The formulations were evaluated for pharmacopoeial quality control tests and all the physical parameters evaluated were within the acceptable limits. Formulation S15 was proved to be good drug content, dimensional stability, lag time and drug release in the colonic region as compared to the other formulations. Stability studies were carried out on the optimized formulation S15 for period of 3 months at 40 0 c/75 %RH. Finally it was observed that there was no change in physiochemical and physical properties as well as in drug release profile even after storage at 45 °C and 75 % for three months.

Forced degradation is a extensively employed method carried out in pharmaceutical development in ... more Forced degradation is a extensively employed method carried out in pharmaceutical development in order to develop stability, demonstrating methods that provides quality and steadiness information to comprehend the degradation pathways of the drug substance and its impurities. There are various distinctive brands accessible in market for diltiazem. It will be a calcium opponent profitable in the medicine about secure, variant and unstable (flimsy angina pectoris). Concomitant perusing parallel β-adrenoceptor opponent therapy, happen infrequently as an adverse impact about diltiazem medication. The reason for this examine create the investigations from claiming two diverse brands for diltiazem 60mg. It might have been subjected under different stress condition concerning illustration for every (ICH) worldwide meeting with respect to harmonization rules. Sresses like Acid/base, variability in temperature, photo degradation and with time (7days). Also with occasion when under capacity temperature. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopic headway might have been produced should ascertain. Furthermore examine the measure about medication. Refined water might have been taken as solvents. The measure about stress effect of medication might have been computed by taking absorbance at 237 nm. As stated by those test farthest point for USP characterized that those content ought not make under 95% not more than 105% for claimed amount. Local brand demonstrated degradation after the addition of 0.1 N NaOH, 0.1 N HCL and with the passage of time (7 days) on storage conditions. The method was found to be uncomplicated and less time strong and cost effective. Henceforth this system might make effectively used to consider stress degradation for diltiazem to little business the place secondary limit instruments are not accessible.

Background: one of the major factors for preservation and prevention of spread of diseases is Hyg... more Background: one of the major factors for preservation and prevention of spread of diseases is Hygiene. Hand hygiene refers to cleaning of hands with soap or water which removes extraneous matter as well as microorganisms from skin. Drying hands properly is also part of hand hygiene as pathogens flourish in wet media. Objective: The purpose of present study was to evaluate awareness regarding hand hygiene in general population, association between infection and hand hygiene, methods adopted by general population for hand hygiene and reasons of noncompliance regarding hand hygiene. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on general population in different age groups (15-50 years) from different universities, hospitals and public places in Karachi to determine their concept of hand hygiene and reasons of non compliance. Results: Our results indicated that majority of population was aware about hand hygiene but wash hands only for specific purposes whereas infants and elderly are more prone to infections due to poor hygiene. Another factor is unavailability of clean water. Conclusion: From above study we found we need to create awareness regarding importance of hand hygiene as factor that can prevent from spread of infections by educating general population (literate and illiterate) through media and seminars and try to take initiatives to make availability of clean water possible.

The present 3D-AFM-investigations introduce important conclusive remarks enhance scientific commu... more The present 3D-AFM-investigations introduce important conclusive remarks enhance scientific community to understand why gramicidin family as antibiotic cream or ointment are structurally suitable with special surface topography enhance it to be applied as ointment. Methods: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) accompanied with atomic force microscopy (AFM) High-resolution Atomic Force microscopy (AFM) are used for testing morphological features and topological map of the investigated drug. Results: Gramicidin has huge surface area due to poly-peptide chain configuration. Conclusion: AFM-investigation proved that gramicidin internal microstructure has poly-peptide chain fitted and suitable to be applied as interfacial cream/ointment antibiotic.

Objective: The present investigations are focusing to give informative data on the effect of part... more Objective: The present investigations are focusing to give informative data on the effect of particles size on the solubility limits of cefixime antibiotic. Methods: 3D-AFM, SEM and XRD will be applied to monitoring the effect of grain size on solubility limits and to introduce complete image with analysis for micro-structural features of cefixime drug. Results: Solubility of cefixime drug was grain size dependent and 3D-AFM features of cefixime play important role in solubility limits besides solvent type .Obtained results confirmed that, there are strong correlation between surface area and solubility limits of cefixime. Conclusion: Hyperfine nano-structural features for cefixime have vital role in its solubility limits and answer the question why this hetero-molecule is suitable structurally to their function as antibacterial drug.

Aim: MCP-1 (monocyte chemo attractant protein-1) plays an important role on atherosclerotic lessi... more Aim: MCP-1 (monocyte chemo attractant protein-1) plays an important role on atherosclerotic lessions. We studied the association of MCP-1 with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and coronary artery disease (CAD) as manifestations of cardiovascular disease in patients on the end stage of renal disease. Methods: We included 76 patients on on-line hemodiafiltration. The sodium removal and the ratio of LDL/HDL were calculated. Serum MCP-1 concentrations were measured using enzyme linked immunoabsorbed assay (ELISA).We performed a logistic-regression analysis to investigate the impact of MCP-1 on LVH and CAD after adjustment for the traditional and specific cardiovascular risk factors for dialysis patients. Results: We found a positive correlation of MCP-1 with LDL/HDL ratio, but inverse association with sodium removal (r=0.315, p=0.04 and r=-0.288, p=0.01 respectively).The built logistic-regression analysis did not show significant impact of MCP-1 on CAD, but it was found as a significant independent predictor of LVH (B=0.004, p=0.04, OR=1.004, 1.000-1.008). Conclusion: We observed a significant impact of MCP-1 serum concentrations on the LVH in patients on the end stage of renal disease, due may to its relationship with sodium retention and fluid overload, but we did not find a significant association with CAD. Pharmaceutical inhibition of this chemokine may be usefull for these patients, but more studies need to support such a conclusion.

The objective of this study was to report a case of oral leukoerythroplakia, which is a potential... more The objective of this study was to report a case of oral leukoerythroplakia, which is a potentially malignant disorder and has a high malignant transformation rate.

Results: Treatment with nebivolol significantly reduced intensity of muscular rigidity, akinesia,... more Results: Treatment with nebivolol significantly reduced intensity of muscular rigidity, akinesia, tremors, duration of catalepsy and increase fighting behaviour. The locomotor activity, exploratory behavior and grip strength were significantly improved by nebivolol. In rotenone model, the biochemical analysis of brain revealed the increased level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and decreased levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Treatment with nebivolol significantly reduced LPO level and restored the defensive antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT. Conclusion: Nebivolol may be used as a neuroprotective agent in the treatment of parkinsons disease along with standard anti-parkinson agents.

Objective: The aim of present study was to compare the effect of Singhnad guggulu and Trayodasang... more Objective: The aim of present study was to compare the effect of Singhnad guggulu and Trayodasanga guggulu in the management of Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis w.s.r. to Amavata. Methods: 20 patients satisfying criteria of Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis of 7 to 16 yrs age group of either sex had been randomly selected from OPD

As we know all that the hand function is very important for our daily life. Finger and partial fi... more As we know all that the hand function is very important for our daily life. Finger and partial finger amputations are some of the most frequently encountered forms of partial hand loss which causes significant mental and economic damage to an individual. An silicone glove finger esthetic prosthesis can offer psychological, functional, and rehabilitative advantages. This clinical report demonstrates a method to fabricate silicone rubber prosthesis for a patient who has a partial finger loss.

The pyridazine ring is present in various biologically active compounds and some pyridazine compo... more The pyridazine ring is present in various biologically active compounds and some pyridazine compounds have been reported as valuable cardiovascular agents. Benzimidazole-pyridazinone compound, 4,5-dihydro-6-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-benzimidazole-5-yl]-5-methyl-3(2H)pyridazinone (pimobedan or vetmedin) is a potent cardiovascular agent. It is a non adrenergic, non-glycoside inotropic drug with vasodilator activities and exerts a stimulatory myocardial activity by a dual mechanism of action with raise in calcium sensitivity of cardiac myofilaments and inhibition of phosphodiesterase. Pyridazine is an attractive compound for designing and development of novel pyridazine compounds as cardiotonic agents in future.