Eduardo Franco - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Eduardo Franco

Lancet Oncology, 2002

Epidemiological studies have shown that the number of sexual male partners a woman has is directl... more Epidemiological studies have shown that the number of sexual male partners a woman has is directly related to her risk of developing cervical cancer and its precursors, cervical

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1995

Our purpose was to determine pregnancy outcome and parturition in women who were treated by loop ... more Our purpose was to determine pregnancy outcome and parturition in women who were treated by loop electrosurgical excision for squamous intraepithelial lesions. A series of 574 consecutive women of reproductive age (15 to 44 years old) were treated by loop electroexcision for low- and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. The incidence of pregnancies was determined in these women within a 3-year period after therapy by comparing the "observed" number of pregnancies with the "expected" number of pregnancies in the study population, assuming that fertility rates in these women were the same as in the untreated general female population. Pregnancy outcome was correlated in the 53 women who were delivered of an infant with the posttreatment appearance of the cervix and birth weight with maternal smoking. The incidence of pregnancy in the study population was 8.5 per 100 woman years compared with 7.4 per 100 woman years in the untreated central population. Fifty-three women had 54 pregnancies, of which 46 (84%) were live births either at term (40) or between 37 and 39 weeks of gestation (6), and three patients are at present at 24, 34, and 36 weeks of gestation. There were two stillbirths and three first-trimester spontaneous abortions. Premature delivery was not observed. External os stenosis (one case), shortening of the cervix (one case), and repeat electroexcision (four cases) had no adverse effect on pregnancy and parturition. Smoking > or = 10 cigarettes per day before and during pregnancy, rather than loop electrosurgical excision per se, was associated with lower-birth-weight babies than those of nonsmokers (p < 0.01). Loop electrosurgical excision to a maximum depth of 1.5 cm and a mean frontal diameter of 1.8 cm does not appear to have adverse effects on subsequent pregnancy outcome and parturition.

International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 1997

The objective of this study was to assess if drinking water meeting currently accepted microbiolo... more The objective of this study was to assess if drinking water meeting currently accepted microbiological standards is the source of gastrointestinal illnesses and to attempt to identify the source(s) of these illnesses. A randomized prospective study was conducted over a period of 16 months (September 1993 ±December 1994 in a middle class suburban community served by a single water filtration plant. A representative sample of 1400 families were selected and randomly allocated in four groups of 350, to the following regimens: (1) tap water; (2) tap water from a continuously purged tap; (3) bottled plant water; (4) purified bottled water (tap water treated by reverse osmosis or spring water). The water treatment plant produced wather that met or exceeded current North American regulations for drinking water quality. The distribution system was found to be in compliance for both coliforms and chlorine. Using the purified water group as the baseline, the excess of gastrointestinal illness associated with tap water was 14% in the tap group and 19% in the tap-valve group. Children 2 ±5 years old were the most affected with an excess of 17% in the tap group and 40% in the tap-valve group. Mottled plant water was not the source of any increase in the incidence of gastrointestinal illnesses, even if it contained very high levels of heterotrophic bacteria after two weeks. The data collected suggest that 14 ±40% of the gastrointestinal illnesses are attributable to tap water meeting current standards and that the water distribution system appears to be partly responsible for these illnesses.

International Journal of Epidemiology, 1995

Kaisemnan M. Associations between cigarette smoking and each of 21 types of cancer. A multi-site ... more Kaisemnan M. Associations between cigarette smoking and each of 21 types of cancer. A multi-site case-control study. IntemationatJoumalotEpidemiology 1995; 24; 504-514. Background. Although the effects of cigarette smoking on cancer risk have been well documented, there remain several outstanding issues to be clarified, including the determination of which types of cancer are associated with smoking and estimation of the magnitude of the effect of smoking on different types of cancer. A further issue is whether the effects seen elsewhere can be demonstrated in Canada, where tobacco products differ somewhat from those in other countries. Methods. A case-control study was undertaken in Montreal to investigate the associations between a large number of environmental and occupational exposures on the one hand, and several types of cancer on the other. Between 1979 and 1985, interviews were canned out with incident male cases of 21 types of cancer, including 15 anatomical sites and six histological subtypes. The interview was designed to obtain detailed information on smoking histories, job histories, and other potential confounders. Altogether. 3730 cancer patients and 533 population controls were interviewed. For each type of cancer analysed, two control groups were used: population controls and cancer controls (selected from among other cancer patients). The purpose of the present analysis is to estimate the relative risk of each of 21 types of cancer in relation to smoking and to estimate the percentage of cancer cases attributable to cigarette smoking. Results. Separate analyses conducted with the two control groups produced similar results. Of the many sites of cancer examined, the following were not associated with cigarette smoking: colon, rectum, liver, prostate, kidney and skin (melanoma). Within the lymphoreticular system, there was no excess risk of Hodgkin's lymphoma, although the results for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were weakly suggestive of an association with smoking. The following sites were clearly associated with smoking: lung (odds ratio {OR] =12.1), bladder (OR = 2.4). oesophagus (OR = 2.4), stomach (OR = 1.7), and pancreas {OR = 1.6). Population attributable risk percentages due to smoking were 90% for lung, 53% for bladder, 54% for oesophagus, 35% for stomach, and 33% for pancreas. Conclusions. Of the 21 types of cancer examined, the following were associated with smoking among men in Montreal: lung (including all major histotogicaJ subtypes), bladder (and its main histological subtypes), oesophagus, stomach and pancreas. Smoking likely accounts for a large proportion of cancers occurring at these sites.