Eduardo Landulfo - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Eduardo Landulfo
Frontiers in Sustainable Cities
Due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many cities implemented strict lockdown to stop the s... more Due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many cities implemented strict lockdown to stop the spread of this new disease. Consequently, it was reported lower levels of air pollution due to less human activity outdoors. The changes were registered using surface monitoring stations or satellite observations. However, modeling those environmental changes has remained a challenge because of our limitations in the emissions estimation and also, for the numerical modeling itself. In this study, the vehicular emissions were estimated for March 2020 in the megacity of São Paulo using the Vehicular Emissions INventory model (VEIN). The emissions estimation showed an increment of VOC/NO2 downtown, due to the decrease in circulation of urban transportation and light vehicles. Then, a set of Weather Research and Forecasting models with chemistry (WRF-Chem) simulations were performed with different chemical mechanisms and initial conditions. The modeled diurnal cycles represent the variations ...
Atmosphere, 2022
In this work, the possible benefits obtained due to the implementation of evaporative emissions c... more In this work, the possible benefits obtained due to the implementation of evaporative emissions control measures, originating from vehicle fueling processes, on ozone concentrations are verified. The measures studied are: (1) control at the moment when the tank trucks supply the fuel to the gas stations (Stage 1); (2) control at the moment when the vehicles are refueled at the gas stations, through a device installed in the pumps (Stage 2); (3) same as the previous control, but through a device installed in the vehicles (ORVR). The effects of these procedures were analyzed using numerical modeling with the VEIN and WRF/Chem models for a base case in 2018 and different emission scenarios, both in 2018 and 2031. The results obtained for 2018 show that the implementation of Stages 1 and 2 would reduce HCNM emissions by 47.96%, with a consequent reduction of 19.9% in the average concentrations of tropospheric ozone. For 2031, the greatest reductions in ozone concentrations were obtained...
Remote Sensing [Working Title], 2020
South America covers a large area of the globe and plays a fundamental function in its climate ch... more South America covers a large area of the globe and plays a fundamental function in its climate change, geographical features, and natural resources. However, it still is a developing area, and natural resource management and energy production are far from a sustainable framework, impacting the air quality of the area and needs much improvement in monitoring. There are significant activities regarding laser remote sensing of the atmosphere at different levels for different purposes. Among these activities, we can mention the mesospheric probing of sodium measurements and stratospheric monitoring of ozone, and the study of wind and gravity waves. Some of these activities are long-lasting and count on the support from the Latin American Lidar Network (LALINET). We intend to pinpoint the most significant scientific achievements and show the potential of carrying out remote sensing activities in the continent and show its correlations with other earth science connections and synergies. I...
Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia, 2016
In the present study, the physical parameterizations of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF... more In the present study, the physical parameterizations of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model are verified for making accurate inferences about the dynamics of the Thermal Internal Boundary Layer (TIBL) generated by sea breeze in an urban center with an island in a bay along a coastal region with rugged topography. The simulations were performed using parameterizations from Yonsei University (YSU), Mellor-Yamada-Janjic (MYJ) and Asymmetric Convective Model version 2 (ACM2) for the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and Noah and Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) for the Land Surface Model (LSM). The data inferred by the WRF model were compared with those obtained by a Surface Meteorological Station (SMS) and by measurements generated using Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR), Sonic Detection and Ranging (SODAR) and radiosonde. The simulations showed that although the object of this research was a region with high geographical complexity, the YSU parameterization set (non-local closur...
Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere XXII
Aerosols can play the role of cloud and ice condensation nuclei. This study shows a set of measur... more Aerosols can play the role of cloud and ice condensation nuclei. This study shows a set of measurements and experiments analysis in remote sensing, in distinct scenarios of cloud cover during day/nightime measurements using lidar, visible all-sky camera and solar photometry. The retrieved products are studied to obtain aerosol optical and physical properties in the vicinity of clouds. In this approach cloud cover and optical properties should be retrieved as well main features used for cloud pixel identification, e. g., Red/Blue Difference, Red/Blue Ratio, Normalized Red/Blue Ratio, Saturation and Intensity. We show some case studies to illustrate this methodology.
Lidars have demonstrated their capability for studying the atmosphere. The most prominent applica... more Lidars have demonstrated their capability for studying the atmosphere. The most prominent applications are measurements of ozone, aerosol, contaminants, temperature, water vapor and winds. During more than a decade the development of regional lidar networks has been taking place. The current effort of the WMO through the GAW Program to organize the GAW Aerosol Lidar Observation Network (GALION) is a logical and necessary step in that direction aimed to the addition of aerosol lidar information to the current flux of meteorological information feeding the regional and national Meteorological Services. Outputs from the GALION meeting held in Hamburg, Germany, in March 2007 will be briefly described. In that context the paper will analyze the ongoing effort to create a Lidar Network in Latin America. Progress and difficulties will be discussed. A strategy will be presented on how to combine the national and regional interests of the current and future lidar teams in Latin America. This...
Brazil has an important role in the biomass burning aerosol activity. During the Dry Season (June... more Brazil has an important role in the biomass burning aerosol activity. During the Dry Season (JuneSeptember) of 2007 at Sao Paulo-SP and during the Dry season of 2009 at Rio Claro-SP, both in Brazil, aerosol profiling campaigns were carried out using a backscattering LIDAR system. The objective of this work is to evaluate the effects of the biomass burning in the southeastern Brazil, over distant (Sao Paulo SP) (23 33’S, 46 44’W) and near (Rio Claro SP) (22 23S, 47 32W) regions of the source of burnings mainly through laser remote sensing (LIDAR).
The objective of this project is the study of aerosols optical properties in the Sao Paulo atmosp... more The objective of this project is the study of aerosols optical properties in the Sao Paulo atmosphere using an elastic backscattering LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) system set-up in the Center for Lasers and Applications (CLA) at the Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN) located at University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Besides, our system is in the list of the correlative validation of CALIPSO Satellite mission effort. We show here a methodology to be followed and first preliminary results of the correlative measurements between the groundbase system at IPEN and the satellite mission.
The Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) is the region of troposphere situated in its lower part. Due t... more The Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) is the region of troposphere situated in its lower part. Due to its direct contact with the surface and it's responsible for the main energy exchanges with the Atmosphere [5], influencing directly the climate. Therefore, the understanding of its behavior and the main factors that influence the PBL are very important to allow for a reasonable description and comprehension of the main process occurring at low altitude. The LIDAR technique has been appointed by many authors as one of the best tools to investigate the PBL thanks to its good spatial and time resolutions, besides enabling the realization of data capture without to influence the study object.[1,2,3]
The Latin America Lidar Network (LALINET, http://lalinet.org) is a Latin American coordinated lid... more The Latin America Lidar Network (LALINET, http://lalinet.org) is a Latin American coordinated lidar network, established in 2001, focused on the measurement particle backscatter and extinction profiles for climatological studies of the particle distribution over Latin America, as well as other atmospheric species such as ozone and water vapor. This federative lidar network aims to establish, on voluntary basis, a consistent and statistically relevant database to enhance the understanding of the particle distribution over the continent and its direct and indirect influence on climate.
LALINET (Latin American Lidar Network) follows its goal to consolidation as a federative lidar ne... more LALINET (Latin American Lidar Network) follows its goal to consolidation as a federative lidar network to provide regional coverage over Latin America in providing aerosol and greenhouse gas profiles following QA/QC protocols and promoting the development of researchers and students in atmopheric science field. We show recent results on different approaches for studying the optical properties of the atmosphere regarding aerosols at tropospheric and stratospheric level and greenhouse gas mixing ratio profiles followed by our recent support and validation efforts towards present and future satellite missions.
Fugitive emissions, defined as unintended or irregular leaks of gases and vapors, are an importan... more Fugitive emissions, defined as unintended or irregular leaks of gases and vapors, are an important source of pollutants to the atmosphere, which is difficult to monitor and control. These sources are present in different sites, especially in regions that are growing in size and economic activity. In this study, we present the results of the capability to detect methane profiles at low troposphere combining data retrieval correlations between a rotacional/vibracional Raman lidar (RVRL) and a cavity ring-down spectrometer (CRDS). The measurements were made at two different sites, metropolitan area of Sao Paulo (MSP) and industrial area of Cubatao (IC). The lidar is based on a tripled Nd:YAG laser with a 20 Hz repetition rate, operating on the 355 nm wavelength elastic channel, the 353 nm and 396 nm wavelength inelastic channels. A measurement protocol was established, considering acquisition time for signal accumulation, climatic conditions and data above and below the planetary bound...
Fugitive emissions, defined as unintended or irregular leaks of gases and vapors, are an importan... more Fugitive emissions, defined as unintended or irregular leaks of gases and vapors, are an important source of air pollution that is difficult to monitor and control. Within industrial facilities such as oil and gas processing plants, fugitive methane emissions can be a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions. In Brazil, as in other countries, there are specific regions with high concentration of industrial activities, and showing high population density. These sites, including megacities like São Paulo, are growing in size and economic activity. At the same time, there is a remarkable growth in concerns about the environmental issues associated with these activities. In a constantly changing world, with increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs), among them methane (CH4) and volatile organic compounds (VOC), mitigation of atmospheric emission these gases to contain global warming, is of key concern, gas data suggest that fugitive emissions accounted for more than 5% ...
A retrospective view of the build-up and evolution of the lidar community in Latin America is pre... more A retrospective view of the build-up and evolution of the lidar community in Latin America is presented. Regular workshops providing exchange opportunities between Latin American lidar teams and facilitating contacts worldwide are highlighted. Sustained by an informal agreement between the leaders of a small number of initial lidar teams, its formalization is still pending. The contribution of the international community in helping to maintain the workshops every two years, leading to the development of local scientific capacities and the publication of the papers presented is noteworthy. Clear and precise goals have been maintained throughout the years, guaranteeing success. Efforts have been dedicated to capacity building mainly with the pre-workshop courses. Exchanges of students and scientists in the region and with the rest of the world contribute to increasing local lidar scientific expertise. The increase from 5 lidar teams and 3 prospective sites in 2001 to 9 teams, with 3 s...
Aerosol Science and Technology
Abstract The use of face masks is mandatory in public places in many countries to slow the spread... more Abstract The use of face masks is mandatory in public places in many countries to slow the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. In developing countries, homemade masks with varying techniques and fabrics are used on the streets. On these fabric masks, the protection against SARS-CoV-2 varies significantly. The most common mask types are N95, surgical masks, and homemade nonwoven and cotton masks. The performance of 227 different face masks used in Brazil was evaluated to quantify their breathability and filtration efficiency (FE) for airborne particles. FE values were measured using NaCl aerosol particles sized from 60 to 300 nm and at 300 nm, minimum efficiency. The differential pressure drop over the mask and the FEmin at 300 nm was used to calculate the mask Quality Factor (QF). The N95 masks showed the highest FE60-300, around 0.98, and a QF of 13.2 KPa−1, and were considered the reference for evaluating homemade masks performance. Surgical masks have an FE60-300 of 0.89, with a good QF of 15.9 KPa−1. Nonwoven masks showed an average FE60-300 of 0.78, with an excellent QF of 24.9 KPa−1, and can be regarded as the best material for homemade masks. The most commonly used material for homemade masks, cotton fabrics, showed significant variability in FE60-300, ranging from a low 0.20–0.60, with a low QF of 1.4 KPa−1. Masks always reduce droplets and aerosols emitted by COVID-19 symptomatic and asymptomatic persons, reducing SARS-CoV-2 contamination. Copyright © 2021 American Association for Aerosol Research
Frontiers in Sustainable Cities
Due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many cities implemented strict lockdown to stop the s... more Due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many cities implemented strict lockdown to stop the spread of this new disease. Consequently, it was reported lower levels of air pollution due to less human activity outdoors. The changes were registered using surface monitoring stations or satellite observations. However, modeling those environmental changes has remained a challenge because of our limitations in the emissions estimation and also, for the numerical modeling itself. In this study, the vehicular emissions were estimated for March 2020 in the megacity of São Paulo using the Vehicular Emissions INventory model (VEIN). The emissions estimation showed an increment of VOC/NO2 downtown, due to the decrease in circulation of urban transportation and light vehicles. Then, a set of Weather Research and Forecasting models with chemistry (WRF-Chem) simulations were performed with different chemical mechanisms and initial conditions. The modeled diurnal cycles represent the variations ...
Atmosphere, 2022
In this work, the possible benefits obtained due to the implementation of evaporative emissions c... more In this work, the possible benefits obtained due to the implementation of evaporative emissions control measures, originating from vehicle fueling processes, on ozone concentrations are verified. The measures studied are: (1) control at the moment when the tank trucks supply the fuel to the gas stations (Stage 1); (2) control at the moment when the vehicles are refueled at the gas stations, through a device installed in the pumps (Stage 2); (3) same as the previous control, but through a device installed in the vehicles (ORVR). The effects of these procedures were analyzed using numerical modeling with the VEIN and WRF/Chem models for a base case in 2018 and different emission scenarios, both in 2018 and 2031. The results obtained for 2018 show that the implementation of Stages 1 and 2 would reduce HCNM emissions by 47.96%, with a consequent reduction of 19.9% in the average concentrations of tropospheric ozone. For 2031, the greatest reductions in ozone concentrations were obtained...
Remote Sensing [Working Title], 2020
South America covers a large area of the globe and plays a fundamental function in its climate ch... more South America covers a large area of the globe and plays a fundamental function in its climate change, geographical features, and natural resources. However, it still is a developing area, and natural resource management and energy production are far from a sustainable framework, impacting the air quality of the area and needs much improvement in monitoring. There are significant activities regarding laser remote sensing of the atmosphere at different levels for different purposes. Among these activities, we can mention the mesospheric probing of sodium measurements and stratospheric monitoring of ozone, and the study of wind and gravity waves. Some of these activities are long-lasting and count on the support from the Latin American Lidar Network (LALINET). We intend to pinpoint the most significant scientific achievements and show the potential of carrying out remote sensing activities in the continent and show its correlations with other earth science connections and synergies. I...
Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia, 2016
In the present study, the physical parameterizations of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF... more In the present study, the physical parameterizations of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model are verified for making accurate inferences about the dynamics of the Thermal Internal Boundary Layer (TIBL) generated by sea breeze in an urban center with an island in a bay along a coastal region with rugged topography. The simulations were performed using parameterizations from Yonsei University (YSU), Mellor-Yamada-Janjic (MYJ) and Asymmetric Convective Model version 2 (ACM2) for the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and Noah and Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) for the Land Surface Model (LSM). The data inferred by the WRF model were compared with those obtained by a Surface Meteorological Station (SMS) and by measurements generated using Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR), Sonic Detection and Ranging (SODAR) and radiosonde. The simulations showed that although the object of this research was a region with high geographical complexity, the YSU parameterization set (non-local closur...
Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere XXII
Aerosols can play the role of cloud and ice condensation nuclei. This study shows a set of measur... more Aerosols can play the role of cloud and ice condensation nuclei. This study shows a set of measurements and experiments analysis in remote sensing, in distinct scenarios of cloud cover during day/nightime measurements using lidar, visible all-sky camera and solar photometry. The retrieved products are studied to obtain aerosol optical and physical properties in the vicinity of clouds. In this approach cloud cover and optical properties should be retrieved as well main features used for cloud pixel identification, e. g., Red/Blue Difference, Red/Blue Ratio, Normalized Red/Blue Ratio, Saturation and Intensity. We show some case studies to illustrate this methodology.
Lidars have demonstrated their capability for studying the atmosphere. The most prominent applica... more Lidars have demonstrated their capability for studying the atmosphere. The most prominent applications are measurements of ozone, aerosol, contaminants, temperature, water vapor and winds. During more than a decade the development of regional lidar networks has been taking place. The current effort of the WMO through the GAW Program to organize the GAW Aerosol Lidar Observation Network (GALION) is a logical and necessary step in that direction aimed to the addition of aerosol lidar information to the current flux of meteorological information feeding the regional and national Meteorological Services. Outputs from the GALION meeting held in Hamburg, Germany, in March 2007 will be briefly described. In that context the paper will analyze the ongoing effort to create a Lidar Network in Latin America. Progress and difficulties will be discussed. A strategy will be presented on how to combine the national and regional interests of the current and future lidar teams in Latin America. This...
Brazil has an important role in the biomass burning aerosol activity. During the Dry Season (June... more Brazil has an important role in the biomass burning aerosol activity. During the Dry Season (JuneSeptember) of 2007 at Sao Paulo-SP and during the Dry season of 2009 at Rio Claro-SP, both in Brazil, aerosol profiling campaigns were carried out using a backscattering LIDAR system. The objective of this work is to evaluate the effects of the biomass burning in the southeastern Brazil, over distant (Sao Paulo SP) (23 33’S, 46 44’W) and near (Rio Claro SP) (22 23S, 47 32W) regions of the source of burnings mainly through laser remote sensing (LIDAR).
The objective of this project is the study of aerosols optical properties in the Sao Paulo atmosp... more The objective of this project is the study of aerosols optical properties in the Sao Paulo atmosphere using an elastic backscattering LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) system set-up in the Center for Lasers and Applications (CLA) at the Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN) located at University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Besides, our system is in the list of the correlative validation of CALIPSO Satellite mission effort. We show here a methodology to be followed and first preliminary results of the correlative measurements between the groundbase system at IPEN and the satellite mission.
The Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) is the region of troposphere situated in its lower part. Due t... more The Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) is the region of troposphere situated in its lower part. Due to its direct contact with the surface and it's responsible for the main energy exchanges with the Atmosphere [5], influencing directly the climate. Therefore, the understanding of its behavior and the main factors that influence the PBL are very important to allow for a reasonable description and comprehension of the main process occurring at low altitude. The LIDAR technique has been appointed by many authors as one of the best tools to investigate the PBL thanks to its good spatial and time resolutions, besides enabling the realization of data capture without to influence the study object.[1,2,3]
The Latin America Lidar Network (LALINET, http://lalinet.org) is a Latin American coordinated lid... more The Latin America Lidar Network (LALINET, http://lalinet.org) is a Latin American coordinated lidar network, established in 2001, focused on the measurement particle backscatter and extinction profiles for climatological studies of the particle distribution over Latin America, as well as other atmospheric species such as ozone and water vapor. This federative lidar network aims to establish, on voluntary basis, a consistent and statistically relevant database to enhance the understanding of the particle distribution over the continent and its direct and indirect influence on climate.
LALINET (Latin American Lidar Network) follows its goal to consolidation as a federative lidar ne... more LALINET (Latin American Lidar Network) follows its goal to consolidation as a federative lidar network to provide regional coverage over Latin America in providing aerosol and greenhouse gas profiles following QA/QC protocols and promoting the development of researchers and students in atmopheric science field. We show recent results on different approaches for studying the optical properties of the atmosphere regarding aerosols at tropospheric and stratospheric level and greenhouse gas mixing ratio profiles followed by our recent support and validation efforts towards present and future satellite missions.
Fugitive emissions, defined as unintended or irregular leaks of gases and vapors, are an importan... more Fugitive emissions, defined as unintended or irregular leaks of gases and vapors, are an important source of pollutants to the atmosphere, which is difficult to monitor and control. These sources are present in different sites, especially in regions that are growing in size and economic activity. In this study, we present the results of the capability to detect methane profiles at low troposphere combining data retrieval correlations between a rotacional/vibracional Raman lidar (RVRL) and a cavity ring-down spectrometer (CRDS). The measurements were made at two different sites, metropolitan area of Sao Paulo (MSP) and industrial area of Cubatao (IC). The lidar is based on a tripled Nd:YAG laser with a 20 Hz repetition rate, operating on the 355 nm wavelength elastic channel, the 353 nm and 396 nm wavelength inelastic channels. A measurement protocol was established, considering acquisition time for signal accumulation, climatic conditions and data above and below the planetary bound...
Fugitive emissions, defined as unintended or irregular leaks of gases and vapors, are an importan... more Fugitive emissions, defined as unintended or irregular leaks of gases and vapors, are an important source of air pollution that is difficult to monitor and control. Within industrial facilities such as oil and gas processing plants, fugitive methane emissions can be a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions. In Brazil, as in other countries, there are specific regions with high concentration of industrial activities, and showing high population density. These sites, including megacities like São Paulo, are growing in size and economic activity. At the same time, there is a remarkable growth in concerns about the environmental issues associated with these activities. In a constantly changing world, with increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs), among them methane (CH4) and volatile organic compounds (VOC), mitigation of atmospheric emission these gases to contain global warming, is of key concern, gas data suggest that fugitive emissions accounted for more than 5% ...
A retrospective view of the build-up and evolution of the lidar community in Latin America is pre... more A retrospective view of the build-up and evolution of the lidar community in Latin America is presented. Regular workshops providing exchange opportunities between Latin American lidar teams and facilitating contacts worldwide are highlighted. Sustained by an informal agreement between the leaders of a small number of initial lidar teams, its formalization is still pending. The contribution of the international community in helping to maintain the workshops every two years, leading to the development of local scientific capacities and the publication of the papers presented is noteworthy. Clear and precise goals have been maintained throughout the years, guaranteeing success. Efforts have been dedicated to capacity building mainly with the pre-workshop courses. Exchanges of students and scientists in the region and with the rest of the world contribute to increasing local lidar scientific expertise. The increase from 5 lidar teams and 3 prospective sites in 2001 to 9 teams, with 3 s...
Aerosol Science and Technology
Abstract The use of face masks is mandatory in public places in many countries to slow the spread... more Abstract The use of face masks is mandatory in public places in many countries to slow the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. In developing countries, homemade masks with varying techniques and fabrics are used on the streets. On these fabric masks, the protection against SARS-CoV-2 varies significantly. The most common mask types are N95, surgical masks, and homemade nonwoven and cotton masks. The performance of 227 different face masks used in Brazil was evaluated to quantify their breathability and filtration efficiency (FE) for airborne particles. FE values were measured using NaCl aerosol particles sized from 60 to 300 nm and at 300 nm, minimum efficiency. The differential pressure drop over the mask and the FEmin at 300 nm was used to calculate the mask Quality Factor (QF). The N95 masks showed the highest FE60-300, around 0.98, and a QF of 13.2 KPa−1, and were considered the reference for evaluating homemade masks performance. Surgical masks have an FE60-300 of 0.89, with a good QF of 15.9 KPa−1. Nonwoven masks showed an average FE60-300 of 0.78, with an excellent QF of 24.9 KPa−1, and can be regarded as the best material for homemade masks. The most commonly used material for homemade masks, cotton fabrics, showed significant variability in FE60-300, ranging from a low 0.20–0.60, with a low QF of 1.4 KPa−1. Masks always reduce droplets and aerosols emitted by COVID-19 symptomatic and asymptomatic persons, reducing SARS-CoV-2 contamination. Copyright © 2021 American Association for Aerosol Research