Edward Coyle - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Edward Coyle
PLOS ONE, 2020
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Journal of Applied Physiology, 2018
The decline in stroke volume (SV) during exercise in the heat has been attributed to either an in... more The decline in stroke volume (SV) during exercise in the heat has been attributed to either an increase in cutaneous blood flow (CBF) that reduces venous return or an increase in heart rate (HR) that reduces cardiac filling time. However, the evidence supporting each mechanism arises under experimental conditions with different skin temperatures (Tsk; e.g., ≥38°C vs. ≤36°C, respectively). We systematically studied cardiovascular responses to progressively increased Tsk (32°C–39°C) with narrowing of the core-to-skin gradient during moderate intensity exercise. Eight men cycled at 63 ± 1% peak oxygen consumption for 20–30 min. Tsk was manipulated by having subjects wear a water-perfused suit that covered most of the body and maintained Tsk that was significantly different between trials and averaged 32.4 ± 0.2, 35.5 ± 0.1, 37.5 ± 0.1, and 39.5 ± 0.1°C, respectively. The graded heating of Tsk ultimately produced a graded elevation of esophageal temperature (Tes) at the end of exercise....
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Journal of Applied Physiology
González-Alonso, José, Ricardo Mora-Rodrı́guez, Paul R. Below, and Edward F. Coyle.Dehydration ma... more González-Alonso, José, Ricardo Mora-Rodrı́guez, Paul R. Below, and Edward F. Coyle.Dehydration markedly impairs cardiovascular function in hyperthermic endurance athletes during exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(4): 1229–1236, 1997.—We identified the cardiovascular stress encountered by superimposing dehydration on hyperthermia during exercise in the heat and the mechanisms contributing to the dehydration-mediated stroke volume (SV) reduction. Fifteen endurance-trained cyclists [maximal O2 consumption (V˙o 2 max) = 4.5 l/min] exercised in the heat for 100–120 min and either became dehydrated by 4% body weight or remained euhydrated by drinking fluids. Measurements were made after they continued exercise at 71%V˙o 2 max for 30 min while 1) euhydrated with an esophageal temperature (Tes) of 38.1–38.3°C (control); 2) euhydrated and hyperthermic (39.3°C); 3) dehydrated and hyperthermic with skin temperature (Tsk) of 34°C; 4) dehydrated with Tes of 38.1°C and Tsk of 21°C; and 5) condition 4...
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Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
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Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
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Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
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Journal of Applied Physiology
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American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
We used β-adrenergic receptor stimulation and blockade as a tool to study substrate metabolism du... more We used β-adrenergic receptor stimulation and blockade as a tool to study substrate metabolism during exercise. Eight moderately trained subjects cycled for 60 min at 45% of V˙o 2 peak 1) during a control trial (CON); 2) while epinephrine was intravenously infused at 0.015 μg · kg−1 · min−1(β-STIM); 3) after ingesting 80 mg of propranolol (β-BLOCK); and 4) combining β-BLOCK with intravenous infusion of Intralipid-heparin to restore plasma fatty acid (FFA) levels (β-BLOCK+LIPID). β-BLOCK suppressed lipolysis (i.e., glycerol rate of appearance) and fat oxidation while elevating carbohydrate oxidation above CON (135 ± 11 vs. 113 ± 10 μmol · kg−1 · min−1; P < 0.05) primarily by increasing rate of disappearance (Rd) of glucose (36 ± 2 vs. 22 ± 2 μmol · kg−1 · min−1; P < 0.05). Plasma FFA restoration (β-BLOCK+LIPID) attenuated the increase in Rd glucose by more than one-half (28 ± 3 μmol · kg−1 · min−1; P < 0.05), suggesting that part of the compensatory increase in muscle glucos...
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American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
We determined whether a low-fat diet reduces intramuscular triglyceride (IMTG) concentration, who... more We determined whether a low-fat diet reduces intramuscular triglyceride (IMTG) concentration, whole body lipolyis, total fat oxidation, and calculated nonplasma fatty acid (FA) oxidation during exercise. Seven endurance-trained cyclists were studied over a 3-wk period during which time they exercised 2 h/day at 70% of maximum O2 uptakeV˙o 2 max and consumed ∼4,400 kcal/day. During the 1st wk, their fat intake provided 32% of energy. During the 2nd and 3rd wk, they were randomly assigned to eat 2 or 22% of energy from fat (2%FAT or 22%FAT). Compared with 22%FAT, 2%FAT lowered IMTG concentration and raised muscle glycogen concentration at rest ( P < 0.05). Metabolism was studied during 1 h of exercise at 67% V˙o 2 max performed in the fasted state. 2%FAT resulted in a 27% reduction ( P < 0.05) in total fat oxidation vs. 22%FAT without altering the stable isotopically determined rates of plasma free fatty acid or glucose disappearance. Therefore, 2%FAT reduced calculated nonplasm...
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Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
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The American journal of physiology, 1999
This study determined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion during exercise on the lipolytic rate,... more This study determined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion during exercise on the lipolytic rate, glucose disappearance from plasma (Rd Glc), and fat oxidation. Six moderately trained men cycled for 2 h on four separate occasions. During two trials, they were fed a high-glycemic carbohydrate meal during exercise at 30 min (0.8 g/kg), 60 min (0.4 g/kg), and 90 min (0.4 g/kg); once during low-intensity exercise [25% peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak)] and once during moderate-intensity exercise (68% VO2 peak). During two additional trials, the subjects remained fasted (12-14 h) throughout exercise at each intensity. After 55 min of low-intensity exercise in fed subjects, hyperglycemia (30% increase) and a threefold elevation in plasma insulin concentration (P < 0.05) were associated with a 22% suppression of lipolysis compared with when subjects were fasted (5.2 +/- 0.5 vs. 6.7 +/- 1.2 micromol. kg-1. min-1, P < 0.05), but fat oxidation was not different from fasted levels at th...
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Publice Standard, Apr 20, 2006
RESUMEN Nosotros determinamos que la variabilidad en el costo de oxígeno y, por lo tanto, el gast... more RESUMEN Nosotros determinamos que la variabilidad en el costo de oxígeno y, por lo tanto, el gasto calórico del ciclismo a una tasa de esfuerzo determinada (por ej., economía de ciclismo), observada en ciclistas de resistencia altamente entrenados (n= 19; media± ...
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Med Sci Sport Exercise, 1992
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Med Sci Sport Exercise, 1994
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Med Sci Sport Exercise, 2010
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Med Sci Sport Exercise, 1987
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Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, Feb 1, 1999
UK PubMed Central (UKPMC) is an archive of life sciences journal literature.
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Med Sci Sport Exercise, 1993
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Sport Biomech, 2011
The purpose of this study was to analyze pedaling cadence, pedal forces, and muscle activation of... more The purpose of this study was to analyze pedaling cadence, pedal forces, and muscle activation of triathletes during cycling to exhaustion. Fourteen triathletes were assessed at the power output level relative to their maximal oxygen uptake (355 +/- 23 W). Cadence, pedal forces, and muscle activation were analyzed during start, middle, and end test stages. Normal and tangential forces increased from the start to the end of the test (-288 +/- 33 to -352 +/- 42 N and -79 +/- 45 to -124 +/- 68 N, respectively) accompanied by a decrease in cadence (96 +/- 5 to 86 +/- 6 rpm). Muscle activation increased from the start to the middle and the end in the gluteus maximus (27 +/- 5.5% and 76 +/- 9.3%) and in the vastus lateralis (13 +/- 3.5% and 27 +/- 4.4%), similar increase was observed from the start to the end in the rectus femoris and the vastus medialis (50 +/- 9.3% and 20 +/- 5.7%, respectively). Greater normal force along with enhanced activation of knee and hip extensor muscles is linked with fatigue and declines in cadence of triathletes during cycling to exhaustion.
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PLOS ONE, 2020
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Journal of Applied Physiology, 2018
The decline in stroke volume (SV) during exercise in the heat has been attributed to either an in... more The decline in stroke volume (SV) during exercise in the heat has been attributed to either an increase in cutaneous blood flow (CBF) that reduces venous return or an increase in heart rate (HR) that reduces cardiac filling time. However, the evidence supporting each mechanism arises under experimental conditions with different skin temperatures (Tsk; e.g., ≥38°C vs. ≤36°C, respectively). We systematically studied cardiovascular responses to progressively increased Tsk (32°C–39°C) with narrowing of the core-to-skin gradient during moderate intensity exercise. Eight men cycled at 63 ± 1% peak oxygen consumption for 20–30 min. Tsk was manipulated by having subjects wear a water-perfused suit that covered most of the body and maintained Tsk that was significantly different between trials and averaged 32.4 ± 0.2, 35.5 ± 0.1, 37.5 ± 0.1, and 39.5 ± 0.1°C, respectively. The graded heating of Tsk ultimately produced a graded elevation of esophageal temperature (Tes) at the end of exercise....
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Journal of Applied Physiology
González-Alonso, José, Ricardo Mora-Rodrı́guez, Paul R. Below, and Edward F. Coyle.Dehydration ma... more González-Alonso, José, Ricardo Mora-Rodrı́guez, Paul R. Below, and Edward F. Coyle.Dehydration markedly impairs cardiovascular function in hyperthermic endurance athletes during exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(4): 1229–1236, 1997.—We identified the cardiovascular stress encountered by superimposing dehydration on hyperthermia during exercise in the heat and the mechanisms contributing to the dehydration-mediated stroke volume (SV) reduction. Fifteen endurance-trained cyclists [maximal O2 consumption (V˙o 2 max) = 4.5 l/min] exercised in the heat for 100–120 min and either became dehydrated by 4% body weight or remained euhydrated by drinking fluids. Measurements were made after they continued exercise at 71%V˙o 2 max for 30 min while 1) euhydrated with an esophageal temperature (Tes) of 38.1–38.3°C (control); 2) euhydrated and hyperthermic (39.3°C); 3) dehydrated and hyperthermic with skin temperature (Tsk) of 34°C; 4) dehydrated with Tes of 38.1°C and Tsk of 21°C; and 5) condition 4...
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Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
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Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Journal of Applied Physiology
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
We used β-adrenergic receptor stimulation and blockade as a tool to study substrate metabolism du... more We used β-adrenergic receptor stimulation and blockade as a tool to study substrate metabolism during exercise. Eight moderately trained subjects cycled for 60 min at 45% of V˙o 2 peak 1) during a control trial (CON); 2) while epinephrine was intravenously infused at 0.015 μg · kg−1 · min−1(β-STIM); 3) after ingesting 80 mg of propranolol (β-BLOCK); and 4) combining β-BLOCK with intravenous infusion of Intralipid-heparin to restore plasma fatty acid (FFA) levels (β-BLOCK+LIPID). β-BLOCK suppressed lipolysis (i.e., glycerol rate of appearance) and fat oxidation while elevating carbohydrate oxidation above CON (135 ± 11 vs. 113 ± 10 μmol · kg−1 · min−1; P < 0.05) primarily by increasing rate of disappearance (Rd) of glucose (36 ± 2 vs. 22 ± 2 μmol · kg−1 · min−1; P < 0.05). Plasma FFA restoration (β-BLOCK+LIPID) attenuated the increase in Rd glucose by more than one-half (28 ± 3 μmol · kg−1 · min−1; P < 0.05), suggesting that part of the compensatory increase in muscle glucos...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
We determined whether a low-fat diet reduces intramuscular triglyceride (IMTG) concentration, who... more We determined whether a low-fat diet reduces intramuscular triglyceride (IMTG) concentration, whole body lipolyis, total fat oxidation, and calculated nonplasma fatty acid (FA) oxidation during exercise. Seven endurance-trained cyclists were studied over a 3-wk period during which time they exercised 2 h/day at 70% of maximum O2 uptakeV˙o 2 max and consumed ∼4,400 kcal/day. During the 1st wk, their fat intake provided 32% of energy. During the 2nd and 3rd wk, they were randomly assigned to eat 2 or 22% of energy from fat (2%FAT or 22%FAT). Compared with 22%FAT, 2%FAT lowered IMTG concentration and raised muscle glycogen concentration at rest ( P < 0.05). Metabolism was studied during 1 h of exercise at 67% V˙o 2 max performed in the fasted state. 2%FAT resulted in a 27% reduction ( P < 0.05) in total fat oxidation vs. 22%FAT without altering the stable isotopically determined rates of plasma free fatty acid or glucose disappearance. Therefore, 2%FAT reduced calculated nonplasm...
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Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
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The American journal of physiology, 1999
This study determined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion during exercise on the lipolytic rate,... more This study determined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion during exercise on the lipolytic rate, glucose disappearance from plasma (Rd Glc), and fat oxidation. Six moderately trained men cycled for 2 h on four separate occasions. During two trials, they were fed a high-glycemic carbohydrate meal during exercise at 30 min (0.8 g/kg), 60 min (0.4 g/kg), and 90 min (0.4 g/kg); once during low-intensity exercise [25% peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak)] and once during moderate-intensity exercise (68% VO2 peak). During two additional trials, the subjects remained fasted (12-14 h) throughout exercise at each intensity. After 55 min of low-intensity exercise in fed subjects, hyperglycemia (30% increase) and a threefold elevation in plasma insulin concentration (P < 0.05) were associated with a 22% suppression of lipolysis compared with when subjects were fasted (5.2 +/- 0.5 vs. 6.7 +/- 1.2 micromol. kg-1. min-1, P < 0.05), but fat oxidation was not different from fasted levels at th...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Publice Standard, Apr 20, 2006
RESUMEN Nosotros determinamos que la variabilidad en el costo de oxígeno y, por lo tanto, el gast... more RESUMEN Nosotros determinamos que la variabilidad en el costo de oxígeno y, por lo tanto, el gasto calórico del ciclismo a una tasa de esfuerzo determinada (por ej., economía de ciclismo), observada en ciclistas de resistencia altamente entrenados (n= 19; media± ...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Med Sci Sport Exercise, 1992
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Med Sci Sport Exercise, 1994
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Med Sci Sport Exercise, 2010
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Med Sci Sport Exercise, 1987
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, Feb 1, 1999
UK PubMed Central (UKPMC) is an archive of life sciences journal literature.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Med Sci Sport Exercise, 1993
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Sport Biomech, 2011
The purpose of this study was to analyze pedaling cadence, pedal forces, and muscle activation of... more The purpose of this study was to analyze pedaling cadence, pedal forces, and muscle activation of triathletes during cycling to exhaustion. Fourteen triathletes were assessed at the power output level relative to their maximal oxygen uptake (355 +/- 23 W). Cadence, pedal forces, and muscle activation were analyzed during start, middle, and end test stages. Normal and tangential forces increased from the start to the end of the test (-288 +/- 33 to -352 +/- 42 N and -79 +/- 45 to -124 +/- 68 N, respectively) accompanied by a decrease in cadence (96 +/- 5 to 86 +/- 6 rpm). Muscle activation increased from the start to the middle and the end in the gluteus maximus (27 +/- 5.5% and 76 +/- 9.3%) and in the vastus lateralis (13 +/- 3.5% and 27 +/- 4.4%), similar increase was observed from the start to the end in the rectus femoris and the vastus medialis (50 +/- 9.3% and 20 +/- 5.7%, respectively). Greater normal force along with enhanced activation of knee and hip extensor muscles is linked with fatigue and declines in cadence of triathletes during cycling to exhaustion.
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